jons where cael a “of Mi minate one of the letters. the olin In this chapter we look at equal before we ean add or subtract 0 oe Consider this problem: an either groups of Wa or jp -Thelbeats f can be arranged in 1. How many tg. Yb, 8 in an aeroplane © fel fr 450 passengers O80 ng Mop A total of 160 groups are to be U8 Rey, ede vorsent grou, \ ros the number of twWo-sew PS ong Tied fare two unknown aunibers heres the wen four-seat groups, then, as there ‘ seat groups, re | I there are x two-seat groups ani y fourseat BY Or total, x+y = 160 (il The number of passengers in two-seat ET Seat groups is dy. As there are 450 passem 2x + [2] 7 t hi We now have two simultaneous equations, but ee ee, = ps ie fame Ment, or of ys, But if we multiply equation [1 by 2.we #2 TY | UT Ne ean ny ‘equation and equation [2] using the same method a8 i . Ye ‘The solution can be set out as follows. xty=160 [1 Qe +4y=450 [21 OD 2 gives 2x + 320 (3) oups ig 2x and na Bamber OF Passe, gers in total, we have "hy (21 — [3] gives 2y = 130 80 y=65 Substituting 65 for y in [1] gives x=95 Therefore, there are 95 two-seat groups. Notice that we have numbered the equations and explained what we have done wit, — this is essential so that ether people can follow the argument. Worked example > Solvethe equations 3 - 2y =1 fy dx ty =5 * Sy-2y=1 I ee +y=5 22 ultiplying [2] by 2 gives us th ate iad 0 same number of ys asin (il, 98 © scanned with OKEN Scanner; 10 Simultaneous equations ayives Bt 2y 0 pee weal 11+ fal gives iraq, Q Bite doen again to ring tho i ad ‘auations together for tho next step. “patitute Hforxin [2] 4 gubstitul . Vya5 Shae rom both sido ot qrekin We LAS = 3 — arereforesthe solution isx = 1,y 0 4 Rus othe following pairs of equations, solv art 1 39K 4 y= 19 xt) dxty <9 a'nc'4% Bx t 2y =2 Bre bx + dy = 2) ares Wy og 6 dx + By = 25 x4 By =19 worked example -> Solvethe equations 5x + gy = 7 10x + 4y = 16 Q) (2) ll] x 2 gives 10x + 6y = 14 [3] 10x +4y = 16 [2] {3} - [21 gives ay =-2 ‘Weill subtract {2) from [3] 80 yor wewrite [2] again underneath, Substitute ~1 for y in [1] 5x - 3 Add 3 to both sides Bx x Check in [2]: LHS = 20 + (- 4) = 16 = RHS Therefore, the solution is x = 2,y = —1 Solve the pairs of equations. 9 2x+5y =1 11 4x + By =1 4x + 8y =9 16x — By = 21 10 Or +5y =15 12 Tp + 2q= 22 3x — Dy = -6 ap+4qg= 19¢ © scanned with OKEN Scanneretd 10 lt PY a letter Sometimes we M! sasbtranct to eliminate Worked example > Salve the equations a ty get 6y in both eq 0: wel ars. Alternatively wc iw bath ons from (11 9 ar + By © 6 [1] = Sever oO ‘We will subtract [3] [2] » Bagives write (3] again unden [4] ~ 13] gives Substitute 7 for xin [21 Take 14 from both sides Divide both sides by 3 Check in {1}; LHS = 21-15 = 6= RHS Therefore, the solution is x = Solve the following pairs of equations. 1 Qe+ dy = 12 8 Or + by = 17 15 Gr + by = 8 22 Bet Byer Gr + dy = 23 Qe - Gy = A ar+4y=1 56) = 9 9x ~ 2y 16 7x - dy = 20 23 Tx 4+ Bye. 748) ar + dy = —4 10 Sr + dy = 11 Br 4 3y =3 MW 4r+5y=26 18 Gr — Sy =4 Br + 4y = 28 dr + Qy = -8 5 dx -Sy=-18 12 2-6) = ye . 6x +2y = 12 Br + dy 4 ents BGT =25 1 bea =e 20 1s + Gy = 18 2+ Oy = 19 Momo 7 5x + dy = eet Stoom 4 wta=5 og, oe teas By =17 28 Br tay 5r+4y <6 72-478 00 © scanned with OKEN Scannerte _ “ 10 Simultanoous equations you enn solve same pa} . Pm of, Her equation, for some nea wht without py one evuntion By a nUMber and fue ae will need to 2 ply both equations by numbers, here you will need to a of equations, Bee 3 9 orto . Bx dy 45 6 8x ~ By <1 ” 10 - ML Oe + 2y = B Tx + 3y 8 Br + 2y = 16 2 ~ Bx-y = -15 sometimes the equations Are arranged in an awkward way and need tote rearranged before we can solve them, worked example “> Solve the equations x = 4—2y 2-2 =6 ‘Wo must iret arrange the letters in x=4-3y 164) 90 the eame order in both equations. =6 2) By adding Sy to both sides, we can write gy a= equation ft gy +x = 4. ash {I} becomes By +x=4 [3] By-x=6 [2] l+[lgives 5y = 10 y=2 Substitute 2foryin[l] x=4-6 x72 Check in [2]: LHS = 4 - (-2) = 6 = RHS Therefore, the solution is x = -2,9 = 2 Solve the following pairs of equations. Bo oy=g-x 16 3=2ty dy = 16-2 x+y =B 4x +6 = 10y xo dy = 8 : =7 MW x-y=2 16 9+2=9 Ei ay years. xt dy =12 © scanned