Assignment 2

How to create custom banner background
using CSS ?
 Last Updated : 11 Jun, 2020
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In modern web designs, the custom background has emerged as a popular design for
the banner background. A custom background has an infinite number of designs. The
design is purely based on one’s imagination and creativity. Some common examples
of custom backgrounds include wavy background, skewed background, etc.
This article will show the approach used to create the Sawblade background as it’s
bottom resembles that of a saw. It is also known as zig-zag pattern.
Approach: The approach is to first create a chain of small triangles at the bottom and
then rotate them along the X-axis so that they form the blade-like appearance.
HTML Code: In the HTML section, the <div> element is created which will be used
to hold the pattern.
 HTML
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>
Custom background
</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="geeks">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS Code: The CSS can be defined using the following steps:

 Step 1: Provide a basic background color to the body.
 Step 2: Align the created div to the center with a different background color
of choice.
 Step 3: Using the before selector, create a small chain of triangles by using
the linear-gradient property with same degree but keeping one of them as
negative.
 Step 4: Use the rotate() function to rotate the triangles on the X-axis.
 CSS
<style>
body {
background: green;
}

.geeks {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: 100%;
height: 50%;
background: white;
}

.geeks::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 15px;
display: block;
background: linear-gradient(
-45deg, transparent, 33.33%,
green 33.33%, green 66.66%,
transparent 66.66%),
linear-gradient(45deg, transparent,
33.33%,green 33.33%, green 66.66%,
transparent 66.66%);
background-size: 30px 60px;
transform: rotateX(180deg);
}
</style>
Complete Code: In this section, we will combine the above two sections to make the
custom banner background using HTML and CSS.
 HTML
<html lang="en">

<head>
<title>
Custom background
</title>
<style>
body {
background: green;
}

.geeks {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
width: 100%;
height: 50%;
background: white;
}

.geeks::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 15px;
display: block;
background: linear-gradient(
-45deg, transparent, 33.33%,
green 33.33%, green 66.66%,
transparent 66.66%),
linear-gradient(45deg, transparent,
33.33%,green 33.33%, green 66.66%,
transparent 66.66%);
background-size: 30px 60px;
transform: rotateX(180deg);
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div class="geeks">
</div>
</body>

</html>
Output:
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How to Insert Form Data into Database

using PHP ?
 Difficulty Level : Easy
 Last Updated : 19 May, 2022
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In this article, we are going to store data in database which is submitted through
HTML form.
Requirements:
 XAMPP Server (Web Server)
 HTML
 PHP
 MySQL
HTML form: First we create an HTML form that need to take user input from
keyboard. HTML form is a document which stores information of a user on a web
server using interactive controls. An HTML form contains different kind of
information such as username, password, contact number, email id etc.
The elements that are used in an HTML form are check box, input box, radio buttons,
submit buttons etc. With the help of these elements, the information of an user is
submitted on the web server. The form tag is used to create an HTML form.
Syntax:
<form> Form Elements... </form>
or
To pass the values to next page, we use the page name with the following syntax. We
can use either GET or POST method to sent data to server.
<form action=other_page.php method= POST/GET>
Form Elements...
</form>
Database Connection: The collection of related data is called a database. XAMPP
stands for cross-platform, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl. It is among the simple
light-weight local servers for website development. In PHP, we can connect to
database using localhost XAMPP web server.
Syntax:
 PHP
<?php

$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "database_name";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername,
$username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: "
. $conn->connect_error);
}

$sqlquery = "INSERT INTO table VALUES
('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')"

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "record inserted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

How to get form data: We are going to collect the form data submitted through
HTML form. PHP $_REQUEST method is a PHP super global variable which is used
to collect data after submitting the HTML form.
Syntax:
 PHP
<?php

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

// collect value of input field
$data = $_REQUEST['val1'];

if (empty($data)) {
echo "data is empty";
} else {
echo $data;
}
}
?>

// Closing the connection.
$conn->close();

?>

Complete Steps to Design Project:
 Start XAMPP Server.
 Open localhost/phpmyadmin in your web browser.
 Create database of name staff and table of name college.
 Write HTML and PHP code in your Notepad in a particular folder.
 Submit data through HTML Form.
 Verify the results.
Steps In detail:
 Start XAMPP Server by opening XAMPP and click on XAMPP Start.

 Open localhost/phpmyadmin in your web browser and create database with

database name as staff and click on create.

