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    Тигран Котанджян
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    14 views318 pages

    Osnovy Odnoelektronnoi

    Uploaded by

    Тигран Котанджян

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 318
    JLH.Acmpeéos, A.A.Kayneecon OCHOBBI OAHODJIEKTPOHHOM TEOPHH TBEPOLO TEA M.: Hayka, Prapnas peaaxuns (pu3nKo-maremarHeckoit sumrepary ppi. 320 crp. Moxorpadua nocpalleHa 1310:KeHHIO OCHOB COBpeMeHHO!I KBaHTOBOI TeOopHH Teephoro Tea C MOMOUIbIO sA3bIKa mcesqonorenunana. Toka3aHo, 4To Hazen NICeBAONOTeHIHaa MOABIAIOTCA KAaK €CTECTBEHHOe CJIeCTBHe —NpHMeHeHHA KBaHTOBOMeXaHH4eCKOli TeopHH paccesHua (u3maraemoii B KHHre) K npodseme B3AaMMOeliCTBHA 9JIeKTPOHa C aTOMOM (HOHOM). OcoGoe BHHMaHHe yjemeHO TIPHHLANAM NOCTPOeHHs KPHCTasHYeCKHX NOTeHLUHasOB H TeOpHH IKpanHpoBanus. Ha SBbIKe TICEBAOMOTEHIHaTa PaCCMOTPeHbI OCHOBHbIe MONOxKeHHA 30HHOI TeopHu Tpoavas3uporana cBa3b Mealy Teopueli ncesgqonoTenuMana 1 OCHOBHbIMH MeToqaMu pacueta 5HepreTH4eckoi 30HHOM cTpyKTypbI (OTIB, TMB, KKP, KKP3). B kayectBe NIpHMepa MCHOMb3OBaHHA TEOPHH rceByONOTeHyHasa OSCy2KAeHO ee MpHMeHeHMe K OHO M3 aKTyabHDIX 3a7a% TeopHH (pa3zoBbIx npespamennii — mpoGmeme cpaBHHTenbHOi ycTOM4MBOCTH KpUCTaMAMMeCKHX cTpyKTyp MeTamqoB H crimaBos. Ha WWHPOKOM MaTepHasle NOKA3AHbl BO3MOXHOCTH TEOPHH MCeBONOTEHLMAIOB B 3TOM acnekte. OPJIABJIEHHE Tpeaucnosue &) BBEJJEHHE 9 Tuasa 1, Ochosupie non0xennsa oAHOITeKTpOHHOii TeopuH 9 YACTb 1 TEOPETHYECKHE OCHOBBI METOJIA IICEBJIONOTEHIIMAJIOB Tana 2, Teopus paccesnua 2.19 «. Takaa curyaniia w Kametca MpoTuopesnoil... B peayaprare vacts uccmegosareaeit (nak teopetHKoB, Tak nm dKtc- UepuMeHTaTopos) MHTAeT oMpeeeHHoe HeyoBepue K caMol MeTonO- AOTUM TMceBRONOTeHTMATOB, YaCTh—HeTOMbayer TexHMKYy MceBqO- Horenmnasos Ges foTAHOTO NONMMaHAA ec cyrH (TO “peBaTo, Kar MHHUMYM, HeTOuHOCcTAMH), a YacTh—Mpocto He pHucKyeT IpHMeHATS Meroy Mu McHbIrsBaeT saTpyqueHuA pH MATepnpetaqHn pacseToR, UM BHDOMMCHHDIX, II MPH NONBITKAX OTHMINTS UpABMIbALIe pesyih- TaTb oT ommGomHEIX. ToaToMy-To u BOSHHKMA HeOOXOLUMOCTh ONHCATE CoppeMeHuoe NOHMMAHHe OCHOB Teopu TBepmOro Texa, prem cpe- Haq oT Wa AaLIRe nceBAUBMa, 6 TPRIMCHOBHE, Vcropusecku cromurock tak, YT0 B yseOHEIX PyKOBOTCTBAX UceB- WIM Hanaraetca Ha ABEIKe Moen TowTH cBoOoTHEIx omeKTPOHOB, TOCKOABKY OH gapomMAcH MMeHHO B paMKax 9Toii Mogenu, Ha ca- MOM Jleme TcesqHsM— NonaTHe Gonee mMpoKoe, OHO OXBATEIBAeT MpakTHICcKM Bee ACHeKTHI NopexeANA OTeKTpOHOB B KpucTamme. B wa- cTosiee BpeMs OBTayeHHe MeTORONOTHeH TIceBEMA ABAAeTCA ORHOI U3 OCHOB MpaBMbHOTO TOHHMAHMA cuolicTB ThepyHX Te H 3aKOHO- MepHocTeit HaMeneHus DTHX eBolcTR NPM HeMencuMM BHeMHMX ycmO- but H 1pm Bapsuponanun KoMMeHTpayMH KOMMOHeHTOB. HanOonee moctezonaTenbHo McesgonoTenuual posHuKaeT B paM- KAX TeOPHH PACCCHHHs, HO BILIOTh RO HACTOAIMerO BpeMeAM KpyT 110- natuii, oGocHonbrBalomux (at TosCHmOMMUX) HceByMEM Ha TAKOM saBI- Ke, pasOpocan mo mypnambunM myOauKauuam. Tax acto Osipaer: TeOpHa yske cChopMHpoBaach, ee OCHOBHLIC MOMOHeHNA XOPOMIO «OT- cTroaaHchy, mepwox paapaGorkn OcHos dhakrmsecm aanepmen, a ¥ NOOPeTHKOD ome «He KOMI PYRU>, YTOOM MomETTONNTE OTM MOMORE- nua reopum. Moser nonasaTbca YAuBHTeMbHBIM, HO HAM He yqasoc’ uaiitu B uuTepatype HM OAMOTO OMpeReneHMA Toro, ¥TO *Ke BCe-TAKM 9T0 Takoe —icesquaM. Mer nomaraem, uT0 HanOonee emMKUM MO;KET 6urTs caexytomee onpezerenne. Icesquam — 970 cHcTema mpeycTaB- TeHMit, BbITeKAalOMNX H3 BO3MOAHOCTH TOOaBTeHMA K TlOTeHTMATy BaanMoOyelicTBHA DeKTpoHA c ATOMOM KOpoTKopelicrBymmero MoTeH- Mana «KOMMeHcaluity, MMUCTHpyloMero peayszsTar BaaNMopelicTBHA 9TOTO deKTPOHA C AXPOM H ocTOBHEIMH eTeKTponamn. JlanbHoneiict- pyromat yacTs morennuaza ocraeren Ges wameneumit. PeaynsTupyto- nui Tovenyual HOcHT HasBaHue McepgonoTenmMana. Taxoe MoHHMAa- HMe WcepyusMa onpeyedaer ero He TobKO Aaa OIIB- wau MoqenbHBLX VCeBNOMOTCHUMAIOB, HO HW TAA MceBAOMOTeANHATOR TeopuM paccer- Ha, @ TaWKe WA MICeBAOMOTeHTMATOB, MOABIAIOIIMXCA B CeKYJAp- HBIX ypapHenHAx aonnoii Teopun. Take Trakoe hyHfaMenTasbHoe sBeHNe, Kak NepHoyMuecKoe H3- MeHenue choiicrs anemenTos B taGnume Menpemeena, HaxXoqUT cBoe ectectBeHHoe OObACHeHHe B PAMKAX McenNIMA, Kak [HareKTHGecKHit Tepexoy KoNYecTBa B HOBOe KavectBO. A