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1s 0.UN 8 syoU oF ACTS OF WORSHIP From Ibn Balban’s The Supreme Synopsis Akhsar al-Mukbhtasarat OE MUSA FURBER INTRODUCTION All praise belongs to Allah, who gives a deep understanding of religion to whomever of His creation He so wishes. May prayers and greetings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, the trustworthy one who was strengthened with His clear Book, who held fast to His strong rope <.e., Islam or the Quram, and upon his Household and all of his Companions. shags } | | ‘THE SUPREME SYNOPSIS To commence: It crossed my mind to abridge my book titled “Kafi al-Mubtadj” (“The Novice’s Sufficiency") on the figh of Imam Abmed bin Hanbal (the one who was patient in [following] the Originator’s judgment cduring persecution) to bring it within reach of novices, facilitate its memorization for desirers, and reduce its bulk for seekers. I named it “Akbsar al-Mukhtasarat” (“The Most Abridged Abridgment”) since | have not encountered a shorter Hanbali text amassing its topics. | ask Allah to make it benefit anyone who reads it, memorizes, or ponders it, For indeed, He does answer supplications. And [I ask Allah] to make it purely for His noble sake, to draw closer to Him in the luxurious gardens [of Paradise]. My success and protection are through Allah alone. I rely upon and return to Him. PURIFICATION iptgball Ss Categories of Water There are three «categories» of water. Yess The first «category» is purifying. It is water that remains as it was created. It includes «a type that is» offensive, such as what has changed due to mixing with a non-soluble substance «e.g., camphor or grease. This category also includes water changed by sea sal. It includes «a type that is unlawful, and does not lift [an indi- vidual’s state of] impurity yet removes filth.' It is stolen water . It is water changed «even slightly» by filth not located in the place being pu- tified or water that has encountered filth elsewhere while being a small quantity. Flowing water is akin to stagnant. A large quantity «of water is two qullahs, which equal 107 '/7 Damascene rifls [162 liters, 42.8 gallons*]. A small quantity of water is less than this. Containers and Animals ELS poy Hs She ahs Vg Fath Every container is permissible to acquire and use unless it is [made of] gold or silver, or soldered with either. However, a small amount of silver solder is permissible when needed. ‘The containers and clothes of non-Muslims are [presumed] pure so long as an item is not known to be filthy. 2. See Ibn Jami‘, Al-Fawa’id al-Muntakhabat, 1:22. PURIFICATION The skin of an unslaughtered animal «that became filthy by dying» is not purified via tanning. All of its parts are filth, except its hair and the like e.g., feathers and wool; as these remain pure when they are from an animal that is pure while alive, or an inedible animal like a cat or something smaller Anything separated from a live creature is akin to an unslaugh- tered creature of its type «in being pure or filthy». Going to the Lavatory oil 52 Calg EAI (1.45) Cleaning oneself with water or stones or their like [istinja?| is obligatory for everything exiting [the waste Passages] «whether rare (like worms) or common (like urine)» ~ except flatulence, pure substances, and whatever does not defile «e.g., kidney stones». Soon WCE ys Sed i cali a 65885 SY 2 Cal gil a LS Gigs 2th coe Sag ede gle BGS LS et at KG IDG ool 5 Ads Ue BE ahs Habel 5 pai ah co ati (85 Jes 1 9 5 JS ats BSE YE Sly dace Si ests ds It is recommended to say when entering the lavatory “Bismi Llab, Allabumma inni a‘idhu bika mina |-kbubthi wa I-khaba@ith” (“In the name of Allah. O Allah, verily I seek protection through You from male and female devils.”) and when exiting THE SUPREME SYNOPSIS Sabnafntened abdanndie Litladi laddi wdbbaba ‘ami al ede ee IRENE ess, Praise belongs to Allah, (SGrant me Your forgiven and cured ne"), who removed harm from me {When going & the lavarory] sit is recommended: to cover the Peaks to Wear sandals; 60 Sep) in with one left and favor it when sittings to exit with the right (opposite C0 the mosque, sandals, and the Tike egy CnteHNR schools and wearing clothes); to distance oneself Ih vacant areas; tO seek soft ground for urination; to wipe the penis with the left hand atrer urinating, from base to tip three times; and to tap it three tines, Boe Space hes AW) JW BwEPEIOES & 4? ' ; oe wee BR ate ores debs y dee oe oP BS agelg BS GUS ad GS Jp aviga dass 1p alg Stabs Iris offensive to enter the lavatory with anything bearing mention ‘of Allah Most High; to speak therein without need; to lift one's garment before drawing close (0 the ground; to urinate in crevices and the like egy holes, burrows and dens; 1 touch one’s penis with the right hand without needs to face the sun or the moon it being unlawful to face or tum one’s back to the direction of prayer when not in [or denween] buildings; to remain longer than needed to urinate in a trodden path or the like @.g5 shaded areas in summer, sunny areas in winter, places where people congregate for permissible conversations and to urinate under a fruit-bearing, tree with fruit chat is sought avhether or not they are eaten. « fee SSicasl LS sLesyi jet te 5 PES welt pk PURIFICATION Jaks LaF 985 Labs plies o3y, hs E955 sli eee VE Itis recommended to clean oneself via istijmar «with stones and their like and then with water. urine or feces, or a large amount of other filth dike vomit, blood, and puss» exiting from the rest of the body; <3» loss of consciousness — except for light dozing from someone standing or seated;

