Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Test Banks Microbiology: An Introduction, 12e (Tortora) Chapter § Microbial Metabolism 5.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? A) dehydrogenase B) cellulase “C)eoenzyme A D) -galactosidase B) sucrase Answer: C Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Leaming Outcome: 5.3 2) Figure 5.1 Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1? A) isocitric acid and -ketoglutarie acid B) -Ketoglutaric acid and NAD+ /ONAD+ D) NADH. E) NADH and isocitric acid Answer: C Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.8 Global Outcome: 3 3) Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source? A) photoheterotroph lightB) photoautotroph CO2 C) chemoautotroph Fe2+ D) chemoheterotroph glucose E) chemoautotroph-NH3 Answer: B Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Analysis ASMeue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: §.23 Global Outcome: 2 4) Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE? A) It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. B) The complete Krebs cycle is utilized. ©) It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. D) It generates ATP. E) It requires cytochromes. Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.15 5) Figure 5.2 What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2? A) decarboxylation B) transamination C) dehydrogenation D) oxidation E) reduction Answer: BSection: 5.10 Blooms Taxonomy: Analysis Learning Outcome: 5.24 Global Outcome: 2 6) What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration? A) It is reduced to lactic acid. B) It reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate C) Its oxidized in the electron transport chain. D) It is catabolized in glycolysis. E) Itis;eonverted into acetyl CoA. Answer: E. Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Leaming Outcome: 5.15 7) Figure 5.3 How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3? A) It would bind to a. ‘BY It would bind to b. C) It would bind to « D) It would bind to E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. Answer: B Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.6 8) Figure 5.4 How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.47 A) glycolysis B) fermentationC) photophosphorylation D) oxidative phosphorylation |B) substrate-level phosphorylation Answer: E. Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Leaming Outcome: 5.9 Global Outcome: 2 9) Fatty acids are oxidized in ‘A)ithe Krebs eyele B) the electron transport chain ©) glycolysis D) the pentose phosphate pathway. &) the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Answer: A Section: 5.5 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1; 6.3 Learning Outcome: 5.17 10) Figure 5.5 Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate? Aja B)b Be Answer: C Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: AnalysisASMcue Outcome: 7.2 Learning Outcome: 5.5 Global Outcome: 3 11) Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? A) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to 02, nt allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. ©) ATP directly transferred from a substrate to ADP. D) Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. Answer: B Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.9 12) Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is FALSE? A) It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP. B) No final electron acceptor is required. C) It occurs in glycolysis. oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP, E) It occurs to a lesser degree in the Krebs cycle than in glycolysis. Answer: D Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.9 13) Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is FALSE? A) Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll B) The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. C) Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP. ee E) It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.9 14) A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy AYBY/ycolyss only B) by aerobic respiration only, C) by fermentation or aerobic respiration. D) only in the absence of oxygen. EF) only in the presence of oxygen. Answer: A Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.16 15) The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT A) precursors for nucleic acids. B) precursors for the synthesis of glucose. ©) three ATPs, D) NADPH. E) precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMeue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.12 16) Which biochemical process is NOT used during glycolysis? A) substrate-level phosphorylationB) oxidation-reduction ©) carbohydrate catabolism D)beta oxidation E) enzymatic reactions Answer: D Section: 5.5 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.17 Global Outcome: 7 17) In noneyclic photophosphorylation, 02 is released from A) CO2 B) HO. C) C6H1206. D) sunlight. E) chlorophyll, Answer: B Seetion: 5.7 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.19 18) Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation’ A) the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid By) the p C) the complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H20 tial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors D) the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation EF) the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation, Answer: B Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 5.16 19) Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration? A) cytochromes