A esiie The typology of Balkan e\ and areal linguistics Victor A. Friedman Universi of Chicago An cxplanton of vidi nth Balan langage mit ak th al {Sn polo acts ino aut he ae wo types ope {ponsnaed mening naa vet cntnate snd ‘income, Pomoc ofa mated ofits pemecoft ‘prt onl anganes bt he grammtelatin of thse ‘ncnings ovr prs in te Basis due oe cor The ‘dsiacton betwen tering ceed no eiting ona the cen ‘fnew erst come econ doesnt mp smorpcloto he tpumatcae vdetay inthe Balan thereon ue a coat {hat consider song os and det ddan aris nt nate sacar ands co al els aya 1 Introduction In compusinglnguicpheomens when wo oe mare ngage playa ob sera dee of simi thre te thee mur Sources of explanation: 1) de Communities tht had devdoped previ in lation ors one spate) ‘he working of marl endencs in human lng tht elt in sine phe omens. Theft and sand of thee =the former uence “petior genoa he ater “ar” — both insole historic acount of Hamp 1977279)! The thi explanation, which can we the oa of poly to de ic the role funeral rama (eFC 9830-1) a amps eens, Schr ater than dari altough Crof (195020329) rates mare treet aplstons of ploy to dacvonc questions Wih ead ofa fseratne eplinationsloeph (2082425) ages that wre reins, not erate ruse the poof contact einen paket et inthe sped feature the sccurnlaton of wbich are charac a Sprachbund? Ts, {rel verso pola explanations emerge at Key ie in allan inguiice Grammatialind evidently i oer ced aban example of the ifoece of Turis o the stature of Balan Savi andor of bani (Coe 19101911 Gola 196 Kone 1965: 148) albough acount mpeting tie ogi ano ‘ets (Demi 1971 cao edna 1978 swell 8 Van Wie 193; Huey 1973), However various general marks on Balan gui the fl tomer ‘ion this cago on bes teat a tral ceverpondene betwee Th nd Balan Sv or Aun, sin Sel 1980 119-2 Schl 1975:79, 9 Feu 198667; Aurora 1988-203 206 and Dei) 1941691712 fate ‘pres the nonconrmatine event complex of rains Lies, Whitney (ass 295-296 noes "Asodingo the Hinds rammarian the Sat pero Ise inthe naration of ts ot tne bythe ara: but here 0 ence ofits being the xls or dsintvly so employed at ay pete In Tal, a Naive American langage of southwestern Org, the inferential ‘snot wd in connected marae dept is mening of indirect experenc. In pt thie is cs "te conta we of rete uncommon Inert forms trou have been ea ins andborious (Sapir 1922158, However the “Tk interes frequently in “eta guestions of ange supe wonder and iswery ff fer grans oft for some ine” (Sapt 92200, “Th the Tals infrental daly the pil combination of aia ed indice easing” Wor nating here the amit ws ofthe preteen Nordic langges Swe De yr dic acre! Finish Olas nat ‘eis ht as) igo! (eg 2h. Educated aie seats of Nowa igs who ae lent in gis eal this sage in thee Engh Thus. for ‘ramp pon secing a handmade cata UN cera pot the cee {tc «Swed, commented 10 mein Engl: “Thar was ie dai” (1984), Sn Swed profewor once rented upon the Bis sp of white wie That tres wine™ (1/2001 cE emp (11), 1 cee fom the poi of view of “emantis that the easing sisted with he noncnfmatv cide com Pl report inference, sara, supe) can beexpresed by he sae er forms In anguge that ave not Ben in contact with one another This roping yi sa homens not an agument sgsinst an acl exlaation rte development ‘an grammatcalzatin of uch complexes of meaning i speic cses. Scent explanation ny definition diacronic acountrarguent mst ‘ko make ws of dahon fac nthe cae ofthe evident comple, theo ‘et cg etary) Turkish