HMeHHO, pocT wena dTeK- Tponos Ha BHemHeit (HesanomHenHOl) oGoso¥Ke atoMa MpHBoquT K TOMY, ITO Hocde ce saoAHeHUA OHA CTAHOBHTCA OCTOBHOM, Hm m10- STOMY MOET OuITS «BEGpomenay Hs PaccMoTpeHUA. To sHaaHT, wTO © PpoOCcTOM HOMepa ameMeHTa (4Mca BANeHTHBIX oeKTPOHOB) mepHo- HMTecKH «BEOpachiBalorca» saMONHCHHEIe OOOTOGRH, T. e. KAPTHHA CTPOcHHMA aTOMa c TOUKH speHitA OnucaHUA cro B2aNMOelicTEHA ¢ BHEMMHM oeKTpoHOM gelicTBUTeNDHO MepHosuecKM ToOBTOpAeTCA. Jamas xaura nocamena He CTOubKO TexHuKe opnoamextpomHoli TeOpuH, CKOTBKO To usHKe, 4TO 3a BTOI TeXHMKOH cKpsIBAcTCA. Tlockomsky Msi cTasumm mepeg coOoit Tem yaTb PYKOBOACTBO K MOHH- Mammo Teopum, a He oOs0p AuTepaTyps,, TO mpm paccMOTpeHHH KaKo- To-1H60 BoMpoca MBI cHayawa 2aeM CCHIIKM Ha OCHOBOMOMaraionyte UPEAMCHOBHE 7 padoTb (He TOMBKO Ha OpuruHanABIe, HO H Ha OGsopHEIe), a 3a- tem —Gerno nepewicasem HanGonee wAHTepecHBC, Ha HAM Barna, padotti. Honerno, azecb TpyQHO oOoliTHch 6e3 cyObeKTuBHsMa, HO MBI nayeeMcs, UT HAM B Kaxoii-To Mepe yjanocn ero wabemaTb. Kpome toro, max paccmorpeas wexoropme oOmacta mpuMenenua oguoonextponHoi teopuu. B KavecTBe oMHoi u3 HUX GEO pemeHo BOATh YACTh BAKHOM B MpakTusecKoM OTHOMHI MpobmeMEI chas0- BHIX mpeppamennii —sataxy 06 oTHocuTemsHol ycroitunBocTH pas- SWMHMELX KPMCTAINYECKHX CTPYKTYP MeTarT0B uM cHaBoB. IT0— ovens OmaropaTHat TeMa JIA YeNOBeKA, NPMCTYNaWoNero K UsyYeHMIO Teopuu TBepyoro Texa, [IpakTHecKu BCe BOLpOCH, C KOTOPHMU OH cromkHetes & » — BMeCTO ByTpH ce- Ryanpuoro ypapitens, 10 posko yMeubmaer ero paamopuocrs: Hea = Le {95 (2) Hiya (r— ty) @r = Halk). (1-16) B npogexsuom eayyae cnmptoit cams, Korga cymectnenHo Bua- HMogelCTBMe DueKTPONA TONSKO NeHTPARLEHIM aTOMOM, ja7Ke pH oprorovamsnoctn byuxnmit cocesunx atomos, mponcxogur ruGpugu- Sal HavaIbHBIX 8aKOHOB WuCHepcnn (aToMBsIxX yponueit). [leiicrBH- TeIbHO, Ha HCKXOMMBe ATOMHDIe ypoBHN jelicrByI0oT MaTpHYHEIC o1e- MeHTH TOTeHMMAIa TeLTpadbuorO aTOMA, BIATHCO Ha byBKIUAX HeHT- 14 TUT, {, OCHOBHBIE OTOKENMA ONHOMMERTPOMHON TROPA paasxoro w cocemumx atoos. «Ilorenmmasom BooMymeumA> caynuT HaMevenue Tpamrunsix yonOBMil, HAKTayEBaeMBIX Ha BOMHOByIO yuk Tuo gaauit: BMecTo TpeConamia saTyxanna dpyunnum wa OecKoues- uocrH Bregeno yenopne (1.2), KoTOpOMY, Kak sIerKO MposepAts, y/oB- sernopaer KAO (1.15). Eoont uepexpsmaune yunnuit neurpaabuoro m coceyuero aToMon orcyreTpyer, To mponcxojMT, KanpuMep, MPH Geckouciuom yReau- Nei Mapanerpa pemorki, To m3 (1.12) anrosarmmeckit cxenyer Mpenenpusrii nepexon x nagaye 06 onepreTHecKUX ypopuAX Wa0RM- porauworo aroxa det | (e8’ — E) 82a |= (1.47) 7. Mogens nowrm cpoGogmsx oxextponon (TIC). B otoit wogemm Kplicrasia paccmarpuBaeTca Kak MpocTpaverRenHan pellerKa 13 Houop, B KoTOpy10 «BMymen> omeKTponnsnt ras. Ecam 8 Moje JIKAO noamymerme crektpa BosEHKA0 13-3a OTKIONeHMA ToTeMmMaA- wa OT aromuozo H UsMeneHUA rpanManslx yoxoRuit, To B Mone ITC: BOSMYM[CHNCM CayIKHT OTKMOMeHME HOTeHMMana or nyas. Ip uyac- BOM HOTeHNMAaTe pomUORaN PYNKHA oneKrpoua (B BaKyyMe) ccTD nu0cKad BOIHa, HOPMHpoBaNuaA wa Bee MpocTpauerBo. B Kpucrasiie yuo6uo nopaponounsnt wurerpan pasOnTs wa cyMMy BKMA_OB OT Kaxgoro y31a KPHCTAUTeCKOH peMeTKH, a 3aTeM, BOcrIOmb30RaB- Mics O_MMAKOROCTHIO TAKUX BKAATOB, BEIHeCTN UX BA sHAK CyMMBI. Torga cymMupopaute Ho Beem yaaaM pact mpocto eo ysuon V. Broga o6bem sueitkn Burnepa — Seitma Q, = Q/N, rae Q— o6nex KpucTadta, HOTyWHM, TO TTOcKHe BoA MoryT GsITS HopMupopausa u Ha sueiixy Burnepa — S3eittna. @yuxng0 uy (r), uepHoguieckyio B KpueTanae, Mown0 pasio- wutb B pag Dypse m0 BeKTOpaM ObpaTuoit pemerxn g, [8]; B pe- ayusrare yuxnun Vy(r) (1.3) Gyser mpeyetanacua n wage pas- aomewna 110 maockus Bosman Ik+ g,>: Wi (rt) oaée, Boi (ten, (1.18) Cenyaapuoe ypannenne (1.12) » sogemm IICD npmer pug: det | (en — 2) 8nn + K+ ga | PPK gd] = 0, (1.49) re €,=(k+g,)° m prepen warpnumsit osemerr xpmeranauseeroro Troreumuasa: 4 az &k' | 701 ky em tke 7720 () eke dP, (1.20) Kpucranamiecknit noreunuaa Bcerga Mo;KWo mpeycTaBiTs B BAe CYMMBI O[WHAKOBEIX BKTAKOB OT BceX ysoR KpiicTama (odnoysead- nelx moreauanon V(r). Torna @ citry onmHaKonocTH Bcex ojtH0- Til, 1. OCHOBADIE HOTOKEHMA OLHOSMERTPOHHOA TLOPUT 15 YaCNbULIX MOTCUNUATOR cooTBETCTRYIONIMe HHTerpars We saBicatT oT Homepa Yada, H MB Toyvaest oOmee BbIPAenme: ki! | 77P| ky = z Sfre- ty) etlk-keg3p = 7 = S(k—k). Samerux, «ro 8 Gopsdaxtope urerpuponanue TponomMTCA Ho BeeMy mpocrpaueTBY, a we TOMEKo wo sueiike Buruo- pa— Seiiria, Kak Upu HOpMMpoBKe Wt0cKuX BOTH: S@=y ah (1.22) dk qi ¥{Qet entik+aeY (r) etka, (1,23) ° mo Bcemy Byres cnr Crpyxrypnust axrop S(q) onpeyerca yam a060r0 exropa jem Mepnomuuectoit pemerau S(q) o6pariaetea » Ayam, ecm q or- THuHO OF Kakoro-M60 BeKTOpa OOpaTHO pemernu gn; S(q= ga: Ae Wopmarrop noreummara onpenetor dopmyztoii (4.23) Toate max neex suavenuit zexropa q. Ecam ouepatop norenmaia V apineren Mpocrsim oneparopom yauonennn, To @opmd@axrop sapuent romEKo OF @ MW nasbipacTed AOKamsuEIM. B yaabnoimem wm Boye Goze caomune ro hopme odperrimmsie norennuarst (neengororenrptastst), GompmMcTBO Ha NOTOPMX Te ABAACTCA OTepaTopamM yMHORKeHNA. IIx @opadhaxsop womter aapncer, me TomKO or q, Ho nor k. Tanne Gopmakropsr a MoTemats WaawBaLTeA HeTOKAsBITBINA, Pacestorpust mpocreiime mpustepu. Myers V(r) —oxpanmpovan- nuii kysonoscnsit voremuax upwraKenta: ze Vig = — ee, (1.24) Baramcana ero dopsehaxrop, manpapum noaapuyt oce Koopammat paous Berropa q [8]. B peayxsrare nomyune jaded 4 i ac. Vo (9) = — (1.25) B upegeae npn C + 0 smecto (1.24) aust meen esto ¢ oOsramise (ueaxpanmponamisi) KysomoRcKit Totemmmanom’ V,, a Baecto 16 FUL. 1. OCHOBHEIE MOAOKEKMA ONHOSTERTPOHHOR TEOPHE (1.25) —¢ ero dhopadparropos: - foe Ve = 2, Veo 5 (1.26) Cpapnisaa V, ¢ Vio, MEI BAUM, YTO OKpaNupoBaHe KyTOHOBCKO- TO moTenquada mpmmolNT K yerpaeHmo cunryaapHoeT dopmdax- ropa upu q — 0, He MeHAm Xapaktepnoro nosesenun V(g) ~ q-? npu q-, Ta uepTa coxparnoten pum Goubummcraa dopmdarropos (om. §§ 11-13). Tlyers norenuan V(r) mesesarome waz. Boros caytae Kpuctasr mpegerananer cobolk «nycty10 pemerky>: oxentpoHs yBIMyTeR BAYT- PH BooSpaxkaemoit KpucTaTTMYecKoit pemeTkKE, B yslaX KOTOpOi HeT norermasIoR>. CoxyaapHoe ypasnenne (1.19) moneam nyctoi pemersn roqo610 10 @opse npenenbuomy caytaw mogemt JUKAO (1.17): det | (¢n — Z) 8nn' | = 0, (1.27) Moxeas nycroit pemerim oxsianentia cnoSoqnomy oueirpommo- My rasy ¢ HepHommueckine rpamrmsme yerosnAnt, Sonnan cTpyK- rypa B MojenM nycTOH pemerkM pacemoTpexa B Kutrax [9—11]. 8. Teopun sosmymenuii, Cexyxapnoe yparnenne (1.19) somer Gnirs npHOAWAeNKO MpescTaBTCHS B BUJe paya Teopin BosMysmenttit, Tina jonasareasetsa oT0ro paccmorpu sapnant setoza Jlenqna “oneprnin cenyanpunx ypannennit (12—14), Hycts mrcerest marpima X, upesetannonnan » Gxowo0s nape: x=(4 3), (1.28) Baenem egunmunyio matpauy J marpama Yu Z: (0) Y=(_p-tg Ht z=(¢ Be Ouenugno, det ¥=detZ=1, ro aerko qonasars, paszaran coot- BeTOTBYIONNE OMpenCdMTeEXH NO MUNOpAaM, Haya ¢ eBOTO BepXHe- ro yrua kanyoro yerepstmanra. Paceworpun mpouspexeame MaTpum P=XYZ. Oxerngno, uo det P = det X. Betmonuaa rakoe nepemno- wee MaTpHN, HosyyaeM det X = det D - det (A ~ BD-'C). (4.29) Taxus o6pasom, yAatOCh BIpAsUTS AeTepMUMANT Matpao1 Coub- moit pasmepxocra X wepes AeTepMuHante: marpuy, Menoureit pasmep- HocTH. Tipuenm teneps metog Jlengama x (1.19), sroGer mpeseranuTs, (119) w ange ognoi crpoxm. Tycts juaromamsarit marpunbuit o7e- MOHT poaNyIenua “ive uMeeT Uepamit nopayqoK MamoctH m0 cpaB- nenmo =o¢ | Ks — propoit nopsmok — wanoern; ML. 4, OCHOBIDIE MOMOMREMAA OMOSMERTPOLLOR TEOPHH 17 ; 610K D puaronanen. O6pa- menue detD » uyab uo (1,29) ynosuersopner (1.19), to me naer (busuuecku utirepecusix pemenmit, Tak Kak onucsmaeT TOAKO BLICO- Kowekantme saKous pMenepcnm uycToi pemerxn. B peayasrate 113 (1.19), (1.29) nomysaen lck-+g,]¥ fp [ . K+ en [VIET By (1.30) rye (..) oamayaer cxegyromre mopar, KoTOpEIE RosHMKAN Get H3-3a weuaronasuoctn D. Msi nonyunat pay reopu soamymennit 8 dopme Bpuaciooua — Burnepa [15]. Teneps » snamenatene apo6n » (1.30) monomme omep- rino Z papuoit aakony guenepcnm B Mepsom WiopayKe Teopmm Boamy- menmit (=k? + ) 2 yates, v0 10 (1.20) dbopmcbaxrop 10- xKaxbuoro poremmmaia <(k+¢,|Vik-+ g,) ojunaxos pa Beex 71, B pesyasrare arnt mpuyqem & paay Teopitt poaymennii B dbopue Pa- sea — lpenumrepa [15]: B(e) = Wt} CIV [ky — IEA EIMID? (3p 0 a, Burparenne (1.31) ovens yso6Ho — ono rospoxaer amammraiecnH BLMUCIATE BANONEI UueIICpeNH, HO ONO IKe aBsAeTCH u GoTee HpI- Gxumenmim. Maeno 910 BiparKenme xexkWT B OcHOBe cospeMenHoit TeOpHN aTOMHEIx cnoiicrp