‘TEADOWAT_SHAHAN) TSEC _ peument no { __ BeREETCoa jp —Mesh Analysis and Nndol Analysis | Aim To venfy meshanalysis fo the_given_p Ceitcewt —HArpambus Dic power supply (anos), Bread board ,Resistance ro2p 0.) (1K EKO 569.0 920. 27 kay > PMN, canne ting wines ete. ‘ _ Theory = This method is based on _kifchoft’ & voltage laud — i Sora thy this onolysis is costed out to debermine branch _ eurient. Lroceduier . ticnecR whether the. citevit. 4s_planaror oot _ -Ibetermine_number.of meth tna cueart- ae Each mesh is soplied 0 gepacate mesh current for convenience aiLmesh cotcents are assumed to flow tn_someguection | Celockunse or anticlockwise) . | ty Apel Keita to-wadethe equation foreach mest_in teens af — _ mesh ‘cutrents: - SITE value of any. mesh _cusreat &_neqative na “k_imeans Anat ane - ime dueckion of flow of unten is 'S..opposite to that of assumed direction. 6) Agber. oll ne eer pt Sauna tacbai Toca vitents. .\so0s., H2200F IVER Ca Fock: fees ty TBD Ty SR ew Sey hy Wy oty, Le - ~loeay- tly4 TEN, SROREERNG COLLEGE Kin the quien cweurt_are these meshimimama- Fach } t . x, Mesh is assigned_o Separate _m bh eursent: Tay a1 33 hewn iA figure and % %& assumed tha’ alt currents 0. are flowing in clocawise dwectian. Apply Kv.L-te mesh -1 7 IKIBOF; ~ Ineo TE, ~ S607, = -io -@ [Apply Kw be mesh=2 inno; + 332.9% —B20%7-5 ~O . _. —TAppig KYL cho. moe h-3 _ - _ _ 540m — 860% + a5go%=5 —@ aiving eqn OO SO. y= ~-8-25mA, =—-yImA Tas ORbimA bye Flix.) HroSmA- Nadal Atalusis 2’ This’ tietbad i based an Keb +Naimally this adalusis is cared out to determine a node. Pn - Procedure: ce a {i]] Mankalt podes | es See tal 63] Seleck ane nf the ‘pede-os a reference nite’4 1500.2 Observations = Mesh anelysis current throwgh* | ke Lea mia forte Prackscal value. [theosetical value pom osae Nodal Analysis OS, mm AS do | Practical y, ts no ak — an obs Bebb 12 FTaeaas cal salve [odes De mA de Tove ina LO |‘THADOWAL SHARAN) upAssign the unknown, potential of ollnades_tatth_tespect— to the reference node. __ LA‘ each unknown node. (excluding. ing “reference nade) — assume the_unknown cv.ment ondmork their dire ton. yp Solve te get varus -uoknawn node voltages Tr th cvicuit_these are thiee, uiRnown pades ALB ood c+ _ Replying Kobe. at node Bs Tops +E £0 val =e aE {a3 aot a a8 1oo8 [2200 220 “Vapolging Keka node © “pbs fast lve 220 560 | Lt +1 =n) 5éo_ 220 2200] 220 Apely ve kei at_node B __.. evaf_t 7 +vel1 +1 di teve| a T= _ [1006 jooo 220 560 | (S60. _|soting D, OLO Naz &3V - Vex 226V_ Ne = b@ BV. . EDs) = VA = 6.3 LS ka 15D = 2 my ASood, Reference i | a nod +) } i pas . vod boyd i i! \ | i i ! Lnoosa. 7 TSEC Higieemne COLLEGE _ Procedul® ~ Ni Conhect the aveutt as shou in 4 gute in. pread board _ Wi Befare giving the DC supply check the cireub uj Measure the cuosrent flow 1og thinogh 16 KO @ TKO _esistances.: - - WWenfy the. above yesubt uth theoretical yalye obtained with mesh and_nedal analysis. a | calculate the petcentoge error. fox beth methnds _| Ye erovs [ (Cyneoretvel = Tpreet) fepract] x ton a Gandhsion mesh analysis. used to fod evicent in _| branches. (unknowns and Medal anal, yais 6 used to. _|-fibpd pnknown v oltages ak odes.u ‘HADOWAL SATA & TSEC - GREENE TOPE Po __ Experiment on: VPRERPOSITION. THEOREM [aun r To_Study and wenfy—superpos ron thenein lAppo rat = PC. power. supply bread. ‘poaud presiskar Cio) 320-0, 22.0002; 22 Ke p15 Koel KO), Dm commec-ting. tat . 