One INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (Iq,PlusOne Information and Communication Technology Grade 6 Learner’s Book N. Kufarimani N. Mudzingwa M. Nkomo R. Nyamupaguma SECONDARY BOOK PRESS ‘AnchorsTOPIC 1: ICT TOOLS... Unit 1 : Hardware Maintenance. Unit 2 : Software Maintenance TOPIC 2 : CREATING AND PUBLISHING Unit 3 : Database... TOPIC 3 : COMPUTER SOFTWARE.. 30 Unit 4 : Spreadsheets 31 Unit 5 : Installing and Uninstalling Software. 47 Unit 6 : Cloud Computing. 55 Unit 7 : 2D and 3D Images 61 Test 1.. 69 TOPIC 4: SAFETY AND SECURITY.. 72 Unit 8 : Hacking... 73 TOPIC 5 : THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION. 79 Unit 9: Web Page. 80 Unit 10 : Surfing the Internet 87 Unit 11: E-Mail 94 Unit 12 : Web Design 101 TOPIC 6: ICT ENTERPRISE.. 109 Unit 13 : ICT Enterprise 110 Test 2... 115 TOPIC 7 : PROGRAMMING 118 Unit 14: Programming 119 TOPIC 8 : COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS 126 Unit 15 : Types of Network: 127 Unit 16 : Network Topologies 136 Unit 17 : Network Components. 142 Test 3... 149Topic ICT TOOLS Topic Introduction ICT tools are devices or objects used in information and communication technology for example; computer, cellphones, cellphone towers, video conferencing, software, radio, television, laptop and others. All the ICT tools can be classified in two major components called hardware and software. Hardware consist of physical things.HARDWARE MAINTENANCE Unit objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to: (a) maintain ICT tools Looking Back In grade 5 you learned about faults in ICT tools and how to fix them. You also learned about relating ICT faults to their causes. This unit is going to teach you about maintaining your computer hardware. Hardware ~ the physical components of a computer. Software ~a collection of computer instructions that tell the computer what to do or how to work. Computer hardware Look at the computer hardware components in the picture. Can you name each of them? Discuss how you can safe keep each of these components and then read the session below. In the previous grades you learned that a computer is made up of the hardware components and software components. When you hear of computer hardware, you should think about the physical components that you can touch, and sometimes see. These can be the mouse, keyboard and the monitor. Can you think of any other examples of the computer hardware? Computer hardware componentsActivity 2 Watch a video on how to use a PC blower to remove dust from your computer. Before cleaning a computer, you should __ A. switch it on B. put on protective clothing C. switch it off D. dismantle the keyboard 2. Sugary and alcoholic liquids can _ your computer. A. damage B. repair . clean D. burn 3. One way of keeping a computer safe from dust is through —______. A. covering it with protective covers _B. cleaning it with water CC. not using it D. putting it in a locked room What is computer hardware? Give four examples of computer hardware. State how you would maintain each of the computer hardware given in number 5. Key points in this unit Hardware and software maintenance are meant to keep your PC functioning well. Hardware maintenance deals with how to take care of the physical aspects of your computer like the monitor, keyboard, CPU and the mouse. The PC should be covered and protected from liquids and dust and put ot a place where it cannot easily fall and get damaged. You should never apply cleaning fluid directly to your computer. Apply it to a brush or a cloth instead. Alcoholic or sugary liquids should also never be used to clean your computer. oan Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. Taking care of the physical components of a computer is_________.. A. software maintenance B. ventilation C. hardware maintenance D. protection 2. _________ liquids should never be used to clean a computer A. Sugary B. Watery C. Lemon D. Salty 3. We can remove dust from a computer using a ________. A.PC blower B. broom C.nylon cloth water 4. _ is not a hardware component of a computer. A. External hard drive B. Mouse C. Antivirus D. Keyboard 5. Adequate ______i is needed in order for a computer to perform well. A. sunlight B. ventilation €. space D. water10. Computers on the _________of tables are safe from falling A.edge B. center C. top D. side The _should be well before you start cleaning the computer using liquids. A. mouse B, keyboard . USB ports D.CPU You should remove the _______ of a wireless keyboard before cleaning it using liquids. A. keys B. cables C. battery D. mouse Hardware is ________. A. component that you can always see B. component that you can always touch C. computer components that we can sometimes see and touch D. all computer components You should avoid wiping your monitor in a _______motion. A.upanddown —_B. side to side €. circular D. zig-zag Structured Questions 1. PWN _----) and _are examples of debris that can build up in our computer hardware. What is hardware maintenance? Give four ways of keeping your computer safe. How would you ensure that computer cables do not endanger your computer? Which one do you think is the best way of keeping your hardware components safe? Why? Practical Questions 1 2. 