 Then create table name college.

 Enter columns and click on save
 Now open Notepad and start writing PHP code and save it as index.php and
open other notepad and save it as insert.php Save both files in one folder
under htdocs.
Filename: index.php
 PHP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>GFG- Store Data</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Storing Form data in Database</h1>
<form action="insert.php" method="post">

<p>
<label for="firstName">First Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="first_name" id="firstName">
</p>

<p>
<label for="lastName">Last Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="last_name" id="lastName">
</p>

<p>
<label for="Gender">Gender:</label>
<input type="text" name="gender" id="Gender">
</p>

<p>
<label for="Address">Address:</label>
<input type="text" name="address" id="Address">
</p>

<p>
<label for="emailAddress">Email Address:</label>
<input type="text" name="email" id="emailAddress">
</p>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Filename: insert.php
 PHP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>Insert Page page</title>
</head>

<body>
<center>
<?php

// servername => localhost
// username => root
// password => empty
// database name => staff
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "staff");

// Check connection
if($conn === false){
die("ERROR: Could not connect. "
. mysqli_connect_error());
}

// Taking all 5 values from the form data(input)
$first_name = $_REQUEST['first_name'];
$last_name = $_REQUEST['last_name'];
$gender = $_REQUEST['gender'];
$address = $_REQUEST['address'];
$email = $_REQUEST['email'];

// Performing insert query execution
// here our table name is college
$sql = "INSERT INTO college VALUES ('$first_name',
'$last_name','$gender','$address','$email')";

if(mysqli_query($conn, $sql)){
echo "<h3>data stored in a database successfully."
. " Please browse your localhost php my admin"
. " to view the updated data</h3>";

echo nl2br("\n$first_name\n $last_name\n "
. "$gender\n $address\n $email");
} else{
echo "ERROR: Hush! Sorry $sql. "
. mysqli_error($conn);
}

// Close connection
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
</center>
</body>

</html>
Output: Type localhost/7058/index.php in your browser, it will display the form.

After submitting the form, the form data is submitted into database.
Let’s check in our database
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development.

You can learn PHP from the ground up by following this PHP Tutorial and PHP
Examples.
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PHP | MySQL ( Creating Database )
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Article Contributed By :
sravankumar_171fa07058
@sravankumar_171fa07058
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PHP | MySQL ( Creating Table )

 Difficulty Level : Medium
 Last Updated : 21 Mar, 2018
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What is a table?
In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements using a
model of vertical columns and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and
column intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any
number of rows.
Creating a MySQL Table Using MySQLi and PDO
We have already learned about creating databases in MySQL from PHP in this article.
The steps to create table are similar to creating databases. The difference is instead of
creating a new database we will connect to existing database and create a table in that
database. To connect to an existing database we can pass an extra variable “database
name” while connecting to MySQL.
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL.
In this article, a table named “employees”, with four columns: “id”, “firstname”,
“lastname” and “email” will be created.
The data types that will be used are :
1. VARCHAR:Holds a variable length string that can contain letters,
numbers, and special characters. The maximum size is specified in
parenthesis.
2. INT :he INTEGER data type accepts numeric values with an implied scale
of zero. It stores any integer value between -2147483648 to 2147483647.
The attributes that are used along with data types in this article are:
1. NOT NULL: Each row must contain a value for that column, null values
are not allowed.
2. PRIMARY KEY: Used to uniquely identify the rows in a table. The
column with PRIMARY KEY setting is often an ID number.
Creating tables in three different versions are described below:
 Creating table using MySQLi Object-oriented Procedure
Syntax :
 <?php
 $servername = "localhost";
 $username = "username";
 $password = "password";
 $dbname = "newDB";

 // checking connection
 $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password,
$dbname);
 // Check connection
 if ($conn->connect_error) {
 die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
 }

 // sql code to create table
 $sql = "CREATE TABLE employees(
 id INT(2) PRIMARY KEY,
 firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
 lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
 email VARCHAR(50)
 )";

 if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
 echo "Table employees created successfully";
 } else {
 echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
 }

 $conn->close();
 ?>
Output :
 Creating table using MySQLi Procedural procedure

Syntax :
 <?php

 // Checking connection
 $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,
$dbname);
 // Check connection
 if (!$conn) {
 die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
 }