4 : te ~ wool Then cy = Accexdung 4a Seperpascion thectero "fo a Linear bilakeral_cucnt having more than. one_independent outce.the (e¢pangse (vo tage ef copreot) th any branch is equal tothe algebyaic:_sum of the xespenses cavsed. by @ach “ind ependenk source. jecting alone where_all the other independent sources — _jLave: replace de by Breit saternal.tesistances. Linear. Cscuit 2 2 linearcireuit is. a eectrie cirevit a in_which. ctrevit porometers (recietance.,.nductance, __. | capacitance. ) ave constant .tn_other...words_o circuit: whose ._patameter oce_oot changed... in_o [Linear carcuit—(S—dectiy~prepational-So opel ——3— pesese 5 : ti eat 1 Bilateral. Cite = A bilateral _cipevit.. ie_an_electae_ cicouit, ~in_uhich the magnitude. of cucreot vemains .... co nstant when, a, #he—palawity of. ~Seurce_is_reversed..——§3 Voltage ondcveurrent sources: : " *Aeal voltage Source 5 > Peps Ani deal voltage seurce: has! Tero ‘anternal regigtonce in series. 2] Practical -vdltage source. | : sheds be, A practical voltage -source" has: finbe: ibberdal. resista: connected in senes Unf eae A eth METERS : i 1 eigen gy i PE Lape ee Ee Brit: 3] Sdeat-: current Sebree: efi! ts nate An ideal cwirent source has infinite poroltel resistance, | oA Hy] Practical current source, A practical. current source has Finite internal resistar connected in Te A ZR! ? ——-—-|mo. | o TSEC ENSMERENS SOMESE Limitations. of -superpasikion Theorem = 4j This theorem. is “opplicable only to Linear circuits. 24 Applicable... only te —cttcuitss —having mage than [one Source. 4] This —thearem—cannot_be used to measure power. To find Te in gi revit. Consider. the circuit Eshown in the diagram we _| __have to frod tee = Tsk) using superposttion _..theorem. “iStepel 2). To_find curcent through (5 62 resistor |___ she Vo = 1 Let Spel mesh... analysis +o given elreuyh. Ag KVL m pA _ (A (2200.4.33 0 8.210) =, (820)- 23 (330) 510! ! <<" 3350 2) - $202, ~330 2710 —O 1A Ir) (2-0) + Ty.(220 +1500 +820) ~ T3 2 @ 20% +25H6L-2207) = | Yin ko mesh’ AcbA (330) — Ty (220) + Ts (toot PO 33520 =339%1 = 280s + o650%,-0 —@® Solvi eon OD OL) a Tz “2498mA #2=3-225 mA mA__*2= 3220 mf re, 7 323. 22E mAHeve SV veltat Step- 2 ge is a by ‘short cree os > 330 22K OS ams‘TADOWAL SHARAN TSEC BROHEEING COLLEGE / Stepg=dT. 5 find “curcent through. AGED tesigtar (Fe") when We Sv. is ~acking talone. 1 Applying KVEvto om K LPS b. a BOA pe ie “| =r! (3350) -2) (go 0)— 53/6930) =0 —@ Te. “Bun a I sent doyugh igkab tesktot yiaduced by cach. : ce! ouice independ ently __ Tee Ce" e 3 seqaineaice) = 9-225 - bi [eqs 2a me y)]ToL TSEC ENGFERNG COULEG: Ail coremt throsgh resietdrice Ri wahént ai sovrdes)..aie— annected. Bl Costent through resistance Ri. with only one Source 0%. BAMA ed decd cue A pe ey wicel “Source 2! | Molto aarti tprack{" Cthe) Fa (prot Tatthedceract) Eeuhoad! ts idee eRe fs Tan MRO aad 4 | . Zpactl= SHI = Baers 21 : = dis mA tv) Epcheol= 2115'mA Ve iy vi i 1s ror = F Breck |— Zeal Kloo Shggreiyy iH! Trpreck] a tbs igi tt! . ua bat i" ! ie ! wif : a : ' t Pop eM iy " - ee hddTHADOWAL SHAHANI TSEC », ENGHEERWG COLLEGE we] fheasute 4 the..cuy rent. flowing thesagh sesibance Ru wrth pi Lavity 3) Connect one Seuee ok o time and. replace oll they sovrre. by ork circuits measure. the cvrrent thiough @ with polarity -Dethis for all Sources b Ye considering one... Somce,.a%.a time. kil Calovlote..pet..corpent..