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    3. Dialectology

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    14 views12 pages

    Dialectology

    Uploaded by

    Nancha Siasla

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    2_Sevh Gry ems _____ eo amp Beton 81) {Sanonpone vest cee sone ite me Slerciy coring eee Soe eee ey nay pie eoceacs [Spry sin Baan Dodengh Reberd B-SRbQ, Prstread Rayvsbes 24 Dialectology and Linguistic Diffusion WALT WOLFRAM AND NATALIE SCHILLING-ESTES Qe See a = ina e cae at given ott ime, spreading frat as outa scons person pater ae rls of chon the examination of synchronic pos ins spatal cnt sr pena ig slaw ii language change in rte ne spreads rom tht pont mn uct layers ina way lane ean veer tat ote ams conta pet of conte Asa eof te tial teperat rel oe Each ne sats later temps than the ON no Rte teeter vation, 2 the nec and HS the id igure 261). ‘Aline RI spree at he bean where the change qiginaed but not ‘x cuting ares! Ane tay have spread tom elieng ses we ‘nother imovation, 1. may have been iat in the oe ee Ar Ee ai oth RI and RD ae preset a the fo se, Rl alone presen ft {mvmediate outing area, and nether Rn 2 way have spread Wat re further reaver the fc rel Vine he ft ange Rap ave pred tothe more tan zea, bt ot the Inter chargereR2 sn 1m the Pypothta! patter of fasion. we eta the neces ale ‘reas mated by ioloues = hat ner lining te Soundars ofeach ok these rales in geographical pce ref ccs ge of ngage cage “7 Wa at Naa Sling Ete (—>) | — ‘The model erected in gue 21x concpaly appsing ut ti ako simple ad en ene op epg sent ep 2d exlanaoy SoEEee clout ply Schnee ate, Wot ETREESPDdubte chloe whey foe pends nd what BE cio pe ie? What Keds ofan onan rot | Rie pea? Ago toe ore mation he is FSiatn cS eprmenal Of ogee convent = | Seceeog Careri handgr coeif r Some tearm on empaly tna yma motel ded |) Baga cca Surdconnon wl concern al wah being | REE Lest nd guint nese on ame aa ae igaen moe comet fase empl cso le Soo da th acne ptr ston Oa eae nf cin and cnn guest respes ngage ge aaron gst wh adree why angge age oe ogi we eon ea 160 in tandem, Within ted population a change wil typi be ed in pre nell isan spend to br cases othe popu | te tem tren atthe huge spreade in goopapl space For ye sarh ate Sera indents at i fundamental sexe in whch he mamasion of gut ovation med he de Tnfueng dfson rach a ommuniionsratworks, distance, Diatsoy and Linge Dison 725, sac ings dui jt a yr prominenty in ater yes of ctoson “hs raming of gai ifnon vhs more general nal Son SaapereBecesl et Ges tes Hal in "erated tic inguat stracreo 9 se ways a imply para th indoeee ‘ith pect other call ptenomena. Ne matt hat heres a mst ‘eich terol focal factor i anguage change i atone accommo. {ne the creo languope i ter curl pheramen. or empl ‘hetanrent soning pon on he go change ers Pun {othe working cat and lower mile dau the orgs of wound ange in conemporary American English” (Kroch 197). Tis cus forthe initiation fl ohange gute ferent rom hat otserved for ther call phenomena ie edad pole ie Eng (ck Bore 193 46 Jor 1952 Faker 98 that he ower asses sve © eh ated ye per ann anager rr! phenomena a oo through popunton wy terior s more general model of axon ‘Sout the leacion ofthe innovative “phenomenon” and the socal and ‘rograph core at enable he proceso afin 1 Orderly Variation and Diffusion Mrvettertpradaalimpeceple change i the phonetic