monuments tea diy an opposton between thet and mips much ke that of modern Teri (Thin 1968 192-199, {tthe sme time evidetty was not encoded ln Grek Latin, o Ol Church Slavonic ao a mated above, eee convincing evidence om Snr. The ne sera of evidence ancecning the sya ofthe acetr of Albanian ates 1 the pstpsed dite Hamp 982) a soot afl Huey (1979) hab Served hatte phenomenon of thi pean airy omiion aed in Olé Church Saenz and van Wik (1988 has ted evidence fom «meal (et ‘Teepe fan deny ad angi {Church Slavonic pian that sages aerzations between the perc nd simple preterit Chath Savon was being ed in + protein ain, ‘ice inthe original Geek the srt i we thoughout Alvan pron ted heres 20 (20) Oi nayk? vty | mony smi)? [OL Soni (liter Leamedeo old.” and new eames fs tit | onda? ase ree enn. igh jel ‘oth and bivinganwsrst oldaan sid him Bilder 260 ee ee Sit wordt and thd cad and me on eer mc300 De ions” are’ vie ome ty herbs and brvingansered oldman sid him. apd you sansbube oie othe hospitality yuchaseLro fom self “Father {Terl [FD) the OL and Now Testaments by ea [bor ‘nou. Ath old man anowerig it. baving answered) si Youve fle Pte ai wich wor C1 andthe hed said ine Ges as srown Pt in heat i ire Andthe ok man answeig it ating ‘cel thay (P| ty ‘According to van Wk the fist tw brothers (the son, not ited ee a Alloge ig thesame ese forma thet) we these preter to desibe 'etion hath perf themes ad tho me sete perf Deca be trot pret nthe ae fhe thd brates the action in the per ben Uhebroter ims witness ony there wheres the ld ma ase the Simple preterit therbydemomstng thatthe boise ofthe perf in heist two encounters was ot mated by a dei to ao the ead peson sort, which eta tte thid person, Van Wik sages that he ld ma se of "hesnpe peter the td encounter emphases the gravy ofthe ie tit ‘kind footie. Foe Atanas, Demi (1971) cts evidence of aati ‘eg rom the eat extn Aanan fests, Bt since thee were ot writen the sateen cet ther evidence ot die forthe period pre ‘contact with Tks The situation fr Romani sins the ces ets hte om the sieeth century. ‘The morphological sort dewopment in Baka Svc revant wo tbe re of evidently wre cored ith 2 sre of semantic and dicoane Pragmatic devapments Thee ae sammaritd in Table 8 (hed on Flan 157619883:“les Sapesiadevapment of alan Svc vient ‘tous (in ln Sn prc fb (me nay Ssh (0h etary, ae uprated 3h ey Sine pst PD deep mrtg ated cotta Baan er Sue2 npr on dos nor acnaad as Bal ese ‘uy Rise of hapten Weston Mor (1% ney comes ‘hd psn slay Pn WestreMacdonia pills Ester oe Son at ra ra los Soe Ft ei se ae ge Compton Pande’ ee Catal Mann i al). Sloped Deine’ expands sui (Oh Sg Ros are ae Er), lined att oon Sune SPL Bt ats are Ko ‘These developments rea in the dsstolgialdtsibuton of morphologia ‘goss given Table (asl on Fridman 198) ‘les, Isposs elevator lan Sic eva ast in Mp2 1. Compaen ofthe tint Peo allay in Peto Sng ele Ostove (Ar ar ea) 2. Pent ofan inp orm et fn grin sent fom Kaman ino Ag (Ge) Mace whem ean fie She ‘lone Ser Sera ste of Zh Ne Zh oo Das {ceorinard hgh west cel pri whet inpert pape tases bop) ets ansuatireat f Dee, Kl Ri, Sohn Toi) 4 Weotperer contrac ia ae 2 Preset pect fe den et of Gl dar Gein Stra See) par aa ere Sra) lePlpee mat doom soe without por pd) Lf nt een int er A), {Beeman sry hon huh ad wit of Ob Sag) «ln of rp ia ese cots ha we of Rt Kha irae Ror ‘Tere of these developments shat the expression of eid in Baan Sie varies sigan scoring t0replan. Nester Macedonia and Ester