TOPIC 4 . Limits of Accuracy 1, Pencils are packed in a box. Each pencil has a diameter of 7 mm, correct to the nearest millimetre. (a) Write down the lower bound of the diameter of a pencil. S Ze Answer (a) «. mm [1] (b) Find the smallest width of a box that can always hold 8 pencils side by side. Give your answer in centimetres. Answer (6) . om [2] [une/2010/P 11/09] 2. (a) A box has volume 2.5 m>, Express this volume in em? Answer (A) sressessseeee sone om? [1] (b) John has a length of string. The string is 4 m long, correct to the nearest 10 cm. (i Write down the lower bound of the length of the string. Give your answer in centimetres. Answer (BNI) oe em [1] Gi) John cuts off ten pieces of string. Each piece is 5 cm long, correct to the nearest centimetre. Find the minimum possible length of string remaining, Give your answer in centimetres. Answer (b\ii) em [2] [June/2010/P 12/022]' OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy Page 2 3. The length of a side of an equilateral triangle is given as 41 mm, correct to the nearest millimetre. (a) Write down the lower bound for the length of a Answer (A) seveneevnee aM [I] (b) Giving your answer in centimetres, calculate the lower bound for the perimeter of the triangle, Answer (b) . em [1] [Nov/2010/P 11/06] 4. ABC is a triangle. Angle A is 62°, correct to the nearest degree. Angle B is 53.4°, correct to the nearest tenth of a degree. (a) Write down the lower bound for angle B. Answer (a) ... (b) Calculate the upper bound for angle C. Answer (6) ... 2) [Nov/2010/P 12/021] 5. An athlete ran a race in 9.58 seconds, correct to the nearest hundredth of a second. What is the shortest possible time that the athlete could have run the race? AMSWEF caorcscesesceenee Seconds [1] [June/2011/P 11/014(6)] 6. (a) Add 55 minutes to 2.4 hours, giving your answer in hours and minutes, AMSWEP eosersesee HOUTS . minutes [1] (b) The mass of a bag of sugar is given as 1.5 kg, correct to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. Write down the upper bound of this mass, giving your answer in grams, AMsWer oso g[) [Nov/2011/P 11/04)OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy © Page 3 7. The length of a side of a square is given as 57 mm, correct to the nearest millimetre (a) Write down the upper bound for the length of a side. . Answer. mm [1] (b) Giving your answer in centimetres, calculate the upper bound for the perimeter of the square. Answer om [2] [Now/2011/P12/Q17] 8. An empty lorry has a mass of 4.3 tonnes, correct to the nearest tenth of a tonne, (a) What is the lower bound for the mass of the empty lorry? ANSWEP cossrerevinee tonnes [1] () The total mass of the lory and its load is 6.8 tonnes, correct to the nearest tenth of a tonne, Find the upper bound for the mass of the load. Answer .. tonnes [1] DunalDO1ZIP IOS) 9. The length of a rectangular rug is given as 0.9 m, correct to the nearest ten centimetres. The width of the rug is given as 0.6 m, correct to the nearest ten centimetres. (a) Write down the upper bound, in metres, of the length of the rug Answer F .m [I] (b) Find the lower bound, in metres, of the perimeter of the rug Answer m [1] ([June/2012/P 12/08] 10, The mass of a box is 2 kilograms, correct to the nearest kilogram. (a) Write down the lower bound for the mass of the box. Answer kg [1] (b) The mass of a can is 350 grams, correct to the nearest 10 grams, Giving your answer in kilograms, calculate the lower bound for the total mass of the box and 20 identical cans, Answer kg [2] [Nov/2012/P 11/913]OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy © Page 4 11, Sam and Tom ran 60 m. Sam took 9.4 seconds, correct to the nearest