“chrovg b hg ebraic_sum.of currents. sbtsined in siegea 5] Colevlarce ON | eerrers [Ctthea > Fprock) /eepract) x 100. [Conclusion > The branch .cvrcent_is the algebraic sum of |_Curtents due to individuolveltoge sevice when all a ity a : "TOL SN | TSEC ENGIEERG cOLTeGe Expextimenmt No. SA) “Thevenin's_Theatem [Aims To study and verify, _Thevenin’s Theorem... F ; Pepacetosis- ne gout capplBised baath-tisiskar cnn KORN 202K, 363 Ki teT Ke), bm connecting: wires et: [Theaviys="Thevenin’s “Theorem. teduces.the camplete..ciecatt +o a simple crevit..This thepyem ts practically useful to find current tina. particular branch of neat bilatem| network “The concn flowing shinigh o lned_tesebance Bui connected wy ‘ of Lineay oetwayk is given by =n Rrat Re | a _ where e Ven to the open circul age He votkage between A andB- ie vellage acinss A GB where Re i pemoved] at od [Qvnis the recistonce of netwuovk measured bohueeo A ond B_when load is rempved and all the voltage and the aucrenk Sources ais-tepleced. ‘so their internal resistance,\G BS Bre A Linear Bilatera 3 i - SQres) Ri complex natu. L ° Vere i? Po ii pal i A oe , 6 : sa £ Tow Thevenin's Equivalent Creurk: Observation: | *f, Ercov THEORETICAL |--PRACTICALTHADOMAL SHAHAN} _TSE¢ ee ERIGINEERWG COLLEGE" Th ¢_inkernal yes (stance of an a eal Vo tag: ge Soy Wis zers aod thet of anitdeals « Sirecead wince _f infinite Hence if cures ck hos._ideal” Welta age add. current”. geurces! thba: dahile: finding? lout: Rr] vo age | Sources ate replaced. by short civovit” and cusent ources. by open citcuit. Lary itetlons of. “Thevenin’s Theocems>— This theorem cannst be applied to petwar which Lcontains none linear elements This theorem ts _—_ applicable to only tineay elements, 8 - ira bak Bak _% 6 _ L | lov Skeort =o apd: Rr - Replace ta OV by chock eurcurt Ro by a9 n_cireuit: “LIK)® WIthey = 31313 = o.255mA TTR. poi Foss 2NWe = ove mA: noah ts 2+935K, a Lcosene oass)[0057 on se = Orth rad t , Soy i 3 th Evroré‘THADOMAL SARA TSEC " ENGINEERING COILEGE {KBB KS 3K = 16 Ku IK AK + AK + IK XS3K =b6 KO \K _ pk af Rema Rag = LTR RT @2iRYT Re | = (h6us R$ ob K] U6 R33 ag . 3-252 MDG K Rrn= Rag= Dor} Ke Ster2~ To fod Vay (vag 2007,“ 5S00T=0 —O TES 9eT tS eboo Flo = we $293 mA Dd | T= 2:632mA O- . | | Typ k= CH= 1293 mA (A toe) Dae kn = CT) 2133 eof ! = 22 (1339) tT (24d) CB toe)| TAN TSEC ~ ARGHEeUNG couECS Step ar To find Feu _ Rayer 4 ANA B — Figk2 = 3131 eo25smA db a [2-277 ced Ry ROK = __ v [iota = O5goR i 8. ~ Procedure. 12 1 Connect the cts - cuit: as shown inflguce, __ aRemove the.load resistance (Ri) aod mensure. Va® (Vrr) Cwheie.f and B ore terminals abtamned ofter the temoval of load resistor). | a Replace all voltoge soures hy short=cireuite J and measure Raa (Rr) woth. ne help of aben— -meket. a7. DOM uf) Colevlote.. = Now _ __. Brat Re . _ pe Coleulate ‘error ysing thenretizal and. _—__ _ etackical - we 4, Errore | CZoract < Zineo) X400 ° Tprock, bh connected aanss a a set sn gat ya ea vetbage Source.TEADOUAL STAM: 9 oy SEC ERQHEERNS COLLEGE EXPERIMENT NO 2(B)_ plus