Bulga appar to be two centers of innovation. In bth eon a inperet Ftp developed, thas making the PY exactly paral to the PD in tere ofthe stborinate aspect distinction aries. In Western Macedon Ihowever anew perf wing the lary hae ln deep the center on novation args being the Obs trp eon. In this fepony the Ps now Theta fan viy ad aa ing limited to mated nonconfimativecontet To the oath nd we the ne pe fet in have repaced the Ptogeter renting inate that ilies ht ‘of Common Save, he nl dilrnce being the sre of fe Pfr in x ‘resi contexts Toe porth and eas the Pl which ad become the uae stn postion tthe PD, eine! ts neta and ett rane ath Kaba deveopehe cit contest variant meaning of nonconimateeiden ‘ality im oppotion othe confmtve PD. The Pls thus in campeon with the'have pet This the sie station n most of western Macedon the Biol Resen aes, hawevet the PD eds to replace the Pa phenomenon which lke the eof he hae’ per al, has bon atte he nes ofA ‘mania (Goh 1984135; Kone 1965 18). Thu ecan happen that speaker ‘rom Baa wil seth PD in conte that pk fom ceere in Mace oni wil isaenly asane tht he aration sed on isha experi ‘The wekening ofthe confmativlnonconfiratie seme ofthe opposton be ter the PD and the Pl etende beyond if the sounding ilies and the wn of Rosen. Thas a Dihoo, ka. wet of Bl, om ate nt con tenia nnoncnfrmaive contests so mh in contest of aidan IS) int the new have prt axing the Pasay (eg al sew head come’ doesnot appear to bes marked nonconrmative Speakers from Rese and ila wil accept ths fom incomes involving witnessed events ‘wheres seers fom other area wil ot. Tha the Ba Rese ye, we ‘ofaning a inventory et otha ofthese of wetcental Macedon, does ot sign theme semantic orice prog leso th f ‘scr toe toving toward a Koca-Kntur typeof spin which event ‘nya ben eiminse. In asm Buri onthe other hand, he hid person sliery bs paral etained in he Pt presnce absence ing si ‘al backgoundg or foreground, In Easter Macedonia and Wer Balai, ‘where he per partie i ot develo, here ean inept the Presence essence of he aur inthe land the we ofthe eral ecine ‘uch tha the PI betes mos ike ab unk passe Feler 202), tn Alki, toa the anton af the admit i acl dierent ‘Thedeeloment ofthe ime pt ito + das sdmiatine set of paraigas Is especialy characteristic of cent Albania (outer Geg abd northern Ts, where, in Macedonia urn eters sacha Eb, whch inthe ote ‘most Geren were dominated by Turkish Heres ech inthe Otoman lang. Tris fnctioned aba musk of urban Mety (ee Akan 2008) In Northern Albanian (especially raral Ge, the aia sil eins moans of itsmeaning oan inverted perfec (abe 19791618) and even showsa tendency ‘oar being clint ri rerictons ons ascarens. Tas fr eamp aban, 30 kn eat of Sor ner the Montenepin bode, th dria lon ocarsin he pret pasa pl, SandaréAbaion asa ps CaoThe nploy flan en andarlingiis hows 1951: 116). The ditties abet fom the ab and Cam das ofthe ‘cme south of Alani and aiscet parts of orem Gree Ana 198). [Ako sggestve th ct that the amit saben othe bere des Tala Avni ecto Gree, which separated fr the main boy of ‘fbnian Before conte with Tuskish On the ther bad i the bai diets {Ukrine wich septate fom the main boy of Abani inthe evententh ‘stun afer apostle centre of Tarksh conta there ian verte erect butt aks ede auancs (Kotor 1956 ‘st inde eater, Macedonian pd Abani ate exemplary of Typ A and Type Baye ees and are ave central oan cont of Balla ‘Mental, From a polo pont of wew Macedonian repent 4 0-rh ‘ysem