3. 4. Go to the computer lab and clean the monitor and CPU using microfiber cloths. Ask your teacher to help you prepare protective covers for your PC. Clean your mouse and keyboard using a brush. Prepare plastic covers for your keyboardSOFTWARE MAINTENANCE Unit objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to: (a) run software maintenance tools. (b) schedule antivirus scans. Key Words Malware ~is the general term covering all the different types of threats to your computer safety such as viruses, spyware, worms and trojans. Fragmentation - the process of breaking down files into fragments. Defragmentation - rearrangement of the files on a hard disk for faster data access. Data backup —is making a copy of important data and storing it on an alternative location, so it can be recovered if deleted or if it becomes corrupted, Software maintenance The main aim and purpose of software maintenance is to modify and update software application after delivery to correct faults and to improve performance. Software maintenance tools are programs that you can use to increase your software's productivity for gathering data, detecting bugs and managing their software. You are going to learn about various tools of software maintenance, namely, disk defragmentation, data backup, error checking and scheduling anti-virus software. Backing up your data Data is the most important aspect of your computer. A computer's operating system may crash or data may be corrupted or wiped out by hardware problems. For example, if your CPU falls down and crashes into pieces, you may not be able to access or recover your data if the hard drive is broken. It is thus important to back up your data every time you finish working on something important. Data backup is a process of duplicating data to allow retrieval of the duplicate set after a data loss event. It is a way of ensuring that data is secure and that critical information is not lost as a result of any fault or theft.5. Select Disk Defragmenter from the list. You will need to have administrator access to run the Disk Defragment utility. Once you have selected your disk defragmenter, there will be a list of drives that are attached to your computer. Select the drive that needs defragmenting, This is normally the C: or D: drive. Now click on defragment as shown above. Let the process run, after the process is complete,After clicking on tools, you will see the check box as shown above, click on it. This option wil check the drive for file system errors. If the system detects that there are errors, you will be asked to check the disk. After you have clicked on check, you will see your check options as shown in the picture below, you can tick on any or both options. Loca Bk Profi Cloud MO) C |dlauomasety ee sytem errs TS fo and ater reamery of aa sectrs Ce Ges Click on start. aa e- - ‘ays 2 wl fo ee 9 eset ame Wa) 7 «eaves ‘tient nett emma tone Bapecowe oma mee oman L Brae * 0 sas Your computer will then show you results of your errors check. Research on different disk defragmente look for videos on the internet and watch how they work. Share findings with your friends What is the difference between computer hardware and computer software? Name one way of maintaining computer software. What is fragmentation? What is defragmentation?Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1, 2. 10. The process of breaking down files into small pieces is called__ A. defending B. defragmentation C. fragmentation — D. retrieving __physically organizes the contents of the mass storage device used to store files into the smallest number of contiguous fragments. A. Retrieving B. Defragmentation C. fragmentation _D. Ventilation The process of duplicating data to allow retrieval of the duplicate set after a data loss event is called ___ A. deletion B. back up C. fragmentation _D. defragmentation The ______ detect and fix various types of errors in our computers A. error checking tools B. antivirus C. defragmenters D. back up __deal with viruses automatically when it is programmed to do so A. Windows defender B. Antivirus C. Task scheduler D. Microsoft Defragmenters ________the hard drive data and reunite the fragmented files. A. rearranges B. split C. tear apart D. count The fragmented files lead to________of a computer. A. fast performance B. cleaning up C. building up slow performance D. slow performance Freezing of a computer can be as a result of A. data back up B, failing to back up data C. fragmentation D. ventilation Software maintenance is meant to _ A. keep the computer running perfectly _B. keep computer well ventilated C. stop computer from overheating D. help read computer commands Error checking tools are also responsible for solving