NoRToN'S THEOREM [Atm = To stu ay aod verify Novton’s Theorem —Apparatus=..De._4 eiskor OK, 22K OK 3:3.K,HTK), pm , Connecting ubires eto. se (Theory = Norton's Theorem j¢ dual of Thevenin’s The srem- Norton's theorem as applied tn Linear bilateral de _ _lcirevits may he stated oS indere fing curcent flowing thravah load | vesistance Ki. connected lacs essay two Let! vrai of actioses otc pe net. ark. —— fsigiven bys oo oh, ara Ry # Ri wabese constant oy trent 3 18 equal Lito that couest thet would flew fag short cr wih ploted .acress the terainale _ A-ond'@: and Rw i the secistdnce of the betwork . mbencured betwebt. térmitals| Acand Biker Isai Ruts lemoved: “and Lol the. waltage and cuttont sources “ate teplaced by thefr Laternal...resistances. _ _~% Crrevit Diagram! seed Janey we pe dP ashy ey oon wn idler tens: Equine ldnt!;Creevita pp A hun Observation= Fotis ed abo | heosttical | 797. - Practical. L857 may igs et ‘A. Brot, oorKt Coleulotionie wih bt 1 ELepneo) =b797 05-816) (5ar6 410.) BO: bei MALT Lo Fecpras) = M857 C5180. fi (5-Bortdo)] = O68) mah ' a whoa yeu aed : odTSEC © ERGINEERWG cortege So Eee . ccne2k tik t eax [tu K LE6S7-S+ie0s) taazn0 1+ 4105 kp Pee ST Ee (SV a ov Lt 2 ~ 3 a) BB Kae Ey aL i 3 | B 32007 —~2200% +OT,=10 722005, + 65 00T, ~33 o02276 _ S - OT, 7 33007, +Pocele = S255 MA; 22570189 mA Swe B= L747 mad TEeD ae L197 ) FBI Ke 10 Beaten Tone = S86 x» b197 mA 1S Tok O86 mA726 TSEC ‘sHomEERNe corteoe erificatinn Using Nodal Anatusi A Pa SE ny [Ke YK (sy = ov geek seoke. Loic ZCef) . deBVx jo =Myt =O tooo 1200 iooo 1a00 1900 | “yy ot Teyf a et fe is | {600 loo 3300 14700 14700 | | | = §.228V Nye 5-287 _ Tingn = 15-5287 = b&6mA* fT OO . a _. _ Ay _ iPro dures ~ = 1:1 Connect the iat 08 , shown fn Figure. ’ 2A] Measure. -evrfent (EL) through to KA 3] Remove fok- replace..by.a_short (A-8) and measure — —jeurrent. thtovgh (AB) is tee He] Measure reqw@banie across AB Le Rr agkes replacing voltage Souree by short cirvit. a 5] Colevlate % error Coe Tu Conclusion = ' 2 ts lusian = Any complex linear network between two berminal o be replaced..py.o..practicnl current Seurce.THACOMAL SHAAN 2. TSEC ISHEERG COMLESE EXPERIMENT NO+ 4c) ah nes Rob crevit: - — lain, = Th_méakure the impedance (Zi and the pred atlerence CO) of « seri Rok. circuit Apparatus ‘Function generator, dual-tiace (Ro.Reais rf 1KA, — silavetor ComH) , bread baard. 6 a —,L l | [z= 1879. 635-04 st __ ~O= tant Xe) Egzer ae] RESvLT} concrysion h x (2) an of the qiven RC series cirevit wa measured with AcTOMAS «2 TSEC “ ENGWEERWS cOrLEGE _ feo eriment 5 Seueg R-t-< Lesenance. Aim: To erify resanance. Fequency fox the g. Le __ uevit ana hence plot the sesonance..curve. le pporates. “Function 0: L Resictor (106 indus tor. ComH}copacitor (o1uF), biead board connecting _|wires ood co probes (4). nee of R-ohms “with .a_puce.indyétor of “ety aoa sap &fasadS...Let. their. Series. combination [he sonnecked across. AC. Supply of B= Vm sinast: Peo a jibes ube Ahe_thstontaneous value of cucent flowing through the series rombination- Also cence fo ence _| = RM, isk Te RMS volve of current Flowing Re RMS 4 tat of_eliage_tag_aunsa” _| Vi = RMS y, vol Lt een a en ge’ dt tc’ To btain “the resultant valkngesue should tanw the magni ude. of Vu and Ve vectors. Hence oll three