in which there ica marke conomative a wll ae urked noncont ‘ties wheres Albuns represent one-term atm with al mated no anrmatity cf Aiensls 208) nti epet, Bulgin and Turkish have ‘vt ters ie Macedonian, whereas Ue Balas Rocce langage the ‘tnstional Bagurian det of Novo Slo and Romani have oe term ystems ike |Abanian Cre nhs eet des not partteinthe phenamenon ere ‘ity as meaning encoded conjugated verbal forms atu te enodingat ‘olny and thew of asa evel price are intresting phenome ‘nace olfrthermesgaton Acros cutingdtintion that betwee sens ‘rich se vies connected nate apts in which evidential are Testis t shorter uit of dou Two term systems ae all ofthe former {ype buts Meleno- Romanian, which a one term stem, Abul, Frashe- ‘ote Gorn Bla Aromanian, Daco Romanian, and Novo Sl Bulan ral the liter spe and though the dat for tan fade and Sen Roman tre mea i hl that the fl in his ype aswel. A thi sition i the ‘he of monconfimate eden present tense qetions This ony oar tne trm stems wi te resent ichas Albania, Dac-Romanian abd Novo Selo Bulgarian. abance rom Fraserte Goma Blis Armanin reer farther inven. A fourth dc a between yen a wich speakers ‘te ative materi o crete new grammatical (cident) meaning an those In which they ese new material forthe nw grant ede ming (Following Otheguy (991, Fee (199) cll the forme "concpual comet ene and theater "liga eamvergece’cf ao Matra (200) fos and Row (2001) “metayp7). Thi ditnction nike the feng th, egies 2 daconiconntation and pas consiealy moe comple, Armano fn Siten Romani have desl borrowed material fom other language. lb ‘an ad Novo Selo Bagram Rave wed native til cet ow paraiens {tas Daco Romanian appre Blan Shi both eilerpeted tng ma teil and crented new praigms, whe Manel Jor appt only to have ded new meatng Yo a esting form. The Kalas Roman phenomena ‘eid by Matas is based ential on native teri In this reset. Tuk it part of rer Tuc complex which eid meanings aay rant {alee bt sng diferent ein dferct languages eh ates in jbsnon& Uta 2008, turing now to the quetion of ae versus typlagia explaation itis ‘earth the meningsasscated with he evident complex epesaly mathe onconfrmatity ae found acs brad spectrum of iene and wide ep fated langges At the sae te, ti worth ating that he development op Fetsinto evden ees to take lc predomi in eine wth ome or of Turkic contact, and dls hat are pec inoenced by Tk ngage {eg lta demo, Ingle Geog, Tn Fridman 88} ae opel kay to aves algo development Whe th lpn in Taki et does ot cem to hve contac based explanation, tr uneniabe that in me ss language coat is die response forthe ris ofthe grammatical ensding of esenlity in» gen Balkan language or dnc, Fhe Gora Belt ‘Arminia, Sen Romanian staal alcamo areal of his type, Monee, ‘shige gen the general Sizton of Mgeno-Romai (Capen 194321), tt the we of an inverted pert 4 make non-confraine 4 onepial convergence with Suavkc Inte ete of Daco Romanian, Manol ‘Mane (1986270) mentions confting hypothe concerning Slav nue versus native development The argument in or of lave i the ped of sania toate constrains (Gol 1986135) which nt fund in "Western Romance Slay the aemantie of the Novo Slo probit, com ‘bins wih the fact hat tiles titration and subuequen extension of 2 rate Slav fre contraction ~ artic lent bere feng the fact tat ‘he det slocted in ein Wantoal betnen Sein an Blain with 2 sgicant Romanian speaking population ~ rage Ut ies contac ad Phenomenon “This lens Afonian and Bala Slave. kena