(J. For and Against Essays ‘1 Whats genetic engineering? In what isis it used toy? What achievements lo you know ofthat have heen made in genetic engineering? 2 GED You vill ear part of a TV discussion programme about genetics. Look at {he points in favour of and agains genetic engineering, then sent the cassette and tick the pints which the speakers mention, FOR AGAINST choosing ex ot ur cidren —[] 6 moray wrong tate rurans retin idea peopl for anyob [] 7 dvdng wan ie anc poor curing deeases 8 tess ofnatoal carcrsics rowang foodterevjone — []—_ 9 unprestale cansequeoes row species ofplants costed [] 10 croatngtoo large populton| Now red the theory and the plan below and listen to the cassette agin. Then, sing the inking words and phrases below aswell as your nots give 2 one-minute talk onthe advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering (One major acantage ofA futher advantage of In ation, On the oer hand, Moreover, ial ooooo "soar aga say 2 oma oe of wig in ich top consid ‘tom eppoung poms of von. You cou resent bom see 2a Way ‘Secusang Pe ebjecty ae oa Saal ‘good xy ois ype redone stale topic (summary of the topic without giving Note: Oaion woes nk bles my ain, can ety be ued he Saree, | ‘Soergparaaph whee you ge our epron on te ope ain Buty | Points to consider Pragraphs 2&3 | 1 Botore you sat wing your stay you sould make ast fhe prs rand argues for & scart eatfcatons, examples, ‘9 Eschpaacaph seid sta wi ato sertce whe sunmaries tb pict andlor reasons tepeagaon, Paragraphs 4 & 5 "29 Macon, many poope fees areing ard warhwhie actly. (© Donotuse itomal shee. sort foms,cologal nguage ef seng Innguage to epress your opeion (ag! ow te). Exgress yur opnon na arguments against & [pstfoaton, exampies, orton way (6 sors tier fo ee). ‘andr reasons ‘© Wolicewn quottonsrevntio the top you we wing bow wi make Your nein emrposton airing, Forename ou win ey on eat | ‘2quottion yeu may nude: “Eevcaon na progassvadscorayefeurewn | Final Paragraph ‘prraon” (i Dae) te: Antoun mes te "maaced argument you tel tometer er aganet ‘Sots stronger and shouldbe suppored his se sould Be presenter Pargaphe 48 us ean fhe reader your conson balanced consideration’ your opinion cirocty or Indrocty‘Agoinst Essays ‘3 Reauthe mode below and write down the topic of each paragraph inthe autine plan on the right Undertine the inking words. What aspects ofthe ‘Discussion Coc’ (page 89) do the pints incded relate to? “Censorship is necessary in modern society.” Discuss. Censorship isan issue which reel generates a ret del of heated ee ete, with supporters maining that ts ln order to protec soc, ene whist opponents cm that Ris an unusable retieson of publ aocess to ifornation Fist, all counties have secrets which mus be safeguard for reasons Saati eeeaiaaac of natona seeuny. or stance ian enemy cout wee to acquire such highly snstivinlamato, te eet could be castro, Consequety, a ‘governments have to have the power to restct access to infomation concering areas suchas the armed forces or parcuar aspects of foreign poly. Second, tis oten argued that censorship is necessary fo peve the broadcast nd publcaton of obscane marl which is conidered ofesie ‘or ham to publ morals. Mary peopl fe a, whout censorship the public woud be constant subjected io mate hat te maori wouls ‘ind offensive. For is reason, the goverment hes a duty to impose Caran restictons on the mass medi by censoring fms and ‘which conan emt scenes of se, vlence or fou language. In const, opponents of censorship point ut that when tis abused by govurmens, censorship becomes an Instrument used to sino society and malian power. in order to conta the flow ot intrmaton which eaces the publi, repressive reges ‘yt put constants onthe media, thus denying ciizons the right to information owing to the fact that ‘goverment beeve t may lead them to sek greater tres, Furtermare, tis gery fe at mane acts are able to make informed choices about what they ‘wach, ead and isten to and should, Werte, be ited to make thelr own deisns. For earn, Some comedians make use offensive language and taboo subjects in ther petommances. Cries of ‘censorship argue tat he aly people who wl wach o siento such mate ae aduts who have made a conscious decision to do so. Thus, iis claimed tis unjust o censor mati ke tis since snot cod on peopl who may subsequent be offended by ‘Al ings considered, it can be concluded that a caran degree of censorship is aways necessary The best couse of acon would be to atept to acheve a balance between the requiremors of te ‘country