FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

SMOKE DETECTORS
- THIS IS A DEVICE THAT DETECTS VISIBLE OR INVISIBLE PRODUCTS
OF COMBUSTION SUCH AS SMOKE.

TYPES OF SMOKE DETECTORS

1. PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

- THIS IS A SMOKE DETECTOR THAT USES THE DENSISTY OF SMOKE
TO ASSESS DANGER. WHENEVER THE SMOKE DENSITY EXCEEDS ITS
PREDETERMINED QUNATITY IT TRIGGERS THE FIRE ALARM.

TYPE OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTORS

A. PROJECTED BEAM PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

- THIS SMOKE DETECTOR CONSISTS OF TWO SEPARATE UNITS, A
BEAM TRANSMITTER AND A BEAM RECEIVER WHICH ARE
WALL-MOUNTED ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF A SPACE BELOW THE
CEILING.
B. SCATTERED-LIGHT PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR
- THIS SMOKE DETECTOR IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS TYNDALL-
EFFECT DETECTOR. THIS USES A PULSED LIGHT-EMITTING
DIODE (LED) BEAM DIRECTED AT A SUPERVISORY PHOTOCELL
THAT SERVES AS A BASELINE REFERENCE SIGNAL.
C. LASER BEAM PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR
- THIS SMOKE DETECTOR HAS A VERY HIGH SENSITIVITY LASER
DIODE SOURCE. THE HIGH SENSITIVITY RESULTS FROM THE
VERY SHARPLY FOCUSED LASER BEAM AND ITS ASSOCIATED
CONTROL PANEL. IT IS THEN BEST INPUTTED IN CLEAN
ENVIRONMENTS.
 D. PHOTOELECTRIC SPOT-TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR
- THIS TYPE OF SMOKE DETECTOR CONTAINS A CHAMBER WITH
COVERS WHICH PREVENT THE ENTRY OF LIGHT BUT ALLOW
THE ENTRY OF SMOKE. THE ALARM IS TRIGGERED WHEN THE
SMOKE THAT ENTERS THE CHAMBER SCATTERS AND
REFLECTS THE LIGHT INTO THE PHOTOSENSITIVE CELL.

2. IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTOR

- THIS SMOKE DETECTOR TRIGGERS THE ALARM WHEN A SMALL
AMOUNT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IONIZES THE AIR IN THE
SENSING CHAMBER THEN RENDERING AND PERMITTING A CURRENT
THROUGH THE AIR BETWEEN TWO CHARGED ELECTRODES.

3. RESISTANCE-BRIDGE SMOKE DETECOTR

- THIS SMOKE DETECTOR RESPONDS TO PARTICLES AND MOISTURE
THAT ARE PRESENT IN SMOKE. IT TRIGGERS THE ALARM BECAUSE
THE SUBSTANCES REDUCE THE RESISTANCE OF AN ELECTRICAL
BRIDGE GRID THAT ALLOWS THE DETECTOR TO RESPOND.