suprainguinic rt fin ‘ens, Es South Sve, Souther (Tok Seri, Macedonia, and Bulge {ands sre of pons tht ae morsel meant and prapmat ‘m wch the development fein argyle the dlifeetation of “Macedonian and Bulgin. The medal dvson betwen to centers of Est South lve tray and innovation ~ one in southwestern Macedon (Oi) theotherin northeastern uli Pred ter Tarnovo) ~consinod though the ‘Ottoman period ad nto the modern period. During he mie ptiod tee wer the Wo ara ofthe most complex ad intense anguge conte (re "nan 1995), Oi iin the eat of thereon where Absa, Romine, Sli, ne Grek wee alin contact and competion and then ein by Ta" The ‘epon sound Pea did ot athe ae comple bth contt wth Tak iste expcly song Gl 96 Cone 1910 11:3). Moreover matonVitor A Fn tothe bows importance of Trish a he language of administration Taki hassel ron psig soled wit Ottoman estitins on wan residency cf An 293, A snr station eft n Albin, where the ‘oterofamiratne imation spent be the entra rune are con ‘vs with snutestern Macon, Moree, the textual evidence or Slav td the dls riba for Alana ba get thatthe encoding of cider ‘ih ee atom matve tri, hd not rely enter the prammatial mtn teaser contact ith Turks. Tha, fr both NBanian an Balan Savi can, te hypotened tat the grammatical encoding of eridentaiy began in ban centr where Tush was wide solen a had high prestige and sped om ‘hereto the countryside. anh adermo planers wage ems tec the beinning of theame typeof phenomenon The asence of grammatied ev ena fom most romanian des 0 th pe hand bd rom Greek, the ‘other may become wth pate rural anshumancy fr mich of ATOM ‘nan and competing wean psig bth for Gack lenguge of reign sed Commerc, an, nme un centers ach Bela resistunce of Arora i= ‘Pvsbcedonian, wich dig te Orton prod war more asc with the coun, alka evden. kine replacement (fone 98) ant nfo phenomenon The cole of meaning aocated wit marked aeons fy clearly have fanctonl bass ut the gamimatalizaton of those meanings Int verbal paradigms inthe Balan clei outa lent» pti re a out. A mere aomparion of forms however adequate. On the one hand, ‘morphological emanti, and course pragmatic gle show diferent di tebution eg 9 Ballan Slave and Albanian (ao Friedman 198) Fier (G99) in «dete dy of aratv strategy «Bulgin tex ad tak ‘es wantin, asta the enti we of the Blan Pa concep Convergence with Turk (the cgung of new meaning ento exiting mater ‘er Oteguy 1981) a opposed linguistic convergence. the barowing of et meaning va new tera. This proposal consi th Fed 1938 ‘ere argue tht course functions (Lethe pagatccompanet of the ray ae aot meray sje to borowing bat aetally serve aren points othe Sevlopent of rbctral change nthe case of alka evidently, however, there a dtinction beween the Tush Sac type and the Albani Balkan Romance type wich ‘an be appended Romani and Now Selo Bulgar). Inthe former, bth cos Fmatne and aoncnfmate sper ak grammed mings wher the late nly noncotvmtive meanings are gamma’. The diincton Treween meanings clqud ono existing forms and the cretion of ew fms to come new coment dos bot map tomorphicaly onto the ssrbton of Ssenantc pragmatic loses, Moret, the peographe datribton of vides Thetylogroanevdeniiyand eel inguin 35 int in Ratan Slavic agus fossil bad expanton fr the spre of he phenomenon fom Souter Seeds ogee wth he ‘fect form andthe hee pret) and Eat Dlg gether wth he ‘fect participa the elteypetaton of asia mon), Tht eons tid hear concentration of Tahsin ban centers eve