B) flavoproteins C)a source of electrons D) oxygen E) quinones Answer: D Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.15 20) Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, ~ ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? A) citric acid B) -ketoglutarie acid C) NAD+ Dd) NADH E) ADP. Answer: D Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.6 21) In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 can come from A) CO2 B) H20, ©) C6H1206. (Ds £) chlorophyllAnswer: D Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.23 22) Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to A) increase. C) stay the same. ease. Answer: B Section: 5.5 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.2 Learning Outcome: 5.17 23) Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? A) chemoautotroph B) chemoheterotroph C) photoautotroph D) photoheterotroph Answer: A Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.23 24) Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? A) chemoautotroph B) chemoheterotroph C) photoautotrophD) photoheterotroph Answer: B Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Leaming Outcome: 5.23 25) Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon? A) chemoautotroph B) chemoheterotroph ) photoautotroph D) photoheterotroph Answer: D Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.23 26) Cyanobacteria are a type of A) chemoautotroph. B) chemoheterotroph, C) photoautotroph. D) photoheterotroph. Answer: C Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.23 27) Which of the following statements are TRUE? 1 Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2-ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways.3-ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4-Anacrobic organisms are capable of generating ATP via respiration. S-ATP can be generated by the flow of protons across protein channels. A)2,4,5 B)1,3,4 D)1,2,3 E) All of the statements are true. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.2 28) Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and hydrogen gas would most likely be categorized as A) aerobic respirers, B) anaerobic respirers. Cy heterolactic fermenters. D) homolactic fermenters. B) alcohol fermenters. Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.16 Global Outcome: 2 29) Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE? A) Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. B) ATP is formed in catabolic reactions. C) ADP is formed in anabolic reactions. D)-Anabolic reactions are degradative.Answer: D Section: 5.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.1 30) Which of the following is TRUE about this reaction? NO3+ 2H+ NO2 + H20 Nitrate ion Nitrite ion’ A) This process requires 02. “B) This process occurs anaerobically. ©) This process requires the entire electron transport system D) This process requires light. E) This process requires O2 and the electron transport system. Answer: B Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMeue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.15 Global Outcome: 2 31) Which of the following statements regarding the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is TRUE? A) It involves glycolysis. B) It involves the pentose phosphate pathway. C) NADH is generated. /D) ATP is generated. F) NADH and ATP are generated. Answer: D. Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.1232) Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation? A) The maltose is toxic. B) 02 is in the medium. C) Not enough protein is provided. D) The temperature is too low. E) The temperature is too high. Answer: B Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.2 Learning Outcome: 5.15 33) Figure 5.6 The rates of 02 and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without 02. Then 02 was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that A) these bacteria dont use 02. B) these bacteria get more energy anaerobically. C) aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. D) these bacteria cannot grow anaerobically. Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 3.2 Learning Outcome: 5.15 Global Outcome: 3 34) An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT A) allosteric inhibition, B) competitive inhibition.C) feedback inhibition. D) noncompetitive inhibition. Answer: B Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Leaming Outcome: 5.5 35) If.a cell is starved for ATP, which of the following pathways would most likely be shut down? A) Krebs cycle B) glycolysis C) pentose phosphate pathway D) Krebs cycle and glycolysis Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Leaming Outcome: 5.12 36) Which of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? A) Two pyruvate molecules are generated B) Four ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation, C) Two NADH molecules are generated. D) One molecule of ATP is expended E) Two molecules of water are generated. Answer: D Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.11 37) Figure 5.7 The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature, Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature? AjaAnswer: B Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 7.24 Learning Outcome: 5.5 Global Outcome: 3 38) A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase, The bacteria are most likely A) fermenting the gluc B) oxidizing the glucose. C) using the peptides. D) not growing. Answer: C Section: 5.5 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.2 Learning Outcome: 5.17 39) Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ Fe3+. This reaction is an example of A) oxidation. B) reduction. C) fermentation. D) photophosphorylation. E) the Calvin-Benson cycle. Answer: A Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: ComprehensionASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.8 Figure 5.8 40) In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced? Aja B)b Ce Dd Be Answer: E Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.14 41) Refer to Figure 5.8, In aerobic respiration, where is water formed? Aja B)b Ce Dd Bye Answer: D Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.14 42) In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled 1 is A) NAD+. B) ATP synthase. C) a plasma membrane. D) a cell wall. E) cytoplasm.Answer: C Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.14 43) In Figure 5.8, the path labeled 2 is the flow of A) electrons. B) protons. ©) energy. D) water. E) glucose. Answer: B Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.14 44) What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8? Aja B)b Oe Ee Answer: A Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.14 Global Outcome: 7 because 45) A urease test is used to identify Mycobacterium tubercul A) urease is a sign of tuberculosis. B) M. tuberculosis produces urease. C) urea accumulates during tuberculosis.D) some bacteria reduce nitrate ion, E) M. bovis can cause tuberculosis. Answer: B Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge ASMcue Outcome: 8.3 Learning Outcome: 5.18 46) Researchers are developing a ribozyme that cleaves the HIV genome. This pharmaceutical agent could be described as A) an RNA molecule capable of catalysis. B) a hydrolase. C)a genetic transposable element. D)a protease inhibitor. E) a competitive inhibitor for reverse transcriptase. Answer: A Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 3.4 Learning Outcome: 5.7 Global Outcome: 7 47) Which statements correspond to amphibolic pathways? 1. anabolic and catabolic reactions are joined through common intermediate 2. shared metabolic pathways 3. Feedback inhibition can help regulate rates of reactions 4, both types of reactions are necessary but do not occur simultaneously A) Lonly B) 1, 2,3 ©)1,2,3,4 D)24E)2,3,4 Answer: B Section: 5.11 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.25 5.2 True/False Questions 1) Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic. Answer: TRUE Section: 5.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.1 2) The pentose phosphate pathway can be characterized as an anabolic pathway. Answer: FALSE Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.12 3) In general, ATP is generated in catabolic pathways and expended in anabolic pathways. Answer: TRUI Section: 5.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.2 4) An apoenzyme that loses its coenzyme subunit will be non-functional. Answer: TRUE Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.3 5) The use of enzymes is necessary to increase the activation energy requirements of a chemical reaction. Answer: FALSE Section: 5.2Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.4 6) Glycolysis is utilized by cells in both respiration and fermentation Answer: TRUE Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.15 7) Carbon fixation occurs during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis, Answer: TRUE, Section: 5.7 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.20 8) Both respiration and photosynthesis require the use of an electron transport chain. Answer: TRUE Section: 5.4; 5.7 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.21 9) Both respiration and photosynthesis use water molecules for the donation of hydrogen ions. Answer: FALSE Section: 5.4; 5.7 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension Learning Outcome: 5.21 10) Once an enzyme has converted substrates into products, the active site reverts back to its original form. Answer: TRUE, Section: 5.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge Learning Outcome: 5.4 5.3 Essay Questions 1) Compare and contrast photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.Section: 5.4; 5.7 Blooms Taxonomy: Analysis ASMcue Outcome: 73a Learning Outcome: 5.21 Global Outcome: 8 2) Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electron donor. It is also capable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism. Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium. Section: 5.9 Blooms Taxonomy: Application ASMcue Outcome: 3.1 Learning Outcome: 5.23 Global Outcome: 2 3) Differentiate the following two laboratory tests: starch hydrolysis and starch fermentation, Section: 5.6 Blooms Taxonomy: Application ASMcue Outcome: 7.34; 8.3 Learning Outcome: 5.18 Global Outcome: 8 4) Streptococcus lacks an electron transport chain. How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH? Where is the NADH formed? Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 7.3 Learning Outcome: 5.16 Global Outcome: 8 5) You look in the refrigerator and find some orange drink you had forgotten was there. The drink now has an off taste and bubbles. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink? Section: 5.4 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 7.3aLearning Outcome: 5.16 Global Outcome: 8 6) Explain the overall purpose of metabolic pathways. Section: 5.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 7.3 Learning Outcome: 5.10 Global Outcome: 8 7) Summarize energy production in cells in a single sentence. Section: 5.8 Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension ASMcue Outcome: 7.3 Learning Outcome: 5.22 Global Outcome: 8