DECS CENTRAL LIBRARY PASIG CITY Percentages, Ratio and Proportion NFE Accreditation and Equivalency Learning Material Philippines Nonformal Education Project (ADB-Assisted) Bureau of Nonformal Education DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTSoe ED CENTRAL LIB NERALCO AVE. ranean Percentages, Ratio and Proportion Bureau of Nonformal Education DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission from the publisher. Published in the Philippines by: Bureau of Nonformal Education Department of Education, Culture and Sports 3/F Mabini Bldg., DECS Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines Tel. No.: (02) 635 - 5189 Fax No.: (02) 635 - 5191REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FRILIRPINES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS 4 DECS Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig iy Phpins ty 2ooo Sama-Sama Office of the Secr Mffice of the Secretary sa DECS My dear NFE A&E Learners, Welcome to the Nonformal Education Accreditation and Equivalency (NFE A&E) Learning Program of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). NFE A&E is a new nonformal approach to learning which provides out-of-school youth (OSY) and adults an alternative way to improve their basic education skills in reading, writing and computing, and acquire an elementary or secondary level certificate. The long term vision of this NFE A&E System is to provide OSY and adults opportunities whereby they can continue to learn on their own throughout their lives so that they can improve their quality of life and the life of their families and participate in national development efforts. The program is built around a uniquely nonformal curriculum and uses a range of innovative learning strategies designed to break dowa traditional barriers of time, accessibility and resources, which make it difficult for OSY and adults to pursue or continue their education, We have prepared 150 modules at two learning levels (elementary and secondary). These modules aim to help you improve your skills, knowledge and competencies across five learning areas which are designed to help you function more effectively as Filipino citizens in a modern society. By studying the modules and completing the various self-assessment activities and assignments, we hope you will be able to better understand the problems of daily living and make informed decisions about possible options to improve the quality of your life. This includes having new skills and knowledge to raise your standard of living through better health practices, better food, increased income, improved family life and more direct participation in community and civic activities. The modules will also prepare you to sit for an NFE A&E Test at either the elementary or secondary level. If you successfully complete the test, you will receive either an elementary or secondary level Tel. # 02-633-7228 or 7208 (OSEC@SKYNET.NET “Together Let Us Build This Nation Through Education” Fax #02-622-0805certificate which can help you get a better job and pursue other learning opportunities. We hope you find the modules interesting, useful and challenging. They have been especially prepared to help you progress from being dependent on a facilitator to being able to learn by yourself. This means you will need to take more responsibility for your own learning and will require a high level of commitment, motivation and self-discipline. These, however, are skills which are essential for you to progress in an ever-changing and increasingly competitive Filipino and global society. Good luck and mabuhay! ANDREW GONZALEZ, FSC SecretaryWhat is this Module All About? Have you ever bought in bulk? Or in large quantities? Have you received discounts in prices of goods because you bought in bulk? Or were you offered by store owners reasonable discounts as long as you continue patronizing their stores? What other incentives or come-ons have you noticed in stores such that customers will be attracted to buy? Have you experienced selling something for someone such that you are offered a percentage of the selling price if you are able to sell the goods? Or have you ever earned some money as commission? Given such situations, would you know how to compute for discounted prices? Do you know how to compute for your projected income out of your commissions? In this module, you will learn how to compute for percentages as applied in discounts, commissions, and mark-up in prices of commodities. You will also learn how to compute for ratio and proportion. What can You Learn from this Module? After studying this module, you can: + Understand the terms—commissions, discounts and discounted rates; «Change decimals to percent and percent to decimals; «# Useappropriate formulae in computing for discounts, commissions and discounted rates; Compute ratio and proportion; and « Appreciate what you have learned through applications in day to day situations. 