THE NORTHEAST CONFERENCE ON ANDEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND
ETHNOHISTORY: THE FIRST EIGHTEEN YEARS
Introduction
As I recall, it was late in the spring of 1982.
My doctoral field-work was behind me and I had
begun the arduous task of organizing on paper the
data that my family and I had collected during our
stay in Peru’s Nepeña Valley. My wife, Cheryl,
was very much a partner in this task and we were
developing a shared passion for Peruvian archaeol-
ogy. Like most people in our situation, we were
strapped financially and we knew that attending the
meetings held annually in California at Berkeley
and in the Midwest were beyond our means. Yet it
cost us nothing to dream and we often talked about
how great it would be if only there was a similar
meeting in the Northeast. Though we did nothing to
put this dream into action, someone else did...
Donald A. (Don) Proulx headed my doc-
toral committee and one day in the Spring of
1982 he gave me a copy of an open invitation he
had received from Daniel H. Sandweiss (hereaf-
ter Dan) to attend the First Annual Northeast
Conference on Andean Archaeology and
Ethnohistory at Cornell University the coming
Fall (Figure 1). I remember being stunned by
the fact that this was just what Cheryl and I had
been talking about. So struck was I by this
coincidence that it became indelibly impressed
on my mind.
It is now the Fall of 1999 and I am beginning
to write the history of this conference. This was
something that I thought Dan would do, though
I had imagined him tackling the subject follow-
ing the Twentieth or the Twenty-fifth Annual
Meeting. Circumstances, however, dictated
otherwise. The Seventeenth Meeting was held
at the University of New York, Binghamton
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000): 307-343.
Richard E. Daggett
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
(SUNY) in October, 1998. Technical difficul-
ties caused an extended delay in the program
and an animated public discussion quickly
centered on where the first meeting had been
held and whether the name of the conference
should be amended. There was a lack of consen-
sus on both issues. It was during a scheduled
break that Dan asked me to write the history of
the conference. I will leave it up to Dan to
explain why he chose to honor me with this
request.
Part historian, part pack rat, I have main-
tained files of mailings, hand-outs and the like
which I have received over the years for each of
the eighteen meetings. Dan generously shared
his more complete files for the first meeting and
for the two meetings that I was not able to
attend. Much of this material is reproduced at
the back of this paper. Figures 1-5 offer copies
of documents relevant to the first meeting at
Cornell in 1982. Appendix 1 gives a chronolog-
ical list of the papers in the programs for the
eighteen conferences held to date. The papers
are grouped by conference. Individual papers
are listed in the order that they occurred on the
programs and they are numbered sequentially so
that they may be so referenced in the text.
Where known, papers not actually presented or
presented by someone other than the scheduled
speaker are noted.
I must express my deepest appreciation to all
who answered my call for information. These
include individuals involved in the origin of the
conference, people who served as meeting hosts,
and selected scholars who represent an unscien-
tific cross-section of conference attendees.
Most especially I would like to thank Dan who
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
has been forthright in answering (often in
amazing detail) the many questions I posed
regarding his roles as founder, host, and editor.
The Origin of the Conference
It was a great idea with an equally great
future. There were, at that time, two annual
meetings devoted exclusively to Andean archae-
ology and ethnohistory. The first, held each
January at the University of California at Berke-
ley is sponsored by the Institute for Andean
Studies and organized by John Howland Rowe
and Patricia J. Lyon. The First Berkeley Confer-
ence was in 1961. The second annual Andean
meeting is the Midwest Conference on Andean
and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory,
first held at Urbana, Illinois in 1973. This now
occurs in February at various sites in the Upper
Midwest (Browman this volume, pages 345-
362). In 1982, however, a Northeast Confer-
ence must have seemed a pipe dream to a group
of graduate students returning from the Mid-
western meeting at Ann Arbor, Michigan. In
the SUNY Binghamton Department of Anthro-
pology van were Binghamton graduate students
Anita Cook, Lynda Spickard, Christine
Brewster-Wray, Michael Brewster-Wray and
Dan, an anthropology graduate student at
Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. It was
Dan’s first such regional conference and he was
the only one in the group who did not present
a paper (Browman 2000:353). On the return
trip the upstate New York students were both
energized and exhausted and discussion often
returned to the lament that they had to travel
so far to attend these meetings. The idea of
holding a local conference emerged and Dan
was the one who ran with it.
Dan presented the idea of a conference at
Cornell to Thomas F. Lynch (Tom), then a
Professor in the Department of Anthropology.
Tom liked the suggestion and agreed to promote
it but left the details up to Dan. Dan then
spoke with Craig Morris of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History. At the time, Craig
had a contract with Cornell that called for him
- 308
to teach a course there one semester out of
every four and, as luck would have it, this was
the semester and Dan was in his class. Craig,
too, liked the idea and he offered to ask the
Museum to pay for the initial mailing. What
Dan calls the “great, great . . . great-grand list of
the current mailing list” he created from the
Guide to Departments of Anthropology published
by the American Anthropological Association.
He put on the list anyone who expressed an
interest of any kind in the Andes or South
America, as well as the chairs of the anthropol-
ogy departments in the Northeastern United
States and eastern Canada which had no spe-
cific Andeanists listed among their faculty.
The first call for papers was announced in a
letter from the Cornell University Anthropology
Department, signed by Dan and dated May 5,
1982 (Figure 1). It read, in part:
“I am sending you this letter as an advanced
notice of and invitation to the 1st Annual North-
east Conference on Andean Archaeology and
Ethnohistory,1 to be held at Cornell University on
Saturday, November 13, 1982. The idea for this
conference derives in large part from the successful
series of regional meetings held in the Midwest,
and a similar format will be followed. Papers are
invited from students, faculty, and other research-
ers concerned with Andean archaeology and
ethnohistory. . . If there is sufficient interest, the
conference could run over to part of November
14th. . . There will be no registration fee, and every-
one is invited. The conference is meant as an
opportunity for Andeanists from the Northeast
region to get together and discuss their current
research in a fairly informal setting.”
No mention is made in this initial mailing of
the Cornell Latin American Studies Program
(LASP). Dan subsequently circulated an inter-
nal memo (Figure 2) to Cornell faculty and
1
According to Dan, his decision to emphasize the archae-
ology and ethnohistory of the Andes in the title of the
conference reflected both his interests at the time and the
particular strengths of the Department of Anthropology at
Cornell.
309 -
students dated August 16, 1982, in which he
states that the LASP “is sponsoring the event,
which means that they are picking up the tab
and also that there is a possibility of publishing
the conference in their Occasional Papers se-
ries.” Then, in his second call for papers dated
September 1, 1982 (Figure 3), Dan repeated his
general invitation. In addition, he specifically
states that the meeting will be a two-day affair
and that it will be sponsored by the LASP.
Clearly something transpired between the two
general mailings.
The involvement of the LASP was some-
thing of an accident. Dan had attended a party
hosted by fellow graduate student David Hess
whose interests centered on Brazil.2 In atten-
dance was the Latin American historian Dr.
Thomas Holloway who was one of David’s
committee members and who, as luck would
again have it, was the current director of LASP.
The opportunity arose and Dan spoke with Tom
Holloway about the upcoming Andeanist con-
ference. Tom Holloway was sufficiently inter-
ested in the idea to invite Dan to come see him
at his office. Tom Lynch recalls talking with
Tom Holloway and asking him to pick up the
minor costs of the conference. When Dan went
to Tom Holloway’s office, the latter offered to
have the LASP pay the costs of running the
meeting, including subsequent mailings, as well
as providing coffee and donuts. Tom Holloway
also asked what plans Dan had for the publica-
tion of the proceedings (something Dan hadn’t
even considered) and he offered the possibility
of using the LASP Occasional Papers Series to
do it. Looking back, Dan cannot recall actually
having a plan for obtaining the money needed
to run the meeting, just faith that something
would work out.
Successful ventures require inspiration,
luck, and a lot of hard work. It was now time to
concentrate on the thousand-and-one details
2
Hess is now a faculty member at Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute.
Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
that conference attendees never notice, let
alone fully appreciate, unless something is
forgotten or goes awry. Tom Lynch was the
only faculty member of the Department of
Anthropology involved in the planning stage.
His was essentially an advisory role, though he
was called upon to convince the Dean’s Office
that the conference was “for real”. The rest of
the arrangements fell to Dan. The final pre-
conference mailing, dated October 20, 1982
(Figure 4), included a copy of the advance
program and information on travel and lodging.
Presenters also received a special information
sheet (Figure 5) suggesting that talks be limited
to twenty to twenty-five minutes and giving
instructions for voluntary submission of papers
for possible publication in the LASP Occasional
Papers Series.
The First Conference
The First Annual Northeast Conference on
Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory (hereaf-
ter the NCAAE) was held at Cornell University
on the weekend of November 12 through 14,
1982. On Friday evening, ethnographic films on
the Andes were shown in 165 McGraw Hall, site
of the Department of Anthropology. Papers
were presented on Saturday and Sunday in the
Hollis E. Cornell Auditorium, Goldwin Smith
Hall, in the College of Arts and Sciences. A
registration desk was outside the auditorium
staffed by student volunteers. Copies of the
program were available, as well as copies of a list
of mailing addresses for the speakers. Individual
name tags denoting institutional affiliation were
provided. These, along with the coffee and
donuts, were designed to facilitate interaction
among attendees who, for the most part, were
unknown to one another. Welcoming remarks
were made by Tom Lynch and by Dan. At some
point during the Saturday proceedings, Dr.
Holloway was introduced and he provided
information about LASP. He also indicated
that copies of LASP publications were available
free of charge at the registration desk.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
Dan served as moderator and he asked
speakers to heed the time limit. He warned that
he would flash a red light at the twenty minute
mark and would then turn it on permanently at
the twenty-five minute mark until the speaker
stopped. He had designated Anita Cook as the
first speaker because she lived rather close by
and, as such, he thought she would have no
trouble arriving on time. This came to fall under
the heading of “The Best Laid Plans of Mice and
Men...”
Anita arrived about an hour late, having
been delayed by house guests. She was upset and
began reading her paper without foreknowledge
of Dan’s plan of deterrence. According to Dan,