 $sql = "CREATE TABLE employees (
 id INT(2) PRIMARY KEY,
 )";

 if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
 } else {
 echo "Error creating table: " . mysqli_error($conn);
 }
 mysqli_close($conn);
 ?>
Output :
 Creating table using PDO procedure

Syntax :
 <?php

 try {
 $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname",
 $username,
$password);

 // setting the PDO error mode to exception

 $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,
PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

 $sql = "CREATE TABLE employees (
 id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
 )";

 // using exec() because no results are returned
 $conn->exec($sql);
 }
 catch(PDOException $e)
 {
 echo $sql . "
" . $e->getMessage();
 }

 $conn = null;
 ?>
Output :
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PHP | MySQL Select Query

 Last Updated : 26 Jul, 2022
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The SQL SELECT statement is used to select the records from database tables.
Syntax :
The basic syntax of the select clause is –
To select all columns from the table, the character is used.
Implementation of the Select Query :

Let us consider the following table ‘ Data ‘ with three columns ‘ FirstName ‘, ‘
LastName ‘ and ‘ Age ‘.
To select all the data stored in the ‘ Data ‘ table, we will use the code mentioned
below.
SELECT Query using Procedural Method :
<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "Mydb");

if ($link === false) {
.mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT * FROM Data";
if ($res = mysqli_query($link, $sql)) {
if (mysqli_num_rows($res) > 0) {
echo "<table>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<th>Firstname</th>";
echo "<th>Lastname</th>";
echo "<th>age</th>";
echo "</tr>";
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>".$row['Firstname']."</td>";
echo "<td>".$row['Lastname']."</td>";
echo "<td>".$row['Age']."</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
mysqli_free_result($res);
}
else {
echo "No matching records are found.";
}
}
else {
echo "ERROR: Could not able to execute $sql. "
.mysqli_error($link);
}
mysqli_close($link);
?>
Output :
Code Explanation:
1. The “res” variable stores the data that is returned by the
function mysql_query().
2. Everytime mysqli_fetch_array() is invoked, it returns the next row from
the res() set.
3. The while loop is used to loop through all the rows of the table “data”.
SELECT Query using Object Oriented Method :
<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "Mydb");

if ($mysqli === false) {
.$mysqli->connect_error);
}

if ($res = $mysqli->query($sql)) {
if ($res->num_rows > 0) {
echo "<table>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<th>Age</th>";
echo "</tr>";
while ($row = $res->fetch_array())
{
echo "<tr>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
$res->free();
}
else {
}
}
else {
.$mysqli->error;
}
$mysqli->close();
?>
Output :
SELECT Query using PDO Method :
<?php
try {
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host = localhost;
dbname=mydb", "root", "");
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
die("ERROR: Could not connect. ".$e->getMessage());
}
try {
$res = $pdo->query($sql);
if ($res->rowCount() > 0) {
echo "<table>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<th>Age</th>";
echo "</tr>";
while ($row = $res->fetch()) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
unset($res);
}
else {
}
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
die("ERROR: Could not able to execute $sql. "
.$e->getMessage());
}
unset($pdo);
?>
Output :
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DATABASE CREATION
What is a database?
Database is a collection of inter-related data which helps in efficient retrieval,
insertion and deletion of data from database and organizes the data in the
form of tables, views, schemas, reports etc. For Example, university
database organizes the data about students, faculty, and admin staff etc.
which helps in efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from it.
We know that in MySQL to create a database we need to execute a query.
You may refer to this article for the SQL query to create data-bases.
The basic steps to create MySQL database using PHP are:
 Establish a connection to MySQL server from your PHP script as
described in this article.
 If the connection is successful, write a SQL query to create a
database and store it in a string variable.
 Execute the query.
We have already learnt about establish a connection and creating variables
in PHP. We can execute the query from our PHP script in 3 different ways as
described below:
1. Using MySQLi Object-oriented procedure: If the MySQL
connection is established using Object-oriented procedure then we
can use the query() function of mysqli class to execute our query as
described in the below syntax.
Syntax:
<?php
// Creating a connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
// Creating a database named newDB
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE newDB";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully with the name
newDB";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
// closing connection
$conn->close();
?>
Note:Specify the three arguments servername, username and
password to the mysqli object whenever creating a database.
Output:
2. Using MySQLi Procedural procedure: If the MySQL connection is

established using procedural procedure then we can use the
mysqli_query() function of PHP to execute our query as described
in the below syntax.
Syntax:
<?php
// Creating connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// Checking connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
// Creating a database named newDB