1fi What Do You Know? Before proceeding to the lessons of this module, answer first the following questions to test what you already know about the topics of this module. Answer the following questions by doing some computations. ie There were 240 examinees who took the A&E test. Of this number, 35 percent got the score of 75. How many examinees got 75? Ans: Kenneth was able to sell goods worth P 144,000.00. If he is to earn 16% commission out of the total sale value, how much is his commission? Ans: A dress has a tag price of P3,750.00. The store that sells that dress is offering a 15% discount on the tag price. How much is the discount? What is the discounted price? Ans: discount = discounted price = A bracelet costs P4,500.00. The seller has a mark-up of 80% on the capital or original cost. How much is the original cost of the bracelet? Ans:A buy and sell agent earned a total commission of P6,500.00 for the month of April. If his commission is at 15%, how much was the total sale worth? Ans: ‘Write the ratio for each of the following: 6. ue 10. a day toa week 6 balls to three boys 5 baskets to 50 papayas 10 NFE learners to 150 learning modules ten books to four pupils Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 31. Ifyou got all the correct answers, congratulations! However, it is better if you still study this module for additional knowledge. Ifyou didn’t get all the correct answers, don’t worry. This module will help you learn more about percentages, discounts, discounted rates, commissions, ratio and proportion. You can now proceed to page 4 for Lesson 1.Lesson 1 Computing for Commissions Are you interested in earning extra income? If given the opportunity to do so, would you be able to compute for your earnings? This lesson will show you a step by step process on how you can compute for earnings derived from commissions. & Read This na Mang Andy is a diligent and hardworking salesman and real estate broker. From his earnings, he was able to save enough money to build his own house and send his three children to college. Maybe, Mang Andy is earning quite well as a salesman and real estate broker.Let’s find out. Just recently, Mang Andy was able to facilitate the purchase ofa house and lot for one of his clients. The value of purchase amounted to P3,000,000.00 (three million pesos). If Mang Andy is to earn a 10% commission out of the total value of sales, how much do you think will Mang Andy earn? Let’s compute. Here are the steps: ° First, determine what are the givens. The following are the givens: Total value of sales =P3,000,000.00 % of commission = 10% Second, determine what is asked. Question asked: How much is the commission of Mang Andy? Third, determine the mathematical process to be used. Process to be used: Multiplication Fourth, solve for the answer. P3,000,000.00 x10 300,000.00 The answer is: Mang Andy’s commission is P300,000.00 (three hundred thousand pesos). Isn’t this a big amount? No wonder, Mang Andy is able to own a house and lot and send his children to college! 5What about you? Are you not interested to earn this much money? Of course, you are! But first, it is important that you learn how to compute for your expected income. zs Know This Percent means hundredth or by the hundred. The symbol for percent is %. You can understand percent better by studying the table below: Illustration Fraction Decimal Percent 4 50 a. 2% 100 50 50% 1 b. 4 % 400 25 25% 3 75 °. a 0 465 7 75% When you say 50 percent, it also means fifty hundredths. It is written as: 0.50 or 50%.When you say 25 percent, it is also twenty-five hundredths. It is written as 0.25 or 25%. For 75 percent, it is also 75 hundredths and is written as 0.75 or 75%. Terms expressed in percent can be written as fractions with a denominator of 100. Examples: 50% = 50/100 25% = 25/100 75% = 75/100 To help you understand better the concept of percent, here are some examples: 1. 40% of the tomatoes in the basket are green. It means that out of every 100 tomatoes, 40 are green. 2. 60% of the population are women. It means that out of every 100 persons in a place, 60 are women. 3. 75% of NFE learners are young adults. It means that out of every 100 NFE learners, 75 are young adults.? Answer This Give the meaning of the following statements: 1. 20% of the books are mathematics books. It means that 2. 50% of the trees are fruit trees. It means that 3. 60% of the furniture are made of wood. It means that 4. 25% of the plants are flowering plants. It means that 5. 