he flashed the red light, but it had no visible
effect on Anita’s presentation. When he turned
the light on permanently, it filled the room with
a bright red glow and Anita was clearly
discombobulated, though it did not stop her.
Finally, William H. (Bill) Isbell, then her adviser,
jumped up and demanded that Dan turn the
light off. Dan agreed if Anita would stop. She
quickly wrapped up her talk. It was not the most
auspicious beginning. Fortunately, the rest of the
meeting proceeded without incident.
Dan had organized the program to begin
with four papers (1-4) reporting on excavations
at the site of Huari in the South Central High-
lands of Peru. These were presented by Anita
Cook, Christine Brewster-Wray, Lynda
Spickard,3 and Bill Isbell, respectively. This
commencement was all the more appropriate, I
think, because Anita, Christine, and Lynda had
helped give birth to the idea of the conference.
These papers were followed by three in which
Don Proulx (7), Cheryl Daggett (5), and I (6)
reported on the results of field-work we had
done in the Nepeña Valley on the North Central
Coast of Peru. Clearly, whenever possible, Dan
3
This was the only paper she presented at the conference.
Lynda died on August 10, 1999 (Brown 200 [this
volume]1-4).
- 310
employed a thematic approach to organize the
speakers. This was to set the tone for future
meetings. The next two papers were on the
ethnohistory of Peru (8-9). Presentations on
the archaeology of Peru dominated the rest of
the meeting. Subjects were wide-ranging, and
are not easily summarized. From this disparate
assemblage, however, a number of papers may
be highlighted. For example, we heard the first
of many field reports from Richard Burger (23),
Joan Gero (12), John Hyslop (16), Michael
Malpass (11), and John and Theresa Topic
(15). Furthermore, the paper co-presented by
Anthony Aveni and Gary Urton (13) dealt
with a subject that would be revisited in future
meetings - the Nazca Lines.
A total of twenty-three papers was pre-
sented,4 all on Peru, with speakers represent-
ing 13 institutions in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania,
Ontario, New York, Massachusetts, and Con-
necticut. Mike Malpass (11) was the lone
speaker from outside the Northeast and, begin-
ning the following year, he, too, listed an
institutional affiliation (36) more in keeping
with this geographical core. There were nu-
merous opportunities to ask questions and
make comments about specific papers – during
the time allotted immediately after each pre-
sentation, during scheduled breaks, and at the
party held Saturday night at the house of Tom
Lynch and his then-wife, Barbara Deutsch
Lynch.
On Sunday, in conjunction with the morn-
ing break, an informal business meeting was
held by all in attendance to determine a loca-
tion for the next meeting. Don Proulx and
Craig Morris each offered to organize the
Second Annual Conference. After some
discussion, it was voted to hold the next meet-
ing in New York City. Finally, in a spontane-
4
Of this total, 14 (1-6, 8-11, 14, 19-20, 22) were subse-
quently published as collected papers of the conference
(Sandweiss 1983) in the Cornell University LASP
Occasional Papers Series. See also Notes 6 and 8.
311 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
ous show of appreciation, it was suggested that
Dan be applauded for his efforts in staging the
ongoing meeting. This public expression of
thanks for the efforts of the current organizer(s)
immediately became accepted practice. So, too,
did other aspects of this first meeting.
Dan created the conference as an annual
weekend event to occur in the fall and he estab-
lished certain unwritten conventions to which
organizers have since largely adhered. Following
his lead, the meeting has come to be character-
ized by: (a) a Friday evening event or get-to-
gether; (b) free registration at desks staffed by
volunteers who provide name tags and various
handouts including programs; (c) free refresh-
ments during day sessions; (d) scheduled and
moderated single-session presentations with time
allotted for discussion; (e) a Saturday evening
event or get-together; and (f) a Sunday morning
business meeting held specifically for the purpose
of choosing the site of the next meeting.
From an historical standpoint, those of us
who attended the First NCAAE represent its
charter members. We are also a base group of
individuals and institutions upon which to mea-
sure the growth of the conference, to ascertain its
health, and to identify its relative degree of
geographic influence over time. In the absence
of actual registration lists for all the meetings,
information provided in the programs must
suffice for comparative analysis.
Preliminary study of the programs and
related information made it clear to me that the
conference has experienced three distinct phases
of growth characterized by ever-increasing rapid-
ity of change. I will now discuss these phases in
turn. I will follow this with a general analysis of
the papers presented at the meetings and con-
clude with some general observations.
Phase I: 1983-1991
1983
The Second Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was held at the American Museum of
Natural History over the weekend of Novem-
ber 18-20, 1983. This weekend coincided with
the latter part of the annual meeting of the
American Anthropological Association and, as
a result, attendance was somewhat affected.
On Friday evening, Alberto Rex González
presented the Museum’s second Junius Bird
Memorial Lecture5 and it was followed by a
showing of Bird’s film, “The South Chilean
Archaeological Expedition.” This was held in
the Kaufmann Theater on the first floor of the
Museum. The Museum restaurant, one floor
below, was open for a by-reservation-only
dinner following the showing of the film.
Twenty-one papers6 were then presented
on Saturday and Sunday in the Linder Theater,
located on the first floor of the museum. Craig
Morris, the meeting organizer, served as moder-
ator. In this, he was assisted by D. Peter
Kvietok who had also seen to the myriad pre-
conference details. There were thirteen new
presenters, including the first to represent New
Jersey (35). Another first was a (co-) presen-
tation (37) which dealt with a country other
than Peru; in this case Venezuela. Included
among the new presenters were a number of
5
During October 8-10, 1982, a conference, entitled
“Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes”, was held
at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington D.C. A year before,
it had been decided to dedicate the conference to Junius
Bird, and, one month after the conference was held,
Gordon R. Willey gave the inaugural paper in the Junius
Bouton Bird Lecture Series at the American Museum of
Natural History (Donnan 1985:4). Junius Bird died at
his home in New York City on April 2, 1982 (Morris
1985: 120).
6
Of this total, nine (24, 29, 34, 36-41) were subse-
quently published as collected papers of the conference
(Kvietok and Sandweiss 1985) in the Cornell LASP
Occasional Papers series.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
individuals who would become familiar partici-
pants in NCAAE meetings: Elizabeth P. (Betty)
Benson (24), Patricia Netherly (33), Dwight
Wallace (39), John Murra (42), and Leon Doyon
(43).
William (Bill) and Barbara Conklin hosted a
party at their home on Saturday evening. This
occasion provided the opportunity to surprise
Dolly Menzel and present her with a copy of the
latest edition of Ñawpa Pacha which had been
dedicated to her and to John Rowe and assem-
bled in secret.7 On Sunday morning it was voted
to hold the next meeting at the University of
Massachusetts at Amherst. The meeting offi-
cially ended with the showing of the Junius Bird
film, “Huaca Prieta Excavations”.
1984
The Third Annual Meeting of the NCAAE
was hosted by the University of Massachusetts
the weekend of October 26 to 28, 1984. On
Friday evening, a special showing of the new film,
“Mountain Music of Peru”, was presented by its
maker, John Cohen, who provided introductory
comments and later answered questions. Also
shown was Cohen’s film, “Qeros: The Shape of
Survival”. This was held in Thompson Hall,
Room 106, the site also chosen for the confer-
ence. Following the lead of the First NCAAE, a
typed list of the names and addresses of those
giving papers was made available at the registra-
tion desk.
The meeting organizer, Don Proulx,
chaired the sessions on Saturday and Sunday.
Presentations were made by seventeen individu-
als,8 seven of whom had not previously spoken at
7
The 20th volume of Ñawpa Pacha was dedicated to
Dorothy Menzel and John H. Rowe (Lyon 1982:1).
Included in this volume were three articles initially pre-
sented as papers (7, 17, 23) at the first NCAAE.
8
Of the total of seventeen papers presented at this meet-
ing, nine (45, 48-52, 57, 58 and 61) were subsequently
published as collected papers of the conference (Sandweiss
and Kvietok 1986) in the Cornell University LASP
- 312
the conference. With the exception of our first
presenter from California (55), the new speak-
ers were drawn from what had already become
the core NCAAE geographic area. Of note,
Izumi Shimada (46), Tom Lynch (56), and
Monica Barnes (58) gave their initial presenta-
tions to the conference. Though Peru again
dominated the talks, we heard papers dealing
with Chile (56) and Colombia (60).
On Saturday evening, conference partici-
pants attended a special “sneak preview” of the
exhibit, “Art of the Andes: Pre-Columbian
Sculptured and Painted Ceramics from the
Arthur M. Sackler Collections”. The show was
on the fourth floor of the University’s Tower
Library. Don and Mary Jean Proulx hosted a
wine and cheese reception at this, its unofficial
opening. On Sunday morning, it was decided
to hold the next meeting at The State Univer-
sity of New York at Albany.
1985
The Fourth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by SUNY Albany over the
weekend of November 1 to 3, 1985. Partici-
pants gathered at Lecture Center 1 to hear
twenty papers.9 Dwight Wallace organized the
meeting and served as its chair. New faces and
old made presentations and our horizons were
expanded to include Ecuador (74), Bolivia (75
and 91), and Chile (78).
Occasional Papers Series.
9
Of this total, three (64, 68, and 69) were subsequently
published in a new journal sponsored by the Cornell
University LASP. With Dan Sandweiss as editor and
Richard Burger, Tom Lynch, and Craig Morris compris-
ing the editorial advisory board, this new, open, and
peer- review journal, Andean Past, retained a strong
connection with the NCAAE (Sandweiss 1987:iii-iv).
D. Peter Kvietok was Associate Editor for Volume 2
(1988). Later Monica Barnes became Associate Editor
(1992) and then Editor (1994) of Andean Past jointly
with Dan and David Fleming became Graphics Editor
(1998).
313 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
There were nine new speakers, including
Kate Cleland (77) from UCLA and Bill Hurley
(75) from the University of Toronto. Lee Hollo-
well (66) made his first presentation to the group
as well. On Saturday evening, Dwight and Carol
Wallace hosted the group at their home. During
the business meeting on Sunday morning it was
voted to return the meeting to its roots at Cor-
nell University in Ithaca, New York the following
year.
1986
Before volunteering to organize the Fifth
Annual Meeting of the NCAAE at Cornell, Dan
had first consulted with Monica Barnes (hereaf-
ter Monica) who agreed to run the meeting if he
should be out of the country. He foresaw this as
a possibility and, in fact, Monica did end up
“inheriting” much of the job when Dan received
financial support for his work in Peru. Prior to
heading into the field, Dan made initial prepara-
tions and he set up the guidelines for the meet-
ing, but Monica was left to attend to the many
small details.
The Fifth Annual NCAAE was hosted by
Cornell University over the weekend of Novem-
ber 7-9, 1986. It was co-organized by Monica
and Dan and co-sponsored by Cornell’s LASP,
International Studies Program and Department
of Anthropology. An informal buffet reception
was held on Friday evening at the apartment
Monica shared with David Fleming. As it had
been with the inaugural meeting, the conference
was held in Hollis E. Cornell Auditorium, Gold-