value af» owe ‘withing continu of phonetic pace oan abrape el percep change Involving te ttates ial . i a iano ‘716 Wt Wa a Nata Shing ter “Table 261, Varaton model of change Stage of hanes em 7 ‘Categoria stat, before underging ange XX 2 Ent ge ni vay neces 2 ‘Change in ful progres geste se of new fees E, where dunge st tte x xv 4 ‘Change progress otal completion with ‘movement tard caper stn ‘ihre change inital yo ox E Complete change new variant mage of fucrustion has often ben ignored in histor inguin assumption thi unguage dangecanet be dey cbse. Fath ‘aration i language has triton bee dss as uroptemati and Imaevante refeeto of gui peforaunce rather than competence ad. ene, of no bering on mode language change or dsion However 4s Webrschel pit “The hy ton ace conepon of language ange “ded, f language tel is he postlty of decrng orderly dere ‘ips he nese ated Inergeny Bet woke peocia ‘see 10, ‘An empirically based model ofthe dynamic proces of difsion mst cognizable weston pr nthe spread fet forms Howe {his ranitoral period sot one of cao random fain intend, Is a sage of systema verity, of “ordered heteogeney” Ua gues language Falling Bay (73), ‘we hypathesa at there ae ¢ une sags change om hough in the tron the categorical we foe arr epoca epee ‘ent by anche. In beeen thes wo Pasar atl stage that show ‘ete onstalnssensive fo sera igus and exter soll a (ors: Furtheroor, the tematic arty of tating ems cme ‘yc elation "e” and lento Schr rations of ene” or “ter tage ofthe ange. Tis prtap et shown by ing pap ‘dal mod of he ge of change sew Go ne Tale 3 ahs the change fom the enteorcl sen ore form 89 ante, Ys to entzaton of linguistic imovatons n one pariclar are, sch = age enralsed metoplian as. 3. The Gravity Model i ag =, 724 para Nita Sling Ee oO o Sis ge 242 The rei mel of Engl on i ‘gran if i is expanded to tcoporte systemic vail ‘Sscusion. Trail (970 demnarated a tas ean be Ind ota mach tthe elle of ope ‘ie int a pond, swith the wave mal bo as Chambers (97 12D pe {Eto siping stone co pond. gure 242 iusts such ode Note sac ine nresos population den ing and thr a a Diatsloy and Linu Dian 725 the gly modelo dese an pred he funn car innovations such seh advances Trudg (190 dapat Hagen model 1 acllingui ao he Beane penne of Norway fo sow tat the Spread fa ern phonic change = ht the hngr tee ponte ‘ela ofthe prone from felt [ol = wan ang tought the Pela ssordng o he ater priced by the evi ode the Gs Bie wave mal The cane gen nei eof ie deme [spun and poo’ om thee er ces f pops ere {But morale populous aes Per Tg 970) showed sat tern in the cfu of Ungulti naovatons ithe East Anglia re of Expand For ample be demonsnte th» generar phoolegea prooss tial dropping cmety endrway Egan te he unl oid, ‘mest completed erson ie dca te) spend rom Landon zeal fe Norwich the poplanon conte Et Anglia wtou aicng te ny Populate! sre Etween he to Ste the wave eel acu pre Semel te dfn of inguist anove dor the intervening aren bod Have ‘een more hs han Novi athe tha mon comply ha i in ray. ‘A mumber of other studies revel sie patering thereby gui novatons "sp" fo one population cet to snl, cing tal sets ‘Safe unt the Sal sige ofthe change For enampe, lary G37) ‘owe! hat el iphthorgiton in wor ga a nding en ‘words ke at and pop spend am Chago to downs nas ns Re {hl pater and Buy (93) demeted «Merah pate o trl forthe dition of he 13/-// merger in word pas He Rat /ock "eughost