Understanding Culture Society and Politics – Grade 11

Quarter 2 – Module 3: Forms of Government and Functions of Non-state

Institutions
First Edition, 2020

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 Understanding Culture
Society and Politics 11
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 3
Forms of Government and
Functions of Non-state
Institutions

Introductory Message
 For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture Society and Politics Grade 11 Self-

Learning Module on Forms of Government and Functions of Non-state
Institutions

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

 Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics- Self-Learning
Module on Forms of Government and Functions of Non-state Institutions!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

EXPECTATIONS
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the different forms of government.
2. Explain the functions of non-state institutions in society.
3. Evaluate the impact of interventions of non-state institutions in the process of
governance of the state.

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. It refers to the absence of government, a condition in which a nation or state
operates without a central governing body.
A. Anarchy C. Federalism
B. Communism D. Meritocracy
2. Establishments which are not owned and controlled by the government and not
related to the components of the state.
A. Investment Banks C. Non-government Organizations
B. International Organizations D. Non-state Institutions
3. It is typified by fair and free elections, civic participation, protection of human
rights, and the rule of law.
A. Aristocracy C. Democracy
B. Capitalism D. Socialism
4. The type of organization that are useful for mobilizing public support, monitoring
the effectiveness of international aid, and providing information and expertise.
A. International Non-governmental C. Organization for Economic
Organizations Cooperation and Development
B. International Governmental D. Organization of African Unity
Organizations
5. It refers to a system of rule in which power is determined as a direct function of
wealth and it mirrors the economic hierarchy of aristocratic systems but lacks
the philosophical imperatives used to justify the latter.
A. Communism C. Kleptocracy
B. Federalism D. Plutocracy

RECAP
Direction: Read the clue carefully for each item then write the best answer inside
the box.

1. An authority legitimated by the

sanctity of tradition. The ability and right to
rule is passed down, often through heredity.

2. The popular acceptance of an

authority, usually a governing law or regime.
 3. A political system headed by a
dictator in which the government controls the
lives of the people and opposition is not
permitted.
4. Power of an individual/a group to
enforce rules upon the members of a certain
group.
5. The 16th president of the United
States of America that said “Democracy
is the government of the people, by the people,
and for the people.”