win Smith Hall. In addition to copies of the
program, copies of a typed list of the names and
addresses of the speakers and organizers were
made available at the registration desk.
A total of sixteen papers were presented,
divided into sessions dealing with archaeology,
archaeological technology, and ethnohistory.
Monica chaired the first two sessions, while John
Murra chaired the last one. Two of the papers
dealt with a country other than Peru, one each
on Chile (82) and Bolivia (92). There were
seven new speakers, including Helaine Silver-
man (88) and Clark Erickson (92) from the
University of Illinois at Urbana and Thomas
Abercrombie (96) from the University of Chi-
cago. They were to be just the first of many
speakers to represent these institutions at the
NCAAE. Martha Anders (85) and Ann
Peters (87), both from Cornell, also made their
first presentations to the conference. An
informal display of the Frank Collection of
Ancient Peruvian Art was open to conference
attendees in Room 150, McGraw Hall early
Saturday evening. Later there was a party at
the Knights of Columbus hall in downtown
Ithaca. This was hosted by Cornell University
and organized by Monica and David. On
Sunday morning, it was voted to hold the next
meeting at Trent University in Peterborough,
Ontario.
Thinking back to that Sunday morning, I
recall that concern was expressed about
whether Peterborough was too remote a loca-
tion for the next meeting. I also recall an
absence of coffee and donuts. In a communica-
tion to me, Monica provided the following
explanation:
“We had already established the ‘free coffee
and donuts’ custom. An adequate supply had been
ordered from Cornell Catering, and they were put
out on Saturday without incident. Naturally,
when people returned on Sunday morning, they
expected a continental breakfast, as usual. I could
not find the pastry, so I assumed that Cornell
Catering had messed up. There were complaints
which I fielded as best I could. As the meeting was
breaking up, a scholar then in residence at Cornell
invited those remaining to come to his house for
coffee--and donuts! He claimed that he just found
them in boxes outside one of the building’s doors as
he was arriving that morning, and they had been,
according to him, clearly abandoned, so he safe-
guarded them by storing them in his car! I think I
was actually lunging at him when David physically
overpowered me, and pushed me into the car we
had rented. . . For weeks afterwards when I heard
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
how generous that scholar had been to obtain donuts
for the whole crowd I became livid!”
1987
The Sixth Annual NCAAE was held without
a similar incident at Trent University the week-
end of October 16 to 18, 1987. It was co-orga-
nized and run by John and Theresa Topic and it
remains the only international setting for the
conference. The sixteen papers were presented
in the Champlain College Lecture Hall. They
included talks on Ecuador (109 and 110), Chile
(111), and Bolivia (113). Dan returned to give
a talk (98) and he was accompanied by his new
wife MariCarmen Rodríguez Sandweiss. There
were nine new presenters, including David
Fleming (110). Other first-time speakers re-
flected the broad geographical draw of the meet-
ing. Charles (Chuck) Hastings (107) and War-
ren Church (108) came from Michigan and
Colorado, respectively, while Europe was repre-
sented by Michael Czwarno (103) and Sergio
Purin (101). The latter just happened to be in
the area and had decided to participate in the
conference. He was so impressed with the pro-
ceedings that he spoke animatedly with Don
Proulx and me about hosting a future meeting in
Belgium. Wouldn’t that have been great! Un-
fortunately, nothing came of it.
On Saturday night, the Topics hosted a
party at their home and made available for
viewing a video on the archaeology of Bolivia. I
still remember what a huge house they had and
wondering how they could possibly afford to heat
it in the dead of winter! I also remember that, in
spite of the skepticism expressed during discus-
sion the year before, the meeting proved to be a
complete success. On Sunday morning it was
voted to hold the next meeting in Amherst,
Massachusetts.
1988
The Seventh Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the University of Massa-
chusetts the weekend of November 4-6, 1988.
- 314
Don Proulx once again served as organizer and
moderator and, as at the third meeting, the
papers were presented in Thompson Hall 106.
There were twenty-three presentations, includ-
ing one each on Bolivia (127) and Ecuador
(128). There were eight new speakers. Among
them were Tamara Bray (128) from SUNY
Binghamton, Patrick Carmichael (114) from
Calgary, and Tom and Shelia Pozorski (118)
from Texas. Cheryl and I had begun a friend-
ship with Tom and Shelia in 1980 when we
had worked in the neighboring Nepeña and
Casma Valleys, respectively. Over the years, I
had kept them posted on the doings of the
NCAAE and they decided to come from Texas
to see for themselves. Finally, it should be
noted that Joan Gero (121), Martha Anders
(119),10 and Mike Malpass (125) were now
coming from the University of South Carolina,
the University of Calgary, and the College of
William and Mary, respectively.
On Saturday night Don and Mary Jean
Proulx hosted a party at their home. It was
raining hard that evening and I recall linking
up with the car driven by Bill Isbell. He was
lost, so I confidently told him to follow me. I
had visited Don’s home on countless occasions
and had never had a problem. That evening,
however, I did something I had never done
before nor have I done since – I took a wrong
turn. On Sunday morning, it was voted to hold
the next meeting in New Haven, Connecticut.
1989
The Eighth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by Yale University the
weekend of October 13 to 15, 1989. The
meeting was sponsored by Yale’s Council on
Archaeological Studies, Department of An-
thropology, and Council on Latin American
Studies. Richard Burger organized the meeting
10
This was the last meeting at which Martha Anders
presented a paper. She died on August 8, 1990 (Sand-
weiss 1992:1).
315 -
and served as its moderator. The eighteen papers
were delivered in Davies Auditorium. Presenta-
tions on Peru continued to dominate the pro-
gram, but one each dealt with Argentina (152),
Bolivia, (147), Ecuador (146), and Venezuela
(145). There were six new speakers, including
Heidy Fogel (143).11 In the absence of one
speaker (149), Izumi Shimada showed slides of
recent excavations at the site of Kuntur Wasi in
the Northern Highlands of Peru. Mike Malpass
(138) now listed Ithaca College as his institu-
tional affiliation.
On Saturday evening many of us joined
Richard and his wife Lucy at the Hamden House,
a local restaurant specializing in Northern
Chinese cuisine. We then reconvened as a group
on campus, at an auditorium in Kline Geology
Laboratory, to hear Tom Patterson give an
invited lecture (148). This was followed by a
concert by the Ecuadorian group Andesmanta.
The evening ended in grand fashion with cake
and champagne. On Sunday morning, it was
agreed that the next meeting would be held at
The State University of New York in Bing-
hamton, New York.
1990
The ninth meeting of the conference was
hosted by SUNY Binghamton over the weekend
of October 26-28, 1990. For the first time,
“Amazonian” was included in the title of the
conference. On Friday evening, early arrivals
were invited to gather informally at Johnnie’s
Tavern in the Holiday Inn, SUNY. Bill Isbell
had organized the meeting and he chaired the
Saturday morning session, while Tamara Bray
and Peter Stahl chaired the Saturday afternoon
and Sunday sessions, respectively. All sessions
were held in Lecture Hall 9 of the Lecture Hall
Building. The Lounge in Science I Building was
11
This was to be the only paper she would present to the
conference. Heidy died on November 11, 1994 (Burger
1998:1).
Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
open throughout the meeting for relaxation
and/or collegial discussion.
Twenty-three papers were presented, six
dealing with Ecuador (156, 173-177), two with
Bolivia (167-168), and the rest with Peru.
There were eight new speakers, including Peter
Stahl (156) and James Zeidler (175), the first
person to represent the University of Pitts-
burgh. Anita Cook (164) and Clark Erickson
(168) were now at Catholic University in
Washington D.C. and the University of Penn-
sylvania in Philadelphia, respectively.
Bill Isbell and his wife Judy Siggins hosted
a gathering at their home on Saturday night.
On Sunday morning it was voted to hold the
next meeting at the American Museum of
Natural History in New York City. Those
choosing to do so were invited to enjoy an
Indian buffet at a local restaurant after the last
paper had been presented.
1991
The Tenth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the American Museum
of Natural History over the weekend of No-
vember 1-3, 1991. The museum’s first floor
Linder Auditorium served as the location of
this meeting and 15 papers were presented.
Craig Morris organized the meeting and he
served as its moderator. In addition to the
usual papers on Peru, one was presented on
Chile (191) and two concerned Ecuador (184-
185). John Hyslop’s presentation (187) was
accompanied by a film, the first time one was
used at the Conference in this way.12 Among
the six new speakers was our first from Winni-
peg (181).
Those attending were invited to gather at
the Whale’s Lair in the Museum on Saturday
evening and/or to explore the Museum’s Hall
12
This was to be John’s last presentation to the confer-
ence. He died on July 23, 1993 (Murra 1994:1).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
of South American People which remained open
until 8:45 p.m. On Sunday, it was decided to
hold the next meeting at Colgate University in
Hamilton, New York. At the close of the meet-
ing, John Cohen premiered his film, “Dancing
with the Incas”.
Summary
A total of 169 papers were presented at
meetings of the NCAAE held during the nine
years from 1983 to 1991. This comes to an
average of about nineteen per meeting. First-
time presenters accounted for seventy-three of
these papers, or roughly forty-three percent of
the total. This averages to about nine new
speakers per meeting, and most came from within
the northeastern geographical core established at
the first meeting held at Cornell in 1982. De-
spite occasional, yet increasing participation, by
speakers from the Midwest, West Coast, and
western Canada, the NCAAE had not grown
beyond its geographical core. Furthermore, the
total of twenty-three papers presented at the first
meeting was never surpassed, and only twice
equaled. In both respects, change was on the
horizon.
Phase II: 1992-1994
1992
The Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Con-
ference was hosted by Colgate University over
the weekend of November 20-22, 1992. For the
second time “Amazonian” was included in the
title. An initial informal gathering took place on
Friday evening in the Colgate Inn. Beginning on
Saturday morning, a total of twenty-three papers
was presented in 209 Lathrop Hall, with speakers
coming from such far-away places as Missouri
(197), Michigan (205), and Wisconsin (208).
The University of Chicago was also well repre-
sented (199 and 201). There were eight new
speakers, among them Jack Rossen (193). In
addition to the usual preponderance of talks on
Peru, there were papers on Ecuador (197 and
208), Bolivia (201 and 209), Argentina (207),
- 316
and Chile (195). In the audience was Yuri
Berezkin, a member of the Russian Academy of
Sciences who was travelling in the United
States as a visiting scholar. The morning
sessions on Saturday and Sunday were moder-
ated by the meeting organizer, Gary Urton,
while Tony Aveni served in this capacity for
the Saturday afternoon session.
On Saturday evening attendees dined at
the Colgate Inn. This was followed by the
showing of John Cohen’s film, “Dancing with
the Incas”, which also had been presented the
previous year. John’s film had been scheduled
to be screened in the Maroon Room at the Inn.
The film was actually shown to an overflowing
audience in a downstairs room. On Sunday
morning, it was decided that the next meeting
would be held at the Carnegie Museum of
Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1993
The Twelfth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the Carnegie Museum
of Natural History the weekend of October 22-
24, 1993. For the first time, a program with
abstracts was prepared as a handout and it
listed Dan as the program chair and James B.
Richardson III as the local chair.13 On Friday
evening, films were shown in the museum’s
Lecture Hall. This was also to be the location
for the meeting. Twenty-six papers were pre-
sented, a record total for the conference. A
13
Dan had volunteered to organize the Pittsburgh
meeting because, the previous year, he had begun a two
year Rea Post-doctoral position in the Section of Anthro-
pology at this museum and he expected to be in resi-
dence there during 1993. As it happened, he applied for
and was chosen to fill a faculty position at the University
of Maine at Orono. Dan moved to Orono and organized
the meeting from a distance with the able help of Jim
Richardson and his staff. Dan’s job was to indicate what
those arrangements should be, to set up the program,
and, with Jim’s help, to chair the meeting. It fell to
Charmaine Steinberg, the departmental secretary at
Pittsburgh, to see to most of the local arrangements.
317 -
record, too, were the twelve papers which dealt
with countries other than Peru. Bolivia (236,
237, 239, and 240), Ecuador (219-222), Colum-
bia (216-218), and Chile (241) were represented.
We had our first speakers from Ohio (222 and
234). The University of Pittsburgh was well-
represented in the program (216-218),14 as was
the University of Illinois at Chicago (231-233).
There were thirteen new speakers, notably Ellen
FitzSimmons [Steinberg] (231), JoEllen Burk-
holder (237), and John Walker (240), each of
whom have since become familiar speakers at the
conference.
This was one of the two meetings that Cheryl
and I were unable to attend. In speaking with
colleagues who did, I was told that things went
very well. In view of this, I find most interesting
the comments that I received from Charmaine
Steinberg who was responsible for seeing to the
many local details in preparation for this meeting
(see Note 13). She wrote: “. . . I had NO idea
what I was getting myself into! The most difficult
thing was working with the museum’s catering and
audio-visual staff. I discovered the first morning
there was no overhead projector for Mike Malpass’s
talk. I had to call various departments in the mu-
seum on a Saturday to locate one (no easy task) and
drag it back to the auditorium – after abdominal
surgery five weeks before. Most of the conference
went by in a blur after that!”15 Clearly, meeting
14
According to Jim Richardson, the Pittsburgh meeting
could not have come at a more opportune moment for the
host institution. At the time, the University of Pittsburgh
Department of Anthropology was in the initial stages of
developing its Latin American archaeology and bilingual
publication programs, which were funded by the Heinz
Endowment. The Latin American archaeology program is
now fully endowed and is supporting six to eight Latin
American students in the doctoral program at any one
time. I should also note that Jim Richardson kindly
provided me with a copy of the registration sheets for the
Pittsburgh meeting. Included among the 66 who signed
in was a heavy contingent from the University of Pitts-
burgh: 21 students and three faculty.
15
She also wrote, “I do remember some wonderful chats
with associates of Jim’s and Dan’s that I had only known via
phone and their articles. It was an especially rewarding op-
Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
organizers have a very different perspective on
things.
On Saturday evening, a cocktail reception
was held on the third floor of the Grand Stair-
case of the Museum. A cash bar comple-
mented the cocktail food which was made
available and a number of Anthropology Halls
adjacent to the reception were open. On Sun-
day morning, it was determined that the next
meeting would be held at Ithaca College in
Ithaca, New York.
1994
The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by Ithaca College over the
weekend of October 14 to 16, 1994. The
meeting was co-sponsored by the Department
of Anthropology and Office of Conference and
Event Services. Michael (Mike) Malpass was
meeting organizer, and he served as its modera-
tor. Twenty-five papers were presented in
Textor Hall, Room 102. This total fell one shy
of tying the new record set the previous year,
but definitely suggested a trend toward greater
participation. In this same vein, it should be
noted that, for the first time, a noticeable
number of multi-authored papers were in-
cluded on the program. There were five of
them (245, 249, 250, 252, and 253).16
As at Pittsburgh, there was a greater bal-
ance between papers which dealt with Peru and
those which dealt with other South American
countries. Papers discussing Argentina (249),
Bolivia (242-244, 259, and 260), Chile (253-
255), and Ecuador (261-262) were included on
the program. The Universities of Pittsburgh
portunity to finally meet them . . . They provided great
insights on traveling/working in Peru, which I was able to
do the next summer. That was my first Northeast Confer-
ence and I continued to attend many after that. . .”
16
Excluding those authored by spouses, there had never
been more than two such papers presented at a meeting.
In fact, the average was one co-authored paper for the
first twelve years of the conference.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
(257 and 259) and Illinois at Chicago (251-252)
continued to be represented. There were seven
new speakers, notably Jim Richardson (257), Jack
Prost (251), Isabelle Druc (246), and Tom Zou-
bek (247) . Finally, it should be pointed out that
Jack Rossen (254) and Tamara Bray (263) now
listed their institutional affiliations as the Univer-
sity of Kentucky and the Smithsonian Institution,
respectively.
Early Saturday evening, a reception with cash
bar was held in the Tower Club of Ithaca Col-
lege. Later, Tom Lynch and his second wife,
Jane Flaherty, hosted a party at their house. On
Sunday morning, it was determined that the next
meeting would be held at the Rhode Island
School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island.
Summary
A total of seventy-four papers were presented
at the three meetings of the NCAAE held during
the years 1992 through 1994. This averages
nearly twenty-five a meeting, up from the previ-
ous average of nineteen, and two more than the
highest single meeting total for the previous ten
years. The programs continued the trend toward
a more balanced pan-Andean coverage. There
were twenty-eight new speakers, many coming
from beyond the geographical core established
during the first ten years of the conference. For
the first time, a meeting was held outside this
core; thus, expanding it westward. There were
also significantly more multiple-authored papers.
These facts suggest that the NCAAE was ex-
panding its influence and becoming a destination
meeting.
Phase III: 1995-1999
1995
The Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the Rhode Island School
of Design (RISD) over the weekend of October
20 to 22, 1995. The meeting was co-sponsored
by RISD and Brown University and it had been
co-organized by Elisabeth Bonnier and Edward
- 318
(Ned) Dwyer. An opening reception, spon-
sored by Monica Barnes and David Fleming,
was held at The John Carter Brown Library on
the campus of Brown University. This venue
was chosen because Monica is a former fellow
and current supporter of the Library. She
wanted to make conference participants aware
of the John Carter Brown Library’s resources.
Daniel J. Slive, who was then Reference Librar-
ian at the Library, gave a presentation entitled,
“Resources for the Study of Andean Ethno-
history and Archaeology at the John Carter
Brown Library”.17 Sessions were held on Satur-
day and Sunday in the RISD Auditorium.
Copies of a Program and Abstracts were avail-
able at the registration desk. As I recall, E-mail
addresses were first requested at this meeting.18
Copies of a typed list of participants and their
postal addresses were subsequently made avail-
able.
The morning and afternoon sessions on
Saturday were chaired by Tom Lynch and Bill
Isbell, respectively. Tom had relocated to
Texas and had made a special trip to attend
the meeting, something we all appreciated.
Ned Dwyer chaired the sessions on Sunday.
Including a special guest lecture, a total of
twenty-six papers were presented. With the
exception of five presentations, one dealing
with Chile (272) and two each dealing with
Ecuador (270 and 271) and Bolivia (289 and
290), Peru was the dominant topic. There
were ten new speakers, most of whom, unlike
Elisabeth Bonnier (274), traveled far to attend
17
Dan Slive is now a rare books librarian at the Univer-
sity of California, Los Angeles.
18
According to Mike Malpass, he began the process of
collecting e-mail addresses while organizing the Ithaca
meeting the year before. He did so because of various
difficulties he was having in corresponding with certain
individuals. He included this limited information on the
master address list he then forwarded to Ned and Elisa-
beth. They carried the process the next step by including
a request for e-mail addresses at registration in Provi-
dence.
319 -
the meeting. Richard Schaedel (280) came from
Texas while John Rowe (281), his wife, Pat Lyon
(291), and George Miller (284) flew in from
California. There were also participants from
other countries; Claude Chapdelaine (278) from
Canada, Henning Bischoff (275) from Germany,
and Juan Ossio (287) from Peru. As at the
previous meeting, a number of multiple-authored
papers (267-270) were presented.
Early Saturday evening, John Rowe gave a
special guest lecture (281). This was followed by
a reception at the Ewing Center for Arts and
Humanities at RISD. On Sunday morning, it
was agreed that the next meeting would be held
at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.19
1996
The Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the University of Penn-
sylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropol-
ogy over the weekend of October 18-20, 1996.
The meeting was co-sponsored by the Museum
and the University’s Department of Anthropol-
ogy. It was co-organized by Clark Erickson and
Katherine Moore. For the first time, a World
Wide Web site was established for the confer-
ence. This has since become the norm. On
Friday evening, a cash bar and informal reception
was held at the New Deck Tavern. The meeting
took place the next two days in the Museum’s
Rainey Auditorium. On Saturday, the early and
late morning sessions were moderated by Dan
(Sandweiss) and Terry D’Altroy, respectively.
Monica (Barnes) chaired the first afternoon
session that day, while Mario Rivera assumed this
responsibility later in the day. Betty Benson
acted as chair for the Sunday session.
A total of twenty-six papers were presented
at the meeting, about a quarter dealing with
19
It was also decided to hold the 1997 and 1998 meetings
in Orono, Maine and Hanover, New Hampshire, respec-
tively.
Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
countries other than Peru. Bolivia (293 and
306), Chile (295), Ecuador (303 and 308), and
Brazil (311) were represented. There were ten
new speakers, including one from Pittsburgh
(306), and our first from Drew University
(308), the University of Western Ontario
(312), and Ecuador (303). There were five
multiple-authored papers (293, 294, 311, 312,
and 314), one of these (293) having five sec-
ondary authors listed. A number of presenters
indicated changes in institutional affiliation.
Mike Malpass (294) was back at the College of
William and Mary on sabbatical from Ithaca
College, while Theresa Topic (301), Tom
Zoubek (297), and Jack Rossen (314) were now
at Brescia College, SUNY New Paltz, and
Ithaca College, respectively.
A business meeting was held early Saturday
evening and it was confirmed that the next
meeting would be held at the University of
Maine in Orono, Maine. A “Fall BBQ” was
then held at the home of Clark Erickson and
Kay Candler. Immediately following the meet-
ing, a first-time attendee, Lloyd Anderson,
reported on the conference on the AZTLAN
Listserve, something he has continued to do
after attending each subsequent meeting.