15% of the harvested com are infested with insects. It means that Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 31. a) Know This Commissions are usually stated in percent. So, if you are given a 15% commission, it means that for everyP 100.00 that you sell, you are givenP 15.00 as commission. If you are able to sell 1,000.00, your commission will amount to P150.00. Your commission becomes bigger as you are able to sell more goods at bigger values. In the case of Mang Andy, he earns a lot from commissions because he sells houses and lots worth millions of pesos.Lesson 2 Changing Decimals to Percent and Percent to Decimals You already learned about fractions and decimals. Percent can also be written in fraction form and decimal form. When you say 30 percent, it also means 30 hundredths. In fraction form, it is written as 30/100. In decimal form, it is written as 0.30. In percent, itis written as 30%. In this lesson, you will learn to change decimals to percent- ages and percentages to decimals. Here is how to change a decimal to percent. Example: .25 = ______ percent Step 1. Move the decimal point two places to the right. .25 ——— 25. Step 2. Affix the percent sign. .25 ———25.% = 25%Let’s have another example. Example: Change 1.75 to percent. To do it, follow the steps outlined above. Step 1. Move the decimal point two places to the RIGHT. 1.75 ———_—— 175 Step 2. Affix the percent sign, 175 ———— 175% ? Answer This Change the following decimals to percent. 2.00 = 3.75 = .09 875 641 e129) 2.65 1.75 485 = 25 = SeEMAIAMNRYWNH 1 Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 32 of this module.a Remember Steps in changing decimals to percent: Step 1. Move the decimal point two places to the right. Step 2. Affix the percent sign. Examples: a) .75 = 75% b) 3 = 30% c) 875 = 87.5% d) 1.74= 174% e) 25 = 250% Now that you know how to change decimals to percent, you will also learn how to change percent to decimals. Here is how to do it. Example: Change 8% to decimal. Step 1. Give the fractional equivalent. 8% = 8/100 Step 2. Change or rename the fraction as a decimal. 8/100 = .08Here are other examples. See how the following percent are changed to decimals step by step. Step 1 Step 2 Give the fractional equivalent. | Rename the fraction asa decimal. y a) 4% ——4/100 = 04 b) 6%———— 6/100 = 06 c) 12% 12/100 = 12 d) 30% 30/100 730) e) 89% 89/100 = 89 po Do This Change the following to decimals. Show the steps. Step 1 Step 2 1 5% 2 = 2 2. 9% 2 = 2 3. 15% : = . 4, 35% 2 7 2 5. 20.5% 2 = 2 Compare your answers with the answers provided in the Answer Key on page 32 of this module.There is a shortcut to changing percent to decimal. Just move the decimal point two places to the LEFT and drop the percent sign. Examples: 8% = 08 34.5% = 345 885% = 8.85 29% = 29 21.6% = 216 A Remember To change percent to decimals: Move the decimal point two places to the left and drop the percent sign. Examples: 25% 25 129% = .129Lesson 3 Discounts and Discounted Prices Have you been to midnight sales offered by big department stores? Do you think the savings you got from the discounts is worth all the haggling and bargaining you exerted during midnight sales? Would you know how to compute for the savings you get out of discounts and discounted prices? In this lesson, you will learn how to compute for discounts and discounted prices.aa Know This A discount is an amount or a percent deducted from a price. Discounted prices are the prices of commodities sold lower than the regular prices. It also means selling goods below the regular price. Discounts in sales are usually displayed in tag prices indicating the percentage of discounts they offer. Customers are attracted to midnight sales because of the prospect of buying things at 50% discount. This means that goods are sold at halfof its regular price. Since discounts are stated in percentages, it is easy to compute for the amount you are going to save from buying things during midnight sales. Here’s an example: Zeny was in the thick ofa midnight sale in MegaMart last May 15. Her total purchases amounted toP 15,000.00 at discounted prices. If all the things she bought were priced at 50% discount, how much would Zeny have paid if she had bought those things at their regular price? Let’s find out how much Zeny should have paid? Step 1. Find out the given facts. The given facts are: " Total purchases P 15,000.00 Percent of discount = 50%Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Find out what is asked in the problem. Question asked: How much would Zeny have paid if she bought them at regular prices? Determine the operation to be used. Division Write down the number sentence. Let. x represent the regular price. 50% of x =P15,000.00 Solve the problem. 