TAEPALX Te; ¢ ero WOMOMEbIO BETUIeMACT- ca nomHaa aneprua Kpucramta (cM. HOKE). B (1.31) sxogar gna tuna cya: Geckoueunbie cyMMbI 10 BelTO- pam o6parnoi pemerxu, GopMupyionmie BKAaQM m-ro MOpaTKa, uw GecKoneuam cyatMa aTHX BKTAAOB, OGEYHO OSpbiBAeMAA Ha BTOpOM 1mm TpeTsem TopayKe Teopum BosMymenuii. Hago nmets yRepeu- Wocrs, TO OGa ThMa cyNM cxOAATeA. Pacemorpum cyamy 10 g,. B cuny (1.25) pm Goxpmux g, Ka‘ abit wer B TaKOii cymMe mponopnuouanen g,°. IInoTuocTR TOWeK B OGpaTHOM npocTpanerse pacreT, KaK gq, T. e. cYMMAa TIO gq, 3aRCHO- MO CXOANTCA, REIITHNHA KaAKAOrO BKAATA KOHEUHA. Ha pompoc 0 cxoqmmocru camoro paga (1.34) orsernt’ muoro cuoruee; B § 5 oTor nonpoc Gyfet ucexeAoBAaN Goxee Ho_pobuo. Or- palMTEMer OOMenPUNATEIM cyHyeuMeM: pay Teopun BosMymennit PACXOMMTCA, ecu BOSMYMaoNN DoTeHyHa Meer xoTA Ob OHO cBasanuoe cocroanme, 2 mH. slorpeGon, A. A. Kannenscou 18 TAL {. OGHOBHLIE TONOAEMTA OFUOITERTPOUO 1 Osparmt prunanue wHraTenA: pews ujer o Tox, To Hamrute Wn oreyTcTBue cBAgaHHHIX cocTommmit (Kapruua cueKTpa up E<0) BHUAeT Ha Halle MpaBo MCHOMHIORATH Teopmo BoaMyMeHMit pA co- crosnmit Konrunyyma (apn E>0). leno 8 rom, ¥ro dak nasmuna camsannstx cocroanmii — Xapakrepnerma ray6uns uoTennmata, Ec- Tht On CAIMUKOM cHatBHENt (a AIA TOHUMANUA Toro, YTO aTO aHAWT, HyAKHBE KpuTepm), To BIIAA m-ro HopayKa ne stax wo cpasuenito co xaagom (m—4)-ro wopagna, a pay Teopun Bosmymennit pacxo- RUTCA, JhoGoit aromnari voTemnMar oGmaqaer cBAsAHMEIME CocTOAHMAME. Tlostomy gin upHMenmMocti Teopm Boamymenmt Hago cKoncTpyu- pozats Howutit Horemman ¢ ocoOsiaM cBoficTaMit: om AOTKeM BANATS Ha 9NeKTPONSI KOUTHHYYMA TAR 7K, Kak W MmpeakHuit, HO MpH dTOM jomnen Ouith cadee ero! Hocrpoenue rants morennuason Met 06- cymgaem B §§ 3, 4, 11-14, 16. 9. Cnodogmmii dxexrponnstt ras Depum. B oroii somemm mpen- nomaraeted ciegyionnit «mexanuaxty o6pasosauua xpnerasta. Hse- eres N ueiirparpustx msoanposanusix atomop. C Kamyoro ua WX cus no Z puomunx (sastentHsrx) oxexrpotos. Toayaentneca worst OODOMMHEH B KPUCTATAIGecKyIO pemerky TAK, WTO Ha KaIKpBI ms HX UpuxoguTen OODeM OQ. Barem B ory nouyIo pemerny Buymert SAeKTPOHLUE ras, pacmpemctentte koTOporo B pocTpancTBe npeqno- MaracTen OFHOPOANBIM; OVeBMALO, ero NtoTHOCTS paBna Z/Q). Ecan mpeneOpew oTanunem norermmaia peuernn or Koneranrst, ro aanomn ;uenepenn 9ueKTponos ects mpocro E = k*, Oaexrponst samuMalor onepratu OT Hys1eBOii 0 ueKoTOpolt Upexetwnoit oMepri — euepran Pepi eBoGoNoro oteRTpoTore rasa: Ef = (8022 /2)"9 = kB (1.32) Kax noxasamo a [8], yuer nywonopeoro psauogoiicraia Meany aaeRIpouaNt Me cKagsIBAeTeA Ma aaKoMe juemepenm. Yuet oOmen- Horo BaanMozeitcrsina MpHBOAUT K BErpasenztio [8): hp _i-¥ 4ty elu gPnftte). a rae y=k/kp. Odmennoe paansozeiicrEue enbHo Baumer Ha cocToR- una puyrpu edpepir Pepamt, Upm k= ky rpaguent EUkx) oSpamaerca B GecKoneuHocTs, WO sMMeHo GualecKoro cMBICMA; BTA euNTYTAp- Hocts Hevesaet B Gostee erporoit Tcopun. B §§ 6, 8, 9 nompocst o6- Menmoro BaanMogeiierain SyAyT pasobpamm oxtee WoTHO, a MoKA game, 470 oOweruaa monpasxa » (1.33), orseaioman 8 (1.31), Nanenanona upm k= 0 w yuenoutaetcn ¢ poctow k. 40. Hoxnan oneprua xpuctaana B mogean HIC9. flaa nuuneae- Hua HoxNOi oMepriM KpHCTama HAAO MpocysmmpoBATs saKOUDT jHC- Hepenn 10 BceM SaHATHIM cocToAMuAM. Bro jocTHTActeA METerpHpo- panne (1.31) 10 BceM BouHOBHM BeKTOpaM BIyTpA cepst Depxm, PUL 1, OCHOBHBIE HOMOKEHMA OMHOOMERTPOHHOR TEOPIT 19 B pesyrotare noanan suepria Kpucraza Yq 2anucnactes » Bue Sap = Uy + Uns + Upems (1.34) rhe Usyex YITEBAeT KYTOHORCKOe OTTATKNBARMC NOHHLX OCTOBOR; BHilenennl TAK Hagnpaensie oObesmonannicautnit Uy m cTpyRTYpHOsa- sucamuit Uy, otextpouume Braaju D Mommy! sueprmro: U, 23 i (ko + kV [k)) a, (1.35) "go ctene bah LA AIP HO! gap 9, nodbepe (K+ 4)" — eps 2 “I Uwe = — 2a Z| c (1.36) THe AWA OuHOCTH BeKTOpH g, BaMeHeHA Ha BeKTOpH OOmeTO MoOX0- weNA q. Uneu Uy onmcnnacr «cnoSogustity omexrponantit rag ¢ paaumoseii- crnneat Meviyy oxexrponastn, wen Use o6yomonien soumuiMM Xapax- TepHeTHKAME u WadHMaerca MooTOMY ouepritel somnoll erpyKrypst (uuorga sonuoi oueprueii), B ssipaxcum (1.36) yureno, 470 upit pacuere E(k) naansogciicrsue Karkyoi naps omexrpouoR Mery ¢o- Goi anano ska B DMeprio KaaKsoro oueKTpoUA, T. ec. Up CYMMU- ponaHMH ofBooueKTPOHBDIX oneprmit B (1.34) oueprum oueKTpOH-o1ex- TpoHuoro BaLMOpeiicrBuA GyseT oMMGoWHO yuTeHA ABAKA. Tor ImMAit pKa HeKTONAerca PropsIst uneHOM B (1,36) U3 Pacuet Uy 1 Upem UPOBOAUTCA BO MHOTNX pYKOBOCTBAX, CM., Ha- upumep, (16—18, a taxxe 19], Toyuurensuo paccmorpers Uve Ecan noremuan V xoxanen, To ero hopmcbaxrop we sannont or k m Moxker Gs1rb BMMeceH 3a aHAK Murerpuposamua no dk. Torga » Bulpakennn (1,36) BosHuKHeT uuTerpan uo k, Kovopsiit nocuT HagBa- une hymn Juuaxapna [3]: 1 Bk 4.