1997
The Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the
NCAAE was hosted by the University of
Maine, Orono over the weekend of October 3
to 5, 1997. The meeting was supported by the
University’s Cultural Affairs/Distinguished
Lecture Series and College of Liberal Arts and
Sciences, as well by anonymous donors. On
Friday afternoon, Jim Richardson gave a talk
entitled, “Collecting Pre-Columbian Peru:
Archaeological Research vs. Treasure, Loot
and Booty”, in the Bodwell Area of the Hudson
Museum in the Maine Center for the Arts. A
number of us, who arrived earlier in the day,
had a chance to hear this very interesting talk.
Later that evening, the Oronoka Restaurant
and Hotel was the designated gathering place
for early arrivals to the meeting.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
The meeting was held in the Donald P.
Corbett Building, Room 100. A program with
abstracts was provided at the registration desk.
Dan was the meeting organizer and program
chair. A total of thirty papers were presented,
the most to date. Of these, one each dealt with
Ecuador (326), Bolivia (332), Argentina (340),
and Chile (344). There were ten new speakers,
including four from the host school (320, 342-
344) and two from Canada (324 and 336).
Patrick Williams (331) was the first representa-
tive from Florida to give a talk. Other new
speakers included Alexei Vranich (332), David
Johnson (346), and Lloyd Anderson (347).
There were only three multiple-authored papers
(330, 331, 345), two of these by husband-wife
teams (331, 345). Isabelle Druc (328) now listed
Yale as her institutional affiliation.
On Saturday evening, a reception was held in
the Bodwell Area of the Hudson Museum. The
museum was open beyond normal hours for the
enjoyment of conference participants. Of partic-
ular interest was the special exhibit, “Empires
Emerging: Collecting the Peruvian Past” which
had opened on September 20th. Other perma-
nent and temporary exhibits were also open for
viewing and Steve Whittington, the Director of
the museum, proved an excellent host. On
Sunday morning a decision was made about the
location of the next meeting. Dartmouth Col-
lege in Hanover, New Hampshire had been so
designated, but complications made it necessary
to postpone holding the meeting there for one
year. After discussion, it was decided to hold the
next meeting at Binghamton University (SUNY),
in Binghamton, New York.20
1998
20
It was also decided to hold the 2000 meeting in Amherst,
Massachusetts.
- 320
The Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the
conference was hosted by Binghamton Univer-
sity (SUNY) the weekend of October 16-18,
1998. For the third time, the word “Amazo-
nian” appeared in the title of the conference.
Bill Isbell was the meeting organizer and, to
some extent, he followed the format that he
had established in 1990. As before, early
arrivals on Friday evening were directed to
meet at Johnnie’s Tavern. All talks were again
held in the Lecture Hall Building, though, this
time we used Lecture Hall 14. Other aspects of
this meeting were very different, however.
Bill employed a series of paired Coordina-
tors and Speaker’s Assistants for the Saturday
and Sunday sessions. In sequential order of
appearance, these pairs consisted of: Peter
Stahl and Greg Ketteman; Catherine Bencic
and Sondra Sainsbury; Rodrigo Navarette and
Tom Besom; Emily Stovel and Juan Leoni; and
Tyler O’Brien and Greg Ketteman. By far, this
was the greatest number of facilitators to date.
The program consisted of thirty-nine papers
and two special presentations. The total of
forty-one presentations far exceeded the
previous high of thirty set the year before. The
twelve non-Peruvian papers were divided
among Argentina (380), Bolivia (354-355,
378-379), Brazil (388), Chile (368), and Ecua-
dor (349-352). The six multiple-authored
papers (351, 368, 372, 374, 375, and 380) set a
conference record.
The fourteen new speakers came from far
and wide. Included were such places as Cali-
fornia (358), Colorado (362), Indiana (388),
Illinois (364), and Canada (350, 359, 360, and
369). Patricia Netherly (349) returned to the
conference after a long absence and listed the
Fundación Alexander von Humboldt in Quito,
Ecuador as her new institutional affiliation. A
number of other regulars also listed a change of
institutional affiliation: David Johnson (383)
was now at the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst; Tamara Bray (365) was at Wayne
State University; JoEllen Burkholder (379) was
at Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Warren
321 -
Church (385) was at Dumbarton Oaks; and Mike
Malpass (375) was back at Ithaca College.
A business meeting was held early Saturday
evening after the supper break. Bill scheduled
presentations by José Ochatoma P., Martha
Cabrera R., and himself on an emergency situa-
tion at the site of Conchapata, abutting the
Ayacucho airport in the South Central High-
lands of Peru. The other business was to confirm
the location of the next meeting. Once again, it
was reported that the Hanover, New Hampshire
site would have to be postponed. It was then
voted to move the Amherst, Massachusetts
meeting forward from 2000 to 1999.21
The business meeting was followed by two
special presentations, given by Adriana von
Hagen (370) and Gary Urton (371), that dealt
with recent discoveries made at Laguna de Los
Condores in Chachapoyas, Peru. Bill was the
evening Coordinator while Juan Carlos Blacker
was the Speaker’s Assistant. Later that evening,
Bill Isbell and his wife Judy Siggins hosted a
reception at their home. At the close of the
meeting on Sunday, they invited those not
leaving the area until the next day to meet at
their home for the purpose of dining with them
at a local restaurant.
1999
The eighteenth annual meeting of the confer-
ence was hosted by the University of Massachu-
setts at Amherst the weekend of October 22-24,
1999. Support was provided by the College of
Social and Behavioral Sciences and by the De-
partment of Anthropology. Don Proulx was the
meeting organizer and he established the Bolt-
wood Tavern in the Lord Jeffrey Inn on the town
common in Amherst as the designated meeting
place for early arrivals on Friday evening.
21
It was also agreed to hold the 2000 meeting in Hanover,
New Hampshire, and the 2001 meeting at Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut.
Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
The meeting was held in the newly reno-
vated Room 104 in Thompson Hall. Copies of
the program and abstracts were made available
at the registration table. Booksellers advertised
their publications at the adjoining table. Don
chaired the meeting and he invited participants
to view the special photo exhibit by the Peru-
vian photographer, Vincente Revilla, entitled
“Qoyllur Rit’i: In Search of the Lord of the
Snow Star”, which was on display on the main
floor of the nearby W.E.B. Du Bois Library.
A total of 37 presentations were made,
including a special invited lecture (413) on
Saturday evening by Nilda Callañaupa. She
was introduced by Susan Bruce of the Harvard
University Peabody Museum of Archaeology
and Ethnology. Following this talk, the annual
business meeting was held. It was confirmed
that the 2000 and 2001 meetings would be
held at Dartmouth and Yale, respectively.
Discussion then centered on the fact that the
expansion in the number of talks the past two
years had come at the expense of the discussion
time immediately following talks. It was con-
cluded that those who volunteer to host future
meetings of the conference do so with the
understanding that discussion is highly valued
by the participants. Though a number of
suggestions were offered, it was decided to
leave it up to each organizer to decide how to
achieve this end. Following dinner, Don and
his wife Mary Jean hosted a party at their
home.
The total of 37 talks presented at this
meeting nearly matched the new high estab-
lished the year before. Like the previous year,
there were twelve non-Peru-related talks repre-
senting five countries. In this case, Argentina
(416 and 417), Bolivia (412, 418, 419, and
425), Chile (391 and 392), Colombia (420),
and Ecuador (414 and 415) were so repre-
sented. Notably, the Universities of Chicago
(397) and Pittsburgh (394 and 412) continued
to be represented at the conference. There
were fifteen new speakers (391, 393, 399-401,
403, 406, 411, 413, 418-420, 423, 425, and
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
426), a conference record. Though most of the
new speakers came from within the conference’s
geographical core, we heard our first speakers
from Tennessee (418), Colombia (420), and The
Netherlands (403). Finally, five of the new
presenters (400, 403, 406, 413, and 420) re-
flected a growing international participation in
the conference.
Summary
A total of one hundred and sixty papers were
given at the five NCAAE meetings held during
the years 1995-1999. The average number
presented was thirty-two. Even excluding the
huge increase in papers presented in 1998 and
1999, the average was twenty-seven, two more
than the preceding phase. The papers continued
to provide pan-Andean coverage. There were
fifty-nine new presenters, an average of twelve a
meeting, and many now came from outside the
geographical core of the conference. In addition,
with the exception of the meeting held in 1997,
a noticeable number of papers were by multiple
authors. The trend toward greater outside
participation in NCAAE meetings noted in
Phase II continued in Phase III and this was
likely facilitated by the spread of electronic
communication.
Discussion
The four hundred and twenty-six papers
which have been presented at meetings of the
NCAAE to date reflect a wide array of subject
matter. Though a somewhat daunting task, it is
possible to assign the great majority of these
papers to one or more broad categories.
A number of papers have dealt with a specific
archaeological period. In this way we have
become informed about early and middle Holo-
cene times (420), Paleoindian times (183, 220,
194, 344), the Preceramic (11, 55, 137, 138, 193,
229, 268, 303, 314, 319-322, 385), the Archaic
(391) the Formative (109, 142, 195, 222, 235,
247, 249, 272, 275, 380, 416, 417, 425), the
Initial Period (68, 117, 118, 158, 159, 179, 227,
- 322
248, 274, 276, 277, 297-299, 307, 339, 356,
357, 384, 395, 396, 398), the Early Horizon
(38, 83, 140, 161, 339), the Early Intermediate
Period (15, 38, 45, 49, 50, 121, 163), the Re-
gional Developmental Period (174, 270), the
Regional Classic (216), the Middle Horizon
(25, 85, 104, 119, 295, 296, 334, 378, 392, 404,
407, 408), the Late Intermediate Period (205,
250, 252), the Protohistoric Period (219)and
the Colonial Period (58, 329, 366).
In like manner, other papers have focused
on specific archaeological cultures. Hence, we
have learned about the Chavín (22, 23, 67,
144, 157, 246, 328, 341), Guañape (276, 398),
Paracas (39, 87, 115, 133, 139, 140, 160, 234,
377), Nasca (13, 19, 30, 31, 70, 87, 88, 114,
115, 141, 198, 199, 279, 345, 346, 382, 383,
399, 401-403), Recuay (7, 28, 226, 376), Galli-
nazo (143), Moche (7, 24, 101,144, 224, 225,
278, 336, 338, 358-360, 377), Huari (1-4, 120,
335, 372-376, 404-407), Tiahuanaco (127, 165,
259, 260, 290, 293, 332, 333, 335, 378, 379),
Sicán (77 and 203), Chimú (8, 190, 204),
Chiribaya (393), and Inca (16, 17, 32, 40, 41,
43, 53, 72, 90, 91, 96, 112, 122, 123, 131, 132,
134, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 169, 182, 207,
208, 210, 213, 221, 230, 255, 264, 265, 281,
284-288, 300, 306, 323, 329, 330, 348, 362-
367, 371, 409-412, 415, 423) cultures. In
particular, we have heard a number of reports
dealing with the Nasca Lines (13, 30, 31, 199,
346, 383, 401, 402) and the Nasca Valley
filtration systems (124, 170, 171, 345). The
quipu (264, 286, 300, 323, 371), masonry
techniques (90, 91, 105, 123, 285, 348, 367,
409, 411, 412), road network (16, 112, 255),
and frontier (152, 207, 255, 306) of the Inca
culture also have been widely discussed.
Archaeological periods and cultures may be
viewed as forming a set of related categories. A
second set of related categories concern the
natural and social environment. Papers on
climate (56, 74, 116, 267, 269, 334, 344),
landscape (17, 259, 342, 343), soils (75, 113,
147), and water (17, 125, 230, 239, 297, 346,