50%x = P15,000.00 (writing 50% in decimal form = .50) -50x = 15,000.00 (divide by .50 both sides of the equation) -50x/.50 = P 15,000.00/.50 x = — P15,000.00/.50 x = P 30,000.00 Zeny would have paid P30,000.00 for all the things that she bought if she purchased them at regular prices. What a big savings for her! No wonder, she sweats it out during midnight sales.Ifyou were Zeny, would you do the same? I bet you will, considering the amount of savings you will get. Let’s try solving another problem. Aida had been wanting to buy a new dress. She already found what she wanted but she considered the price too high for her budget. She wished, however, that the store would offer the dress at a discounted price during their monthly sales. One day, Aida was surprised to see the dress being offered at 15% discount. Aida did not waste any time in buying that dress. If the dress was originally priced at 795.00, how much was Aida able to save when the dress was sold at 15% discount? Let’s solve the problem following the steps. Step 1. Given facts: Regular price of the dress = P795.00 Discount offered = 15% Step 2. Question asked: How much was Aida able to save because of the discount? Step 3. Operation(s) to be used: Multiplication Step 4. Number sentence: Let, represent the discount. 715% x P795.00 = y Step 5. Solve the problem. P795 x15 P119.25 = the amount Aida saved a Know This Solving problems involving percentage becomes easier if. you follow this formula: P=Bxr Where P = _ percentage B= base r = rate, usually expressed in % In other words, percentage is the product of the base times the rate. Example: A mechanic who earned? 1,500.00 spent 30% of his earnings to buy a wrist watch. Step 1: Given facts: P 1,500.00 = amount earned 30% = rate used to buy wrist watch Step 2. Question asked: How much is the wrist watch? 18Step 3. Use the formula: P=Bxr Step 4: Solve the problem: Using the formula, substitute the values: Base = P1,500.00 and r = 30% P= 1,500.00 x 30% (converting 30% into decimal form = .30 and substitute this to the formula) P = 1,500 x 30 = 450 So, the value of the wrist watch is P450.00. Another example: A car dealer sold a second hand “Ford” forP8,500.00. The profit was 1,232.50. The profit was what percent of the selling price? Step 1. Given facts: Percentage =P 1,232.50 Base =?8,500.00 Step 2. Question asked: The profit was what percent of the selling price? 19Step 3. Use the formula by substituting the givens to the formula. Step 4. Solve the problem. Solve the problem by substituting the givens in the formula. eT, 1,232.50 = P8,500.00 xr or P8,500xr = P1,232.50 Dividing both sides of the equation by P8,500, the equation becomes r = P1,232.50/P8,500.00 r = 0.145 or 14.5% Answer: The profit of P1,232.50 is 14.5% of the selling price. ae Solve This Here’s some problems for you to solve. Show the steps. 1. Jose received 250.00 from his godfather last Christmas. He spent 50% of it for anew T-shirt. What is the cost of the T-shirt? 2. Mr. Villano receives a monthly salary of P 3,000.00 month. His family spends 70% of it for their food. How much does the family spend for food? 203. There are 500 trees in an orchard. 20% are mango trees. How many are mango trees? 4. Ronnie raises chickens to augment their family income. He sells the eggs that he gathers daily from the chicken at 5% lower than the price in the market. If the market price for eggs is P 3.00 per piece, how much is Ronnie selling his eggs? 5. Acar dealer was able to sell a car worthP450,000.00. He was given 30% commission? How much did he earn? Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 32. a Remember To solve a word problem, follow these steps mentally: Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Find out the given facts; Find the question being asked; Determine the operation to be used; Write down the number sentence; and Solve the problem. DEP ED CENTRAL LIBRARY MERALCO AVE. PASIG CITY 21Lesson 4 Ratio And Proportion Now that you know how to compute for percentages as applied in commissions and discounts, you will learn in this lesson how to compute for ratio and proportion. & Read This Joseph is an apprentice cook in a restaurant. He had been asked to do simple tasks such as preparing simple recipes and cleaning the kitchen area. One day, the assistant cook got sick and failed to report for work. It was a weekend and usually the restaurant is full. There were several orders and the chief cook couldn’t prepare all of them. He asked Joseph to prepare the orders of some of the customers. There was an order for 30 hot cakes. A recipe needs 3 eggs to make 5 hot cakes. Joseph is asked to prepare the eggs for 30 hot cakes. How many eggs will he need? In solving the problem, you have to use ratio and proportion. Q Know This In the previous lesson, you have learned that percent is another way of comparing a number with the whole, while its equivalent in decimal is comparing with one unit. An example is 50% which is equivalent in decimal to 0.5. The number 50% 22compares the number 50 with 100 and 0.5 compares