should. Ha fe_anallysed. separately. ceuenietees een Kage 2 MiNe OF Ker Xe Kase t..NczVu 0% KarXe KaseTIC +. Vee Ve ov Xn= XSeries Reb cirevit AN ined nl sol vy 4 \ 1 \ i Ve. rn ree ' : be ! pee ls oo Ne. + i Phaser dlagramore sch caset ve yp €aselr 3 : cose , Vw Ve or Pe YES Ye 0%) . MukYeror LX Xuske - Xu=Me.TSEC *" ANGERS Conese Case, tim Vue on XurXe = lags v ‘by Sien\iay to B-L serieg ciccuit — Ree Ke Case Ti:- _ .. Meg Ne_ oy Kid Ke. ‘ 1 Zleod v by o Similiar to R-6 series civ jal= J Re + Of Ke\® __ [fe Nem cost) = YooTm sin (Zust + tan) BS Re! (Ke-Kn) ee leteb ee b= ton Xen kef . en | 2 z Case ITs Mee Ve oy Mee Ke 7 iste phose with Vo Sumilion £0 purely resistive érsait _ Ve Va Zar baoLyo Citwik diagram. AL a | : R= 100-2, ,b=tomet Hh fot oe Ok CH matnciniSS cee IE supply — eat trom {unchion Generator Observation 2 3: Po 13S u US ey 4.8 S Soh <2 Fiequeney |‘JEADORAL SHARAN TSEC RUTEERING Conese —_|This..cmndition is termed as series fesamance vendition . - Xis co ae = [ aamfph = ee : _2TfeC _ fo = i He — antre_ . ushete fo= Resonance frequent y ee a Resenante anquiar frequency, Oo. cos = . _ count ot, te: sane 2) =X A cortenk wroqiibahe Zoi be maxim along —ail the ___ tchiee races os impedance Is minimum. Jn ..case (Ff there is na yecishanre fh. the leet Tee [Theereticolly, Such « erievit can actept Soly value of —___ ~_|eovient through 1k Hense a series resonance citeuth as. termed as an arceptor eivewit, 0 Fonction of a resiat, in.o.serieS pesononce citeutt. BS be bring the cureakte 9 safenalye, _—_—__ Calculation €= tom ——— _ C# Olue on Lexie? xD KIee oe £o= 5032-92 Hs & ERY - —‘RADOWAL SARA a TSEC > Hichesnvecousss Wh Ceaneck—thecitcult—os— showin tothe Ala gia. ——— ai Vary the frequency of rapet free Joolta %0 toono He lin steps of Kooy. 17 Take-mort—feading Near resonance (ip ep. of looliz) 4 Observe yesanance in cRO ee Ss Plotthe..wavefarm from’ for 7 frequency < Resonante Frequency Are quency? Resonance {equency || 9 freq vency = Resonance frequency... IPlok the tesanance..come lceociuginn: When frequency .Nosies +Uh. Sty cust effectutely behaves \ike a series RC circuit (t lead) citenit."AMAROT PRODUCA Experiment..Ned Orr £50, Test Aim: To predetermine lefficieney eof diffe sent. tnads (Fail alu a, al) ek pouer factor . of 9-2 oth bead ‘regulation ab different tending ond lagging pam \fockors. Parameters of equivalent cisutt a Prot. 7 efficteney-vs lead ond Zi voltage repaint vps actor graph. Apparatus: en ne — lim variag-O-300V UNpA ee iiiattmeter Useew,300V,5A}++ tmeter ww 4. 1c Arometet (OctAlentie) Ac _Noltmeter (O-300A)-«(INO) : _ “tac. Voltmeter (0-500 A)+++-- (ino) _ Transformer :IkKVA, 230/230, 5A Theovs: A transformer ts an electric. device which can cansfer- electrical energy from pene port of circuit to -|anether part whout change of frequency. Ft works on the principle of mutual induction These ore step up, Step.down and Ll transformers available When _an_olternetiag.. voltage v is applied toa _ primary winding the alternating current T flows in ie /Pioducing an alternating flux tn the core -Ay Cirewit Diagram: vi baie oc Test Pa ‘ mye Boe dustaniyy ao ui @Opfedp, vl spr tbe 2290, 5A Bow (ori LEYA mm watimeter . poet "2391 230N, be a Re‘To aN a), = Rating: ot Bfanskermer ‘indicates the putput power Beam