issues related to _____, . as they free up space and delete junk files. A. storage B. freezing C. speed D. files Structured Questions oR eNE What is fragmentation? Define defragmentation. How do you schedule antivirus scans in a computer? What is software maintenance? Why do we need to back up our data? What happens to data if a computer crashes?DATABASE Unit objectives At the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) create and enter data into a database. (b) filter data according to different attributes. (c) use sorting tools in response to a problem. (d) design forms and reports using wizard. Looking Back In grade 5 you learned about animations and databases. in this particular unit you are going to learn about creating and entering data into a database table. You are also going to learn how to extract records using a given criteria, use sorting tools in response to a problem and create forms and reports using a wizard. Key Words ) Database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Filtering ~ is a useful way of selecting data so that you can only see what you want to view in a given database. Forms ~is a database object that you can use to create a user interface for a database application. It makes it easier to view or get the items that you want. Report wizard — isa tool that helps users quickly and easily extract data and create reports with charts and tables. Sorting ~ is arranging the stored data in ascending or descending order, or in any other way as might be preferred by the user. Wizard -is a computer utility designed to simplify the execution of lengthy or complicated tasks.tne Se 3 scm a This is how you create a new database and add data. You are now going to learn about filtering data Activity 1 Create a database of all soccer and netball players in grade 6. Include their ages and team names. Data can be organized into ________, columns and tables. A. letters B. Microsoft word C. rows D. columnar __---_-_-is an organized collection of information that is stored in a computer so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. A.Spreadsheet —_B. Excel ¢. Data D. Access Templates are __databases designed for a wide range of uses. A. prebuilt B.new €. large D. narrow When creating a blank database, you automatically create a __ . A. form B. report C. table D. MS Acces A database is made up of rows and ________. A. tables B. columns C. lines D. forms Filtering data Filtering helps you to select only data that you need to use and hide the rest. It is used to narrow down the data in your table and hide some parts of it from view. The filter tool gives you the ability to filter a column of data within a table to isolate the key components you need. Filtering is important because it allows you to specifically display and show only the data that interests you. For example, you could filter a list of learners in Grade 6 Blue to show only1. Click OK. This is how your data will appear now, you have sorted your marks in ascending order, and thus the lowest marks appear first. Precious Marara was the lowest performer with 5/20 while Dolton Muriro performed better than everyone else. He got 19/20, and thus appears at the end of our column. You can sort your data whichever way you want; you may choose to sort the ID column and begin with the last person on your database. Now try the activity below. Activity 3 Using the same database, sort your data and begin with the boys.gave to your database. Click on that database. 3. There should now appear two boxes, with one labeled available fields and the other labeled selected fields. The available fields are all fields as they appear in your database of ICT marks. 4, Move the fields that you want to include on the form from the Available Fields list box to the Selected Fields list box. To do so, double-click a field name to move it or highlight the field name and click >. To move all fields at once, click >>. 5. Click on next.Sort of order, click on drop down arrow and select. The wizard then directs you to layout of your data, there are various options, stepped, blocks, outline, and then you need to choose if you would love the portrait or landscape view. Click on next. Now you can give your report a title.Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. A________ is a computer utility designed to simplify the execution of lengthy or complicated tasks. A. spreadsheet _B. filtering €. sorting D. wizard __can help you decide what to do when designing a form. A. Report B. Filtering C, Sorting D. Wizard Filtering allows you to________. A. sort data B. arrange data C. only view data that you are interested in D. create data Sorting helps you to______. A. arrange your data B. correct data €. view your data D. delete your data The steps in creating a database are ___ A. Click on file, create and report wizard B. Click on start, MS access, file and new C. Click on create, file and database —_D. Click on database, create, new When you create a guided report, you use _ A. portrait B. wizard €. landscape D. form Structured Questions O7eeNE What is data filtering? What is data sorting? The database is made up of ___ Define a database. What is the name of MS access tool that helps in creating forms and reports? Explain how you would create a new database. and __. Practical Questions gaeNe Create and enter data into a database table. Filter the data you have created according to your preferences. Create a report-using wizard based on any database that you have. Create a form-using wizard based on any database that you have. Create a database of all teachers in your school. Include their surnames, the grade that they teach and subjects they specialize inTopic COMPUTER SOFTWARE Topic Introduction Computer software includes computer programs. This topic is going to focus on computer programs. A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task, Examples of computer programs include Kodu Game Lab, Google Chrome Web Browser, Opera Web Browser, Microsoft Office Word, Windows Media Player and many others. In this topic we are going to cover spreadsheets, software installation and uninstallation, multimedia and file management. Our main concern is on learning how to use various software to complete various tasks.SPREADSHEETS Unit objectives At the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) create a spreadsheet. (b) use formulae to perform calculations. (c) produce graphs from data. (d) search data to solve a problem (e) Sort data to solve a problem (f) Filter data to solve a problem. Looking Back In grade 5 you learnt about uploading and downloading educational files. You also learnt about creating multimedia files, editing multimedia presentations and software to compose own music. In this particular unit you are going to learn about creating a spreadsheet, using formulae to perform calculations, producing graphs from data, search, sorting and filtering data to solve a problem. Key Words Spreadsheet —an electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated and used in calculations. Workbook ~a single file containing several different types of related information as separate worksheets. Formulae ~ «a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols. Sort — the arrangement of data in a prescribed sequence Spreadsheets A spreadsheet is a file made of rows and columns that help sort data, arrange data easily, and calculate numerical data, A spreadsheet program has the ability to calculate values using mathematical formulas and data in cells. Examples of spreadsheet programs include the following; * Google sheetsTo find out how these formulas are used we are going to use the data that we have entered earlier in excel. Open the file that you have saved earlier in the documents folder. Formulas in excel always start with an equals sign for example '=A1+A2' or '=SUM(B3:B12)' Add labels for MAX, MIN, AVE, COUNT and SUM on your worksheet as shown below. Calculating the maximum value 1, Select the cell ahead of the MAX label by moving the mouse pointer and clicking inside the cell. 2. On the menu bar click on, “Formulas” LaAutosum ~ — [BD Logical~ By | BeTrace Precedents [Recently Used [E Text fa- al 8 Trace Dependents \ Names| Bi Remove Arrows + se tinction (El Financial Date Time Fundon bay Formula Au 3. Click on the AutoSum drop down arrow. Formulas ik DaAutosum + 1B Logical - B- | |; eee + De gg Function Average e&Time~ [B~ Nar Count Numbers Es Mx fe Min 4 8 More Eunctions ‘ (OR ARKS Ee5. Select the first 3-D bar. The created bar chart is shown below. = 2 NAME {MARK > > 5 2 ae ICT MARKS MARK = tra 7 a Eee Be i F q Es iq 6. Remove the MARK in front of ICT MARKS by clicking on it and pressing the backspace button to delete. ? ——— [ict Marks) The same data can be used to create other charts like pie charts, column charts and line charts. The above procedure can be used to create other chart types. Chart design can also be changed by clicking design and changing the chart style. Below is the previous bar chart with its style changed.Charts that can be produced using the above data. Column chart ceheeueuasl Pie chart Line chart Learners compete to produce three beautiful charts. Teacher judges the charts to come out with the best charts. Teacher explains why the charts are the best. Worst charts are selected and teacher explains why they are the worst. 1. To insert charts in our worksheets we select from the menu. 2. We can change chart design by selecting _______ and changing the ______. 3. List down any three types of charts that con be produced in excel.Practical Questions 1. Ina village of 100 people, 40 owned cattle, 35 owned goats and 25 owned sheep Enter this data in a spreadsheet, Use the data to create a 3D pie chart. Save your file in the Documents folder and name it using your name and class. 