(q) Ww EES (1.37) N oo dgepe & +4)" —k ‘bepat B npexnoxorexnn ediepiveckoit nonepxuoctn @epau nosrywaen Z(2 ve iE ro=~ 4 (Fe) (1+ +n ass) re = k/(2ky). OSparum punwamne wa cxomerso Bua BExparemmié (1.38) 1 o6menuoit nompapkn x 2axouy ancnepemt B (1.33), HO oco- Gentiocrs » x(q) noaunKaer upu k= 2k, a He upw k—= hr, KaK B (1.38). 2 4 T 20 TW. 1, OCHOBHBIE NONORENMA OLMOsMEKTPOHNOA TEOPUL Dueprmo oacKrpon-oreKTponmore BsauMoxelicrena U3° momkno npegctamirrs [17] Kak pesyabtat BaanMoselictmia weosnoposuoro BRNAA B RMEKTPOLHYIO WIOTHOCTS B KpHeTaste ¢ MoTeHMAsTOM, cos- AMM OTUIMUC KPHCTALTMTIeCKOTO NoTeMMata Y*? or uexoHOTO Totermasa cucremst nonos ¥*°", Baoaa @opmaxsuo yuku, xa- pagtepuaywomy stor norennuan, a(q) = ¥*™(q)/¥**(q), yaercr [17] purpasirs US uepes Gopmdaxrop ¥°(q) (1.24): UF = ZI Sai lV Fr(a)(d—«()), (1.39) Os ZIS@PIV@ Pula) — 0 ZS @PIV @) Px (a) «(a)- (1.40) Bamerum, uro Tpw Bsmoze oToit dbopymst ne Ont cAeTaNO HH KaKBx mpeiolomenuii o BHAe HoTeHMATa (xpome mpentoroKeHTA HoRastenOocTH) Ho citocoGe HoCTpoeaItA KpreTaTmMeCKOTO NOTH TTA na 1% uonuoro (0 mexamuame oKpamuponanua). Dyuxuna x(q) n0- AMNSACh Kak pesyakvaT UpyMekeunA Teopan vosmymenuit, hynmnaa alq) — kak oTHomente mexosMoro noTemqUATA HOHOB K KpieTadt- ueckomy. B § 7 msi cromkuemes ¢ Tak HagsiRaeMsIM judaeKTpieEcKuM DKpannpoBannes, jkIA KOTOPOTO TOKE MOMATOOUTCA LEMAXApTOBCKAA Gynxnna x(q), a hymeaqun % npuoSperer casier vax HagsiBaemoro corsamkay cicresst na Rosmyntenue, Ho aro Gyget yave nerasusa- num aimapara, oF KoTopoit embtest chopayer (1.34)-—(1.40) me sapnent. TIpunaro oupereawts xapaxrepuctusecxyiw yun Ds,(q): Dy,(q) = [Vig l’yiqatq (41) Henoamsaya (1.41), monexo mepertears Up, Kai eyaery 10 yasiam pe- mersn Giypse-odpason D,,(t,), omperenenmerx Tax: 2 ai 9 O60 = 2a f Dy, (q) o'Makg. (1.42) ®,,(t) Mowino paceMarpuBaTb Kak notemqnat BsamMogciicTBItA WOHOB Yepes aveKTpornBt rag (ott m Tor axe aeKTPOH OANOBpe- MeHNO MpHTArHRaetca KO BeeM MOAN, Wro OGyecORAMBAeT UX MpH TaKenne Apyr K ppyry). Ito — To BsausopeiicrBue, KoTOpoe pOTRHO KoMNencupoRats OpaMoe KYTOHOPCKOe oTraaKMBanme HoBOR. CyM- MapHLi TOTeHMUAT MeKaTOMHOTO BsauMOselicTBEA UMeeT BU, ot) = 24 O(, (1.43) Baverum, uro Olt) onuenmact nsanogeliersne atoms mpH e- namernom obvene cures. Husinr cropasm, D(t)— worernarat Te- perpyummpopnn atomop. GACTbt TEOPETHYECKHE OCHOBDI METOA TICEBONOTEHINAIOB Tauapa2 TEOPUA PACCEANIM WIM «TBEPOTEADILMKOB» § 1, Marewaniuceruit ammapar B oroit raase Ms pacemorpun KpanronomexarmyeckyIo TeopHIo pacceauna, Housmrun reopin pacceauia mIMpoKo Herlombayrorca B Of foameKtponnoti teopuu, a MateMarmieckuit amuapar, weoOxoquMblit Jkia WOHMManWA (a TuaBHoe — jVIA ocosnannaA» BHyTpeHMMx cBaseit MCAAY PAIMUMIMN MeTOJAM pacuera sonuoil crpyktypsi), pas6po- cat no Muorsms pyxonogersam (um WaXogmres aanacrtyio Tye-IMOyAb B cepeyume tpyquoii xuurn). Mostomy soi HomMTaxuch coGpatb nce we- COXOMUMBIE CBeAeUIA B OAHO MecTO, MpwseM Tak, uTOOHN mo Mepe BOSMOMMOCTH He NpPIUYAAATs UTATeTA «MOBePUTE Ha CHOBO». Takum o6pason, gala raaBa mBaAeTCA BRE;eTIEM B CompeMen- roi anmapat opmoamentponnoit reopm Taepjoro Tema. 1, dyna, Uacto nenomsayor @ynxnuo 6(x). Ona oOmaqa- er caegyiomua cnolicrsom: juin nempepsiBnoit dyn f(x) f 4()8(x—x)) de = 7 (x). (2.4) 2, Meron dynxum Tpuna, Monpwiit qopsasonuiti armapar pe- menna jphepemmmannAx ypasnerii mpeyocransmerca nam MeTO- xo hynkuun Cprna (OP), Cyrs ero saxmouaeren 3 eaeaytomen [1]. Tyerb mcerem jmdepepemuatsnoe ypasnenne (ya onperenennocrit sir Sepesr yparmemte [permmrepa, Ho wero, DT mpurogen jim 10- Goro Bugaa ypasneunii): (—¥? — BE) p(n) = fr). (2.2) @ynnnaa [puna Glr, x’) ompeyerserca Kast pemenue raxoro ypasnensa (2.2), rae BMecto mpasoii vacru ctonT TaK HasbBaeMan ARMA WeTOTRNKA: (-¥9— B)G(r, 1) = or 1’). (23) 22 