LESSON

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
In the previous lessons, we discussed the different types of legitimate
government, lets find out the other forms of government.
1. ANARCHY
Anarchism refers to the absence of government, a condition in which a nation or
state operates without a central governing body. This denotes an absence of public utilities
or services, a lack of regulatory control, limited diplomatic relations with other nation-
states, and in most instances, a society divided into different, locally-ruled settlements (or
fiefdoms).
2. ARISTOCRACY
Aristocracy refers to a form of government in which wealthy nobles are given power
over those in lower socioeconomic strata. Positions of leadership are reserved for those of
an elite ruling class, a status which is typically hereditary. The privileged ruling class is
viewed, in this system, as possessing the education, upbringing, and genetic traits
required for rulership.
3. BUREAUCRACY
Bureaucracy refers to a form of government in which non-elected government
officials carry out public responsibilities as dictated by administrative policy-making
groups. In a bureaucracy, rules, regulations, procedures, and outcomes are formulated
to maintain order, achieve efficiency, and prevent favoritism within the system.
4. CAPITALISM
Capitalism refers to a form of economy in which production is driven by private
ownership. Capitalism promotes the idea of open competition and extends from the belief
that a free market economy — one with limited regulatory control — is the most efficient
form of economic organization. Its advocates argue that capitalism promotes economic
growth, improved standards of living, higher productivity, and broader prosperity.
5. COMMUNISM
Communism refers to the idea of common, public ownership of the economy,
including infrastructure, utilities, and means of production. Communism, as
idealized by thinkers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, denotes an absence of class
divisions, which inherently requires the subversion of the ruling class by the working
class. As such, communism often incorporates the idea of revolutionary action
against unequal rule.
6. DEMOCRACY
Democracy refers to a form of government in which the people are given a
direct role in choosing their leadership. Its primary goal is governance through fair
representation, a system in which no single force or entity can exercise unchecked
control or authority. The result is a system which requires discourse, debate, and
compromise to satisfy the broadest possible number of public interests. Democracy
is typified by fair and free elections, civic participation, protection of human rights,
and the rule of law.
7. FEDERALISM
Federalism is a form of government that both combines and divides powers
between a centralized federal authority and an array of regional and local
authorities. This is typically a system in which a set of states, territories, or
provinces are both self-governing and beholden to the authority of a broad, unifying
government structure.
8. KLEPTOCRACY
Kleptocracy is a form of government in which the ruling party has either
come to power, retained power, or both, through means of corruption and theft.
This is not a form of government that a ruling class would ever self-apply but a
pejorative term used to describe a group whose power rests on a foundation of
embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, and the transfer of massive amounts of
wealth from public to private interests.
9. MERITOCRACY
Meritocracy refers to a system in which authority is vested in those who have
demonstrated the merits deemed pertinent to governing or public administration. Often,
these merits are conferred through testing and academic credentials and are meant to
create an order in which talents, abilities, and intellect determine who should hold
positions of leadership and economic stewardship. The result is a social hierarchy based
on achievement.
10. DICTATORSHIP
A dictatorship is a nation ruled with absolute power, in the absence of a
democratic process, and typically under the thumb of a single authority figure. In a
military dictatorship, this authority usually heads the nation’s armed forces. A
military dictatorship often comes to power by subverting the existing seat of
government — sometimes though claims of corruption, weakness, or ineffectiveness
— and which subsequently uses the military to establish its own brand of law and
order.
11. MONARCHY
Monarchy refers to a form of rule in which absolute power and authority are
held by a single member of a royal bloodline. In a monarchy, the individual in the
seat of power is often believed to have been placed there by “divine right,” or the will
of God. In a monarchical society, power is inherited within a line of succession that
relates to one’s bloodline and birth-order within the ruling royal family.
12. OLIGARCHY
Oligarchy refers to a form of government in which a smattering of individuals
rule over a nation. In many ways, oligarchy is a catch-all for any number of other
forms of governance in which a specific set of qualities — wealth, heredity, race —
are used to vest power in a small group of individuals. So, forms of government
regarded as aristocratic, plutocratic, or totalitarian, for instance, can be referred to
as oligarchic.
13. PLUTOCRACY
Plutocracy refers to a system of rule in which power is determined as a direct function
of wealth. Plutocracy mirrors the economic hierarchy of aristocratic systems but
lacks the philosophical imperatives used to justify the latter. Whereas aristocratic
forms of governance justified economic hierarchy by presuming an equivalence
between wealth, heredity, and the qualification to lead, plutocracy refers in simpler
terms to the ascendance of the wealthy to positions of power.
14. REPUBLICAN
Republicanism refers to a system in which power is vested in the citizenry. In technical
definition, a republic is a nation in which the people hold popular sovereignty through the
electoral and legislative processes as well as through participation in public and civic life.
In its earliest form, the republic was perceived as a counterbalance to monarchy, an
approach which merged monarchy and aristocracy with some trappings of democracy.

15. SOCIALISM
Socialism refers to a form of government in which the people own the primary means
of production. A counterpoint to the competitive nature and unequal proclivities of
capitalism, socialism has existed in many forms and to widely variant degrees of
strictness throughout history and around the world.
16. THEOCRACY
Theocracy refers to a form of government in which a specific religious ideology
informs the leadership, laws, and customs of a nation. In many instances, there will
be little to no distinction between scriptural laws and legal codes. Likewise, religious
clergy will typically occupy roles of leadership, and in some instances, the highest
office in the nation.
17. TOTALITARIANISM
Totalitarianism is an authoritarian form of government in which the ruling party
recognizes no limitations whatsoever on its power, either in the public life or private
rights of its citizens. Totalitarian states often employ widespread surveillance, control
over mass media, intimidating demonstrations of paramilitary or police power, and
suppression — usually violent — of protest, activism, or political opposition.

FUNCTIONS OF NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS

What are these non-state institutions?
These are establishments which are not owned and controlled by the
government and not related to the components of the state. These institutions
function with minimal intervention from state institutions. Some non-state
institutions are for profit and others are nonprofits and some are for personal
investments and for financial help.

