Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Towards A Construction Industry Paradigm

    Uploaded by

    ANTHONY LUIS ZEVALLOS PORTILLO
    9 views17 pages

    Original Title

    Towards a construction industry paradigm

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views17 pages

    Towards A Construction Industry Paradigm

    Uploaded by

    ANTHONY LUIS ZEVALLOS PORTILLO

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 17
    186 Gestion de Sistemas cde Contruccion ‘TOWARDS A CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PARADIGM. José 1. Fernénder-Sl and Godfied Augenbroe? ABSTRACT ‘This paper adits te noe to “know why” we bald by Joking Sit athe systemic aaa, end amplony, ta inns be consreson industry's cre parti. An ejesve of this peo Presa how the consraion dusty’ reigning prado i die by an ebiscaing manufacturing. {diseiaarsncrng mint Under te NAICS (Non Aterican Tous Classfcaon Systm ofthe US Cons Bua) he ston nds sisted In th sevice sco of te econ tn ection 29 ane boen down {aco many caer, sch as Bulls 36) and Heary a Civ 7) Consetion x comsidred 3 “base ifuny’ ke mantacreg, mining, bing and rnin Tie ind clifton yee Imps 2 slo indala'manstcurtmsnaging piri ‘hats expced 10 ovech all indusoee “Laan (1994) and Ean (1998, 2002) ave, oer th pat en years, challenged the nt inpove fee as wall as ne quay of soup. Pare by the indy ahve hese ecole pans {oa ick oFundustnding a te systemic mtr oh nny “The autor are nterestd a teres nd pilosopi, he why” tht explant “how” festa an fot be evel ia the same igh ofa manufcturng iaicty, fen what he pada a be ‘onerueton Indust? [KEYWoRDs: ADANTIVE CHANGE, PANARCHY, PARADIGM, PHILOSOPHY, SYSTEMIC NATURE OF HE CConsTRUCTION INDUSTRY, THEORY "Tacs AM Unies, 3137 TAMU, Cale Stan, TX TEKS, he: 9-810, fe 9846 ‘Siam aaa * con nin of etn, P.O. Bax OSS, At, GA 302-1, gone: HOLES 1586 ‘ests Ambon Costin de Sisemas de Consraceién 181 INTRODUCTION \Consienble efor in construction i dedeated wy inreaing efincns bed on inproving "= Ihow hough Lean Consnucton (.), Ciel Path Nath (CPM. Las Per Sytem (Lat a ‘Tine GMT) movement atoag chen, expernents wing diferent project delivery i sah se Design Be Bul (DBD); Dose Dil (OD) Comeracston Manager a Rk (CMG) oe fy aad split of chological and iforationa yen ‘The reianing paradiga dicts that the consretion sould follow industrial tends of nereased fficines, conto, quali, productivity and overall daceaso in cost per units seen in the automobile, sipping, and aerospace industries (Ranta 1993). However, these efficiencies have ‘ot been achieved in construct. Why’? There ao several reasons to be considered: A sinple ‘answer fo his may be tat most ofthe consrston Wwe are moving oft is very ein bt it IS counted under manufacturing. So the consiction industry is measured forall the production ‘hat actually takes place on site, the instal intisiat appt. Tie sift has been going on {or decades. Construction may be getting more efcioet overall but it zaver shows inthe sta of constriction” or the argument in his paper it asa broads consequence: constrston has diversi of eub- indusies, some of which are morphing info msnufetring while ober are constrained by sock cultural movements that have allowed the arhitecirl profession to promote unigueese and expressiveness of built form a the gret commen gocd (ever eiieacy and repeatabity), The Tater s Sen shaving lower cultural vale, However we age hat perhaps te constuction indus is rail ite han manfoerring and thse industrial puracigfstthebes Ths paper addres the nla “Enow hy” we Bud By looking frst atthe astm utr, and ciple, hat informs te conction indy caret pani. INVOKING PHILOSOPHY IN CONSTRUCTION THINKING. ‘We need an unieesanding ofthe “wy as wel 2s “how” eonstrtion ooas, Te eget problens need wit technlog fequo poses claigeaton sos mach thas been writen st Eenstction's prac ndequte (Baar ard Howell 2003) nnn all fore tnt fr sro philosophers opt involved Koskela snd Kagioglou (208), shew how philosophy (anil recently considered an obscure and smtqutd fel of knowlege, and ecerdng Some, upeseded Wy slcnce and ecnclgy) nurs ‘eekow (aati), sh eles down to selene, chology, roses end rogue (ighengae 3100) Therefore we will das. the canstclon paradigm ie, ting logic epee, meas, enor pilosa hing teats funtion! knowledge concaing ou dle "Two Metarysica WORLDVIEWS: ENTITIES AND BECOMING ‘The caret wardvew ofan insti based on increases in efcloncis da can be gral, Sep oF ral thus eating the post of eeaing the taxonomy shove in Figure 1. Conscton v8 Indus is exes to achive fhe ents of ober tdi, such ssa, siping. aad stoned, 18S Gestén de Stsemas de Constroccin ‘The sraalie bean the desired efcecies of cnsmston when compared wi ter nies end sctal pate, hve fed fo am dep Scanlon of be inary” oe, 2000), egimning with its pecslantes, | seal 7 Stereo wes Toe ae | ‘ACTemental-soait Wgheied te gpea and. smnt of rc me a tonsen sade, | Yemen ket pt SES SLM | Rel —omtcttomn ff tomato and ey kon bling” | Seer realy Konkia g000,, when camming | Fig. Change Taxonomy, Adapted fom Sia ‘Stmaeshe pete of coma, (188d Kans (1983 e tobe: on of kink inst by sn assembled eam tb may Ye diferent on each rojas. Bidsng he wap becwesn constuction and onsel manufetag. lady bough fh the carat of ansoraton, fw and vl mina concept for manga’ an cone. Prhemorsetensve ‘work hs been done on te ates of pling, dipatching tod contacting. The axp btvees Tounthtrng and moral indasl (ater ae catacon efiaences and he Ek of eeences a ‘ulin consrution ndusty wa buted sa other th ny ‘One ofthe reasons fr this anomaly was advanced by Keskaa and ioe (2001), i tha te ‘seestucton Ins Inks i own Boy of tevin es ath Ted tt te Pst eration Symposium an the Thay of he Bult xvroament 007 Sar, U. "THE SYSTEMIC NATURE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ‘Two main apes of eansoucton are of paras teres and in ead of tr dein: ene tes to {3B underading ofthe yeni nate of bulking oosrucon as an “indy” an the oho i Srompleuy.""‘Furmore we poste tat the iervined,Aoanie comple sharers of ‘ling eoestcton (Nam and Tatum 198) ihe trea wre can ober & prea cor ‘he peal comer The indus sector als foms te a « Pepto Ielgromd where he stems fomponers, su-sems, pps, verdes and anuctces reid. Hens, bing conven, manic proses at we Gest de Sistemas de Consracclin 198 Inve see, is racked bythe nation or rely pin the word inn” Berle 2005) gouge 14 (ofthe compler system strats (kee Gam Lear 2004, Nam and Tatu 988) tte fee ‘rviously noted eaugoiee Weave ken his st exanded othe fill 8 element (20 Tle fon {as (200, 2008, 2005) = séded infomation om Kosei (200) nd Shingo (1988), Te lowing ‘expands Luc’ definition ofthe element and oneution Sopa 14 Autonomous Agents: Seales are varied, not ini, with difering perspectives and inst, wh change ver ine NowStandard: The syste sbeteogcocous nd allows vaylg uncatonsover ine Ce-Bvlitio (s-orgataion) The pars evolve in conintion wit ac ter a deo ‘tino awe yt ‘SalrModiteain: Pars en change their stocasons oc cametvy Hea. ‘Downward Caweston: A syst ered up of pty sd te prs red by the emergent Properties oie whol sy, SaReproduetion The syste cn rept alt ‘Matabiity: Random eral changes may over in the syste, Fanzy Functions: The oval aon (ros) a he ate eo crohed 21 Undefined Values: The mean of be syste’ nrc with is environment et sped a he 22 Fines Te davon faces can bended sing the coef es dap, wh loca ‘pins ud lobe tna ta erative nd amis 23 Nom Uniform: The sytem i fen ad