Tul. 2, TEOPIA PACCEAIMA ATA eTREPAOTENBILIKOBy C nomompio OL pemenne (2.2) paerca serpaxenment paH=4p@m+ fF Gary feyatr’, (2.4) 2 nee ayecs A —nponanoabuan nocronuuan, a @ yaouteTRopaeT ypasueuTD (2.2) ¢ nyxenoit mpanoit vacroro: (-¥#— B)g(r) = 0. (2.5) Toxarex eupaneammpoct» (2.4), [lua ot0r0 nojelierayest a (2.4) oneparopom (—V*—£), rae oneparop V* peiicrnyer ua KoopaMBary F H Moxer OtiTb BueceH HA auax uaTerpaa. Tleppsiit yeu w (2.4) pa- Bex Hymo mo (2.5), mox MuTerpaxOM MBI McTOsbayeMm BbIpAKeHA (2.3) m (2.4); 3 ymeparqenme (2.4) oKasano, Murerpanbuoe ypasuenue (2.4) yqo6u0 tem, 410 stm ompenenenta ) ve tpe6yeren BUKAKMX yonOmHMLeNbuNX yeroRMit ua (2.4), Hop00- HBIX TOM, Kakne HUD jut pMhhepenmmansasix ypanueuuit: om bee BKmoven B p(t) a Glr, r’). 3. Cnekrpaabioe pasnoxkenne hymunuu Tpuna. Iycrs ypanue- ane (2.5) meet cnektp coScrBemmnIx uncer ey ¢ cooTBeTCTBy TOMS coscrnenmnm hynKunaun Ps. Mocxoasxy OL yqosnersopaer rev 2Ke TPALNGELIM YeIORMAM, 10 H @q(x) (40 oupegesteuIIO), TO MorBO paaxonuts PL no oroMy Gasucy (on Gyget nonuum ya OT): = Zann (2). (2.6) G(r, x" Tloyerani (2,6) B (2.8): San (en — A) nat) = — 801). 7) Youomaa Ha Pn’ (rt), HuTerpupyA HO BceM r H McHomE3syA opTo- TOHANHHOCTS Gy, WOUyYaent a) en TuAMs 2 n ea : G(r, r’) TIpu nocrpoeunu (2.9) cymectseuuo, ¥r0 nepan yacrs (2.3) apaner- cm caMocomparkeuubim ortepatopom. Buparxeune (2.9) nossoxacr puwucanrs OP. B camy (2.9) OF apMurona: Gls, ’) = G40", § 1. MATEMATH' ECRIM ATITAPAT 23 Ha (2.7) u (2.8) exonyer, » wacrnoerm, nanitoe cpoiterno, xapax- aeptioe ji neex Novum HaGopon dynnnnii: 7 on ; Xen (t)on(t') = 67 —r'). (2.10) 7 4. Oywenua Fpima yan enoSonusx oxerrponos. B cxysae cxo- Goawwx onextpouon cobcrnennsisi dyna ypanemna (2.5) BUAMIOTEH TEOCKHC BOA oe = te, Ven® (2.44) raex=+) Buguo, ato npn r=r’ OF mucer cnaryanpuocts, Kax caeqersue aioro mporsnoznan dG/dr uMeet paapB Mpa r= 7’: ( 0G a) (aa) #0. 5, Chepmueesne rapaounxn. Hyers » (2.2) fi) =— Voy) 1 VG) —edeprsecrn-cunserpuunsiit rorouprat, Yaobuo mepeiiri r (2.2) a (2.5) x noaapnoii cncreme Koopammat: z=r-sinO-cosg, y=r-sinO-sing, s=r- 0<0 © acumutotixa taxona [4]: Q (x — 10/2) 1 coma (Oo. eel) (2.29) @opmyasr (2.29) anamoten xopommm npudmuxeunem B caywae 2>10+1)/2, Axmantyza ocynaasyuit jocriraer acummToritaecioro auagenu yre up t = 21 ¢ tomuocrBIO ~10% [4]. Tax o6oux Tunos ysKuuit cymecteyior pexyppeutnie coorHo~ IeiiA, enpaweyIuBBIe KAK AAA j., TAK WMA My: ja(x)), Juss (2) Jia) + jis @) = 54m EMATHUEGKUM ATHLAPAT 27 Bpouexwan ymmunit jy a my ormmen or nyata: : d Cie - nO) ml) — ma) Z (= Sy. (2.30) @ynkomm jf, om camzan ¢ obnTHEME (nnamEA”pMreckuMm) Gyuxnumm Beccean Heiisana I(x), I(x) cxenywomnsn coor nomennaam: a fe 4) Vz Tarmiye- 1) = VEIuane), me)= Vyo6uo wnecrn takxe KoMmtexcme KoNOMHaNMM j, mn; Wage pacuate bymenunsm Pamena: ye = fi(z) Hin (2). (2.34) Acmmnroma yuki Taskers up Goasnmx suayennax apry- Menta: 2 A gttta/2) ve x20 T : - @ynxnun yr u yrorpear pacxogamelica u cxogsmolica Bom- max cootnerctrenmo, Bostee noxpo6Ho o cxoitcrsax jr mr om, (2, 5). . Hoxesnmie dopmyant. Ipnaepom ucromssonanan dopsyz (2.23) m (2.26) caysnt Pasnomeume UnocKoi Bomm p pat uo Y;(r): Yin YE®YLO= t Pint, r)¥y(r), (2.32) 4x ett rye Qo ~ nopantpovomusit o6teM, a hy (k,r) = /s v% Cpasmman (2.32) c (2.26), naga, to Koodpunent B, w (2.26) * Jia waockol norm pasen 4i'Y¥ p(k) 1 umkak He Moamer 6nrTb onymeH, C nomompn (2.32) Momno uomysurs @opMyan a Mepepaamonte- nna cepueckux dyukiuni orHocureabHo jppyroro mataza Koop- Aunat: "iy (ker) Yi (k). (2.33) hlelr—t)¥iqe— 2 Priv (#r)Yir(), (2.34) Fou = BCtrnjy 4) Yi). 1 28 TA, 2. TEOPIA PACCEAINIA JUIN «TBEPROTETBULITROBy Hecxomno exomuee nomoguren dopuyta (6, 7] = BEuwiv (xr) Yur(n), (2.35) m(x|r— th) ¥i(r— Kiar = 2 Cheng, (et) Yi, (t). 