and the pubic on the one hand, and Individuals gs onthe ote. aUni Ge For ond Against Essays: Useful expressions and linking words/phrases: © Tost pot: Feo Fl afl In tort place, To begat wth Secor, Tay, Fy (© Tolstadroniages: Orel thn aston io arate oi. Tremaine 2darage ot ‘9 Tota eaovanages: OnetArche/ AturetAn adden! aj) Sscovantagatanbock ot ‘Themaystestmest ereustral deaairtage ronbacc a Another epi aspect ot {© Tolnzoduce poinsargumens for or aginst One tery coninang) pinfagunortn eourct-./ apart. [Attar common oem of Reaudte spud tt ‘tan camaciuggestea ‘ney | arguedmartaned! | ‘realy | fotos seminary! ra shat. mea poppers! | achcalo (vrgheunsuper he ew Pal iontntloepts! | oppose to vw het. 4 Complete the illonng sentences without changing the meaning of the sentence befor, 1 is widely maintained tat reqtng some products redees the amount of dag we dow the envionment “Most people advocate. 2 Some people sil oppse the view that mothers cue creer women ‘on surrounding eres. ‘Scepties point ont that 4 tis generally eld that harsher punishments for criminals would result ina decrease inthe crime rae. ‘Many people SUppOt ns 5 Cites often argue that the use of computers i reducing eves of itera Afurther common 2 One mgoF ser 6 Aw 5 ill in the gaps using words from the table, 1. Some people support the thatthe wealthier countries of the world should support. the less developed counties. of using prblie transports that ican get oxy ‘ronded during busy periods 3. Environmentalss banning the use of cars inte cy centre 4 Another negative of keeping pets is that veterinary bill «am be exremely expensive, 5 IL Is widely wnnnone that nuclear ‘weapons should be banned ‘worlwide to eliminate the threat of nuclear war. » advantage of owning a ‘mobile phone i that one can cootact others from almost anywhere.Unit 60 Far Agus! Essays ‘Useful expressions and linking words/phrases: "© To add more pono the same tpl: ‘naan fo) turhornore, moreover, aloe apart to, what a ‘more, a5 wa as, ott marten ea) tat, a, nt On Du aE ‘boy and aes ance eda te euniueesospunen ‘6 Tomake contrasting pointe: sttough ough, sen ough while whist hee, eepojn spe me ‘ae epee ee tat Orpanans ot. rguableelin at ‘Theta nl conrad tm beter a. ‘Whi is tue say he..ntc lee, Meant = done at. Join the sentences using the words/phrases given in brackets. 1 Pescanpove tobe good companions They each len sense of responsi: (not ony) 2: Many people nowadays decider pen ir owa busines. A slump in te economy has resulted inthe closure of many small business. (ven though ‘Computers are imesaving devices. They can do things wich people could hry do befor. apart from) 4 Ling in the counsite can be benef for your health. Some essen are not so easly avaiable in the country ai the iy. (despite) 5 Voting ges you oie inthe decisions ofthe goverment tgs you afelng of eonging lager communi. (a to mention that) 7 Complete the flfowing sentences, then replace the phrases in bold ‘with other similar ones. A Regardless of the fac that county life can be moch heather than sity ite, eee ae “ 2 Efforts have boen made to reduce discrimination between mea and women nOMethele8, on 3 In spite of making some atempls vo end wars wordvde, 44 Many people fe thatthe testing of products on animals i cruel, while * Read the items below and say whether the second sentence presents an additional or contrasting point. Then, join the Sentences using words/phrases from the table. 1 Alternative medicines treat the symptoms of a disease, Conventional redicngs treat the underlying cause of adsoeder. 2 Altemative medicine makes use of natural products rather than drugs. ‘Alternative medicines are not tested on imal, 3 Conventional doctors have recognisable and respected qualifications, Conventional treatments are widely available to everyone, 4 Poople trust conventional treatments because they are tested scientealy People ate often suspicious of alternative — methods which sometimes rely on a “trial and ero” technique 5 Altemative weatments cause few or no sideetfects, Conventional treatments can cause severe side- ffs,‘nit Ga For ond Agoas Essays “Useful expressions and linking words/phrases ‘Useful Language and 4 Tonredes eampie linking words/phrases {can mfarc, suchas, npr patch, Years cae oung a nthe ‘Tat cuay arandsnom ya Pat ‘ecoet snasioaestone pose Ow Seti pea emp tf got as Do ee ‘Thefect et... shonshtusrates at ‘Toxpress tect: threes us, 223 1 Toomptaste spat ‘canon crear 2 Chay voce bua eas, mesa. Noo ‘neem vaos app ib Fireerierc ome ni noue Inet neue