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Second Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
A isochoric process
Wy, =0
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(Heat exchange during the process
.
(B=) heat absorbed
(a) Work done = P2 (V2-V;) + Pi(Vi — Va)
W= (P:- Pd) (VeVi)
(b) Heat absorbed Fanon)
{c) Heat flowing into the cycle
LAW
do=aw
Ww =R\A-K)
(a) Effic —
ao OM
Therefore, 7
3.3 Entropy
Entropy is an extensive thermodynamic property that is measure of a system’s thermal energy
per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Thermodynai
entropy
a
non-conserved state function. For Isolated systems entropy never decreases. In statistical
‘mechanics, entropy is a measure of the number of ways in which a system may be arranged,
often taken to be a measure of ‘disorder’ (the higher the entropy the higher the disorder).
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The infinitesimal change in the entropy (dS') of a system is the infinitesimal transfer of heat
energy (5Q) to a closed system driving a reversible process, divides by temperature (T) of the
system.
as-f52
Ithas unit Joule/Kelvin or dS = je
Law of thermodynamics and entropy:
According to first law of thermodynamics
5Q=dU+ Pav
From definition of Entropy
AS =2, 6Q=TAS > Tds
TdS = dU + pav
Inequality of Clau
Consider an irreversible cyclic engine working between T: and To. If reversible engine is
operating between same temperature then from Carnot theorem,
Efficiency of irreversible (7) will always smaller than efficiency of reversible engine( 7, ).
Tr Moe
or" -9" or" -0'
or
ar om
Qi
2 oF ar
<1-2o 2
hhh
Fo irreversible cyclic Engine
or oy
To.
or j2