1 Borpancenmte (2.35) enpaneymmo up [rl , § 2, PACCEAMME HA M30-THPORATHOM TOTELUIATE 29 MORHO BarHCATh Kak P=DP, Pa=larca| (2.40) B TOM canutene, ¥To Ply = LPalN = Zlar =1L) CLIP) = Vela) | VEC) fe") ae. Tipnmeuss (2.41) x naocnoit nome (2.32), meem Py lk> = hulk, r)¥i(r). ThoGoii mpoernuonnssit onepatop oGxaqaet TerKo JoKasHBaeMDIO cnoiiemom mgemmoreurnocra: PP = P, (2.41) § 2. Paccemne wa wa0smponaiuos norenrprate 1. Masopie cyeurn, anaams c nomompw dynkum Ppa. Pac- emorpuat') ¢ nomompio OT paccearne ma oreabno baatoM oipeprae- cxn-cuxMerpusnom uotenuaxe V(r), Henornayem mpeqcrannemme cromumx post (2,37): Gt Bit(ere) mers) ¥2)Vo("). (2.42) Togerasinn (2.42) n (2.4), nenomsays (2.22) a yurvsman, 4710 aaa cpodoguerx oaertponon i Ey unieext p= AN Ir, r) Yn (rt) + z +uBsi ere) mi (urs) V(r) (e’)¥ 2 (r’) dr’ ¥ p(n). Hepeiigem x cibepnyeexi™ xoopanmatam. Henomsayes (2.26). Tiponexem murerpuporaune no yraam pextopor r mr’, BuGepem Bs 1) B § 15 roumo raxoii ae noAXog Oyaer mpmMeden Aaa pemennsa sazavH 06 ouepretmueckom cnextpe KpweTamaa: Oyjer Moyseno cexyanpaoe ypavae~ ume meToga KKP (stcrog Koppmarn, Kora i Pocroxepa). 30 TI, 2, TROPA PACCEANIA [1 «TBEPROTEMBIMIKOB» B Baye Br= br i HY, (#). : Dro noaBoanT yerpaunrL aasnousocTs oT uampangeuna BeKTOpA % B oKoHmaTerbuEIX dbopaystax, B peayarave mnteext Hi {a 2h meer () Bele) ria] je) + : +f fjeery V (ry) Ri (ry rary} ms er). 3 Ho mpegctabanet tpyqa ToayiuTh rakoe ike BEIparKemHe B Mmpom- eTaprennn Geryngx nomu: qoctatouno saMennts n, ua fyi. Onpereaum hymen: Si) = x jr Ger Vr) ir (By ry rtd, (2.43) @ Cir) at 2 m (ur) Vr) ME, ry) ridry. (2.44) Bamerus, vt0 $(0)=0, C)(c0) = A/bz. C nosommo (2.43), (244) momytaext Rr) = Cir ilar) — Srriler). (2.45) Haauane norenmrara mpupeso K cMemmBanmo perysapuoro m wepe- TyaApuOTO penieumit oAHOPoANOTO ypaBuennT. Tipu r>0 Ci(r > 0) = const?, (2.46) Ai (r—> 0) = const? -j1 (xr). (2.47) Tipu r-+c (an gocrarouto Gwerpo ciagaomero norenquazta, nanpumep, pasxoro uymo mpu r>R) yumm C, u S, ne sapncat or r. Baexest const? — VC? + Si Onperesmat yrom m(E): ay (E) = arctg [$1 (7 00)/C) (r-» 00)]. (2.48) Bupaxeume (2.48) oxpmpaaenruo sarmucn Si (r > 00) = constj”-sin nr, (2.49) Ci(r > 00) = const?’ -cos mi, (2.50) Ri(E, r¥ > ov) = const?’ (cos m-j) (zr) — sin i-my (ry). (2.54) § 2. PACCERINE HA HS0uMPoRANTOM NOTENIATE at Vron m nasbipaetca asoit paccetena wan casopsnt cxpuroN. Taxoe Hagnane RosnuKao noTOMy, 70 Mp T—> ©, tenombayA (2.29), Montno Tory THTs sin Ix/2 Rit > cw) = const?” ry : (2.52) Pomonne (2.52) xax Sot eqpmmyto orzocnremno ji(xr) (2.29) na yrom 1. Ha caxom yene ora unrepuperanus ne Touna: eqpur B, s10 ase orkocnresmno f, mpesmocraraet, 70 (basa BXozmT 1B aHaMeva~ ret (2.52). Tas onpeexenua anovoro cxpura useest tem (£)= eee! = .r const? — x | iy (2r) V(r) (r) dr : (2.58) Orwerma tarae uostesnoe coorHomenne const? -cos m= Alb. (2.54) 2. Bossmontste nopaupopsn pormopoit dyntum, B pyKonoqeTmax no Teopim pacceAEMA acto TOROPUTCA, To B TeopmM PacconMus Hop- MMPOBKA NpoWsBomyUA: park TOASKO OTMOCUTEADABIE BeATqUM, naupuMep, xoodduuentn orpaxkenna u mponyekanus. 970, KoueT Ho, cnpaweramso. Ho or psiSopa HopsmpopKn aapmeuT KoEKperHutit buy WHTepecyrouselt nac womHonoit @ymxnus. B sasucmMocts or Hop- MNPOBKU MeHAeTCA n cHOCod BRIpaKeTMA dasonore expnra sepes Zs, Kak MB YBEANM, PaceMorpen neKoTOpHte RoaMOACHELe MOPMEpOBKH. ‘A) Hopmmponka taxas ate, ka B usocKoii Bonne: bt (2.55) Torga ma (2.53) \ fur) V(r) Bln) rar, (2.56) a Rr) = filer) — tg my (AZ) m (xr). B) Hopampopita » navase noopannar: const? = 1, (2.58) tg mr tem = —» | AV artdr / t—xJnVartdr). (2.59) ° 8 Paguansuaa pyuxigta 2, nactea wuparennen (2.51), dbasst qa KoToporo oupeqeensm cooTHomennem (2.59). Saxeruat, 410 mMerTo 32 PH, 2. TEOPHA PACCEAHUS JVUT «TBEPOTEMBIAMKOBy Taka HOpMupoBKa UpunATa B KuNrax no Teopmn MeTOAa asoBEX Gyuxnuii (8, 9] (x. § 3). Bupaxenue (2.59) copnagaer, uanpunep, ¢ Bupaxennes (6.18) B paGore [9], 3a rem ucKmouennem, 470 B [9] patecto &; mcroapayeror wy = Ry/r. B) Hopanposna B SecKouernocm: 4, (2.60) const; sin = —» | iV aurtar, (2.61) 3 Ry = cos ne jr(zr) — sin yen, (ur). (2.62) Takan nopuupopka wctlombayereA B TeX cayuaRX, Korsa HyARHO HecHejoRaT TMoBeAeMMe omeKTpoTION BAAN oT Havas KoopAMTaT, b KoTopoe noemen noreuyuax'), nampunep, mpm paccmotpenust npuxecusrx atoson [10]. T) Hopxmponna ¢ yuerom paccernun: =~ Sew) _ 55 J m1 (er) V (0) Ry (rar. (2.63) Torga ten {my (zr) V(r) Ri (ryrtar, 4H OKOWUATESTBHO: const! A- tg, const? = constj”-cos m; — tg mi, (2.64) Ar = (const! + tg ne) (jr (er) — tg ym (er). B3uan annautyay hymen upu r-> Ou npu ro, monn on- pesemuT dbasy pacceanua. Ham xe maoGopor: auan aummuryny u aay PyuKYUE BAaan or ATOMA, Mo-KHO oMpeseTuT HoBegeHue ¢byuK- IQ! B Hatlaze Koopgumar, ue