Cavitation Questions Latest Cavitation MCQ Objective Que: Perea ecu) Start Complete Exam Preparation ica) ee feed Pa MasterClasses (J Question Bank Exlticr) Jownload App Question 1: View this Question Online > Which of the following expressions give the Thoma’s cavitation factor (3), which is basically used to determine whether cavitation will occur in any portion of the turbine? Where, H, = atmospheric pressure head, Hy = vapour pressure head, H, = suction pressure head, H = working head of turbine. 1. (Ha + Hy - Ho) /H 2. (Ha-Hg/H 3. (Hy- HJ /H 4. (Ha - Hy- Hy) /H Answer (Detailed Solution Belov) Option 4: (Hs-Hy- HHcoaching for all govt. exams Under One Roof FREE) Demo Classes Available cad ‘Ace your Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachinery preparations for Pumps with us and master Cavitation for your exams. Learn today! Cavitation Question 1 Detailed Solution Explanation: Cavitation + Cavitation is the phenomenon of the formation of vapor bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid and sudden collapsing of these bubbles in the region of higher pressure. + In centrifugal pumps, the cavitation may occur at the inlet of the impeller of the pump or at the suction side of the pump where the pressure is considerably low. So to avoid cavitation pressure on the suction side should be high. In order to determine whether cavitation will occur in any portion of the suction side of the pump, the critical value of Thoma’s cavitation factor is calculated. + The hydraulic machines subjected to cavitation are reaction turbines and centrifugal pumps. Thoma’s cavitation factor: + Thome’s cavitation parameter (0): It is the ratio of the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) to the total head. + NPSH: It is defined as the net head developed at the suction port of the pump, in excess of the head due to the vapor pressure of the liquid at the temperature in the pump. From the definition of othoma, = HyHy-H, Thoma = —* Pp — + So, the correct answer is option 4. Where Hy is the vapor pressure head, Ha is the at head pressure head, and H, is the suction + If, Hs = Hy may then 9 = 9¢+ Where, ocis the critical cavitation factor + The turbine manufacturer will specify the critical value of Toma's cavitation factor after performing testing. If the height of the Draft tube is increased then the pressure of the pressure at the exit of the turbine decreases and if it falls below the vapor pressure then the cavitation starts. The critical cavitation factor is the cavitation factor corresponding to the 10% drop in the efficiency of the turbine due to cavitation. © aaditi LInf ti + if Thoma’s cavitation factor is greater than its critical value then there is no cavi * The draft tube is used in the reaction turbine to convert the exit velocity head into the pressure head, the height of the draft tube should be such that pressure at the inlet of the draft tube is greater than vapor pressure. + if pressure is less than vapor pressure then cavitation takes place. * Draft tube is not used in impulse. impulse turbines have no cavitation because they are open to the atmosphere. everywhere there is atmospheric pressure. eRe amon Pertti) ee AS ETa moi) (1M Cle aa) Pari = ree ) eran Pern Download App fosciaperry Question 2: View this Question Online > Which of the following materials are used as a cavitation resistant material to minimise the effect of cavitation? 1. Cast iron 2. Aluminium, : . By 4. Stainless steel Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Stainless steelCavitation Question 2 Detailed Solution Explanati Cavitation: + It is the phenomenon in which formation of vapour bubbles are takes place in’@ region where the pressure of flowing fluid is less than its vapour pressure, and then:the vapour bubbles collapse in the high pressure region which creates very high pressure on the surface on which vapour bubbles collapse. + The high pressure exerted on the surface causes pitting or-erosion of surface, thus cavitation occurs which causes noise and vibration also. Methods to prevent cavitation: + The pressure of fluid flowlifigjanrough any hydraulic system should not be less than the vapour pressure. + Special materials like stelfff2, bronze, nickel, stainless steel, are cavitation resistant material, it should be used. Effects of cavitation: + Damage of metallic surface on which cavitation occurs + Noise and vibration due to sudden collapse of vapour bubble. * It reduces the efficiency of turbine. Thus, option (4) is correct answer. & CR SRR Rela) Start Complete Exam Preparation Panes aera iets t Rea cen Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > The predominant fluid property associated with cavitation phenomenon 1. surface tension 2. vapour pressure 3. mass densityO (2. <7 4. bulk modulus of elasticity i % ¥ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: vapour pressure Cavitation Question 3 Detailed Solution Explanation: Cavitation: + Cavitation is defined as the phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure and the sudden collapsing of these vapour