Tonsttuents Tainor ciitional Proportion by mass (%) based on the | ancty san Stim of themain and minor" | SOPsttvents ian ‘constituents. type Designation oe Clinker Fly Ash Silceous | Calcareous Se CEM WAN [804 | 620 os = |e: CEM WBN | e579 | 2135 os & |g CEM IAW | 6004 320 os 23 CEMTTEW | —6578 Fas os > 2. cemivia | 65-09 11-95" os = a3 8 S83 cemivis | 45.64 36-55" 06 @ 7 May ais be natural pozzoana Table 2 Extract from BS EN197-1, Table 1, Cement types containing fiy ash There are few restrictions of the types of fly ash permitted in cement excepting The reactive silica content shall not be less than 25.0% by mass ‘The loss on ignition (LOI) for the fly ash shall not exceed 5.0%. 7.0% LOI is permitted where allowed in the appropriate standards applicable in the place of use, ie. the UK. Reactive CaO shall be less than 10% and free CaO less than 1.0%. Free CaO contents of higher than 1.0% and less than 2.5% are permitted subject to a requirement on soundness. It shall not exceed 10mm in when tested in accordance with BS EN196-3" (Testing for soundness) using a mixture of 30% fly ash and 70% by mass of a CEM | cement conforming to BS EN197-1 — The fly ash shall be proven pozzolanic when tested in accordance with BS EN196-5%, Compliance with the various requirements for all common cements, e.g. soundness, LOI, sulfate content, etc, assures the user that unsuitable fly ashes are not used In addition to the cements permitted under the European standard, “Pozzolanic pulverised fuel ash cement" is permitted in the UK as BS 6610"°. This was revised in 1991, with a minor revision in 1996, to bring it in line with BS EN197-1. The main features of BS 6610 are summarised in Table 3.