the 0.5 with 1. The equivalent in fraction of 50% and 0.5 is 4. %is an indicated division and sometimes interpreted as comparing or relating 1 by the number 2. The fraction % can also be expressed as 1:2 and read as “the ratio of 1 to 2”. If expressed in fractional equivalent as 1 divided by 2, the idea of comparison of two numbers is hidden. Ratio is a relation between two numbers expressed in terms of a quotient. Example 1: The ratio of 4:5 is what ratio based upon a second term of 1? Answer: The ratio 4:5 is the same as 4/5 to 1, or 0.8:1 or 0.8/1. Example 2: What number has a ratio comparison with 1 in the same way that 3 compares with 6? Answer: Since 3/6 = ¥2, %: 1 has the same ratio as 2/6 = .5 or 2 =.5 is the same as 2/6 = .5. The equality of two ratios is called proportion. Proportion is basically written as illustrated below: 3/6 = %2= 4/8 = 5/10 = 10/20 = 100/200, etc. The formula below can be useful in representing ratio and proportion. alb=c/d In the formula, a and d are called extremes while b and ¢ are called means. 23The ratios are multiplied to maintain the equality concept of two ratios. Thus a is multiplied by d and b by e. In example 2, °/,= '/,, 3 is multiplied by 2 = 6 and 6 is multiplied by 1=6. Example 3: An NFE Facilitator found that there are 200 boys and 400 girls in all his sessions. Give the ratio of (a) boys to girls and (b) girls to boys? Solution: a: boystogirls = _ boys/girls 200 to 400 = 200/400 = % The answer indicates that there are 200 boys as compared with 400 girls or there is one (1) boy for every two girls or the ratio of boys to girls is one is to two (1:2). b. girls to boys = girls/boys 400 to 200 = 400/200 2 The answer indicates that there are 400 girls for every 200 boys; two girls for every boy, or the ratio of girls to boys is two is to one. Example 4: Supply the missing term in x/10 = 2/5. Solution: By proportion: x/10 = 2/5 2 (2)) 1012) x = 20/5 x = 4gS Study This Proportions have four terms. There are instances, however, when only three terms are given. To complete the proportion you must look for the missing term or number. Look at this example: means 4:N=10:5 — extremes. In the example above, the second term or number is missing. N stands for the missing term or number. Here’s how to find the missing term or number ina proportion. Step 1. Setup the equation. Get the product of the means and the product of the extremes. 10xN = 4x5 10N = 20 Step 2. Since you are looking for N, the missing number, remove number 10 from the left side of the equation by dividing both sides by 10. 10N 20 10N/10 = 20/10 (Remember: When both sides of the equation are divided by equals, the results are still equal). 25Step3. Solve forN. 10xN = 4x5 10N = 20 10N/10 = 20/10 IN = 2 N = 2 To check if? is really the missing number, substi- tute N by 2 in the given example: 4:2 = 10:5 Product of the extremes: 4 x 5=20 Product ofthe means: 2 10=20 The product of the extremes is 20; the product of the means is also 20. Therefore, 2 is the correct number to complete the proportion. Thus the proportion concept can be stated as the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes. Going back to the problem of Joseph about the number of eggs that he will prepare to come up with 30 hot cakes, use the formula for solving proportion. Here’s how to solve the problem step by step: Step 1: Write down the given facts. 26Step 2: Given: 3 eggs for 5 hot cakes 2 eggs for 30 hot cakes? Set up the equation: 3:5 = N:30 5xN = 3x30 5N = 90 Step 2. Since you are looking for N, the missing number, remove number 5 from the left side of the equation by dividing both sides by 5. Step 3: Solve for N. S5N/5 = 90/5 N = 90/5 N = 18 Check if 18 is the correct value for N; substitute 18 in the equation: 3:5 = 18:30 Multiply the means: 5x 18=90 Multiply the extremes: 3 x 30=90 Since the product of the means (90) is equal to the product of the extremes (also 90), 18 is the correct value for N. 27oP Do This Solve the following problems using ratio and proportion. ils Annie can sew 100 baby dresses in 2 days. How many baby dresses can she sew in 5 days? IfI can buy 10 pencils for P 35.00, how much shall have to pay for 30 pencils? If2 kilograms of meat costP 152.00, how much will five kilograms of meat cost? Romano earned P 90.00 for working 8 hours. If he wants to earn P 630.00, how many hours must he work? Ifone case of soft drinks costsP 108.00, how much will 5 cases of soft drinks cost? Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 35. a Remember To solve problems involving ratio and proportion, use the formula: A:B=C:D The product of the means equals the product of the extremes. 