bubbles in a region of higher pressure. + When the vapour bubbles collapse, a very high pressure is created. + The metallic surfaces, above which these vapour bubbles collapse, is subjected to these high pressures, which cause pitting action on the surface. + Thus cavities are formed on the metallic surface and also considerable n are produced, * Cavitation includes formation of vapour bubbles of the flowing liquid and collapsing of the | vapour bubbles. [ + Formation of vapour bubbles of the flowing liquid take place only wheriever the presatire in any region falls below vapour pressure. = When the pressure of the flowing liquid is less than its vapour pressie, the liquid starts boiling and vapour bubbles are formed. + These vapour bubbles are carried along with the Aaya a to higher pressure zones where these vapours condense and bubbles collapse. + Due to sudden collapsing of the bubbles on themetallic Sutface, high pressure is produced and metallic surfaces are subjected to high local stresses. Thus the surfaces are damaged. @ and vibrations Effects of Cavitation: + The metallic surfaces are damaged and cavities are formed on the surfaces. + Due to sudden collapse of vapour bubble, considerable noise and vibrations are produced. + The efficiency of a turbine decreases due to cavitation. Due to pitting action, the surface of the turbine blades becomes rough and the force exerted by water on the turbine blades decreases, Hence, the work done by water or output horse power becomes less and thus efficiency decreases. Precaution against Cavitation: + The pressure of the flowing liquid in any part of the hydraulic system should not be allowed to fall below its vapour pressure. If the flowing liquid is water, then the absolute pressure head should not be below 2.5 m of wat. + The special materials or coatings such as aluminium-bronze and stainless steel, which are cavitation resistant materials, should be used. DRE Re sera nt peeiu) Rear eto:eee Practice i eas sold resieacoi’ Exotic ry Download App Question 4: View this Question Online > The cavitation damage in the turbine runner occurs: 1. near the inlet on the concave side of blades 2. regen the convex side of blades 3. near the inlet on the convex side of blades 4. near the outlet on the cancave side of blades Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: near the outlet on the convex side of blades Cavitation Question 4 Detailed Solution Explanation: Cay ion: + Cavitation is the phenomenon of the formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid and sudden collapsing of these bubbles in the region of higher pressure. * Cavitation starts onl * pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure of that liquid. «The hydraulic machines subjected to cavitation are reaction turbines and centrifugal pumps. + In order to determine whether cavitation will occur in any portion of the suction side of the pump, the critical value of Thoma’s cavitation factor is calculated. + The cavitation damage in turbine runner occurs near the outlet on the convex side of blades. * Cavitation in turbines affects the turbine's irregular collapse of vapour cavities, Vibration of turbine parts, loss of turbine material, and reduction in efficiency of the turbine.India’s #1 Learning Platform Ree Oa acest Start Complete Exam Preparation Bee ed Dac aa Ce cl esieucas BXtiz Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > The place where cavitation is most likely to occur in the hydraulic turbine is 1. Inlet of turbine casing 2. Inlet of guide vane 3. Inlet of turbine runner 4, Inlet of draft tube Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Inlet of draft tube We eretion Question 5 Detailed Solution Concept + Cavitation is the phenomenon of the formation of vapor bubbles of 2 flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid and sudden collapsing of these bubbles in the region of higher pressure. + In reaction turbines, the pressure of the working fluid changes gradually as it passes through the runner along with the change in its kinetic energy based on absolute velocity due to the impulse action between the fluid and the runner. + At the exit of the rotor, the pressure of the working flui below the vapor pressure of the working fluid then ca the rotor. + Due to cavitation, the metal of the runner vanes is gradually eaten away, which results in lowering the efficiency of the turbine is lowest, if the pressure falls ration may occur at the outlet of Draft Tube: + The draft tube is a conduit that connects the runner exit to the tailrace where the water is finally discharged from the turbine. It is used with reaction turbines only.The draft tube has two purposes as follows if i) It permits a negative or suction head to be established at the runner exit, thus making it possible to install the turbine above the tailrace level without loss head. ii) It converts a large proportion of velocity energy rejected from the runner into useful pressure energy. A draft tube is made divergent so as to reduce the velocity at the outlet to a minimum, Therefore, a