Non-state Institutions Functions

1. Banks - are places or 1. Banks are depository of savings.

institutions where people place
or deposit their money or savings
with corresponding interest on a
given period of time and, or
assets for safekeeping.
2. Corporation – is a company or
group of people authorized to act
as a single entity (legally a person)
and recognized as such in law.
- It is a legal entity created under
state law and is designed to
generate a profit.
3. Cooperative – is a legal entity
owned and democratically
controlled by its members.
2. Banks are largely responsible for the
payment system.
3. Banks issue loans to both people and
companies.
1. Corporations by ability to issue stock are
referred to as “stock corporations” and owners
of stock are known as stockholder”.
2. Corporations may be allowed to be “for
profit” or “not-for-profit” corporations.
3. Registered corporations have legal
personality and are owned by shareholders
whose liability is limited to their investment.
1. Cooperatives often share their earnings
with the membership as dividends, which are
divided among the members according to
their participation in the enterprise.

4. Trade Unions – is an
organization whose membership
consists of workers and union
leaders, united to protect and
promote their common interests.
Here are the unions and networks we have in the Philippines.
2. Since most cooperative members are local
residents, business profits remain and
circulate within the community.
3. Cooperatives are dedicated to the values of
openness, social responsibility and caring for
others.
1. Negotiate wages and working condition
terms.
2. Regulate relations between workers.
3. Raise new demands on behalf of its
members.
A. The Trade Union Congress of the
Philippines (TUCP) is the biggest
confederation of labor federations in
the Philippines also known as Katipunan ng
Manggagawang Pilipino.
It was founded on December 14, 1975 by 23
labor federations. It has also members
coming from OFWs, informal sectors,
drivers, urban poor, youth, and other civil
society groups.
 B. Transnational advocacy
groups/ /networks are fluid and
open relationships among
knowledgeable, committed actors
(individuals and organizations).
Their goal is to give powerless
constituencies (the impoverished,
women, the politically vulnerable
consumers, disorganized population) a
voice in domestic and international
Importance of Transnational lawmaking.
Advocacy Groups Their primary tool is information-
quickly produced, accurately
What makes transnational advocacy formulated and effectively deployed.
networks so important is their advocacy.
Kinds of issues that motivate
They campaign on behalf of principled advocacy networks:
causes, sets of values and ideas, 1. Human rights
vulnerable constituencies or 2. Women’s rights
environments. 3. Consumer rights
4. Environmental issues
In other words, it provides a voice for 5. International peace
civil society in the otherwise closed field
of international politics and open a Who participates in transnational
democratic space within an elite arena. advocacy groups?
NGOs, local social movements, the
They seek not merely to influence, but to
media, foundations, religious
change the very terms and values of organizations, intellectuals and
international policy and practice. scholars, parts of executive or
parliamentary branches of
government.

C. Development Agencies

A development agency is an organization committed/dedicated to

distributing aid.
Many professional aid organizations exist, both within governments (e.g.RED
CROSS, USAID, DFID, AusAID, EuropeAid), as multilateral donors and as private
voluntary organizations.
The International Committee of the Red Cross is the world’s oldest humanitarian
organization and is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold to
Geneva Conventions.
Aid can be subdivided into two categories:
1. Humanitarian Aid- emergency relief efforts, in response to natural disasters.
2. Development Aid – foreign aid, aimed at helping countries to achieve long-term
sustainable economic growth and with the aim of achieving poverty reduction.
D. International Organizations

An international organization – is an
organization with an international
membership, scope or presence.
Two main types:

1. International Non-governmental
Organizations INGOs) that operate
internationally.
These include non-profit organizations
and worldwide companies such as the World
Organization of the Scout Movement, Red
Cross and Medecins Sans Frontieres.

2. International Governmental
Organization (IGOs) the type of
organization that are useful for mobilizing
public support, monitoring the effectiveness
of international aid, and providing
information and expertise.
Notable examples include the United
Nations (UN), World Trade Organization
(WTO), and Council of Europe COE).