uuTepecysch noneyeuueM (yu Ha MpomexkyTomMix paccronuusx, B oro dakre ocodewuo warnaquo DposBseTCH IpUHAUM, Ha KoTOPOM, coGcTHeNNO TOBOpA, ocHOBAHA BCH TCOPHA nceBAOMOTeNTUTATA: «MAMATS» 0 BsatMogelteTDMM saKmTI0- vena B cuBure task, KoTOpElii onperenen ¢ TOIHOCTHIO Jo RX, TC n—wenoe ineto, BametuM, u70 AMA acuomrornn (2.52) Baska basa ¢ ToIocTHIO Ao Qnx, mW hopryaa (2.64) onpemeaner (aay uMeH- uo ¢ Taxol! TOUMOCTEIO. }) Dry pasy caeayer noMMMaTh B TOM coBIcae, YTO B HAYAKO KoopsMHaT ToMeMen cHJoRoit NenTP, B PeaynETATe B3aNMOjeitcTBMA C KOTOPHIM 9TeKTpOn oGaaqaet noTemunastbnoi oneprueit V(r) § 2. PACCEAHHE HA M807MPOBAHHOM TOTEMIMATE 33 3. Torapmdpaseckne nponsnoqnue pagnarsnmx hynnmut. Urax, BAA oT NoTenMMara (WIA MoTeHMUANA c OrpaHIMeHHEIM payuycoa nelicraua R, upx r>R) soxnosad @ynnuun A, umeer stn (2.51). BoteejleHtinte atime BBIparKeHM ji 1, ABTAIOTeR UHTeTpATBEBIMEL, 110 mim caomno paccunrsmath 1. [lin sermicneHma Gasounrx cpBH- TOR cytectByeT Muomectno cHocoGoR, HalpiMep, Bapharnounbte [11-13] w xpyrme [14-18], Handonee pacnpocrpanen exexyiomuit TOAXO. Vpapnenve (2.25) xonyexaer uncmenHoe pememne mpit_moGerx snavenuax £, ect ne moctabrensi rpaumunste yetonn. TMooromy MoakHO MpomnrerpupoBary *) (2.25) auaoTs jo MeKoTOpoTo To, Hampi Mep, m0 paguyca yeiicTsna norenmmrana R, a sarem moTpeGonat» rragKoro repexoga #, » oro opy (2.51): lim #1 (r = R — 8) == const?” (cos my-f(#R) ~ sin yy-m1(%R)). a ; (2.65) lim 4; (r = R— 8) = const? (cos ny -f: (4) — sin Mem (XR). b0 Boas storapudpanueeryio mpousnognyi paguasbHoit nosmonoii dynenimn, uO) =|pe AO] (2.66) noy42em Beparkenne just Giaaoworo euuTa i (HR) — 5, (HR)-2, ten (By = PEt D0 ny GR) — ny (2R)-Ay (FE)? re mrprx y ym Beccert 1 Hefiana osnayaer ~urpipepemmu- ponanme m0 Koopyuare 7. Pacemorpnst sasicnvocts dyaxwer 2; or aneprin E, Oyen AE) meet nyan mp oneprnax E} mn ensryanpnocrt mpm anepri- AIX ey, OMIpenesTAeMBIX 113 yeroonit »: Emr ED, (2.68) Fr(r, &) or = 0. (2.69) Bunemm, yOwmaet um Boapactaet A; ¢ poctom &. fina otoro sanummem ypapneme (2.25) jan oneprim Ey, ysmoxum ero na ALE.) « mpounterpapye nor or 0 no R. Bares sanmurert (2,25) nus oneprint £,, yaoi na R(E,)e°, npomrerpupyext 10 ra BB (2.67) 1) ThoGoe qudbepenunarnuoe ypannenne soxtno uncmeHxO mpomnTerpmpo- BaTh, He aazanag rpamTunstx yeronmit, Ho mpm arom, Komewno, jomamur Onits BaANAK MaNasHABe YCTOBNA, 2) BaMeTms, uTO aTH YCIOBHA anAXOrMnbI RUIpAKeHIAM YaM cRsBURALOMeHt W antnenasunaomeit hyiknmit p AByXaTOMHOH Momexyze (cp. c TH. 4 [19]). 3.0. Aerpesos, A. A. Kannemcon 34 TW, 2, TEOPHA PACCEAHIA [nA «TBEPAOTEEMUTKOR» ‘yrem Bropoit witrerpaa 43 mepsoro: [7*(s (Ea) 981 (Es) — #1 (Ex) Bt (E2)) |e = 2 =(E,~ Ey) \ @i(E) Ri (Esredr, A rye ucnoabsopano (2.14). Yerpemum Es « Ey: Ey — Ey = 228%, Ri(F,) = By (E) + (OR i/0%) bx, R [- PRah u(r, al = | aie E) rar. Hpn r+ 0 8 coorserersuu ¢ (2.47), (2.28) R, ~ r'; crepoparearito, Ar > 0) ~ bot, (2.70) 1 ser nonyaaen : - Pee ete AEA (R, E) = aan! Ri(r, Eydr, (2.71) Tlockomsxy mpanaz uacth (2.71) orpunarerna, to AE) Mono- ‘oun yObraet ¢ pocrom E, mpoxogur pu e, vepes —o n +o u cH Ba yOsipaer (prc. 1.2). 4. Sueprermueckan sanncnmocrh hyaxnuii tgy(E). Pyarnust 4, mpoGeraet 10 Bcemy Hanasony anayennit, HooTOMy enenyes o7H- Rat, WO YHCAMTenb HW sHaMeHa- ‘ren B (2.67) 6ynyt mpu neKoTo- DHX ouepraax OOpaularsca v nynb, tT. e. tgn(E) Gymet, Ka w A(E), wer nyan 1 cnnryaap- HOCTH, CBASAHHBIe ¢ HYTAMM cuurynapnocrawm 2:(E). Suepria cuurysapnoern tgn(Z) (ume xax ee odnmHo Ha- sbiRaloT — aveprif —_ peaonatica) Monet Gith Haiigena ma pemre- nua Henmuelinoro ypapnenna: Puc. 1.2" Cxewarnieckoe mao6pane- 2 (E) = nz? (XR) m (xR). He 9HepreTHyecKOi 3aBMCHMOCTH .10- r rapu@aieckoii mponssoquoit 2. Pe- (2.72) aabHie saanenMoctn. MpejeraBxent na pute. 1.24. Viusmt cnopamu, Korma hy rmaqKo ciumaerca ¢ MeperyaAp- PIM pelennem ofHOpomtoro ypaBHenHA m, B paccenMmM BosTMKaeT pesonanc. Baeyem » pacemorperime otermmar adcomorno tRepnoit ccheps; eto — TaKoii motennuar, KoTopsii pasen +o upx rR, Mono ckasats, 370 notenma- a adcomorno tRepaoit cchepst orHocuter K Kaaccy MT-notenmazon, Ikra vaxoro norennuana mpu r ~ E E>0 (2.76) TIpoanamiaupyem Teneps noserenue tg m: BomHaH pesonanca. Tospnemue yenosmit

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