evolves inte ho repens to intemal ad ener demand 3.1 Nomina nonqliovin) ‘The yen pts i om olivia sie kes ry 3.2 Emergence: System propa ars Neherovel net-ytemicfoctins of the en (Page, 1986) emerge peonmens favel for specifies Yo generics abd le Vesa se Wel 8 em systensto ambi and vc ver. 33 Atwactrs: The system has mille dynamic structs; ean be le fer & while, Be no pean, 54 Phase Changes: The odhack may les to sulden jun tanther relatively le pa. 35 Unpredketabity: The syste is hotly sense tis inal conditions| 36 Instability: Over the longterm step changes a extasuophes oc. 3.7 Learning Organlation: Th rpnization eles by leasing from experens and es ‘The sate ofthe at esearch in per evened piations drives tes complex cures the cimaructonindsty. Laas 18 characte as gleoped ty Bertelsen 2005) (ond espe in this ‘uly wit the headings proved by Kaskel (200) and Shingo (1988) se then eld wag 2 ‘icon Rikon seven sls fr comple thinking Comply and flex athe ain't ‘enn of systems tt allows expending complexiy doles to ehewe wef gas such as Incase Finstoaliy, ficiency ander Neb. For example, weno sneer te te sn grospe etd 196 Gestén de Sremas de Conrecciin by Bete @2008>sutaamoas ages, ndeied ales end nonncarynas they apely to baling astuction sng ston inn prone “Table 1 Complex Systems Koskela: Tasfbeaton | value Flow ‘Stinger _Openons __| Vale Prose Li awioromous Ages [2.1 Undefined Values [3.1 Now Lieariy 12Nen Sanda 22 Fines Laniscpe | 3.2 Boerpece 13 Co-Evolten 23NowUeifem [3 Awactoe 14 Sele Modieton 34 Plas Changes 1.5 Dovaward Caution 35 Unreality 1.6 Selfeproductin 3.6 stability (arab) 1.7 Mui 5.7 Learn Oralaion Autonomous Agents Comslexsystons, sud as bling contraction, are compote af independent or aunoeous agents hat ‘so eae By desis, o permanent eecve odecng node exist ite sate, hs cn Struc of lesderhip tht emerges trogh elongation, This serpin Raut, 1995) ‘lve and ease an emergent contol srt for he pods th proces (Abceiwmi:2008, ‘These eluates hihlahtnoocineaiy,eaming opin (Edmondson and Moingson 190), selturganzaton, sn downward proces cauaon, wih igh Vali and href pred, ‘The suonomous aps clement ie fond betvou levee af the schema (xbonacior, system components eonsocton services, design secs}, © well as win each leval (ce. eoration Service). or empl, eomsrocon seve, oe etoamaus group (le femal sonal suc) ln the proj wih » managements plnringand-spatch modal and anther sane op (efor cone! sate) bls the project where sefmodietnseanng ergata ‘wah ugredcwbity and vary exablsh nomi reaton fom the formal ootol Seuetce ‘Kostels and Howel 202) A design Is unguely crewed for the ne ofsknd on-site poet by a team asd for the tsk (Garyig rom projet proj) when neste co-evolution of () the proces (8) the rant nd (0) the pret hati umique fo the pele This cvevohtin of steycnts as of te cated “ines ndeape” and achive te loa anc" (eas expand inthe est seta) whe Keeping ‘mpd te gobel maximum tht as bon (emits erties varying depres), ut an Cage ‘hg te project's gestaon. New materia mtd, design slton, poses and ots ee sie ‘madican nds lesning orenion ened Vales ‘he boundary ofa system ln he balding constton arena i not ntl specified and eras in ymuanic communication to Bt Ince ha, ek emerging ‘he cone of fee lndcape this snk eles the ning of he lal opinn igh grou, foreach pat of te prjc, the proses Gestin de Sistemas de Consracetin 197 sd the creation (bit dsign or cnsnson or bot). This advanced tough mutts in regard {O'an cabled (Arey, ively or implied) ‘lative plat! optimum int bana tt betes sly cost and tioe a Well as efckoey ad efetvenss, However, hs proces docs et occ oe Sel but at mlievet nthe sem, crating 8a enviroment of egos wih 0 global optima pose a major daactersi of eomple stem and ta 3 wick