Pendulum experiment to calculate 𝑔

This report demonstrates how to use the basic pendulum experiment to obtain an approximation of 'g.' There are
other factors we may investigate, including displacement, angle, damping, bob mass, and others. The variable we
will be looking at is the length of the swinging pendulum.

By reproducing the experiment and discovering an appropriate value for 'g' in this report. It will then be compared
2
to the universally recognized value of 9. 806𝑚/𝑠 .

Equation:
𝐿
𝑇 = 2𝜋 𝑔

Thus by measuring the period of of a pendulum as well as its length, we can determine the value of 𝑔
2
4π𝐿
𝑔= 2
𝑇

A simple pendulum exhibits simple harmonic motion, which is defined by an acceleration

proportional to displacement and directed towards the centre of motion.

According to Equation 1, the period T of a swinging pendulum is equal to the square root of
the pendulum's length L. T is the time in seconds, L is the length in metres, and 𝑔 is the
gravitational acceleration in metres per second. Our raw data should show a square-root
connection between period and duration. In order to determine an appropriate value for 'g,' I
2
will plot 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒 vs the length (L) of the pendulum. We will be able to generate a straight-line
graph with a gradient.

Raw Data
Length (cm) Time taken for 10 oscillations (s)

Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 3T av

9.4 ± 0. 3 6.10 6.26 6.19 6.183

12.8± 0. 3 7.24 7.21 7.43 7.293

22.1± 0. 3 9.26 9.33 9.48 9.357

28.1± 0. 3 10.54 10.79 10.54 10.623

43.1± 0. 3 12.97 12.91 12.78 12.887

49.1± 0. 3 13.55 13.67 13.25 13.49

Processed data
This table shows the values of T, time.
Length (m) Time period / [s^2]
T av T av^2(av of one oscillation sqrd) Uncertainty of Tav
0.094 0.618 0.382 0.08
0.128 0.729 0.532 0.11
0.221 0.936 0.876 0.11
0.281 1.062 1.128 0.13
0.431 1.289 1.662 0.01
0.491 1.349 1.820 0.21

Uncertainty data
This table shows the uncertainties of T, time.
Length/(m) Unc T/s % Unc T/% Unc T^2/s^2
0.094 0.08 1.29 0.001
0.128 0.11 1.51 0.016
0.221 0.11 1.18 0.021
0.281 0.13 1.22 0.028
0.431 0.01 0.78 0.026
0.491 0.21 1.56 0.057

% Unc T=0.08/0.618
Unc T^2=1.29/100 x 2 x 0.382

Ave time of 1 oscillation against length

 2
The graph shows 𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒 vs the length (L) of the pendulum. The graph and its values produce a correlation of
0.9988

Bibliography
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Book%3A_Introductory_Physics_-_Building_Models_to
_Describe_Our_World_(Martin_Neary_Rinaldo_and_Woodman)/27%3A_Guidelines_for_lab_related_activities/27.
08%3A_Sample_lab_report_(Measuring_g_using_a_pendulum)

https://www.academyden.com/physics-lab-report-example-period-of-pendulum/

https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/campuspress.yale.edu/dist/e/472/files/2015/06/Pendulum-Lab-1hxxdxm.pdf