eating camel meat; «@ apostasy and everything that requires taking the purificatory bath except death; «7 touching the unsevered front private parts or the anus of a human being with one’s hand «including the palm, back of the hands, or the edges of the fingers or hand; and, <8 touching someone of the opposite sex with arousal without a barrier. But «touching does» not «invalidate ablutiony when the part touched or doing the touching is the hair or tooth or nail, nor when it involves someone less than seven years old. 12 PURIFICATION de Beds Neigh gts 35 lilt | tht 5 Gas V5 The ablution of the person touched is never invalidated, cat- egorically [»uflagan] «regardless of arousal and the ages involved». Whoever has doubt about ritual purity «after being certain of ritual impurity> and ritual impurity «after being certain of ritual purity bases their actions on their certitude impurity in the former, and purity in the latter. sie Wile Ivo e seed . of ieee 5 Ht 85 wighs 5 at fi ese [2 B55 ape BU sen ah sept} phe dens § E95 wal It is unlawful for someone in the state of minor ritual impurity to touch the printed Quran [musbaf|, pray, or perform circum- ambulation. [It is unlawful] for someone in the state of sexual pollution [janabah] and the like «e.g., [after the end of] menstruation and lochia to do the same, recite a verse of the Quran, or remain ina mosque without ablution. Occasions Obligating the Purificatory Bath See ply « ple Seven occasions obligate the purificatory bath: «1-2 the exit of fluid typically released during orgasm [7am] from its orifice with pleasure; and its moving «from its source, even if it does not exits <3> the insertion of the glans of the penis into a vagina or anus ~ even into an animal or a dead being - without a barrier; «ga non-Muslim entering Islam; THE SUPREME SYNOPSIS «5» death; «6 menstruation; and, 7 lochia. 5 pos Ves east lasts its ces eth se BBG ES AS AES GIA Le JS cay : ge fis loss of consciousness unaccompanied by ejaculation; «% irregular vaginal bleeding (for each prayer); «o» entering the state of pilgrimage [ébram]; « staying the night at Muzdalifah; and, <1 throwing [stones] at [the three] pillars. REY ples pad Whig Le; A woman undoes her braids [when bathing] due to menstruation and lochia ~ but not [when washing] for sexual pollution [janabab] when the water reaches the roots. HES 5 Jey si O15 Gy - z - 351655 14 It is recommended to use one mudd [0.51 liters] of water for ablution, and one sa° [2.04 liters] for the purificatory bath. It is offensive to waste water. ; If one’s intention for the purificatory bath is to lift the state of both minor and major ritual impurity, or to lift impurity without restriction, both are lifted. 14 PURIFICATION It is recommended for someone in a state of sexual pollution [janabah] to wash their genitals, and to make ablution for cating, drinking, sleeping, or repeating intercourse. It is better to perform the purificatory bath for these. Itis offensive for someone ina state of sexual pollution [janabab) to sleep without making ablution. Dry Ablution Shook SN ck AU paz 1 3 tt tb peti fas (ci) s oe 2 5 = Methe se oe of oe SEU YS Se fads La se sl dts 3 : ha . ¢ UE aly 2p 55 JES 0 3-3 lb i edeey Ge Ce oy Dry ablution is valid with «eight conditions»: «1-5 the intention; being a Muslim who is sane, has discernment, and having cleaned oneself of filth via stones or water; «6 using purifying earth that is permissible [to the user] and contains dirt; «7 the absence of water due to confinement «of the water from him, or him from the water or the like «e.g., enemies cutting off their water, or not able to draw water from the welb; or due to fear that using or secking water will be harmful to his life, property, or another «e.g., human or animal, or it being needed for cooking, or it being sold far above its typical price»; and, «8 when the time of an obligatory [fard] prayer has entered or a non-obligatory prayer is permissible. It dry ablutiom is performed for everything done with water — except for non-bodily filth [e.g. on the clothes].* 4-In the original text, this line comes before the one above it. It has been moved here to keep the conditions together. 15 SUPREME SYNOPSIS 2 tt Gas ce eis Gee ih BSN i If one found water but it is not sufficient for purific. uses it [for ablution] and then makes dry ablution. ation, one One makes dry ablution for a wound when one would wash it if it is not possible to wipe it with water, and [one] washes the ealthy [parts Bg igri aa a a wound on some of the limbs of ablution must observe the order for raising minor ritual impurity when making ablation [...]. Consequently, one makes dry ablution for a wound when one would wash it when it is healthy. So if the wound js on the face in a way that he cannot wash any of it, he makes dry ablution first and then completes ablution, If the wound is on part of his face, he chooses between washing the healthy part and then making dry ablution for the wounded part; or making dry ablution, and then washing the healthy part and continuing ablution. If the injury is on another limb, he must wash whatever comes before it and then do as mentioned with the face. If the injury is on his face, hands, and feet, each limb needs a dry ablution where it would [otherwise] be washed in order to preserve the order. If he were to wash the healthy part of his face and then make a single dry ablution for it and his hands, it would not suffice [.. [The above applies] if it is not possible to wipe the injury with water. If it is possible to wipe the injury with water, it is obligatory and suffices since washing is commanded and wiping is included just like someone who is unable to bow and prostrate but is able to nod must nod. [In such a case, one also] washes the healthy (por- tion of the limb]. 5. For the sake of clarity, the basic text has been presented first without com- mentary. The following paragcaphs present the basic text grouped together with its commentary grouped separately and edited slightly to increase clarity. 16 PURIFICATION One who has a wound on some of the limbs of ablution is also required when making ablution to observe consecutiveness when lifting minor ritual impurity, so he is required to wash the healthy [portion of the limb] with every dry ablution.» el 6855 i eli Libs Secking water is a condition. If he forgot that he can obtain water such as forgetting that one can buy it or has enough to purchase ip and made dry ablution, he must repeat [whatever he prayed]. 64F5 Ets AS 985 Its obligatory actions are «foun: «1-2 wiping the face and the hands up to the wrists; and, 3-4 when performing dry ablution for minor ritual impurity

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