2. Enter the data given below in an excel worksheet. Use excel formulas to find the highest mark, lowest mark, average mark, number of students and total of the marks. Name Mark Rodney 30 Pete 92 Nyarat 63 Senzeni 47 Mudiwa 77 3. Enter the following data of students and their marks in excel. Name Mark Zione Esnath 79 Bango Shalom 88 Chihamba Tavonga 54 Sipilinga Tawanda a2 Bike Delvine 37 Jembere Limba 78 Katolo Loice 50 Moyo Zodwa 72 Baiton Promise 63 Zalila Pearl 57 (a) Sort the numeric data from the smallest to the largest and save your work (b) Sort the text data in alphabetical order from A-Z and save your work. (c) Filter numerical data using Number Filter, Greater than or equal to 50 and save your work.oa =i = c= oa = + You can now read the content of the e-mail and reply if you wish by clicking on the arrow at the top right hand of the e-mail for reply or by clicking “Reply” underneath the message. * When you have finished reading your e-mail, click back to inbox icon to close the e-mail and go back to the list of e-mails in your inbox. mai + ee eS om ae Learners send your homework on e-mail to your teacher. The homework should not include attachments. Sending an e-mail requires a ___ connection, (bank / internet / adobe) Unread e-mail is always in_____. (bold / red / blue) The _______ button retrieves email messages. (attach / inbox / send) Give one example of an e-mail address. List any two e-mail providers.Activity 3 learners attach ‘An attached document turns ____. (white / blue / black) The _____ icon is meant for attachments. (paper clip / bin / triangle) Images cannot be sent via an e-mail. (True / False) Documents are sent as ___ in an e-mail. (images / icons / attachments) Key points in this unit E-mail is short for electronic mail. The e-mail is a great way of communicating with friends and family. Before sending or receiving mail you will need a computer with an active internet connection. Use your web browser to open your e-mail account. Photos, documents and other files can be attached to an email, so that more information can be shared. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. 2. E-mail is short for _ mail. A. electron B. electric C. electricity D. electronic E-mail is similar to a except it is sent via the internet to a recipient. A. letter B. file ¢. form D. page Electronic mail is____, the recipient receives your email as soon as you go online and collect your mail. A. unhurried B. slow . quick D. good ___ internet Before sending or receiving mail you will need a computer with an connection. A. active B. inactive C. slow D. big Gmail which ends in . A. gmail.com B. mail.com €.@hotmail.com —_D. @gmailcom Outlook Mail ends in___. A. @hotmail.com —_B. hotmail.com C. @HotMail.Com —D. @HOTMAIL.COM The e-mail address is _ to every user. A. same B. similar C. unique D. identicalWEB DESIGN Unit objectives At the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) create a web page by saving a file in html format. (b) publish a presentation as a web page. (c) use web programming software to create a web page. Looking Back In the previous units you were able to explore the e-mail environment. You were also able to send and receive mail. In this unit you will be able to create a web page by saving a file in html format. In the end you will be able to use web programming software to create a webpage. Key Words Tags = special marks that you use to distinguish or markup parts of your web page. HTML — Hypertext Markup Language is a way of displaying information on web pages in your browser. Text editor —a type of computer program that edits plain text. Creating a web page in HTML There is need for a text editor and an internet browser. A text editor helps you to create web pages on your computer and the browser reads all the necessary files. Web pages can be created and modified by using HTML editors. However, for learning HTML a notepad can be used as a text editor. tyStep 1: Open your text editor Open Start Screen, type in notepad and click Notepad. Type in and press Enter. This tells the browser that this is an HTML document. Step 2: Write your HTML skeleton Set noe =~ x Type and press ENTER. This is the opening tag for your HTML document. 102Disadvantages More cables are required to set up a MAN The system might be attacked by hackers. Itis difficult to secure the whole system. Securing the system may be costly. Personal Area Network (PAN) A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an individual person within a particular building. The PAN normally operates within a radius of ten meters. This connection can be through Bluetooth, hotspot Wi-Fi and any other possible connections. Different people may sometimes use the same network and we then call it a home area network. (HAN) This sometimes occurs when different individuals are connected to a modem that provides either wired or wireless connections to various people at the same time. Let us go back to the PAN. The PAN allows you to do the following; / Digital Camera Controller A personal area network (PAN) * Upload photos from your cell phone to your desktop