ik_| But fore: tpantformer it-is not fixed and p- gees on changing: Hence tating i9iin terms of nowers butin terms of product...of. voltage ‘and ‘cuntent. This % generally expieesed. H ia _KVA |_KVA rating of Aransfocmer# Vid = Vas fopo foe Full Inad is mavimum turcont. which. pean ls then the 4) @ P| that voltmeter.teads tated voltage, winding without chong.ing, it- Proceduie: - — - | Measuse_terrespondin ormmeter and wottmeter. readings. [Now connect as shown Jofigb) for Go test and gebit. __| checked = alevlate the full load current for th e-_giten ia nsFotmer=A Observation. 1 Oc Te —~ Ve =o 2BOV O22 22 2 S-¢ Test ‘ Me fe te » |Ablt bead. | odio up i 8-76 gurrene 4A 3s om ' Fowl toad seedndary currents (Rabed volt: Ampere,/.\ is yoga fel : 1 rain Seconbary. rated vol pe boy bytes oh Roe f280- Gb vey yon : WP aie Sout: web : Ves ag veh Mb dad : ara Poitee sibs 5 a ue i : peiadh | pooagh hess Titel go Loft fa bape hioy i he vssiathve | cope eta Per yailis f 7 ro uM mie iach aes ebb disp ue deeol Eiieadt stataroom «4 TSEC FROREERNGGoLLecE usatimeter reading = wo 23u) a Pmmetey teading =To= 0-224 conn Nolimmeter pe. ding: ae a L086 ha = he io ST OUES 230 XG Zw ols Ro = 2200 - XoF {17 -O6 8% ae 2) SC 4esh. -~@.watimeter feadingyrse= dow (a) Voltmeter teads 3g — Nees Re6Sy S) Roy of Box = bis fect 125 — 6). Zot_or Zaz = Visa fEsc = 247 7) Kot oy Xe = = Rod = b 7748 fee ‘fe encgs (RTE a a full lead Veltage tegulatfon = 2.17 tos be 2-08 2p _. Is) Seleck paw) factor osc aS [oy 02, O48 0.6, 0-8 1) =a padsing..pow.eh Pacte/ ' Ss beading fewey fackoy ao _. 1) A-gyaph of Ww efficency yo tinad eueor ale pletbed viz. vadth all parameters caleslated sShavlA ai EeuvalenG citen fe dtewn wth. feference tn -pomary aTram TSEC “7 ENGINEERING COLLEGE sl Apply above, current wi h aecn adaty ish rte circit oth 104 gh_ primary Gilmeacute ¢orespanding voltmeter feading and wattmeter. - Neading: _lconetusion: ee a [The oC and.s-4 ‘eect. oft kw. “-tiansfarmers were_perfomed_ -.|p.ond.its... ecessary. parame seis sicle measured... . _— ay . _ | when field winding is excited _ and_ormetute. conductor is I connected actos. the supply it experiences a mechanical force where ditection is given by Fleming's teft hand4e / Pah frame ve aan . 1 I : i Nob Woo gedit A ka wt df bea? Potton bow Retekeade arudeor oo Party ee daedoReabhe be fpuxel covenc ca rey » u NUE , nodod cr AEE a al ms feta eb cpes od wafer Bagi ter bee ‘ ebom Sf orp ae de tnaca ict Mea born Cts fren o vs , 4 va eetTSEC «¢) ERGREERNG COESE nule. Because. “of this fame,the. aimature starts rototing. [Tt cuts magnetic__ield and emf i¢ thduced ty armature: AS per len law, emf idduced. sh_ormatute acis in_oppositeAu --|Molbag emf. ___ 7 | a “be. machine either of generator. ofmotor t consi. o ports et i £ 2} 1. i Ai 4 ~ a ‘f2] Armature cofe.and windings [3] Commutotor.....- fe] Brushes_ Depending vpon method of excibation af field windings, lac machin es__are_clagsified into uso classes Separately excited machines, etf exited machines Shunt wonnd machines. | Series wound machines. oe eee ‘oon achines, long-shuok compound wavnd machines... a e1}Shetkshunt—tornpaund_waond m machines. Pr. cedure. > eee _@X ute: dand self excited oc ol ileing of different seypte oh Beaming Conclusion =3_ _. Dec machin ANY ny oN