375, 383) fall into the former, while papers
323 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
dealing with subsistence (11, 14, 18, 21, 35, 50,
51, 55, 82, 92, 98, 125, 127, 136, 150, 168, 228,
233, 254, 262, 283, 284, 303, 320, 355, 380, 388,
417), exchange (263, 270, 301, 328, 360, 392,
394, 414, 418), social structure (95, 114, 132,
138, 203, 206, 216, 242, 249, 286, 301, 425),
gender (121, 225, 226, 266, 292, 301, 318),
ethnicity (103, 107, 134, 153, 211, 221), iconog-
raphy (1, 26-28, 69, 141, 144, 198, 202, 224, 234,
275, 370, 400, 403, 425), ritual (59, 154, 206,
224, 274, 276, 297, 299, 333, 338, 341), symbol-
ism (34, 103, 157, 182, 186, 188, 192, 215, 264,
286, 300, 313, 341, 371), complex society (4, 18,
20, 40, 47, 72, 118, 143, 148, 206, 245, 248,
389), and ethnohistory (8, 9, 31, 33, 41, 42, 53,
54, 58, 94, 95, 97, 112, 154, 173, 213, 238, 261,
265, 287, 288, 302, 347, 363, 387,422, 423) fall
into the latter.
The history of archaeology, based on archival
research, has been the concern of some papers
(68, 78, 102, 126, 139, 160, 167, 187, 212, 258,
273, 304, 325, 390). Many other papers have
been based on current archaeological field work.
Survey reports have been given for Argentina
(340), Bolivia (168, 209, 239, 240, 242, 289, 354,
355), Brazil (311), Chile (191 and 368), Ecuador
(109, 128, 146, 174, 222), Peru (6, 7, 11, 36, 38,
45, 52, 83, 86, 107, 140, 161, 164, 178, 200, 296,
369, 382, 408), and Venezuela (37). Excavations
reports have also been presented for Argentina
(416, 417), Bolivia (236, 237, 293, 332, 378, 418,
425), Chile (272), and Peru (1-4, 23, 25, 88, 106,
108, 117-120, 158, 159, 179, 205, 223, 227, 247,
248, 268, 274, 276-278, 294, 296, 298, 299, 312,
322, 331, 336, 337, 356, 357, 360, 362, 372, 373,
376, 384, 395, 396, 398, 404-407). Promising
new research tools were discussed in the survey
reports dealing with low altitude aerial photogra-
phy (368) and satellite imagery (369).
Finally, we have heard many technical re-
ports. They have dealt with architecture (2, 3,
15, 32, 33, 49, 79, 94, 105, 106, 122, 162, 163,
165, 171, 247, 336, 389), marine shell (62 and
98), lithics (12, 63, 193), textiles (22, 44, 65,
104, 130, 133, 166, 189, 190, 192, 210, 339,
366), wood (329), metal (29, 46, 61, 64, 66, 93,
129, 241, 253, 277, 337), pottery (5, 39, 43, 57,
71, 76, 77, 85, 86, 89, 99-101, 108, 135, 142,
155, 176, 185, 196, 197, 203, 204, 246, 260,
270, 305, 327, 328, 330, 333, 360, 365, 379,
421), faunal remains (35, 156, 262, 283, 284,
381), floral remains (50, 51, 233, 254), and
human remains (114, 115, 177, 184, 231, 232,
243, 247, 250-252, 282, 309, 310, 315, 391,
393, 397). The science of archaeology was
especially demonstrated by papers dealing with
stable isotopes (268), DNA (315), trace ele-
ment analysis (337), X-ray analysis (101), and
the electron microscope (330).
Final Thoughts
Dan was initially criticized for having had
the audacity to include “Annual” in the title of
the first meeting held in 1982. Clearly, the
conference has proven to be a great success
and Dan should be applauded for having exhib-
ited both foresight and determination. The
question remains, however: why has the con-
ference met with such success? My informants
and I agree that this is due to a number of
factors.
First and foremost, the small scale of the
meeting is a pure delight. One is able to speak
with friends, both old and new, in a generally
unhurried and informal atmosphere. Over the
years a group identity has formed as many of
the same people have returned annually to
attend the gathering. If you will, a sense of
extended family has emerged and this sense has
been heightened by the fact that the group
includes a large number of couples. Many of
the spouses have not participated formally in
the meetings and many have little or no back-
ground in the Andes. Still, they all enjoy
attending and this speaks for the conviviality of
the conference.
From the student’s perspective, the confer-
ence has provided an inexpensive and easily
accessible alternative to regional meetings held
outside the Northeast. Furthermore, the
conference has provided an opportunity to
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000)
interact with professionals in an atmosphere
considerably less intimidating than that found at
national meetings. Students have the opportu-
nity to make contacts and to have their ideas
taken seriously by senior scholars. The fact that
many in the group first participated in the confer-
ence prior to completing their doctorates means
that students can hone their speaking skills
before a generally supportive audience.
The early Fall is an ideal time for the confer-
ence because other meetings are rare then. In
addition, because people are just returning from
the field, they have new information to present
and new ideas to discuss. The single session
format has helped create a greater sense of group
participation because we all get to hear the new
information and ideas at the same time. The
conference has always welcomed fresh ideas as
well as new members. As such, not only have we
heard from a growing number of speakers, but an
amazing array of topics have been presented
under the Andean umbrella.
A fascinating aspect of hearing particular
speakers over the years is that you begin to see
how they have developed certain ideas or per-
spectives through time. As their knowledge
advances, so too does that of the group, albeit,
mostly in an incremental way. We come to
expect, indeed anticipate the next “chapter” of
their life’s work. Tom Patterson has spoken
about the evolution (20) and nature of the
Andean State (40, 47, 72, and 148), while Inca
stonework has been the focus of Lee Hollowell’s
presentations (66, 91, 123, 285, 348, 367 and
409 ). We have watched Gary Urton shift from
ethnographic (31, 54, 81, 94, and 154) to sym-
bolic (157 and 188) concerns, in general and
quipu-related ones (264, 286, 300, and 371), in
particular. Monica has drawn heavily from
ethnohistoric sources for her presentations (58,
97, 170, 213, and 288), while I have made use of
the Lima press (68, 102, 126, 139, 160, 212, 258,
273 and 304) and museum archives (325 and
390) to speak about the history of Peruvian
archaeology.
- 324
Archaeologically speaking, Don Proulx has
become our resident expert on the Nasca
Culture (70, 141, 198, 279, and 382) while
Izumi Shimada has informed us on the Sicán
Culture (77, 89, and 203) as well as prehispanic
metallurgy in northern Peru (46, 93, 129, and
142). Heading back in time, Richard and Lucy
Burger have presented information about the
Initial Period occupation of the Lurín Valley
(117, 158, 179, 299, 384, and 396); Tom and
Shelia Pozorski have done the same for the
Casma Valley (118, 159, 227, 248, 298, 356,
395), and Tom Zoubek has initiated a similar
study of Initial Period settlement in the Virú
Valley (247, 297, 357, and 398). Jack Rossen
has principally concentrated on the Pre-
ceramic (193, 314 and 322) and Dan’s work
concerns the emergence of complex society in
Preceramic times (18, 194, 245, 268, 269, and
319) and particularly the role played by clima-
tic change (62, 98, 116 and 267).
The research interests of Mike Malpass
overlap with those of Dan and Jack regarding
the Preceramic (11, 36. 138, 229, and 321) and
with others concerned with post-formative
settlement in southern Peru (71, 86, 178, and
294), in general, and, specifically, as it relates
to terraced agricultural systems (52 and 125).
In this way, Mike also overlaps with Gray
Graffam who has spoken regarding Tiwanaku
agriculture (127 and 150) as well as on metal-
lurgy (241 and 253) and the Middle Horizon
(295) in Chile. Clark Erickson has taught us
much about Bolivian raised-field agriculture
(92, 168, 209, 239, 242, and 289) and he has
discussed agrarian collapse during the Middle
Horizon (334).
The Middle Horizon has preoccupied Anita
Cook (1, 26, 164, 296, and 373), JoEllen
Burkholder (237, 260, 290, 293, and 379) and
Bill Isbell, who has focused his attention on the
Ayacucho area (4, 25, 389, and 404), Bolivia
(236, 293, and 335), and the Northern High-
lands of Peru (120). In the latter area, he was
led to reconsider the importance of local archi-
tectural traditions (162 and 206). Such local
325 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
traditions had been discussed in detail by John
and Theresa Topic (15, 49, 106, and 163), who
then shifted their attention to related ethno-
historic research in Northern Peru (153) and
Ecuador (221, 361, and 415).22
From the above, it can be seen that the
conference has acted as a crucible of sorts, allow-
ing for the interplay of ideas and the creation of
new perspectives especially concerning the
Preceramic Period, the Initial Period and the
Middle Horizon. The conference offers speakers
abundant opportunities for feedback, both
immediately after their presentations and during
scheduled breaks. The conversations that are
held are often intense and one can’t help but be
stimulated by the lively exploration of ideas.
During the past two years, the number of
presentations has reached an all-time high. This
has been achieved, however, at the cost of great-
ly reduced opportunities for discussion immedi-
ately following presentations. Participants have
expressed dissatisfaction with this trend and
future organizers have been charged with the
responsibility of restoring this valued time for
discussion. How they do so, however, has been
left to their discretion.
Overall, however, I think we should feel very
good about the conference. We have had won-
derful institutional support and the many special
venues have added to the weekend experiences.
The conference gains prestige through its associ-
ation with Andean Past23 and, in this regard, we
need to acknowledge the continued support of
the Cornell LASP, its current Associate Director,
Mary Jo Dudley, and its former Directors Tom
Holloway, Billie Jean Isbell, Lourdes Beneria, and
22
This shift was partly due to the uneasy political situation
in Peru during the late1980s and early 1990s which made
it increasingly dangerous to continue research in the
highlands. I suspect that Bill Isbell’s shift to Bolivia (236)
and Joan Gero’s move to Argentina (249) were similarly
influenced.
23
The history of Andean Past, now that’s another story...
Debra Castillo. Conference membership is not
yet unwieldy and it consists of individuals who
enjoy collegial interaction and who have
learned to appreciate one another. We can
boast some top people in their fields, many of
whom are still relatively young. We have
begun to plan meetings in advance and we
have a solid core of individuals who have
volunteered to host meetings. Again, some of
these individuals are near the beginning of
their professional careers. Finally, with the
continued involvement of Dan and other
dedicated members, the future of the confer-
ence looks assured.
References cited
Browman, David L.
2000 An Informal History of the Origins and Early
Years of the Midwestern Conference on An-
dean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethno-
history: The First 25 Years, 1973-1997. Andean
Past 6:343-360.
Brown, Robin M.
2000 Lynda Elliot Spickard, 1944-1999. Andean Past
6:1-4.
Burger, Richard L.
1998 Heidy Fogel, 1956-1994. Andean Past 5:1-3.
Donnan, Christopher B.
1985 Preface. In Early Ceremonial Architecture In The
Andes: A Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, 8th to
10th October 1982, edited by Christopher B.
Donnan, pp. 3-6. Washington, D.C.: Dumbar-
ton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Kvietok, D. Peter and Daniel H. Sandweiss (editors)
1985 Recent Studies In Andean Prehistory And Protohis-
tory: Papers from the Second Annual Northeast
Conference on Andean Archaeology and Ethnohis-
tory. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University
Latin American Studies Program.
Lyon, Patricia J.
1982 Editor’s Preface and Dedication of this Special
Issue. Ñawpa Pacha 20:1-2.
Morris, Craig
1985 Junius Bouton Bird (1907-1982). American
Anthropologist 87:120-122.
Murra, John V.
1994 John Hyslop 1945-1993. Andean Past 4:1-7.
Sandweiss, Daniel H.
1987 Preface. Andean Past 1:iii-iv.
1992 Martha B. Anders 1949-1990. Andean Past 3:1-
4.
Sandweiss, Daniel H. (editor)
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 326