computer or vice versa. * Share folders and files between different devices, for example, view files that are in your laptop from a television. * Send documents to the computer for printing even when you are not in the same office or room. + Watch movies from an online streaming service to your TV, This type of a network can be found in offices, or at home where you can connect to various devices as an individual. You can connect your phone to a speaker, a laptop, television etc. One person normally manages the PAN. Advantages of personal area network * The connection does not require much space, for example when connecting a wireless keyboard and mouse via Bluetooth. + No setup costs are involved. * One can connect to any devices at the same time. © Itis easy to use. * You can set up your own passwords and authorise data sharing. * You can view files in your phone from a larger screen, for example when you connect your phone toa TV. 129* There might be risks of virus attacks. * Connecting users to an_ internet network may lead to misuse of resources. For example, you can watch videos online instead of researching. * Networked computers need regular maintenance. * Setting up computer networking may be expensive. Research on more advantages and disadvantages of computer networking and share your findings with your friends. What do you think are the similarities and differences between MAN and PAN? Write down the answers and share them with the class. Wired and wireless connectivity In computer network terminology, we usually talk of wired and wireless networks. Wired network A wired setup uses physical cables to transfer data between different devices and computer systems. These cables are used to carry different forms of electrical signals from one computer to another. Most wired networks use Ethernet cables to transfer data between connected PCs. Connecting an ethernet cable You can transfer photos from your phone to a computer using a data cable. Ethernet works or operate in a narrow range and it is little bit difficult to configure as compared to wireless networking technologies. For easy use, you are supposed to know which computer ports take what cables. Your teacher will show you how to connect an Ethernet cable.Wireless network A wireless network is a computer network that does not use cables for connection. Wireless uses radio signal frequency in order to communicate with other computers. Files and resources are shared using infrared or radio frequency signals in this particular (>) network. Wireless technologies have an advantage of reducing the time and different type of obstacles created by the cables. yj Many types of wireless devices are available today; for example, cellular mobile, handheld Wireless network PCs, Wireless network A wireless network adapter is a device that connects your PC to a wireless network. Your computer should have a wireless network adapter in order for you to connect it to a wireless network. These days most computers come with a wireless network adapter already installed. Differences between wired and wireless network Wired network Wireless network Involves cables Does not involve cables Difficult to manage Easy to install Takes more time to install Takes less time to install |. | Costs more because wireless adapters and Connectivity is not limited by location as Connectivity is limited to location users in different offices can connect to the same network Speed is high and up to 100mbps Speed is low, only up to 54mbps. 1322. In the list of networks, choose the network that you want to connect to, and then select. Connect. 3. Type the security key if required, it is often called a password. 4. Follow additional instructions if there are any. Connect to a wireless network. What do you understand by the term wireless network? What is wired network? Name one advantages of wired networks. Name one disadvantage of wireless network What is computer networking? Can you identify one advantage of computer networking? Key points in this unit There are different network topologies, the LAN, WAN, PAN and MAN. Computer network allows for the sharing of resources. Wired networks make use of cables. Wireless connections make use of radio signal frequency in order to communicate. Wireless connections use routers and access points. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1, A________is a network connection of less than one kilometer. A. WAN B. PAN Cc. LAN D. MAN 2. A______ is a network connection of within ten meters. A.LAN B. PAN c. MAN, D. WAN 3. ________is smaller than a WAN but larger than a LAN. A. HAN B. PAN Cc. MAN D. LWAN 4, Wired networks use ____ for connection A. infrared B, radio frequency signal C. ethernet D. wires 5. Computer networking allows people to__ A. share resources B. abuse resources €. monipulate resources D. borrow resources 6. AMAN connects people A. in a geographical area B. in the same building C. in the world D. far away from each other persNETWORK TOPOLOGIES Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you should be able to: (a) research on network topologies. (b) draw network topologies. (c) design network topology models. Looking Back In the previous grade you learnt about different types of network topologies. In this unit you are going to learn further about the ring, star and bus topologies. Key Words Star =is a network topology where each individual piece of a network is attached to a central node (often called a hub or switch). Ring = isc network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path. Bus ~ in this kind of network topology, all of the various devices in the network are connected to a single cable or line. Topology ~ is the pattern in which network elements are connected. Nodes ~ any system or device connected to a network is called a node. Traffic = refers to the amount of data moving across a network at a given point of time. Central hub —_— electronic device that works as a central connecting point for multiple computers in a network. 136Network topologies no 8 Network fine Topology me she TREE Topology STARTopology MESH Topology Network topologies Above are different types of network topologies. There are a number of them, this time you are going to learn about star, ring and bus topology. Other types of topologies that you can research about are hybrid and mesh as shown in the diagram above. Star topology Star topology A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) that you learnt about in the previous unit. In this network topology, all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. The attachment of these network pieces to the central componentis visually represented in a form similar to a star. The topology thus derives its name from the shape. The star topology design resembles a bicycle wheel with spokes coming from the centre. Star topology 137destination or port. After receiving a message, a switch determines where it is supposed to be sent. It does not send the message to the whole network. The switch thus provides a direct connection between a source of the message and the destination. Advantages of switches They increase the available bandwidth of the network. They help in reducing the load on individual computers. They improve the performance of the network. Switches can be connected directly to workstations. Disadvantages of switches They are more expensive when compared to network bridges. Itis difficult to trace connectivity issues. There may be problems with traffic. Security may have problems. Cables and connectors & Coaxial cable Twisted pair wire Fibre optic cable The cable transmits communication signals. The wired network typology uses special type of cable to connect computers on a network. There are different types of cables, the twisted pair wire, the coaxial cable and the fiber optic cable. The cost of fibre optics is very expensive and are usually purchased and installed at governmental level. Use twisted pair cables to connect to the internet. Software components Network Operating Systems is normally installed in the server. It helps workstations in a network to share resources like files, database, applications and printers. Another software component is a protocol suite which is a rule or guideline followed by each computer for data communication. The common protocol suites are Open System Interconnections (OS! Model) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). 146Activity 4 Use a router to connect several computers to the internet. What is a router used for? What is a hub? Name two types of cables that you know. What do we use a server for? Name one software component of a network. Which is the most expensive cable? Key points in this unit There are a number of components required when you want to set up a network. These are hardware and software components. The router helps to connect multiple computers at the same time. A hub is like a distribution centre that splits a network connection into multiple computers. The cables are used to transfer communication signals. The software components of the network are the operating system and the protocol suites. Unit Revision Exercises Multiple Choice Questions 1. Different types of servers are file, database and___servers. A. hub B. print €. unguided D. transfer 2. The server pulls and pushes —_ from the internet. A. data B. folders €. switches D. cables 3. The advantage of a server is that___. A. there is central administration B. any user can modify it C. any computer can connect D. there is less security 4, The disadvantage of a server is that. A. itis very easy to install and manage B. it works poorly when connected to users C. itis expensive to install D. no one can connect to it. 5. A protocol suite is a __ component. A. hardware B. software C. switch D. cheap 6. Amodem uses a A. telephone line B. fiber cable C. twisted paired cable D. coaxial cable 147TEST 3 Paper 1 Multiple Choice Questions (25 Marks) 1 2. 10. 1 12. 