theses acy pac. Ne atet.inaet To expresinteton no sta Tomate peor toes ‘acer soa wernt {agen guy, geen nt woke, bande, a ‘© Tomake partly covet statements: {oacaran enariegres to some etertogteo, ina waysese 615 40) Juin the sentences using the linking Der a oe ar eae Fu Ree Lengo 18 Toemlanetnty paint due, in adton to, onthe grounds ht, Irotererse hts tsa, leh moana at ‘href, wit th interton of 1 The government has launched a 9 Fllin the gaps using words/phrases from he Ist. Some wordsphrases campaign to promote nw business in «an be used more than once. rural ares They hoe to dea people aay ro the large urban centres ‘Television is a highiy entertaining medium. Tt ean abo be an exelent tpt point, especial, inde, his means, nee ty, in genera in Fick the fot that, obvi, example 1 cnn people hie mised felngs about the_don ok ‘fi iomion twa omy. Sige apenna toy 2 hsp cmp aos after but” ia ep sol nite opportu sutines ts ts thy ~The alowed op hock eng aaacat evar oa ber eet nde 3 ag ace wa el” “phe ea pe iat ods nial uate ee ee 4 Ape nec ot ie te PR ca yc the ta te vey open fr ae = 5 can AG my el aed Sofa EO ca ‘Sr te Ec og ge ot ipa ds a," pee teins Tl tod herefos dott want oi ten ey og ieee sss 6 Using public transport can be a nuisance, hen buses and trains ae late during rush hou periods. Advances in medical science mean that cures have been found for many discos, people live longer nowadays, 8 "mast people agree that more effort should ‘be made where the recycling of materials s concerned. 9 More and more women are gong back to work after the bint of their elem ns heave 0 find Somenme | twlook after the children during the day.‘Useful expressions and linking words/phrases CConcuson expressing blence consderationsiopinionintecty ‘tearm be sailed hat Inconcsin, Iteeamslppsars rt ‘Onbalace, "vou seem a Tecan, ‘best couse of acon woud Bete Toumup, _cieingatalace bowen. wd be. Aina Histuetocay nat allay, aeught must be sitet “tray be concen tat ‘Atthings corre, th obveus conusion be cw tha “Thre sno abeolae revert quaston ot Inge ight fis erence, i's carci hat. ‘meoncuson| | terapparet| leone ‘Alina, is piancbvios {rom be M28 pois Tosmun, | levcert [70 ements ‘Conclusion expresing opinion doety Inconeaon, Onpataoe, "is my baetopiion at. ‘Aings corde, | | ia belvaatink at. {axing eventing nto amcaroad a. secounlconsceaton, | am nena to boleve that Tocorcide (ono agree ath, Tosumup. Atal, Tang evening wo account, hertore orcudaeoaive tha. Fotthe stove meaonod razore, haere ry blo that 14. Replace the phrases in bold with other similar ones, 1 All things considered, I believe that corporal punishment should nt ‘be reintroduced into our School ait isa cruel method of disciplining students 2 Lastly itmay be concluded that freedom of speech sa ase right of ‘very individual, egarles of race o reed. 3 To conclude, Iam convinced that all the governments ofthe work should embark immediately ona joint policy of total disarmament, 4 To conclude, itis clear that in the light ofthe many miscarriages of justice in dhe ps, capital punishment is at ethical or harman, and shouldbe abandoned entirely. 5 In conclasion, it is my opinion that school uniforms are an unfortunate necesity and therefore should not be abolished. Note: ‘Afr and agains” essay can end in ‘belanced consideration m wich you Festte that thee are points for snd against the topc using appropiate ‘expressions tom the table. ‘ Aterately, can ond by expressing ‘an opinion, which case you sae, ‘recy or incite, that you are ether In favour of or against te toi, using ‘expressions om the table. 412 Read the conclusions below and say meer they express a balanced con- sideration, or the writer's opinion ~ irectlyndrety. “Toconldeahoghit mist bed tha sen of repens on of the mos inporant gels ich «an be ile in young people, it ‘Sol te ogre that there ae er, qual important quale 2 For the sbwe-memioned reasons, therefore, I fly belive that i people ae taht keen seme of respons tovardsthensehes and othr, then thy wl have the best possible startin fe. The wy Tc {aking fall responsiiy for ones cor son's esa ang en tones i. 3 Tosum up, it woud scm that, nce young people inow how 10 tke respons for tr ato, they ate beter eaupped to lar about lite. While there ae ether important pats a ighy-devloped seme of responsbliy proves the il fection for esa deem 4 On balan, it sens that sere of caewealy ofa toRiG pa ea young person's development. Neverthe, when pied alonpide other human qualities, such as ecierinareayliaetay as reas the mos seiUnit