1983 Investigations Of The Andean Past: Papers from the

First Annual Northeast Conference on Andean
Archaeology and Ethnohistory. Ithaca, New York:
Cornell University Latin American Studies Pro-
gram.
Sandweiss, Daniel H. and D. Peter Kvietok (editors)
1986 Perspectives On Andean Prehistory And Protohistory:
Papers from the Third Annual Northeast Conference

on Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory. Ithaca,

New York: Cornell University Latin American
Studies Program.
327 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference

Figure 1. Invitation to first NCAAE meeting dated May 5, 1982.

Figure 2. Memo regarding the first NCAAE meeting dated August 16, 1982.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 328

Figure 3. Invitation to the first NCAAE meeting dated September 1, 1982.

329 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference

Figure 4. October 20, 1982 cover letter sent to those attending the first NCAAE.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 330

Figure 5. Information for Speakers, first NCAAE meeting.

331 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
APPENDIX 1: Chronological Listing Of Papers Presented At The Northeast Conference
First meeting organized by Daniel H. Sandweiss, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, November 13-14, 1982.

1. Aspects of State Ideology in Huari and Tiwanaku Iconography: The Central Deity and the Sacrificer by Anita
G. Cook (Colgate University).
2. Spatial Patterning and the Function of a Huari Architectural Compound by Christine Brewster-Wray (SUNY
Binghamton).
3. Square Pegs in Round Holes: An Architecture of Sacred Power by Lynda E. Spickard (SUNY Binghamton).
4. Ideological Antecedents of Empire by William H. Isbell (SUNY-Binghamton).
5. Casma-Incised Pottery: An Analysis of Collections from the Nepeña Valley by Cheryl C. Daggett (University
of Massachusetts Amherst).
6. Virahuanca Bajo: On Understanding Megalithic Sites in the Nepeña Valley by Richard E. Daggett (University
of Massachusetts Amherst).
7. Moche and Recuay Relationships in the Nepeña Valley, Peru by Donald A. Proulx (University of Massachusetts
Amherst).
8. La Lengua Pescadora: The Lost Dialect of Chimú Fishermen by Joel Rabinowitz (Johnson Museum, Cornell
University).
9. The Chancas of Angaraes: 1450(?) - 1765 by Paul H. Dillon (Cornell University).
10. The Chincha Valley Project by Craig Morris (American Museum of Natural History).
11. Preceramic Subsistence Technologies of the Casma Valley, Peru by Michael A. Malpass (University of
Wisconsin Madison).
12. Stone Tools in Ceramic Contexts: Edges, Actions, and Shapes by Joan M. Gero (University of Massachusetts
Amherst).
13. A Preliminary Investigation of Order in the Nazca Lines by Anthony F. Aveni (Colgate University) and Gary
Urton (Colgate University).
14. High Altitude Land Use in the Huamachuco Area by Tom McGreevey (Trent University) and Roxanne
Shaughnessy (Trent University).
15. Viracochapampa: New Information by John R. Topic (Trent University) and Theresa L. Topic (Trent
University).
16. Results of an Archaeological Survey of the Inka Road System by John Hyslop (Institute of Andean Research).
17. The Shape of Things That Were: Landscape and Waterscape near Inca Cuzco by Susan A. Niles (Lafayette
College).
18. Ecology and Analogy: A Revised Model of the Origin of Complex Society on the Peruvian Coast, by Daniel H.
Sandweiss (Cornell University).
19. Huaca del Loro Revisited by Allison C. Paulson (Hartwick College).
20. The Evolution of Andean Social Formations on the Central Coast of Peru, 5000 to 1000 B.C. by Thomas C.
Patterson (Temple University).
21. Sierra, Selva, and Salt: The Case for a Central Huallaga Prehistory by Warren DeBoer (CUNY Queens College).
22. The Uses, Roles, and Meanings of Chavín-Style Painted Textiles by Rebecca Stone (Yale University).
23. Two Villages in the Chavín Heartland: Pojoc and Waman Wain by Richard L. Burger (Yale University).

Second meeting organized by Craig Morris and D. Peter Kvietok American Museum of Natural History, New York City,
November 19-20, 1983.

24. The Moche Moon by Elizabeth P. Benson (Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley, California).
25. The Ayacucho Valley in the Middle Horizon by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
26. The Significance of the Conchapata B Deposit: I by Anita G. Cook (Colgate University).
27. The Significance of the Conchapata B. Deposit: II by Dorothy Menzel (Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley,
California).
28. A Distinctive Supernatural Creature of Recuay Iconography by Steven Wegner (Dumbarton Oaks).
29. Impressions in Metal: Reconstructing Burial Context at Loma Negra by Anne-Louise Schaffer (Metropolitan
Museum of Art).
30. New Data on the Nasca Line Centers by Anthony F. Aveni (Colgate University).
31. Ethnographic and Ethnohistoric Perspectives on the Nasca Lines in the Plaza at Quebrada de la Vaca by Gary
Urton (Colgate University).
32. Symbolic Structure at Inkawasi, Cañete Valley by John Hyslop (American Museum of Natural History).
33. Dualism and Ceremonial Architecture in the Northern Andes by Patricia Netherly (Cornell University).
34. Written Sources on Andean Cosmology by George Kubler (Yale University).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 332
35. The Guinea Pig is Good to Eat: The Guinea Pig is Good to Think by Carolyn J. North (Princeton University).
36. Two Preceramic and Formative Period Occupations in the Cordillera Negra: Preliminary Report by Michael A.
Malpass (St. Lawrence University).
37. Recent Archaeological Investigations in the High Llanos and Piedmont of Western Venezuela by Charles S.
Spencer (University of Connecticut) and Elsa M. Redmond (University of Connecticut).
38. The Transition From the Early Horizon to the Early Intermediate Period: A Comparison of the Nepeña and
Virú Valleys by Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
39. A Re-evaluation of the Paracas Seriation by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
40. Pachacamac: The Production of Ideology in Central Peru under the Incas by Thomas C. Patterson (Temple
University).
41. The Spanish League and Inca Sites: A Reassessment of the 1566 Itinerary of Juan de Matienzo through N.W.
Argentina by Gordon C. Pollard (SUNY Plattsburgh).
42. Bolivia: Progress on Andean History by John V. Murra (Cornell University).
43. Machu Picchu Ceramics: Hiram Bingham and the Lost City of the Incas Rediscovered by Leon G. Doyon (Yale
University).
44. Patterns/Designs of the Huaca Prieta Textiles by Milica Skinner (American Museum of Natural History).

Third meeting organized by Donald A. Proulx, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, October 27-28, 1984.

45. The Early Intermediate Period Occupation of the North Central Coast: An Emerging Perspective by Richard
E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
46. Ancient Mining and Metallurgy on the Northern Coast of Peru by Izumi Shimada (Harvard University).
47. Pre-Incaic Class and State Formation in Peru by Thomas C. Patterson (Temple University).
48. The Process of State Formation in the Andes: A View through Time by Patricia Netherly (Dumbarton Oaks
and University of Massachusetts Amherst).
49. Evolution of Architectural Forms in Huamachuco by John R. Topic (Trent University).
50. Analysis of Organic Remains from Huamachuco Colcas by Coreen Chiswell (Trent University).
51. The Archaeological Botany of a Highland Andean Site at Tantamayo Huanuco, Peru, by Lawrence Kaplan
(University of Massachusetts Boston).
52. Terrace Systems of the Colca Valley, Peru: A preliminary report by Michael A. Malpass.
53. Large Scale Coca-Leaf Growing in Eastern Qollasuyu by John V. Murra (Institute of Andean Research).
54. The History and Geography of Origin Places in Pacariqtambo by Gary Urton (Colgate University).
55. Differentiated Subsistence Mode of the Peruvian Cotton Preceramic Period by Elzbieta Zechenter (University
California Los Angeles).
56. The Salar de Punta Negra: Climate Change, Water Budgets and Settlement around a Former Freshwater Lake
(in Northern Chile) by Thomas Lynch (Cornell University).
57. Topará, by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
58. Representations of the Cosmos by Monica Barnes (Community College of Allegheny County).
59. Earth Mother, Earth Father: Ancient Shrines in Contemporary Andean Worship by Susan A. Niles (Lafayette
College).
60. An Analysis of Two Tairona Pendants by Robert Sonin.
61. Aspects of Casting Practice in Prehispanic Peru by Stuart V. Arnold (Harvard University).

Fourth meeting organized by Dwight Wallace, State University of New York at Albany, November 2-3, 1985.

62. Choromytilus chorus in Andean Prehistory by Daniel H. Sandweiss (Cornell University).

63. Basalt Use-Wear Studies by D. Peter Kvietok (American Museum of Natural History).
64. Manufacture of Beads in Prehispanic Peru by Stuart V. Arnold (Harvard University).
65. Textile Conservation in the Field by Sandra Evans.
66. Were Bronze Tools Used in Andean Stone Working? by J. Lee Hollowell.
67. Chavinoid Incised Bone Implements in the Collection of the Fine Arts Museum of Long Island by Marilyn
Goldstein (Fine Arts Museum of Long Island).
68. The Excavations of Two Cupisnique Temples in Nepeña: Reconstructing the Evidence for Cerro Blanco and
Punkurí by Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
69. The Iconography of Bats in South America by Elizabeth P. Benson (Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley,
California).
70. Nasca Mythical Iconography: Some New Discoveries by Donald A. Proulx (University Massachusetts of
Amherst).
333 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
71. Ceramics from the Colca Valley: Provisional Identification by Michael A. Malpass (Washington and Lee
University).
72. Merchants and Markets in the Inca State and Beyond by Thomas C. Patterson (Temple University).
73. A Reanalysis of the Copper Man by Nancy Demyttenaer.
74. How Important is Climate in Understanding Culture History: The Case of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador,
by Eugene McDougle.
75. The Soils of Sierra Moko, Cochabamba, Bolivia, by William H. Hurley (University of Toronto ), Gray Graffam
(University of Toronto), and David Pereira Herrera.
76. The Kaolin Ceramic Tradition in the Northern Sierra by Theresa L. Topic (Trent University).
77. Variability in Sicán Blackware: Morphology, Decoration, Chronology by Kate M. Cleland (University of
California Los Angeles) and Izumi Shimada (Harvard University).
78. Junius Bird’s Excavations in South Chile: 1936-37 by John Hyslop (American Museum of Natural History).
79. Architectural Features of La Centinela, Chincha by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
80. Stones In Contemporary Cachora by Raquel Ackerman.
81. [Title unknown] by Gary Urton (Colgate University). (Paper not confirmed.)

Fifth meeting organized by Monica Barnes and Daniel H. Sandweiss, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, November 8-9,
1986.