Cis Even bt te gov ode weap othe sy fer etpl, Koc OS27 sy of the Change fo to le mecral [Dutch nd Fes ovels a errchical ater han pred for this Sunge, wile Kurs (09 noted the portance fs ine aon of "mvs owl nay he Syed wf govt an sear Ue “re 725 Wl Wf nd Neti Shing Estes Inthe 19s tvoughou the wood it vn oter of the wor ma a a a a lage Avo typeof dtsion that is recognized within he grav cong dius. Trees to changes whch actly do spend pattems - ats charges whose prea a primary tance of tan Faber population seal Bas ere cr Tr rt a 2s ind fn Seinen basin cools wih he herrea dscns or ther RG sl an eg ptr iach ifsion dace to ‘1 | imitations of the Gravity Model Athough he gravity adel accounts esonaby wel for he diftson inguet noraton fate sot na mbes As Tag ‘su Chace |2°) ("SS eS incon of factor the than tics ad poplin ine Bode ‘ape he gos ol Ca sco Wa ele trea ‘nthe dito novation And because the model ws orignal i raringuc innova kant scout for he Ugo ec of {Sub ste othe pend of angerio a son Fre ry ml arise fr he ef fst Sina i pF varies with Spat othe accmmnedaon of ew forme ‘ren Tudel C985 ans dct wil more eal sop {enovtion from sett wich WHA sy rn as Le fo dog nui eres oo one cts race a mk —— WROTE sate? cd: 7D steps to core in the pi adel by acer io a ac ee . aareimmamaiaaaaieail “ny sey proportaal os popuiton don fsck Shety Poprioalotey ani ieee aes orc eaee i a ow snare dake seo on anther? “Wil IRM GANS rere cer Tero rove te otne TRIE Ey 2c. «CRs dlscmed above, tudes fvaraton witht gee es ara lens to change indeate tthe sexepance of Cate deers on SVingis td solar not at re sly wes dace PoE? ‘ample nou dy of he ifton of ter eres ie Oona “English (eg, Wolfram eal. 1997; Woliram and Schiling-Esey 1996) we Hem Found that mere "smc doc ite spain why coats nvatonean! Dia a Ligue icon 727 doped ad ter sein) ree Aa Ocracoker oe tht dintve 3] “wel. they may adopt ae oo main nsorstingpronunons urged [a whe sya fmuiland Souter pec the how Souther var 2 [7 ith iow cera taces. We mensoned shove hat Cush {ie someat essa to adopting Southern [spartan ele vcet ‘ucts the very environment where Jay is mam Uy glide in ‘msmiand Souther speek Yet many respec, he Osco let can be fide mesilate Souter ares than onan Souhers “lakes prt vowel sytem which ke the Sothern vey tem eg Lato 1980 character bythe aang and teeing eH ae [el owes a nthe promarton ot aka EH ae wel by te eneral fronting of tack vowel Dept tis there gules vesanee Genie rch he Sur waa i ae Staten Pat of tr renstance appears ob pone nna bee iy ss ead enh to i when teres low cena voll (creak fl ips a degree of phonetic many fo angling (eo 1880 Fre restanceo adopting he) savation sms om seompies tay of soa actors net notably the soil mening inary aac 0 the vaous /ay/ pronunciations they naw come ino cota! thon aly ‘as. We eat ots point Flow sn aur dncanon con erate ‘iteson 5 Amplifiers and Barriers to Diffusion oe te fe overarching ators ta alse sprend of ing invalns {be phenomenon lel conemuncston nto. dans, ie and so Strutt gavty maou kes et scout the factors of dance nd {SORENTO accra re cn SNE TedpFe AT Sees t fair na mension rated | ie aig peroneon Singin paral appr ‘Sti of iasoaoss . Tks uA Sut ht ta opographicl features may at | ED orp diimiiiiteiiiteiiihiniitiiaiiaaglaaiaia leographic characteris in ee a ten song bares Oa a co. tie degree ploups are imply mae reitant oe Accepting of change igen orto coin pee