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Analyze the following statements. Write T if the statement is TRUE and
F if it is FALSE. Write your answer on your notebook.
______ 1. Trade Union is an organization whose membership consists of workers and
union leaders, united to protect and promote their common interests.
______ 2. Cooperative is a legal entity owned and democratically controlled by the
shareholders.
______ 3. World Health Organization is the world’s oldest humanitarian organization
and is unique in being mandated by international treaty to uphold to Geneva
Conventions.
______ 4. The Katipunan ng Manggagawang Pilipino is the biggest confederation of
labor federations in the Philippines.
______ 5. Federalism refers to a form of government in which wealthy nobles are given
power over those in lower socioeconomic strata.
______ 6. World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, United Nations (UN) and World
Trade Organization (WTO) are agencies under the Transnational Advocacy groups.
______ 7. A Republic is a nation in which the people hold popular sovereignty through the
electoral and legislative processes as well as through participation in public and civic life.
______ 8. Nonstate institutions often bridge the gap between the state and its citizens
through active public engagement.
______ 9. Theocracy refers to a form of government in which a specific religious
ideology informs the leadership, laws, and customs of a nation.
______ 10. Since most bank members are local residents, business profits remain
and circulate within the community.

WRAP-UP

After discussing the forms of government and functions of non-state

institutions, ask yourself now and answer the question…
In your 16 years of existence in the community, how does the government and
non-state institutions influenced you, and affect your life especially in this time of
pandemic?
I realized the importance of Government and Non-state institutions as they
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ .

VALUING

Knowing the forms of government and functions of non-state institutions,

I realized the importance of my rights and privileges as a citizen of this country and
how the government and nonstate institutions lead, guide and protect me and my
fellow citizens.

I promise to retain the good values of the Filipinos such as 1. ______________ 2.

_____________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. ______

_____________ 7. _______________ 8. _______________ 9. _______________ 10. ____

 POSTTEST

Direction: Identify what is being asked in the following statements by selecting

the answers from the box below.

______________1. An organization whose membership consists of workers and union

leaders, united to protect and promote their common interests.
______________2. An organization committed/dedicated to distributing aid.
______________3. A form of government in which the people own the primary means
of production.
______________4. A legal entity created under state law and is designed to generate a
profit.
______________5. These are establishments which are not owned by the government
and some are for profit and for financial help.
______________6. The type of organization that are useful for mobilizing public
support, monitoring the effectiveness of international aid, and
providing information and expertise.
______________7. It is a nation ruled with absolute power, in the absence of a
democratic process, and typically under the thumb of a single
authority figure.
______________8. The popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or
a regime.
______________9. Founded in December 14, 1975 as the biggest confederation of labor
federations in the Philippines.
______________10. Its main function is helping countries to achieve long-term
sustainable economic growth and with the aim of achieving
poverty reduction.

Dictatorship Socialism TUCP

Trade Unions Legitimacy Corporation
Nonstate institutions Development Aid USAID
Development Agency IGOs Authority

KEY TO CORRECTION
5. D 5. ABRAHAM LINCOLN

4. B 4. AUTHORITY

3. C 3. FASCISM

2. D 2. LEGITIMACY

1. A 1. TRADITIONAL

PRETEST RECAP
10. F 9. T 8. T 7. T 6. F 5. F 4. T 3. F 2. F 1. T
ACTIVITY
 References
Book
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School by: Ederlina D.
Balena, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta, Philippine Copyright 2016
ISBN: 978-971-8608-59-3
Exclusively published and distributed by: Educational Resources Corporations

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics by: Maria Carinnes P. Alejandria-

Gonzales and Henry M. Custodio/DIWA LEARNING TOWN, Philippine Copyright
2016, Exclusively Published and distributed by: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC.
Editorial, design and layout by University Press of First Asia, ISBN 978-971-46-09

Social Dynamics- A Worktext on Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics by:

Arthur S. Abulencia and Rowel S. Padernal, Published by Brilliant Creations
Publishing , Copyright 2016, ISBN 978-621-8006-38-6
General Sociology (Revised Edition) by: Francisco M. Zulueta, Published by
Academic Publishing Corporation, Philippine Copyright, 2002
ISBN 971-707-102-0

https://thebestschools.org/magazine/common-forms-of-government-study-
starters/
Common Forms of Government JUNE 10, 2020 TBS STAFF

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