problem. ‘The undefined vale aves othe nonstandard ep ow ferm enoakindpodict an press that Iuppeas in space 2d tine The eeem af asocitom ar movement permis te eanpag and d= ling or ae asthe welorgsaiaton scr fuel the proces at wel asthe pode Ths {ymamiefeadom ans towards ihe goa of eng vale, abet undefined, se Sal seo Ths vale ‘tas even i poet es up in cou, as E genet Value oe the eon Syn the capers af ‘her tables, Every projet elses (xplicly of imply and to varying degre) ite oom economic finest lundscape, quality fines lndcap,perenance fess ndsepe end cet Ress landscape ing ie ‘nal design tage. Fines lndape eis ses san be siered ef tht emampses, oes, he encoder ng bung prormance nse “the mare of the projet haiti noo re lone,” sate Basle 2005), Tis fines lndsape oles. From the gain se he deslen and produion (caseucon) ‘monet difrng possible combinations called Projet Delay Systems However, he fest Janda seme with he bung constuction seco, he nda sac, he gone eanoy a8 sci ste fo mene afew usta, aswel a dowasteam wih subeoneacto ad Yendors Each Dose conbution evemaly ats te proj’ lol pia (cmponet of pa) sr wel a the rejects plobl optimum. Tetfe lac optins, de to he lorerentond egret, acre, Base changes aed varity (nes), cee local pina an soba open mu lowe hah xpcatons ‘Unpredicable cal opin has hoe th mae mse (Fer 1983, Onan 196, lohnon 1995, Wine HG) wer comparg bude canstaton wit ol sactrs sh a8 anticring react (aster el 104; Voodjk and Vioet 2003), his and ere complex systems fesse ba wih Aieringpaanetrs and ccd snares The drive Schnd he move towne a manufatring based fmstueton indsty ia dese fr nese fishies, rodsing leo or Ibe, fn ot Indoses (Laan 1998, 196; Egan 1998, 2002) In tr opinion, the constuction diye {Eagmese, 1 Naw to be rami (Ginn, 1996 Fyke 3002; Woudhayeen ad Abe 208). However, Dickson (003) views industy outs and oxomes as impor, wala, le adon 10 Casing diverse, open and he edu a eretingt eslebte Tae yt canting sins is that mamaictrng as its presently coeiued for mass podacton an is nodosa Fi and infty that rans cotmry o tho design abd comsuction insti ie caret ntigurion. Bereles (2005) cbse, and we concur, dt tee “dbs nut exists abole optimum” frs pet, ‘hus the tet soles dpedent ee tom's reaver states cue ta aug ‘elite iain, with ste ofthe ns paformnce faced using design couple wits ol beg ammistoning pan (MIBS 199), can eblsh "oie best soln” orl optimum” tt on Sve ass project goo! (Ales 2001). However, tis pralyprolons wit able opis ‘elon th ae wicked problems since th preonns Ganges he soltion valves. ‘he project represents an emerging pyle! stuchss, and emerging process, thvgh an emerging cgatzton i Ue nd apace wih nereasng ere prose andthe tea of gen pee ‘due Tis als llhups sonar in the pare sneer he Clon, ends op ing vale ll level ofthe pene seo and ths he lengeviy and ope subtree ida, where wari sey comply cancers 198 Gestion de Sttemas de Consrvccin Nom Lineaiy Compleat ar nol: aut reno proporaa the pus; th wae ere Som) the sm of spars A roofs just ots house without ohana ee ai, fy ‘he projec elf ac 06 dytamie atraor for an erersng oration of otherwise date Sstkebldes, autonomous ape wih allnce to thr pare organ, Howswe ti tray Hoje crganastion for space and ine sltonanzs i formal and infra surest 2 serves PPofaeion and proces ssten. The projet dynam conus mule tad sometimes conning acon erating «uric of posible nd sieretbehvite wane poe Salon aed etek Projets by the "varying tenn” fica Wid project “paren” ease fo bing i ita the ‘Same conicing econ (se lack est 200 for sucess ators nd Beet), “Te nial configuration ofthe team is scant fay thas, x mie of tors erate the sytem sto ta, coupled with pase changes snd milesones whee Wastons occa, st only pace the roe he “edge of cha” bt i also a cul hisery Yo cape fly fr eons Larned exeres {nt weed eel a learing epson Tete tania eel pi a cme foung ‘Be sat (poet proces wd exmzatoe) fo selmi selCarganite and c-evalvet manag he fines landscape, lost opia ad global opium Th prot eranzaton's ined tie sizes oes otal iio emege ton igh las, een its an erent om he fl evel ‘sateen vo opm Gap erin fd heyy, ch Foe In aay industry, such sino ree he igh sk ee nd eee resu salem hat it ‘eves conta e's lng oj rao at tums moving fam one pet oe et sxe. ‘Gooafa kind slurs ave dssase, and less leaned rely ep (orate duce ‘ny insurance prefs tut became 2 altro eapare lemons ltmaed tb ep tt gh sided, regulatory Tamer ad ode). 1m ulngs, understood as an assy of syste (a syntem of ryt) th wished ar ofthe ign 1 well ste constuction proces and the char ef ae a sole som (Bee ad Emma 43005 Enmit 2005; Pris ea 200) ale & pss sd mos probe th sll ieee etecn Stehoes wl eed owas aif solar, erent process ad ie projet eats note words cha ety to il anions makes a oj ich nutes ven avon ‘om plans and Vari, ths fim the conept of contextaiy of cooley ‘The mos etal daisons hy the sakeboies ae acted by the dipesion aide towards what cently becomes the pees ving pipe: cos val or aul. which ching hovgowt ie oj phases and durin beyond te ial constuction, ts it ek "The exes imped ot [fered atinde of he sakeblies, inclu an sollosivey, ncedues tera fo cans hat ‘magid trough he project The online he poet caer ough th no-leey of ie ‘ning constcton subset, the nondneuiy ofthe idisty nd te gear econeny. Thre onal levels of nomlinetywysteam and downsteam create complex Ayame mechani at ‘ost Inpossible sly tlie rr dem ‘Last, balling costtion sete in socal system wih varying team where cammunictons aed ophton ae emergent panama in ech projet. Cooper based onthe projet act ft ‘Smmon bebavioy sometines bsed on expense snd performs bur ofetines bse ow be (Common teat stablize te poets cooper (Belen 200) “nears good x bad way tseuing he “poet clr” The este, however reflow a te cheats ea nous oF Be Inge soil lire ta isdes cooperating a Dein bavi log ie a myriad ofthe sch pes of behave, Thus cue dt sneer Jimenson of enprediseili, with nusber of ‘Sat i depares disturig do“ euture”eabity in amy woersen Wass. Gestion de Siemas de Cnstrocciin 199 This anys of camplouly Intuit consrasion does nat pretend o be exhmstine. Hower ists how the projet, process, emerpentoraizticn, tre andthe othe nentone carts ‘of compen, sath a asorormous aes, wdefined ‘lve and notineaty, we ited We Pestle thatthe dichotomy of prjeproze in bling consruton fe 0 thar ta tty be ‘Serine thts bung fa poet howe emrget sd nse quay tht of rcs whee the Frojt, alongwith organ ad all the sipping ntworks of sence and pri, foms the Fintan eet ofthe proces. In Palmers QUO, 2004) emily, ta mesyscm feed ‘yn prox wh vo xt, oat and procs, ad eveything at Some wihn he Soudan of ht ‘ade wll ner theirs roel quien The projec ies eens, le the poocese ‘sins movement, i ifereninion aes ob ade, ates a eal iy re oe bees hey re ‘muuallycodependn, anther castes of he pando in nt-aking ‘CONCLUSIONS We ve analyzed par and ean stl point of depart for an ng ino he atu of syste tat oud hlp det the necsay apd siciencharereriste tha all so glia he see ru ofthecastruction iba CConsrcin's wining paradigm of tring an “indy” doesnot ge capt the compete tsnteaded iste pooas of owing infaorocare andor a balding Te dates of sxc [yen apts dynes de tothe nate of Ws comple Theaplaton of coment eens inprove eieey and effective contin to ginerate sigue diferenoes been expecatons snares, These ereaoes pot names boast carent prs and ey, 1e te concept or prooteery that views eonsction ss meteindsy has mat, we concetaly

    You might also like