Experiment No.

Thermodynamic Processes (Isothermal and Isochoric processes)

Device Name: WL 102 Change of state of Gases

State:
State is the condition of a system not undergoing any change gives a set of properties that completely
describes the condition of that system. At this point, all the properties can be measured or calculated
throughout the entire system.

Process:
A process is a transformation from one state to another. However, if a
system exhibits the same values of its properties at two different times, it is
in the same state at these times.

Area Under Curves:

In thermodynamic process area under the curve represents a thermodynamic quantity, area under
curve in a pressure (P) volume (V) diagram represents the work done in or on the process and area
under curve in Temperature (T) entropy (s) diagram represents the heat transfer from or to the process

Isochoric process (isometric process) is a process during which the volume

remains constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law:

The pressure of a fixed mass and fixed volume of a gas is directly proportional to
the gas's temperature.
V = constant
PT
P =CT , C= any constant
P/ T=C
P1/ T1= P2/ T2
Q = W+U
And V2=V1

W=0 (area under curve =0)

Q = U = m Cv (T2 - T1)
Isothermal process is a process in which the temperature is maintained constant.

Boyle’s Law:
The pressure of a sample is inversely proportional to its volume, and the volume of a sample is
inversely proportional to pressure
T = constant
V  1/P
V=C/P , C= any constant
PV=C
P1V1=P2V2

V2 V2 P1
Q=W= mRT1 ln And 
V1 V1 P2
P1
W=  P1V1 ln and PV=mRT
P2
P1
W =  mRT1 ln
P2