tenth of a second. Tom took 8 seconds, correct to the nearest second. (a) Write down the upper bound for the time taken by Sam. Answer seconds [1] (b) Calculate the greatest possible difference between the time taken by Sam and the time taken by Tom. Answer .. seconds [1] [Nov/2012/P 12/013] 12. The length of a side of a square is given as d cm, correct to the nearest 10 em. Find an expression in terms of d for (a) the upper bound of the perimeter of the square, Answer .. . om [1] (b) the lower bound of the area of the square. Answer ., cm? [1] [Nov/2013/P 11/05] 13. In the diagram, 5 AOB = 46°, correct to the nearest degree, AOC =162°, correct to the nearest degree. (a) Write down the lower bound for AOB. <6] C Answer = om OO (b) Find the lower bound for BOC. 2] [Nov/2013/P 12/011] Answer.OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy Page 5 14. A rectangular garden has length 35 metres and width 25 metres, These distances are measured correct to the nearest metre. (a) Write down the upper bound of the length of the garden. Answer m [1] (b) Work out the lower bound of the perimeter of the garden, Answer - m [2] [une/2014/P 12/914) 15. The time taken to run a race is given as 54.3 seconds, correct to the nearest 0.1 of a second, (a) Find the lower bound for the time taken. Answer .... stl] (b) The distance run is given as d metres, correct to the nearest metre. Write down an expression, in terms of d, for the maximum possible average speed, in metres per second. Answer - m/s [1] [Now/2014/P 12/09] 16. An empty box has a mass of 0.8 kg correct to the nearest 0.1 kg. (a) Write down the lower bound for the mass of the empty box. Answer . kg [1] (b) The box is filled with books. The total mass of the box and the books is 6 kg correct to the nearest kilogram Work out the lower bound for the mass of the books. Answer . kg 2) 17. At an athletics event, Dave and Ed each threw a javelin, Dave threw 60 m, correct to the nearest 10 metres, Ed threw 61 m, correct to the nearest metre. (a) Write down the lower bound for the distance thrown by Dave. Answer .m [I]OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy © Page 6 (b) Calculate the greatest possible difference between the distance thrown by Ed. tance thrown by Dave and the Answer seven m [1] [Nov/2015/P12/09] 18. The aircraft flies a distance of 3200 km, correct to the nearest 100 km. Write down the lower bound for the distance. ANSWEP ose . km [1] une/2016/P 11/03(6)] 19. Anil has some sweets with a mass of 600 g, correct to the nearest 10 grams. (a) Write down the lower bound of the mass of sweets. Answer ge {l] (b) Anil sells the sweets in small portions. Each portion has a mass of 25 g, correct to the nearest gram, He sells 10 portions of the sweets. Calculate the lower bound of the mass of sweets remaining. Answer woe BY [June/2016/P 12/016] 20. A box has a mass of 1.7 kg, correct to the nearest 0.1 kg. (a) Write down the lower bound for the mass of the box. Answer ke U1] (b) The box holds 100 jars. Each jar has a mass of 140 grams, correct to the nearest 10 grams. Calculate the lower bound of the total mass of the box and 100 jars. Give your answer in kilograms, Answer kg [2] [Nov/2016/P12/919}OL Mathemauics PA Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy @ Page 7 21. A runner completes a race in 12.3 seconds, correct to the nearest tenth of a second. What is the lower bound for the runner’s time? Answer .. 