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  • 1-Understanding The Concept of Victims of Crime SHORT HISTORY OF VICTIMOLOGY

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    1-Understanding the concept of victims of crime SHORT HISTORY OF VICTIMOLOGY

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    19 views3 pages

    1-Understanding The Concept of Victims of Crime SHORT HISTORY OF VICTIMOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    Rico Espano

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    10112922, 326 PM ‘Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Module 11 Key Issues: 1. Understaning the concept of vitims of eime Topic one - Understanding the concept of victims of crime and a short history of victimology Victims of crime have long been neglected within the context of criminal justice proceedings that prioritize bringing perpetrators to justice. This changed, to some extent, in the 1960s, when the civil rights movement brought about far-reaching political, legal and social changes in many areas of life. Among other developments, this led to increased attention to the role of victims in the context of both social and criminal policy. Moreover, and in parallel, the study of victimology emerged as a scientific field, complementing the study of crime and criminology. A brief overview of the historical developments of victimology as a discipline is useful to understanding the complexity of achieving justice for victims in contemporary contexts Victimology emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, when criminologists, including Hans von Henting, Benjamin Mendelsohn, and Henri Ellenberger, examined the rapports between victims and offenders and emphasized that both were connected in a reciprocal relationship. However, this early scholarly work did not focus on the needs and rights of victims but rather on the question of how victims contribute to their own victimization. Early criminologists explored, for instance, how reckless or careless behaviour could attract the attention of robbers or thieves and make it easier for them to carry out a criminal act. In his book The Criminal and his Victim: Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime, Hans von Henting (1948) attempted to identify the characteristics of a typical "victim", ie characteristics that could be viewed as effectively increasing the victimization risk of that person. While this approach may seem out of place today, as an example of "victim blaming" (i.e. holding the victim of a crime or wrongful act entirely or partially responsible for the harm that occurred to them), von Henting nevertheless made a noteworthy contribution to criminology by emphasizing and demonstrating the importance of the victim in what Mendelsohn (1956) later called the "penal couple" of the victim and the offender. Early victimologists understood that one must take interest in victims to properly and comprehensively study the offender. From the 1970s onwards, the focus shifted towards exploring approaches to prevent victimization, with an increasing interest in, and recognition of, the multitudinous forms of harm and adversity experienced by victims. In fact, contemporary victimology recognizes that victims require effective responses concerning reparation, restitution, having a say in their case, and that they are in need of dedicated victim support services and legal aid (Kirchhoff, 2010; Wemmers, 2012, 2017). This notion was further accentuated by the contemporaneous rise of cognate professional fields such as psychology and social work that have contributed to an increased awareness that victims require hitpsiwuwunade.org/ed/enlrime-prevention-ciminal-ustica/module-11/key issues! —undk Standing the-concept-o-vcis-of-

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