Qanges Wecrest ent eae OE 1. netstat member upwardly mob” social asses, such sslupper works dau snd lovermidledaags Tr 75 ten de Sting 4 serves ssn apie o Fess Temas speach, whe acs a Daan {he spread of ung fa prcaing viele consonant eg Mek Bares may farther be ces se moe o se pores depending on aw = ‘Sronly they Sack he speed of» change aa Tm adion, any thorough investigation ofthe effect of socal factors on i aaron of ling novatine ned nae ove ok oman ‘on sews than that provided ty the avy del wick ply Re iat in gone dener populations communicate ore wi so resident of ral pale sua, We ad such the eft ofthe socal newark of nid inormans and all rouge op ions ns rey iy a Moyet se Mecha bs 3 fot an set wr | Disaloy and Linguist Difuson 729 ban populations ae grea considered tobe bound by loser ‘es thn rural osc con easy ce io the Moye mel fr Engst ‘Tstn pre the gravity model Suh models anata innovations fein in tun poputons Tae ie eg gene ol want ‘Toman who al oe tut bare them i enact wh members of oc [Poups lhe than eso fy Chambers 195 ch 3. Th ths neon ol ay eet mucha ute ern of how lng nnovatone die tugh a gives Population bat ‘ater ars yon eplanaon forthe iain paters hat Galecaogis Id sovaknguate hve already observed - Contra-Hierarchical Diffusion “The halve of igus ies we ean points out hw ronahy Tet Rs ay Sect te rend! langunge change Inti sy Of ‘Sass dqnopenie he at ene se ifon ang in Suna ect By eo to) decor hat, wove porn ‘Steps the Spend ofthe /s//a/ merger appeared tobe dif ecarcng toiheticrarccal model, he pend of he qast-moda ft oa They [otto ane copay easy th ponte difsonal pater, That fr {tly wae mat ray coc he ru aes fhe aes ‘pend ote tough nent large poplaton certs wl a Etre won eset rte of di xe ‘yun changer se given a igues 243 and 244, taken fom Bae a (OD enh mt ir) Gene pial itn Be om Seon born nor wore 1 and figure) vesthe spatial buon [eeapondens born fe 145 oder fo show the rato the change 730_ Wi Waa nd Nate Shing Ets __Diketoy en Linguistic Difasion 71 Repos tne 98 NX KV en eee terete tt ct ag pet ct wi SEgmecats ape cree secon weal mage pratt gull tout pene mee ae sat wet bon pctodd We bitae eit mene pee Bor cet nant ete) peng hot aa ei te ae eo ee eee say hance ih con ppt ely Heat oe I cmetan Oger danse hot Rin ok COST tS ero opt Slits Ss alta at meer Satya gto cones iv waste Peer pis a imnetice barge Foxtons rises Sasa one ania oe 2p tga coe ss Baek ee ne ‘Souther states such as Oklahoma, fin’ toi regarded as a traditional rural form | sds prominin pr of Glkons madras shee see | Sing och mosh a nna Sc he ned Aetna mee Na ns nro Rigas tetra nme crime ech sree os athe ts pop ct Se Sra oe ss a vay ager tones Som hs ay aa ens ener om, arisen! mtb easel ae ‘tare cy nvr ran oy eer overt aad tty le Onto ay ee Seeker ee ores eee Te ly dca ng ag, ten 197 Wm dag ind in vrtan Seven sa ret acne ct tee re at eae pc prenmepreg oy fated ltt be tye Se a en eee eae oe See ere aes eens SSE ee es eee cee eeee eee Sfmt elton ae Sopen cee rae aera ened be ine nadae Diktsoy ond Linguistic Difasion 733 ging mp td uo iy ae + smliimnsional sppresch tat consider sn aay Of gepraphil so td linguistic fact thick may ink in iflret ees Ferre Symamie model of etsion ma encmpan he pst sarah st Garcia language change Whe such perspciveexpeace te neds ‘uses of many of he adinaal models for deetang and eaning det

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