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
newDB";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}
// closing connection
mysqli_close($conn);
?>
Output:
3. Using PDO procedure: If the MySQL connection is established

using PDO procedure then we can execute our query as described
in the below syntax.
Syntax:
<?php
try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=newDB",
$username, $password);
// setting the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,
// using exec() because no results are returned
$conn->exec($sql);
newDB";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $sql . "
" . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>
Note:The exception class in PDO is used to handle any problems
that may occur in our database queries. If an exception is thrown
within the try{ } block, the script stops executing and flows directly
to the first catch(){ } block.
Output:
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PHP | MySQL UPDATE Query

 Difficulty Level : Basic
 Last Updated : 01 Aug, 2021
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The MySQL UPDATE query is used to update existing records in a table in a MySQL
database.
 It can be used to update one or more field at the same time.
 It can be used to specify any condition using the WHERE clause.
Syntax :
The basic syntax of the Update Query is –
Implementation of Where Update Query :

Let us consider the following table “Data” with four columns ‘ID’, ‘FirstName’,
‘LastName’ and ‘Age’.
To update the “Age” of a person whose “ID” is 201 in the “Data” table, we can use
the following code :
Update Query using Procedural Method :
<?php

if($link === false){
. mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "UPDATE data SET Age='28' WHERE id=201";
if(mysqli_query($link, $sql)){
echo "Record was updated successfully.";
} else {
. mysqli_error($link);
}
?>
Output :
Table After Updation –
The output on Web Browser :
Update Query using Object Oriented Method :

<?php

if($mysqli === false){
. $mysqli->connect_error);
}

if($mysqli->query($sql) === true){
echo "Records was updated successfully.";
} else{
. $mysqli->error;
}
$mysqli->close();
?>
Output :
Update Query using PDO Method :

<?php
try{
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;
dbname=Mydb", "root", "");
} catch(PDOException $e){
. $e->getMessage());
}

try{
$pdo->exec($sql);
echo "Records was updated successfully.";
}
unset($pdo);
?>
Output :
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PHP | MySQL Delete Query

 Last Updated : 03 Mar, 2018
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The DELETE query is used to delete records from a database table.
It is generally used along with the “Select” statement to delete only those records that
satisfy a specific condition.
Syntax :
The basic syntax of the Delete Query is –
Let us consider the following table “Data” with four columns ‘ ID ‘, ‘ FirstName ‘, ‘
LastName ‘ and ‘ Age ‘.
To delete the record of the person whose ID is 201 from the ‘ Data ‘ table, the
following code can be used.
Delete Query using Procedural Method :
<?php

if($link === false){
die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "DELETE FROM Data WHERE ID=201";
if(mysqli_query($link, $sql)){
echo "Record was deleted successfully.";
}
else{
. mysqli_error($link);
}
?>
Output :
Table after updation –

Delete Query using Object Oriented Method :
<?php

if($mysqli === false){
die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . $mysqli->connect_error);
}

if($mysqli->query($sql) === true){
} else{
. $mysqli->error;
}

$mysqli->close();
?>
Output :
Delete Query using PDO Method :

<?php
try{
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;
dbname=Mydb", "root", "");
die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . $e->getMessage());
}

try{
$pdo->exec($sql);
}
unset($pdo);
?>
Output :

Assignment 2

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Assignment 2

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Copyright:

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How to create custom banner background

CSS Code: The CSS can be defined using the following steps:

How to Insert Form Data into Database

 Open localhost/phpmyadmin in your web browser and create database with

 Then create table name college.

Output: Type localhost/7058/index.php in your browser, it will display the form.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development.

PHP | MySQL ( Creating Table )

 Creating table using MySQLi Procedural procedure

 Creating table using PDO procedure

 // setting the PDO error mode to exception

PHP | MySQL Select Query

To select all columns from the table, the character is used.

Implementation of the Select Query :

2. Using MySQLi Procedural procedure: If the MySQL connection is

// Creating a database named newDB

3. Using PDO procedure: If the MySQL connection is established

PHP | MySQL UPDATE Query

Implementation of Where Update Query :

The output on Web Browser :

Update Query using Object Oriented Method :

The output on Web Browser :

Update Query using PDO Method :

The output on Web Browser :

PHP | MySQL Delete Query

The output on Web Browser :

The output on Web Browser :

Delete Query using PDO Method :

The output on Web Browser :

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