suet ‘tinnoraton The sped ofthe ABsten adnate northward and sow {rom a hen Tarkshinfloencesd waned ceteris. Lindstedt (200) refering Fridman’ (1997) charatertion of ove prestige etins among the Bala agunessggss tht he languages ‘heme ofthe iach ie, Bllan Savi Balkan Romana bana that Show the mest muta emergence owing othe rot mua lings, whereas Greek apd Romani a thereat top and Bot, espectinely bow es. [As Hee and Rasa (190-8) point ot there a diferent: Dense Rom {nd te ae ngs ofthe Balkans. The characteris of he Blan ings "league developed environment of mt mailing, peak ‘gh Tanuage ere nunc not on by the atracte ofthe he angus ‘they kare uta hening ther Inguges spoken second languages nthe ‘ast of Romani howe li adeno) the stare foiling elton was ‘och tht mllingulsn wet ony inane deton, Although Roma spears leaned he ngs thei ow anguge was not moral soe by ther. Lindstedt agucs that Grek a abet ouniieional mallingal, bat Inthe ther direction: While speakers of other languages Harned Grek, Gree spear eres motte 0 learn ther languages, Nonethlst clestat ‘any Grek eer ke Turkish (Daisies 197) which demise the Ot ‘oman tba environment A the sme tims lingual wa characterise ofthe Onaan town. Thus, we Lindste’s ypotbei tha the mil ofthe pretige hierarchy i the most active site of Ungustc convergence has atracine features, and indeed inate preity th lngunges ft obec Bala’ by Kopitar in 1899 (ee Pednan 1997), when examining event he ston seem more compe. lw em that an Turki og ab te sped of veil in Balan Si nd Albin, btw he former Type A he “Turkish sel the le Type B.A the sae ime appears tat tan Aro tmanian Hoke thedeeapmen othe Balan Savi eigot ste inBtl hie the widespread knowedge of Tush tong Geek wast enough ring ‘shout te development ofa Grek evidential stem On th oter hand cid “lec phenomena suchas thoes ana Jaro, Sinen Roman Ba i Soph FrateriteAromanan and Novo Selo Bulga show the io evident at. reno atested beyond the confine fal ara The ret two dasa bn, ‘the sco two rural Atte sume ne the ban let are of language at te ‘tom or ouside the prestige iar, whether des are moeceaalyloctedin that iach. Ths nesting actors of enya the oppoion ‘ban/aral sem to prodcedileet ees in diferent evronments ‘Analg thee ad pes of gammaticalae evidently nthe Blan, therfore oie am acount tha cones scutes let Alstbton a various lev ofthe gramme The pct ht eer am ‘ncl ein which Frm, cotent, tative utr and soc ator al ae ‘oles play abd a typology infrmed ae explanation spe tbe he os uate Map. The Baan Pe mentioned inthe et ‘hep of aban evideniy sd alingitie a Map 2. The Republi of Macedonia and sighboring oan showing pl td ‘og mentoned a Te (Names nad rs al get Macedo Notes Suh aac cy ai ep i tention of hana ngs wera Seton hn peony say, ut ating eal a Tesycaspcit nape sry Therein bet wha ‘ec rhe rth mtd hint ‘edi and pice oy beers he fr harcrngs Sat ‘we compara metho gsi aha dy teed fel linpustisisno baru fri wos apd wih nage a fc ae ‘ng ent othe pat Bh bcp hares pie twin sol Gon nga oul amy PEE) 2. "Gn thet tha tee pals anit formation psp defies ‘uring nti elmer andres froma aja -VAFl aot ‘hero scm roca Pt ad apes sod ty pst herace nemcarier stapes agua erg yeThe pelo Bukan dey adap 9 suai tei thc ms it ci ith pecan ‘ured de winner Gran [angina win sty Sova ntrts Lon hce eme eces th on f ene ‘ial wocens beth owatonna ‘reticent of pcan Suton ingore ose races realy ‘Sieoyce! cba esp oferta br eon ‘Senin nd el omer time ing snd ‘Tes items fr resonate yu of cnn bes gee nr Sore) CC (om 24025) on be deacon facto dneigtow or oplanoor er frmapeathcone. 