ia For and Against Essays ‘orphrases inthe main body with ones sil SORTED 13 ‘Read the min body ofthe for and against essay blow on the top: Discuss the view tht advertising promotes exesve conumerism ‘Then ead the beganings and endings and say which ofthe techniques ‘mp. Shas ben wd in each one. Final replace the bald ipe wards in meaning. \Whetrer ison TV, radio or Roaring atthe se of tera, advorisemerss have becom a pat four ios. 5 melee aremeecr in terriers eet eaeenmeet eieeetenie er realy neea? 2. Advertking & a power and persuasive medium. You may fel this san ruin ip your day fe, ae resent he ‘ressure on you 6 spend money. Cer, however, enjoy the vary which tis Nighy reiveindusy brings to ‘rena, {3 Advartsng i an afective way af ealing new products, and many people argue tha ts eectverassbrainwashes us Into unecessary sponding. Oho, however, agree. As oromy Tune Sd, Aavortsing ca el ary produ ‘can only nb sel a product re people wart to uy." One of the main arguments for advertising is ‘hat generates weatsfora courzy. Tat isto say. taxes paid on goede sos, help governments 1 pay “or essential series such es education and Meath care. Moreover, tho number of jobs created "or producing, marketing and servicing these goods helps to reduce the unemployment problem, which 's also a great advaniage fora county's econony. What Is more, sdverising raises money Tor & huge umber of sporting. events and attic Performances which would otherwise not be held. Wnout sponsorehip om companies who advertise ‘ner products, the events would cisappoar due to lack “of funding. In. other words, although consumerism = promoted trough advertising, # ‘banefesal tooth he consumer and sot ‘On the other hand, advertisements can cause people 1o be dssatisied with what they already have, and make them wart more. Being exposed again and again to produc which one cannot atfra produces fusation and dissatstacton. Furthermore, Nola parents are in a postion to afford the goods ‘which ter chidren see sdvarsed and want to possess. This ofon loads to festngs of inadequacy, ‘especially among the loss walt “in addhtion to this, acvertsing creates materialism ‘and causes peopie 10 pice oo much importance on eral goods, The fact hat people are prepared 1 ‘worklong nous, or ven tum ere in oder te gain ‘he goods on ofr, shows that advonsing persuadoe ‘people 0 go to great lengths to keep the same ‘Sandard oftieg as those they see around them is ‘fact. hough, tat nether edmenor te ses caused by overwork can beneft society cop ‘A To sum up, Is tru to say that advertising does provide some Denes. However, do you not agree that she srawoacks of greedy, mails soc far outweigh te advantages, and we need be cael that we donot Tose sgh of what is most mpetart~ a spit of co-operation rater than competion? 'B To conclude, must be sald that, whe edvarsing may cast jealousy and Inequaly in socty, wrhout we would ee a vauabe gout of revenue which ued for he Benet othe meloty. What wouls ou vee be he vwineut adveresment? {© In conclusion, | belive that advertising oss o goerato weal by encouracing pple o spend unnecessaly. losers greed and breeds dssasacion wile dsrecing us fem focusing on more vil ings. As Marion Harper Si “Advertising is fund in soi which have passed he pol of salsying the basc ana nds”14 Read the four topic sentences below and match cach with the corresponding paragraph. Does each topic sentence adequately summarise the argument it presents? What would a suitable Introduction and cocoon befor this sy? “ving ina foreign country cannot be better than living in your own.” Discuss. Furthermore, people who move to foreign county ms be ‘eznded with sic and eae uti. ‘On the ober an ving abroad canbe away to esape a vai of problems presestedin one's country of bith. € On apmetn fi sig inne omy pre apg tascrva fccmmtinoe ee country, peopl re Finally it ay be sid that by vg in a foreign country, pon feo establish a rater understanding betmeen nations cece eat os rueescre i ia eee tate a eo ee ern ‘fad bier standaed of ing. 8 me 15 Whit ofthe folowing ae arguments Aint Essays In favour and which are arguments agaist the topic “Schoo! plas « ‘moe important rl tha the aly in shaping ne’ personal.” Discs. Suggest examplesjustifcation for cach argument. Finally, write the «composition n about 30 words. Moreover, so mucha the choo dy is devied "to competition and preparation for examinations that thet site tie let for personality tovlopment One tes an ite ine 2 doesent wh tet pres than ith ees a stn poet in epor of ‘State a rd ‘oamdeatcy oes (One point in four of the role of school tha i a school where ‘hidren fist learn cali, Faurrmor, chien wl spead {eye fhe one ee they eve go tocol What is more, he average cid spends asmny as eight hous day in ehoit 6a For ins Essays PLANNING & ORGANISATION © Tarn an torte agp you mae wen wing against essays, When following this plan you present | Death tteurantteccveiavonanttie sane ee Intatuton Paragraph Sate lope [summary of tople fran esay te wounens fr and aganst mut beequlinnunter | WOU Sat cudhmaee, | EDOM stg your dance) Knee ncnttnrecnicutetenas | ai tty noma - | Paragraph 2 festerpmenttorS gant | 16 eater feed des ot coord oi acces secre argument br & aga ie " argument for & against Read the model and say which = | arguments have been presented bette nta td poet ‘he balanced consideration your | ‘pinion expressed arecthinceety * You may inte more paregraphs In ite man body you mah ce | oe ‘ier he yoare, mankind has ecognised ie nec or persoral and socal teedom, and this is perhaps one of the most, Imporart socal sdvancernts evr mace. However, whee I has led io Inctessed personal hapoiess is hy Cobetale; mary. people would argue tat grestr foudom has lod to neteased sec sower and personal (cssatracuon | Fray, 8s wrth people ae now more a bert to choose how to ve ther ves. Fox example, inte West word atleaet, ne ccs of where 1 ne, wal cae 0 pusue anc which region elow ras never been greater nation {orthe, people have mors ese tine n wfich enjoy @Waer ange ofezeaional aces. On the oer hand, tay be argued that his Ioteased Feedom car lead people to take things fr granted and expect oo much from He, As an ‘rape of hi the grostor chloe of ataral goodsavalale ras resued In people quickly rowing bore with thei possessions, Consequently, n0 scone have they acquted something naw than they te of. They find shorter happiness mn maleral goods and gntetanmert, but boredom and fusvaion soon send ther ioking for fesh setractona ‘Secondly, sci and moral atiudes have become ess il. Tis has alowed for ages ary ests ard more troodom in human flans. Ths susate bythe fac that pupis and tachers Now Vea each her as exuas, ard parents rtorenps aro now much mare relaxed. Nevrtees, some paoplebalee that his increase teedom has resulted In tho esosaen of socal probes. They arguo tha he curent lack of spine has given reo 10 2 breakown nthe tastional aly andthe docay educational andacs a wel a ther In uverie delngusncy. “Tus, tay bo sal tha sory f Becoming mor and more dangerous because fhe vor fact hat peopl are more ‘opansinded than thoy were nthe past “To conclude, there fs evidence bah to suppor ad rele the vw thet geste eed doos not necessary ea to ester rappinase. On the one hand, peopis have more cpporturles orale ter stander of lvng Or the Per Pant, {he many amples of pots, sikes and cimial acts which a a feature of modem society are a sgn tha. though people maybe, thoy are ot necessary happier. sentences clearly. summarise the canteat of each paragraph? Final, tundertine all the useful expressions and linking words oF phrases and replace them with ones similar in ‘meaning.‘Unit Go For ond Agoas Essays 17 Read the following arguments and match each argument in favour of using inl oe euerieat withthe creping argue agains ‘The fling the paragraph plano page which angus yo end ince nach paragraph nally, rite cer tice or ‘each paragrph y Arguments for using animals for entertainment. 1 Tos cae lal sl ah he ce ers ugh coal cing progran 2 ‘Sint wel ees ‘chetnoments a ll te td atet ge sence 3 Giant lek ta acy psn fr ston 4 Ring asinas tae avery short woking ie and are welled thouthout Arguments guns wing animal for entertainment, 2 Aga fet ptm a fre oe ie 1» Kesping ans in cages so the pubic an se them umnsesy Because documents produced fy ke Sve The eed for such Places. «With new technology and speci effets, there no need to use Te animals realistic modes ca be wed insted. 4 Racing animals have poeing traning schedules and are often placed in unnezesary danger 18 First, think ofas many points for and against earl retirement as psible. Then listen to the enssete and lin the gaps in the boxes below. Were your arguments the same a those you bear? Finally, ‘wie the paragraph plan you would use ifyou wee to write am essay on the opi: 19 Read the lining compton topic ters est le, “Should countries encourage tourism?” Discuss. (© What arethe wo sides the question? | Which ofthe folowing arguments are oc and which against 1 The deste 10 atact tutes to a carain area often