28Congratulations! You have finished studying this module. Now, its time for you to test how much you have learned by answering some questions. Congratulations! You have finished studying this module. Now, its time for you to test how much you have learned by answering some questions. & What Have You Learned? Answer the following questions by doing some computations. A. Write the following as decimals and as percent. Decimal Form Percent Form 1. 40/100 2. 82/100 3. 12/100 4. 9/100 5. 76/100 B. Solve the following problems. 1. Eric earned P1,000.00 from selling old newspapers. He gave his mother 30% of his earnings. How much did Eric give to his mother? 2. During summer, Tin-tin helped Jon-jon sell goods in the market. Their total sales amounted to P10,950.00. They were very happy. Jon-jon 29gave Tin-tin a 10% commission for helping him. How much was Tin-tin’s commission? Razelle and Jenny were able to sell all the fruits they were asked to sell by their neighbor. Total sales amounted to P9,400.00. They are sure to earn 15% of total sales as commission. How much have they earned? Bitoy was able to sell an insurance plan worth 350,000.00. Ifhe is to be given 35% commission, how much will he earn? Maria bought their new refrigerator ina sale. The regular price of a refrigerator is 12,000.00. Maria bought her unit for only P10,500.00? How much discount was she able to get? If200 sheets of bond paper costs P 50.00, how much will 500 sheets cost? Acar can travel 120 kilometers in 2 hours. How many kilometers can it travel in 8 hours? One meter of ribbon costs ? 6.00. How many meters of ribbon can I get if I pay P 36.00? A carpenter earned P 1,500.00 for working 8 hours. Ifhe wants to earn P 3,000.00, how many hours must he work? Arecipe fora cake needs 5 eggs. How many eggs are needed to prepare 10 cakes? 30Vv Answer Key A. What Do You Know? (page 2) 16 2. w Ii een ey Na tal 84 pupils got the score of 75 P23,040.00 = 16% commission of Kenneth P562.50 = discount P3,187.50 = discounted price P2,500.00 = original cost of bracelet P43,333.34 1:7 6:7 5:50 10: 150 10:4 B. Lesson 1 Answer This (page 8) 1. It means that out of every 100 books, 20 are mathematics books. It means that out of every 100 trees, 50 are fruit- bearing trees. It means that out of every 100 furniture, 60 are made of wood. It means that out of every 100 plants, 25 are flowering plants. It means that out of every 100 corns harvested, 15 are infested with insects. 31Lesson 2 Answer This (page 10) 1. 200% 6. 12.5% 2. 375% 7. 265% 3. 9% 8. 175% 4. 87.5% 9. 48.5% 5. 64.1% 10. 250% Do This (page 12) 1. 5% = 5/100 = 05 2. 9% = 9/100 = 09 Chobe = IBY) Ob a 50h 150/100 35) 5. 20.5% = 20.5/100 = .205 Lesson 3 Solve This (page 20) 1. Step1: Given facts ?250—Jose’s money 50% —used to buy a t-shirt Step 2: Whatis the cost of the t-shirt? Step 3: Use the formula P=Bxr Substitute the given in the formula 32Step 4: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 1: Step 2: P=250 x 50% Solve: P= P250 x .50 = P125.00 — cost of t-shirt Given facts P3,000.00—monthly salary 70% — rate spent for food How much does the family spend for food? Substitute the given in the formula oe P= 3,000.00 x 70% Solve the problem P= P3,000 x 70% = 3,000 x .70 = P2,100.00 — amount spent for food Know the given 500 — number of trees in the orchard 20% — percent are mango trees How many are the mango trees? 33Step 3: Step 4: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3. Step 4: Substitute in the formula P=Bxr = 500 x 20% Solve the problem P= 500 x 20% = 500 x .20 = 100-mango trees Know the given P3.00—market price of eggs per piece 5 %—rate lower than the market price How much is the selling price of the eggs? Substitute in the formula P=Bxr = P3.00 x 5% Solve the problem P= P3.00 x 5% = P3.00 x .05 = PO.15 — amount less than the given price in the market P3.00 -P0.15 P2.85 — selling price of Ronnie’s eggs 345. Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Given facts P450,000.00 — worth of the car 30% — rate of commission How much did the car dealer earn? Substitute in the formula P=Bxr = P450,000.00 x 30% Solve the problem P=Bxr = P450,000.00 x 30% = P450,000.00 x .30 = P135,000.00—commission earned Lesson 4 Do This (page 28) 1. 100:2 2N 2N N N 2. 10:35 10N 10N N:5 5(100) 500 500/2 250 — number of dresses Annie can sew in 5 days 30:N 35(30) 1050 1050/10 105 353. 2: 152 2N 2N ee Z vou " 4. 90:8 = be lg 108 = Ne N P105.00 — amountneeded to pay for 30 pencils 5:N 5(152) 760 760/2 380 ?380.00— cost of 5 kilos of meat 630:N 630(8) 5,040 5,040/90 56 — number ofhours Romano must work in order to earn P630.00 5:N 5(108) P540.00- cost of 5 cases of softdrinks F. What Have You Learned? (page 29) AL 2. 3. 4. 5. B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Decimal Form Percent Form 40/100 0.40 S 40% 82/100 = 082 = 82% 12/100 0.12 = 12% 9/100 0.09 = 9% 76/100 = 0.76 = 76% P300.00 6. P125.00 P1,095.00 7. P480.00 P1,410.00 8. 6 meters P122,500.00 9. 16 hours 12.5% 10. S0eggs 36