EN 212 - Electrical Machines

Assignment-2
Date: 09-02-2023 Due: 16-02-2023

1. Refer to the cross-section of an electromagnetic structure shown in Fig. 1. The stator has
two windings, a-phase and b-phase and each phase winding has three coils (numbered in the
figure). Positive direction of current in each coil are marked by (coming out of the sheet) or
× (going into the sheet). Currents in the a-phase and the b-phase windings are ia = Im cos(ωt)
and ib = Im sin(ωt), respectively. The rotor is cylindrical in shape and is made of the same
ferromagnetic material used for the stator. The ferromagnetic material can be assumed to have
infinite permeability. Radial air-gap between the stator and the rotor is g, as indicated in the
figure.

(a) At the time instant ωt = 45◦ , draw the magnetic field lines (representative) in the magnetic
structure and identify the equivalent north and south poles of the magnetic field created
by the currents flowing in the windings. (Note: Take a print-out of the second page
and draw filed lines on that)
(b) Consider Im = 2A, ω = 100π rad/s and g = 5 mm. At the time instant ωt = 60◦ , sketch
the following:
(i) the variation of magnetic flux density (radial) in the air-gap due to the currents in
individual coils of phase-a against the angular position θ
(ii) the variation of total flux density (radial) of phase-a winding vs θ
(iii) the variation of magnetic flux density (radial) in the air-gap due to the currents in
individual coils of phase-b against the angular position θ
(iv) the variation of total flux density (radial) of phase-b winding vs θ.
Make suitable assumptions to simplify the calculation and state all the assumptions made.
(Note: There will be eight plots in total. Use a graph paper to plot all of them
one below the other. Mark all the significant values of Bg and θ.)
(c) The total flux density is a periodic function of θ as seen from (b). Calculate the magnitudes
of the first four harmonic components (with non-zero magnitude) of the resultant flux
density using Fourier series. Comment on the relative magnitudes.
(d) Approximating the total flux density variation (due to each phase current) to a sinusoid
(first harmonic calculated in (c)), derive an expression for the resultant air-gap flux density
(due to currents in both phases - all coils) as a function of time t and angular position θ.
(e) Sketch the resultant air-gap flux density against angular position, using the expression
derived in (d), at four time instants ωt = 60◦ , 150◦ , 240◦ , 330◦ . Is the resultant flux density
a travelling wave? Can it be visualized as a rotating magnetic field? Comment with
reasons.

2. A 3-phase AC machine has a six-pole stator winding arranged in 48 slots. Draw the cross-section
of the stator, indicate the approximate positions of slots. Identify the slots corresponding to
the different phases (R, Y , B). (Note: Computer-generated figure is acceptable, but the slot-
identification must be hand-written.)

1
 a2
a1 a3
b1
b'3 g
x

b2
b'2
x

b3
x

b'1
x x a'
a'3 x
a'2
Figure 1: Magnetic structure with two-phase two-pole winding