NURSING PARADIGM (BODY OF KNOWLEDGE)

FILOSOFY AND THEORY OF NURSING

SUPPORTING LECTURER : LUCIA ENDANG H, Skp., MN

By :

SAFIRA SALSABILA
P1337420622022

INTERNASIONAL CLASS
1A3
HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF THEMINISTRY OF HEALTH IN SEMARANG
2023
 NURSING PARADIGM (BODY OF KNOWLEDGE)

The nursing paradigm forms an arrangement that regulates the relationship between these
theories in order to develop a conceptual model and nursing theories as a nursing framework.
Thus, the nursing paradigm serves as a reference or basis for implementing professional
nursing practice.

Person
Individuals as bio-psycho-social and spiritual beings who are intact, implies that
individuals become a unified whole from the physical and spiritual aspects because they have
various kinds of needs according to their level of development. Individuals always interact
regularly with their external environment and always try to always adjust and balance their
internal conditions.
The individual as an open system means that individuals can influence and be
influenced by their environment, both the physical, biological, psychological and social and
spiritual environment so that changes in individuals will always occur, especially in meeting
their basic needs. The individual as an adaptive system implies that humans will respond to
changes in their environment and will show adaptive and maladaptive responses, which in
general can be said to be holistic or intact.

Health
One measure used to measure the level or status of health is through the healthy-sick
range. The healthy-ill range is a tiered hypothesis scale to measure a person's condition. A
person's level of health is on a scale that is dynamic, individualistic, and depends on factors
that affect health. In other words, the state of health is always changing constantly, where the
range of health and illness is between the death line or optimal. If our health status moves
towards death it means we are in an area of illness (illness area), but if our health status
moves towards health then we are in a health area (wellness area).

Nursing
In this case, nursing adheres to a holistic view of the individual. Nursing activities are
carried out with a humanistic approach in the sense of appreciating and respecting human
dignity by paying attention to clients and upholding justice for all individuals. Nursing is
universal in the sense that it is not distinguished by race, gender, age, skin color, ethnicity,
religion, politics, and social economic status. Nursing is an integral part of a comprehensive
form of health services covering biology, psychology, social, and spiritual which is aimed at
individuals, families, communities that prioritizes promotive, preventive, curative and
rehabilitative services provided in healthy or sick conditions. Nursing also considers the
client as an active partner in terms of providing nursing care between nurse and client.
Environment
a. Physical environment (basic / natural environment) related to ventilation and air
b. Environmental Psychology, negative environmental conditions can cause physical
stress and adversely affect the client's emotions. Therefore, it is emphasized to the
client to maintain physical stimulation.
c. The social environment, related to the community's relationship with the client's
environment as a whole, not only includes the home environment or hospital
environment, but also the whole community, which is very influential on the
environment in particular.
d. External Environment (culture, customs, community structure, social status,
education, socio-economic and cultural) environmental therapy can assist nurses in
maintaining patterns of the body's defenses against disease to improve healthy
interaction patterns with clients.