13. 14. Bp The mouse and keyboard can be cleaned using __. A.asmall broom B. water C. compressed air. alcoholic liquids Anti-virus protects your PC by — and cleaning up your computer whenever necessary. A. detecting viruses B. deleting infected files C. drying D. antivirus schedules The ____ manages the resources of a network. A. cables B. server C. router D. switch Data backup is just making a digital copy of something and different location than the original. that copy in a A. sending B.transferring _—_C, covering D. storing The Internet is the best-known example of a public, A.LAN B, PAN c. WAN D. MAN You need to keep your ICT tools safe from environmental hazards like___. A. tables, chairs and cables B. dust, water and falls C. trees, wind and dust D. tables, falls and dust Disk defragmentation solves problems that ore created by the way a disk _. A. stores data B. sends data C. receives data D. pollutes data Hardware maintenance deals with how to take care of the___ aspects of your computer like the monitor, keyboard, CPU and the mouse. A. universal B. unseen C. few D. physical Plastic covers can be used for the keyboard to keep it safe from _. A.dust and liquids B.wind and falls C. heat and rains. water and papers Wired connectivity is limited to A. space B. location C. towns D. bus topology One way of dealing with problems caused by failing nodes in ring topology is to__. A. use bidirectional rings B. use unidirectional rings C. separate the nodes D. create one central hub One disadvantage of a server is that A. itis very easy to install and manage B. it works poorly when connected to users C. itis expensive to install D. no one can connect to it Awwireless network costs more because wireless adapters and access points are __. A. expensive B. hard to get C. imported D. unique deals with viruses automatically when it is programmed to do so. A. Windows defender B. Microsoft C. Antivirus D. Task scheduler 14915. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Wired networks use for connection. A. ethernet B. infrared C. radio frequency signal D. wires Connecting devices are__. A. devices that bind the network media together B. computers that connect to each other C. printers that are connected to computers D. server and wires can help you decide what to do when designing a form. A. Report B. Filtering C. Sorting D. Wizard Filtering allows you to A. sort data B. arrange data C. only view data that you are interested in D. create data The detect and fix various types of errors in our computers. A. error checking tools B. antivirus C. defragmenters D. back up is not an example of a connecting device. A. Windows defender B. Router C. Modem D. Hub We can remove dust from a computer using a___ A. PC blower B. broom CC. nylon cloth D. water One disadvantage of bus topology is that A. itonly works well with big networks _ 8. it connects different hubs together C. it only works well with small networks D. if one node fails, all nodes are affected Modems and are connecting devices. A. servers B. wires C. routers D. hardware The. is also called a server. A. cable B. central hub C. processor D. topology Wired networks use for connection. A. infrared B. radio frequency signal C. ethernet D. wires 150PAPER 2 Section A: Structured Questions (25 marks) Answer all questions. PNOTAYNE 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 22. 23. 24. What is disk fragmentation? What is defragmentation? Write one way of backing up data List one way of preventing dust from building up in the CPU. Name two ICT tools that need protection. What is a microfiber cloth used for? What is Metropolitan Area Network? What is a router used for? Name two things that can be maintained in hardware maintenance. One advantage of a switch is that___. One disadvantage of a switch is that__. A local area network covers a radius of ___. What is a bus topology? What is a star topology? Name one advantage and one disadvantage of a star topology. A Personal Area Network normally covers a radius of ___m. Name one example of software maintenance. Give an example of an antivirus software. Name one advantage of a ring topology. If we combine a star and bus topology, we get a The ring topology connects nodes in a ___ motion. liquids should never be used to clean a computer. Name any components of a network. Name one type of network cables. topology. Section B (Answer any three questions). RON Give steps of how you would connect to a wireless network. List steps of how you would run a disk defragmenter. How do you run an antivirus scan? Name five ways of hardware maintenance. Draw a diagram showing a PAN PAPER 3 Answer any three questions gees Use your computer to schedule weekly antivirus scans. Connect your computer to a wireless network, Use a drawing software to draw a bus topology network. In one diagram, sketch a LAN, WAN and MAN. Use a guided transmission medium to connect to the internet. bi (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)