with OKEN ScannerRewrite [1] 08 12) + [S} gives Substitute 6 for yt fl vei wisest p< 6= LHS ‘ Cheek in (2: nus =1+ Late, Therefore the solution 9 = 19" é | ue following oss ofequatins rtd) yrO+e =10- Mice err y= 10-2 20 s-34y aed axty= 22 ae4-y x48 yrste Special cases me have an infinite Some pairs of equations have no sclution and so number of solutions. ‘Try solving the following pairs of equati Tey aling the flv quations. Comment on why the Txt 2=6 a . rior voit 23r+4y=1 a" si 6x + By =2 wtyei” =1 5 Moke up other pars of equations which ether or have an infinite set of solutions, ez navetno soltticm’ 202 © scanned with OKEN Scannerof 10 Simultaneous equations vind problems often find ANAWErS to problem, ee qneots equations and nol 5 a ayobl important to, 12th problem carefully and mae suey i wy the unknown quantiti, re you Understand it HET ge letters to the unknown ny by cate rabets when this i Watt rc tA tn : i w i fara diagram ci th broken, is about a seometre ra a oe {information that is not spelled out i, ‘ieee igure; this will often help you to estat he amewer You obtain fate infor a : ven, 4 involvin Me te i them, © unknown quantities by forming a pair lor, it i worked example > Inaright-angled triangle, the two sm, . aller a — . ofthe other. Find the smallest angle. ingles are such that one ia twice the size A 0 Petwediees a neighanged Utiangle. The size ofthe two amaller angles is a 07 a is write this dors let one be x°and the ether be There is no need to is eulficient to show the lelters clearly in the diagram. 0 This information is given in the question, fa) 21 We know that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°, [I] becomes y ~ 2x 13) bI-[s) gives 3x = 90 80 Check: using the information in the question, The smallest angle is 3 if'tho smallest angle is 30, this gives the other angles as 60° and 90° and they all add up to 180°, 1 The perimeter of a rectangle is 30cm. The shorter side is xem long and is 3cm less than the longer side, which is y cm long. Use this information to form two equations in x and y, Find the length of the shorter side. 2 Inapentagon, four of the angles are each x”. The fifth angle is y* and is half the size of cach of the others. Form two equations in x and y. Find the size of the largest angles, 3. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 280 mm. The base of the triangle is 70mm longer than the other two sides. Find the length of one of the equal sides. 203 © scanned with OKEN Scanner* a 204 wn roll Worked example oe > Aahop makes. prof FO ach wh fold and a profit of PNET Doni an the shop sells: One Saturday the #! ; _ a profit of £12.40 6n aes , How many brown rolls were ® 1s wore solds fx brown rolls andy white rol 1 brown roll gives a rofitgrs. G i fit of Bx, Pat . 1 rolls gives a prot P. Lil F then Gx + 8y = 1240 4 rll tve8 arf yp TMS and x+y = 180 el rolls sold is £12.41 1240p 12] x 6 gives Gx + Gy = 1080 il een Gx + By = 1240 oO 180 rolls . Gx + Gy = 1080 ae ; 160, $09 = [1] ~ {3} gives 50 = 180 ted Substituting 80 for y in [2] gives * 2 100 100 brown rolls are sold. Check: profit on 100 brown rolls is £6, profit o so total profit is £12.40. n 80 white rolls is £6.40, When three times a number, x, is added to a second number, y, the total is 33. The first number added to three times the second number is 19. a Form two equations connecting x and y, b Find the two numbers. Find two numbers such that twice the first added to the second is 26 and the first added to three times the second is 28. Find two numbers such that twice the first added to the second gives 27 and twice the second added to the first gives 21. A cutlery manufacturer packs 200 teaspoons into boxes holding cither four spoons or six spoons, There are 48 full boxes, a If there are a four-spoon boxes and b six-spoon boxes, use the information to find two equations relating a and b 1b How many boxes hold four spoons? ‘The manager of a bookshop ordered 70 co 8 of these were charged at £1.90 charged at a discounted price of. The bill for all 70 copies was ¢1 How many magazines we, pies of Teen magazine; each and the remainder, ¢, were £1.70p each. 24, Te charged at the discounted price? © scanned with OKEN Scanner