draft tube is basically a diffuser and should be designed properly with the angle between the walls of the tube to be limited to about 8 degrees so as to prevent the flow separation from the wall and to reduce accordingly the loss of energy in the tube. Turbine|Casing a Inlet of Draft Tube From the equation of the continuity, ANY = AaV2 Vata The area at the exit is higher, therefore the velocity of discharged water will be lower. Explanation: * The place where cavitation is most likely to occur in the hydraulic turbine is the Inlet of the draft tube or at the exit of the turbine rotor, &; Additional Informa’ Cavitation in Centrifugal Pump: + In centrifugal pumps, cavitation may occur at the inlet of the impeller of the pump or at the suction side of the pumps, where the pressure is considerably reduced. + Cavitation also occurs in reciprocating pumps if there is a high-velocity suction or discharge. Top Cavi n MCQ Objective Questions rd ree ta eect PS eTa me (CM cima yl hecel)ei abe mao Download App Question 6 View this Question Online > Cavitation parameter is defined by 1, ee Answer (Detailed Solution Below) PR Option 4: re Cavitation Question 6 Detailed Solution Concept: Cay Cavitation is the formation ai pressure. Itoccurs when the static pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure. ion se of vapour bubbles in a flowing liquid in a region of very low Cavitation is a common problem encountered in pumps and control valves; one that causes serious wear and tears and can reduce a component's time - in - service dramatically o = P-Py = Pressure—vapor pressure Cay . Spe Freres Pree ion parameter or number! Ifo values come out (-)ve, then cavit tion will take place.ee aR all T+ Bale AS ETa meee) (1M Cl de) Daily Live oes Giees Question Bank CROC DRE Src actton Download App Question 7 ), View this Question Online > Cavitation begins when 1. The pressure is increased rapidly 2. The Flow is increased suddenly 3 ~ becomes more than the critical pressure 4, The pressure falls below its vapour pressure and sudden bursting the bubble in high pressure zone Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: The pressure falls below its vapour pressure and sudden bursting the bubble in high pressure zone Cavitation Question 7 Detailed Solution Explanation: Cavitation: + Cavitation is the phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid and sudden collapsing of these bubbles in the region of higher pressure. + Cavitation starts only when the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure of that liquid. : + The hydraulic i? cavitation are reaction turbines and centrifugal pumps. * In order to determine cavitation will occur in any portion of the suction side of the pump, the critical value of Thoma's cavitation factor is calculated. Effects of cavitation: + The metallic surfaces are damaged and cavities are formed on the surfaces.ee PERE EA Saar re Ore eer Me eae re rey are eens SURO A ere Ean MUR rN Ce nee produced, + Due to cavitation, the metal of the runner vanes and the draft tube is gradually eaten away, which results in lowering the efficiency of the turbine. eee eeu) © ssiciiys os 0 ates Silda Start Complete Exam Preparation eae Cie Care Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > Cavitation phenomenon can take place in 1. Pelton turbine 2. Reciprocating pump 3. Centrifugal pump 4. Tangential flow turbine Answer (Detailed Solution Below) “Bah: 3: Centrifugal pump Cavitation Question 8 Detailed Solution Explanation: Cavitation: Cavitation is the phenomenon of the formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid and sudden collapsing of these bubbles in the region of higher pressure. RotationCollapsing Bubbles Centrifugal Pump Cavitation How Cavitation occurs in centrifugal pump: + Ina centrifugal pump, the pressure is lowest at the inlet of the impeller and hence vapour bubbles are formed in the suction region. + These bubbles are carried along with the flowing liquid to higher pressure region near the exit of the impeller where these vapour bubbles condense and bubbles collapse, * Due to the sudden collapsing of bubbles on a metallic surface, high pressure is created, which cause pitting action on a metallic surface and produces much noise and vibrations. + When these bubbles moved to the high-pressure region the high-pressure fluid collapses these bubbles and strikes to the wall. * Due to this striking, high amount of noise and wear afd tear d¢cur, and such a phenomenon is known as cavitation. + The main reason for cavitation is the low pressure of the fluid and hence cavitation is also known as a low-pressure en b Factors responsible for cavitation + High impeller speed + Small diameter of the suction pipe and inlet of the impeller + Too high specific speed + Required NPSH > Available NPSH + The high temperature of flowing fluid The harmful effects of cavitation are:- + Pitting and erosion of the surface + A sudden drop in head, efficiency * Noise and vibration. Eee etc) Pela me) (CM emda yee lated) Reo eros tr ces one eras rece reste Er)Download App ‘Question 9 View this Question Online > Which of the following statements are TRUE, when the cavitation parameter o = 0? i. the local pressure is reduced to vapor pressure ii. cavitation starts i. boiling of liquid starts _ stops andiv 2. only ii and iti 3. onlyiiand 4. iiiandiii Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: ji, ji and ii Cavitation Question 9 Detailed Solution Explanation: Thoma’s cavitation parameter (0): It is the ratio of Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) to the total head. yes — (me) SE = See o NPSH: Itis defined as the net head developed at the suction port of the pump, in excess of the head due to the vapour pressure of the ¢ the temperature in the pump. NPSH must be positive for cllinghor cavitations may damage the pump. If NPSH reaches preventing the liquid from boilin zero then the liquid starts boiling and cavitation starts. Cavitation: It is defined as the phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a ranion where the nreeeure of the liquid faile helow ite vanour preeeure and the «iddencollapse, very high pressure is created. Effects of cavitation: (i) The metallic surfaces are damaged and cavities are formed on the surfaces. (ii) Due to the sudden collapse of the vapour bubble, considerable noise and vibrations are produced. (ji) Due to cavitation, the metal of the runner vanes and the draft tube is gradually eaten away, which results in lowering the efficiency of the turbine. ee ee) PS Elam CM cin re- yl li tel) Ca A ccc Wears ares Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Why is a minimum of Net Positive Suction Head required for a hydraulic pump? 1. To prevent cavitation 2. To increase discharge 3. To increase suction head _ efficiency Answer (Detailed Solution Bolow) Option 1: To prevent cavitation Cavitation Question 10 Detailed Solution Explanation: Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH):+ The Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is defined as the absolute pressure head at the inlet to the pump, minus the vapour pressure head (in absolute units) plus the velocity head. =A Rp NPSL = bFee where, P) = Absolute pressure at the inlet of the pump, P, = Vapour pressure at the inletivs = Velocity of the fluid in the suction pipe. + Vapour pressure is the amount of pressure required for a specific liquid to stay in liquid form. + When the pressure of the fluid falls below the Vapour pressure then cavitation occurs. + NPSH must be positive to prevent cavitation. + As the temperature of the liquid increases, the vapour pressure increases, decreasing the amount of NPSH. Cavitation: a Itis defined as the phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in @ region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure and the sudden collapsing of these vapour bubbles in a region of higher pressure. Effects of cavitation: + The metallic surfaces are damaged and cavities are formed on the surfaces. + Due to the sudden collapse of the vapour bubble, considerable noise and vibrations are produced, + Dus to cavitation, the metal of the runner vanes and the draft tube is gradually eaten away, which results in lowering the efficiency of the turbine, India's #1 Learning Platform ec ar c ott Start Complete Exam Preparation ete (aw) Prscice (on) Mocks Doster Download App Question 11 Vaew thas Gestion Baltes > The cavitation damage in the turbine runner occurs: 1. near the inlet on the concave side of blades 2. near the outlet on the convex side of blades 3. near the inlet on the convex side of blades4. near the outlet on the concave side of blades Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: near the outlet on the convex side of blades eRe aL aise OR Coe mr cesta Start Complete Exam Preparation rea Fb aac aaa Cold resteacg xtc) Jownload App Question 12 View this Question Online > In order to avoid cavitation in centrifugal pumps which one of the following helps? 1, Low suction pressure 2. High delivery pressure3. Low delivery pressure 4. High suction pressure Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: High suction pressure eRe se eon peti Start Complete Exam Preparation a) ret (Jie Cine jownload App CRCCC DAR A ect igQuestion 13 View this Question Online > Cavitation in a pipe is caused when:- 1. High velocity 2. Pressure approaches vapour pressure 3. Low velocity 4. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2:: Pressure approaches vapour pressure & Tee ane Cia) Ree ceo Start Complete Exam Preparation kee Fons ices aca oe ‘Question Bank ExterDownload App Question 14 View this Question Online > Cavitation in a centrifugal pump is caused by: 1. Low flow velocity 2. High flow velocity 3. Low pressure 4. High pressure Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Low pressure& CR SRR Rela) CR Se Loa Start Complete Exam Preparation ieee chia reir Download App Question 15 View this Question Online > In which case Cavitation phenomenon occurs? 1. Centrifugal pump 2. Francis turbine 3. Reciprocating pump 4. All of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: All of the above