5. Hr) an xcrpion thie 4 Inshore Fer sg conn at ary omison inthe Ba ‘evi rd enc ot nei sgt uae penn oer Sogou te 2 al rl he) 5. ohio (2047-71) nd tp inthe ntl eta psi ate pnkipotintegeh e (C Tora mor mane count ain bation aU 210) > um om wit ea en ih gp can. ape to: Zed ino cmenaton seen monn po oer camper ‘Sted wh etvespare Tarte se me {Theater es quel uhh ge ane ny Soto ant Akoya ane htc te awn Alaa im 4. The Abin pec wi rent tee P(g a he which te The aw Artin dics yoke n orm ek that of te Mes (aa anda ches a, Th aes of oa ee (gan fnpqin ct bi foe Baw Ws pre ap Treiber Oe web vp rn i ee ee Tv nk afin Mai i th eporty 0 wrt wth ec, oar Names Manso Vice Bho BleAndn bois Uo neo om palo em oat et on Specter ong ‘lo Abia, pr ate nthe ut the rd hi Tere 0 hv infec the Aton chef ural eT et tht he ‘SiSchn male pl pps eats itl ak sath Ao) ere hain rok er! ste ‘hk Per Ned Mar hen te ein cl 4s There nro ace gare L982) te Necro begun ose i Chany 3) fr pe, nd mo ‘St ih das pov i Alps 9) ea nag hina come fl neck in Cone (9101 ga tion of wht nr rere nyo ee pa heap Senin rm oi 1 Blan Sli and Tks ae sbort peldcntin anvinpect thar can occ wth both clematis el mn sean Cen serstinpers orate peta Sinton, nor siemens ee! 1 Tam inde Cae Monti ringing hs my tention nd uphing he 6 Tiki a sof opie den vm umony ft he sic ‘ages of mores Ths for camp peng he el acs ae ‘ens tat cds uk n-ov llpsbi ons ‘the cpanel fr whh drain con So Ada (197 on thang os "aden Sey Sani Pest in do) or pret in es Bl), {wish thn on fr ping he amp "Fee 22 hw hn sno wh engl gon i fnconheneunpeefte th pe snyss a i tg eather bren ns pt este {ost pao ds eon oa te 2.1 mh wt ta ee rm eb Ani a a ia The rt ye sls Rome enero ea of tne Findon sing as ™ 2 There ea se we of Romie, Sof aad ‘scaly Aan, Macon a Ge and aT wie oes eine References ‘dt, 3 H197) Tama Qu in: oer Rider, ‘ke. 00, "iden papal eprom {EM W Dion Sts mB ypelpel St nanan TE Atta emi tema A&R MW is (EA) 209, Sole ride yp Sti in ange msde eran west ‘Alan i (209), ha Gna Mor a ny Among Urn Mss in ‘Maui Boer Cat atpesn Noo Aka N15 “Coto ante pe ale: ang 65-60,ean (200 “ein the desig cha The Ban prin “At ye (a) OF A Si yee Sui Bal ad So So Lng Prat Hanae Aon Hamar Hh Beth, inc) "a ttn el past ‘res el alban ala [Te “ation othe route’ pti te Aon a In Alia LM ‘Sto bh Da a 21-21 Rome Baa crn (15?) Ti msi cep edt a he nner, "prin Herp” To Hor ona ae WI 828 The Haga Aone (97 om ete pad a a ai Fe roam HL (192 Gai Reng Gran Claus i ‘Norn 1 1991) Towra typaay ea ei’ aR Waugh Ray "Eaa) Noe V n Gra Fmone ond Vrain I-31, Seyanin Ancora 989), elem Onin rel uni hr Than ings sb oth la ng Leg le i Blpilte adr ie mio (180, Lemp rum deny Habu Bose ‘iF (969 Howe Tg wih or Cag aad ney Hom (L111, Hank dvr Fn ange Pat 1 soni ‘non Bua of Amen coy Bln) Wasting, DC: Goverment Yo F190) Sol gamma with a ayo thesia” anion of he “amen Pho Sc 373), 21-97. (Geer 99) "2 ein Enchamangen der aban Scheie ud een alana erg Sn), 86100 op 1028) Mesouromin I [The Meg Roma] Baar: Radia ope 9) Le Mao Ron Bute andi Rp pene tg ne Caine 198). “Dian, ree ode a Buln sd Eg ‘etl morpolg” nA Sher (El), Amen Corio Ts Ttarnaonl Cog Sar ings 90, Cl Sn imo W181 Le dake de Dus, Pras Pte Towa rut Nak com 8 (A ange Tiley and Lingus Urea Ch: ives of ‘coos (91091) “Opes pede ov bigs” [Dene ad ‘aint fos in Bagi. 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