8 [I] Lune/2017/P 11/08(6)] 22. A thermometer measures temperature correct to the nearest degree. The outside temperature is measured as -8 °C, (a) Write down the upper bound of the outside temperature, Answer °C [I] () The inside temperature is measured as 10°C. Calculate the lower bound of the difference between the outside temperature and the inside temperature, Answer °c [1] [June/2017/P 12/06] 23. The area of a rectangle is given as 8 cm?, correct to the nearest em? (a) Write down the lower bound for the area of the rectangle Answer ..... cove om? [1] (b) The width of the rectangle is given as 2 cm, correct to the nearest em. Calculate the lower bound for the length of the rectangle. Answer once tom (U] [Nov/2017/P 12/09} 24, A rectangle has length 64 mm and width 37 mm each correct to the nearest millimetre. (a) Write down the lower bound for the length, Answer... seveee mm [1] (b) Calculate the lower bound for the perimeter of the rectangle, ANSWEP oso en mm [1] [une/2018/P 12/06]OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 Limits of Accuracy S Page 8 25. The size of a television screen is given as 95 cm, correct to the nearest 5 cm. ‘Write down the upper bound of the size of the television screen. . om [1] INov/2019/P 12/06(6)}OL Mathematics P1 Topic 4 - Answers © Page 1 ANSWERS Topic 4 - Limits of Accuracy 1. (a) 6.5mm. (b) Smallest width of box = 7.5x8= 60 mm =6em 2. (a) 2.5m’ = 2.5% 1000000 = 2500000 cm? (b) (i) Lower bound = 400-5 = 395 cm (i) Max. length of 10 pieces =10(5.5) =55cm Min. length of remaining string =395-55=340 em 3. (a) Lower bound = 410.5 = 40.5 mm (b) Perimeter of A = 3(40.5) = 121.5 mm =12.15 em 4. (@)_L. bound for 2B = 53.4°-0.05° =53.35° (b) Upper bound 2C =180°-61.5°-53.35° =65.15° 5. Shortest time = 9.58 ~ 0.005 = 9.575 seconds. 6. (a) 2.4 hours=144 minutes 144+55=199 min.=3 hours 19 minutes (b) Upper bound mass =1.5 +0.05=1.55 kg 550 g 7. (a) Upper bound length = 57-+0.5=57.5 mm (b)_ Upper bound perimeter = 4(57.5) =230 mm =23 em 8. (@) L. bound of mass = 4.3 - 0.05 = 4.25 tonne (b) U. bound of load = 6.85 — 4.25 = 2.6 tonne 9 (a) 10cm=0.1m U, bound of length = 0.9 +0,05 = 0.95 m (b)_L. bound of perimeter = 2(0.85 +-0.55) =2.8m 10. (a) _L. bound of mass = 2~0.5=1.5 kg. 1. 12, 13. 14, 15, 16. 17, 18, 19, (b) Lower bound for mass of 20 cans = 20(350-5) = 6900 g=6.9 kg L. bound of total mass = 6.9+1.5=8.4 kg (@)_U. bound for time =9.4 + 0.05 =9.45 (b) Max. time difference = 9.45 -7.5=1.95 s. (a) Upper bound of perimeter = 4(d +5) =(4d +20) em (BL. bound of area = (d 5)? cm (@) Lower bound for OB = 45.5° (b) L. bound for BOC = 360° - 46.5° -162.5° =151° (@)_U. bound of length = 35+0.5=35.5 m (b) Lower bound of the perimeter = 284.5 +24.5)=118 m (@)_L. bound for time = $4.3 -0.05 maximum distance minimum time 4405 S425 ™S (©) Max. average speed = (a) _L. bound of mass = .8 = 0.05 = 0.75 kg (6) Lower bound for mass of books =(6-0.5)-(0.8 + 0.05) =4.65 kg, (a) Lower bound for distance = 60-5 = 55 m (b) Greatest difference in the distances =(61+0.5)-(60-5)=61.5-55=6.5 m L. bound of distance = 3200 ~ 50 = 3150 km (8) Lower bound of mass = 600-5 =595 g (b)_ Upper bound of mass of 10 portions =10(25+-0,5)=255 g Lower bound of mass of remaining sweets = 595255 = 340 g.OL Mathematics PA 20. (a) L. bound for mass =1.7-0.05 = 1.65 kg 2. 22, 23. 24. 25, (b) Lower bound of the mass of 100 jars =100(140- 5) = 13500 grams = 13.5 kg -. Lower bound of the total mass =13.541.65=15.15 kg. Lower bound for time = 12.3 ~ 0.05 = 12.25 s 8°+0.5°=-7.5° (©) Lower bound of the difference = (10°-0.5°)~ (7.59) =17° (@)_U. bound of temp. (@) Lower bound for area = 8 -0.5 = 7.5 em? (6) Lower bound for the length lower bound for the area _ 7.5 upper bound for the width 2.5 =3cm (@)_L. bound of length = 64 - 0.5 = 63.50 mm (b) Lower bound for perimeter = 2(63.50 + 36.50) = 200 mm Upper bound of size =95-+2.5=97.5 cm Topic 4 - Answers & Page 2