Reading: Part A - Text booklet Instru TIME LIMIT: 15 MINUTES. + Complete the summary on pages 2 and 3 of Part A - Answer booklet using the information in the four texts (A1-A4) below, + You do not need to read each text from beginning to end to complete the task. You should scan the texts to find the information you need. + Gaps may require 1, 2 or 3 words. Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers. ‘You should write your answers next to the appropriate number in the right-hand column. + Please use correct spelling in your responses. Do not use abbreviations unless they appear in the texts. Wine and health: Texts What isthe issue? ‘There are postive and negative heath impacts from alcohol consumption. When consumed at iow levels, there is evidence albelt debated (Emberson etal 2005; Fuchs et al. 2004), that alcohol can provide some health benefits for certain age and gender groups. The physical benefits include reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease from middle age onwards. The social benefits include assisting in relaxation, enhancing socal interactions, and eontrbuting to traditions and cultural festivities. When used to excess alcohol can produce profoundly negative health and Social outcomes, The adverse health outcomes from alcohol consumption range from short-term problems, such as injuries from road accidents and violence, to long-term health problems, such as ver disease, cancers and alcohol dependence, One in ten Australians consume alcohol at levels | that ae risky ora high rik to health in the long term, Those aged in thelr twenties are the most at risk—144 percent of males and 15.1 percent of females inthe 20-29 year age group consume alcohol at levels that are risky or a high risk for harm in the long term. Resveratrol, a phytoestragen found in red wine Certain populations, e.g, the French and the Greek, suffer little heart disease despite a diet which is relatively high in fat. Tt has been proposed that regular consumption of red wine in moderate amounts may explain this phenomenon, which has been dubbed the ‘French paradox’, Resveratrol, a compound found in grapes and wine in significant amounts, was implicated in this beneficial action of red wine because of its ability to act as an antioxidant ‘and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. In addition, resveratrol has been reported to have anticarcinogenic effects in mouse mammary cultures. ‘Texts continue on the next pageABSTRACT: A study of drinking in young Danish adults | Background — Findings from a recent series of Danish studies suggest that moderate wine drinkers are healthier than those who drink other alcoholic beverages or those who abstain. Objective ‘To identify possible explanatory factors associated with the health benefits of wine consumption through the examination of a wide apectrum of social, cognitive, and personality characteristics related to both beverage choice and heaith in young Danish adults. Subjects and Descriptive cross-sectional study of characteristics associated with beverage choice in ‘Methods 1a sample of 363 men and 330 women between the ages of 29 and 34 years, selected from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort on the basis of perinatal records. Main Outcome Socioeconomic status, education, IQ, personality, psychiatric eymptoms, and health- ‘Measures related behaviors, including alcohol consumption, were analyzed. The outcome | variables were subjected to linear and logistic regression analyses with 2 factors (heer and wine), each with 2 levels (drinking or not drinking a certain beverage type). Results Wine drinking was significantly ascociated with higher IQ, higher parental educational level, and higher socioeconomic status, Beer drinking was significantly associated with lower scores on the same variables. On scales concerning personality, | psychiatric symptoms, and health-related behaviors, wine drinking was associated with optimal functioning and beer drinking with suboptimal functioning. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that wine drinking is a general indieator of optimal social, cognitive, and personality development in Denmark. Similar social, cognitive, and personality factors have also been associated with better health in many populations, Consequently, the association between drinking habita and social and psychological characteristics, in large part, may explain the apparent health benefits of wine, Red wine and blood vessel cols Researchers from the Israe! Institute of Technology, Haifa, found that red wine enhanced the health of the ceils in blood vessels. The research team studied 15 healthy adults with a mean age of 29 years who agreed to consume 260m! of red wine every day for three consecutive weeks. The participants provided blood ‘samples at the beginning and end of the three-week study period so that researchers could evaluate blood vessel function. The researchers wrote that “daily red wine consumption for 21 consecutive days significantly ‘enhanced vascular endothelial function,” which means it improved the health of the cells lining the blood vessels, which then improves blood flow and heart health. Drinking red wine every day also helped reduce cell death or what is known as apoptosis. "The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is low in populations that consume large amounts of red wine,” they wrote. "Moderate consumption of red wine provides cardiovascular protection, but the mechanisms that underlie this protection are unclear." END OF PART A ‘THIS TEXT BOOKLET WILL BE COLLECTEDReading: Part A - Answer booklet Instructions ‘TIME LIMIT: 15 MINUTES. + Compiete the following surnmary using the information in the four texts, A1-A4, provided on pages 2 and 3 of the Text booklet. + You do not need to read each text from beginning to end to complete the task. You should scan the texts to find the information you need, + Gaps may require 1, 2 of 3 words. You will not receive any marks if you write more than 3 words. + You should write your answers next to the appropriate number in the right-hand column. + Please use correct spelling in your responses. Do not use abbreviations unless they appear in the texts. ‘Summary Answers Wine and health to One in 1)... Australians drink alcohol at levels dangerous to their «2... health. This proportion 3. increases for adults aged a... and is slightly higher for (4)... The negative effects of excessive alcohol | 4, | Use can be short term, including injury due to road accidents or. ¢g,; 0rlong term, such as diseases | 6, or alcohol 6), 6. Nevertheless, alcohol has a place in tradition and culture as well as having (7)... for example, 7 facilitating with relaxation and social interaction. In addition, studies suggest regularly drinking alcohol in 8 (7 892 (0 Can have pysicl Neath [> benefits, such 2s reducing the risk of. (10),.1 8 hasbeen noted in populations wih .«n,.etsian | cbservation known as (42) 1. [Continued on next page] 12.‘Summary 4 Answers sony ‘An Israel study found that red wine improved the 13 | health of cells in. (13). a8 well as helping to reduce i—| (14)... Participants, healthy adults with an average | 14. on age of .(:),.« drank 250m! of red wine every day. Researchers 00k ... (36... at the beginning of the _ study and ater 17. aye. Me research findings, | | showed cardiovascular benefits, but the reasons : | (One suggested reason is the presence of the u | | compound called. (19. Which is believed to have i (20)... Qualities and prevents 1)... 28 well as 18 j purportedly having 2... when tested on mice. 20, . 21. ‘A Danish study concluded that the supposed health benefits of wine might be partly explained by the relationship between .. (29... and social and .. 24) characteristics. Almost 700 men and women were asked about their beverage choice, the two factors being ._(25)... and these data were analysed in association with several social, 9). and personality variables. It was found that the beer drinkers obtained {27.,. 08 socio-economic variables and were described as having (29)... with regard to scales of personality and health-related behaviour. 22. 23. 24, ] 25. 26. 27, 28. END OF PART A. ‘THIS ANSWER BOOKLET WILL BE COLLECTED Lot