82. Transhumance Patterns in the South Central Andes by Calogero M. Santoro (Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica,
Chile and Cornell University).
83. The Early Horizon Period in the Ica Valley: A Reassessment of the Ocucaje Sequence by Sarah A. Massey. (In
absence of author, paper read by Kate M. Cleland.)
84. Early Ridge Top Administrative Centers and the Consolidation of Power in the Callejón de Huáylas, Peru by
Joan M. Gero (University of South Carolina). (Author did not attend; paper not presented.)
85. Middle Horizon Ceramics from the Planned Site of Azangaro (Ayacucho, Peru) by Martha B. Anders (Cornell
University).
86. The Ceramic Sequence from Chijra, Colca Valley, Peru, by Michael A. Malpass (St. Lawrence University).
87. Images and Environments: Nasca and Paracas, by Ann Peters (Cornell University).
88. Nasca 8 at Cahuachi: A Late Nasca Occupation at an Early Nasca Site by Helaine Silverman (University of
Illinois Urbana).
89. Paleteada Ceramics at Huaca del Pueblo: Chronology and Functional Classes by Kate M. Cleland (University
California Los Angeles) and Izumi Shimada (Harvard University).
90. The Role of Abrasive Cutting in Inca Stonework by Stuart V. Arnold (Harvard University).
91. Stone Deterioration and the Bolivian Pachamama by J. Lee Hollowell.
92. Archaeology and Development: Applied Investigation of Raised Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin
by Clark L. Erickson (University of Illinois Urbana).
93. Experimental Smelting of Copper: Behavioral Insights by Izumi Shimada (Harvard University), Joan F. Merkel
(Harvard University), and Stephen M. Epstein (University of Pennsylvania).
94. History of an Adobe Wall from 1915 to 1985: Public Architecture as Social Context by Gary Urton (Colgate
University).
95. Social Structure as Cultural Mediator in the Peruvian Highlands by Jean-Jacques Decoster (Cornell University).
96. The Killaka in Quallasuyu and in the Audiencia de Chacas: Some Methodological Issues by Thomas
Abercrombie (University of Chicago).
97. Cristobal de Albornoz and the Taki Ongoy in Soras by Monica Barnes (Cornell University) and David Fleming
(Cornell University).

Sixth meeting organized by John R. and Theresa L. Topic,, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, October 17-18,
1987.

98. Molluscs in Peruvian Prehistory: A Preliminary Overview by Daniel H. Sandweiss (Cornell University) and
María del Carmen Rodríguez.
99. Sites with Textile-Impressed Pottery from the Nepeña Valley, Peru by Donald A. Proulx (University of
Massachusetts Amherst).
100. Textile-Impressed Pottery from the Nepeña Valley, Peru by William H. Hurley (University of Toronto).
101. X-Ray Analysis of Moche Ceramic Manufacturing Techniques by Sergio Purin (Musées Royaux d’Art et
d’Histoire, Brussels).
102. The Pachacamac Studies: 1938-1941 by Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 334
103. Identification of Group Identity: Explanation through Cosmography by Michael Czwarno (Cambridge
University).
104. A Middle Horizon Mummy Bundle Head Covering Type from the Central Coast of Peru by Margaret Young-
Sánchez (Columbia University).
105. Inferences from Masonry, Fort A, Marcahuamachuco by H. Stanley Loten (Carleton University).
106. Results of Excavations in Monumental Architecture at Marcahuamachuco by John R. Topic (Trent University).
107. Prehispanic Ethnicity in the Eastern Andes: Wading through the Quagmire by Charles Hastings (Central
Michigan University).
108. Stratigraphy and Ceramics from Building No. 1 at the Gran Pajatén by Warren Church (University of Colorado
Boulder).
109. Archaeology of the Formative Period in the Southern Highlands of Ecuador by Fernando Sánchez (Cornell
University).
110. An Examination of Various Interpretations of Ingapirca, Ecuador, 1748-1984 by David Fleming.
111. Recent Research at Catarpe Tambo, Chile by Thomas Lynch (Cornell University).
112. Mojones, Polity Boundaries, and the Inka Road by Geoffrey Spurling (Cornell University).
113. The Archaeology of Central Bolivia by William H. Hurley (University of Toronto).

Seventh meeting organized by Donald A. Proulx, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, November 5-6, 1988.

114. Nasca Burial Patterns: Implications for Socio-political Structuring by Patrick Carmichael (University of
Calgary).
115. Physical Anthropological Analysis of Late Paracas and Early Nasca Trophy Heads by José Pablo Baraybar
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and Field Museum of Natural History).
116. The Prehistory of El Niño by Daniel H. Sandweiss (Cornell University).
117. The Second Season of Excavations at Cardal, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale University) and
Lucy Salazar Burger (Yale University).
118. Early Complex Society in the Casma Valley, Peru by Thomas Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American) and
Shelia Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American).
119. Recent Research at Maymi, a Middle Horizon Site in the Lower Pisco Valley by Martha Anders (University of
Calgary).
120. Honcopampa and Huari: A Report on the First Season of Research at Honcopampa in the Callejón de Huáylas
by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
121. Early Intermediate Period “Administration” at Queyash: A Preliminary Report on the 1988 Excavations by Joan
M. Gero (University of South Carolina).
122. Orthogonal Patterns in Inka Settlement Design by John Hyslop (Institute of Andean Research).
123. Jetas: A Study of their Occurrence and Interpretation in Andean Stonework by J. Lee Hollowell.
124. Archaeological and Historical Arguments for the Introduction of Qanat Irrigation to the New World by David
Fleming.
125. Irrigated Versus Non-Irrigated Terracing in the Andes: Environmental Considerations by Michael A. Malpass
(College of William and Mary).
126. Peruvian Archaeology and the Press: The Case of El Comercio. Preliminary Report, 1935-1964 by Richard E.
Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
127. Tiwanaku’s Agricultural Legacy by Gray Graffam (University of Toronto).
128. Archaeological Survey in Northern Highland Ecuador by Tamara Bray (SUNY Binghamton).
129. Metallurgical Survey in the Vicús Region by Izumi Shimada (Harvard University).
130. The Excavation and Preservation Considerations of Textile Material in the Acarí River Valley by T. Rose
Holdcraft (Harvard University).
131. The Inca Transformation of Colla Umasuyu by Geoffrey Spurling (Trent University).
132. Kinship and Labor in the Structure of Tawantisuyu by Michael Brewster-Wray (SUNY Binghamton).
133. Syntax and Paradigm in a Visual System: Paracas Necropolis “Block Color” Images by Ann Peters (Cornell
University).
134. Inter-Ethnic Relations in Arica at the Eve of the Spanish Conquest by Jorge Hidalgo (John Carter Brown
Library).
135. A Cache from Chongos by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
136. Origins of Herding Economies on the Puna of Junín by Katherine Moore (Bentley College).

Eighth meeting organized by Richard L. Burger, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, October 14-15, 1989.
335 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
137. New Evidence for the Cotton Preceramic in the South Central Andes by Karen Wise (Northwestern
University), Elaine Huebner (Northwestern University), and Niki R. Clark (Washington University).
138. Preceramic Houses and Household Organization Along the Western Coast of South America by Michael A.
Malpass (Ithaca College) and Karen Stothert (Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas).
139. Paracas: Discovery and Controversy by Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
140. Paracas in Nazca: The Early Horizon occupation of the Río Grande de Nasca by Helaine Silverman (University
of Illinois Urbana).
141. Monkeys in Nasca Art and Society by Donald A. Proulx (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
142. Excavation of Formative Ceramic Kilns, Batán Grande, North Peru: 1989 by Izumi Shimada (Peabody Museum,
Harvard University), and Carlos Elera (University of Calgary).
143. Reconsidering the Chronology and Political Organization of the Gallinazo Culture by Heidy Fogel (Yale
University).
144. Decapitator Iconography in Chavín and Moche Iconography by Alana Cordy-Collins (University of San Diego).
145. Prehistoric Settlement and Land Use Along the Río Canaguá, Barinas Venezuela by Charles S. Spenser
(University of Connecticut) and Elsa M. Redmond (University of Connecticut).
146. A Framework for the Prehistory of the Santiago-Cayapas Basins, Coastal Ecuador by Warren DeBoer (CUNY
Queens College).
147. Archaeological Sites and Soils in Cochabamba, Bolivia: 1985-1989 by William H. Hurley (University of
Toronto).
148. Pax Incaica: Reality or Ideological Construct by Thomas C. Patterson (Temple University).
149. Hydrology and Hierarchy in Inca Cuzco by Jeanette Sherbondy (Washington College). (Did not attend; paper
not presented.)
150. Raised Fields and Verticality of the Pakaq by Gray Graffam (University of Toronto).
151. Inca State Farms in the Hatun Xauxa Region, Peru by Terence N. D’Altroy (Columbia University).
152. A Major Inca Site in Tucumán, Argentina by John Hyslop (Institute of Andean Research).
153. Los Primeros Augustinos and the Cultural Geography of Huamachuco, by John R. Topic (Trent University).
154. Monkey-Men and Saints in an Andean Community Ritual and Political Implications of the Distribution and
Use of K’eros and K’usilloqs in Pacariqtambo by Gary Urton (Colgate University).

Ninth meeting organized by William H. Isbell, State University of New York at Binghamton, October 27-28, 1990.

155. Evidence of Perishable Material Impression on Ceramics in South America by William H. Hurley (University
of Toronto).
156. Size Constraint in the Archaeological Recovery of Neotropical Mammal Remains from Manabí, Ecuador by
Peter Stahl (SUNY Binghamton).
157. The Body of Meaning in Chavín Art by Gary Urton (Colgate University).
158. Preliminary Report on the 1990 Investigation at Mina Perdida, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale
University).
159. Administration of Intersite Commodity Flow: Evidence from Bahía Seca and Pampa de Las Llamas-Moxeque
in the Casma Valley, Peru by Thomas Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American) and Shelia Pozorski
(University of Texas Pan American).
160. The Mummy Bundles of the Great Necropolis of Wari Kayan by Richard E. Daggett (University of
Massachusetts Amherst).
161. The Early Horizon in the Callango Basin, Ica Valley by Lisa DeLeonardis (Catholic University).
162. Mortuary Monuments in the Far North Highlands of Peru by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
163. Early Intermediate Period Architecture of Huamachuco by John R. Topic (Trent University).
164. The Lower Ica Valley Survey: A Report on the 1990 Field Season by Anita G. Cook (Catholic University).
165. A Tiwanaku Semi-Subterranean Temple in the Moquegua Valley, Peru by Paul Goldstein (American Museum
of Natural History).
166. The San Pedro de Atacama Textile Program: 1990 Progress Report by William J. Conklin (Institute of Andean
Studies and American Museum of Natural History) and Barbara Conklin (Institute of Andean Studies and
American Museum of Natural History).
167. Adolf Bandelier and the Archaeology of Surco, 1892 by John Hyslop (American Museum of Natural History).
168. New Research on Raised Agricultural Fields in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia by Clark L. Erickson (University
of Pennsylvania).
169. Capac Hucha in the Inca’s Administration of Collasuyu by Thomas Besom (SUNY Binghamton).
170. Documentary Evidence for Filtration Gallery Irrigation in Spain and in the Andes by Monica Barnes (Cornell
University).
171. The Architecture of Old and New World Filtration Galleries by David Fleming.
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 336
172. Health and History in the Alto Madre de Dios, Peru, by Beverly Bennett (Cornell University).
173. Court, Church, and Cemetery: The case of the Chachi Ceremonial Center by Warren DeBoer (CUNY Queens
College).
174. The Regional Developmental Period in the Guayas Basin, Ecuador by Michael C. Muse.
175. Radiocarbon Chronology and Stratigraphic Correlation in Northern Manabí, Ecuador by James Zeidler
(University of Pittsburgh).
176. Panzaleo Puzzle: Non-local pottery in Northern Highland Ecuador by Tamara Bray (SUNY Binghamton).
177. High Status Shaft Tombs at the Site of La Florida, Pichincha, Ecuador, by Leon G. Doyon (Yale University).

Tenth meeting organized by Craig Morris, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, November 2-3, 1991.

178. Reconnaissance in the Upper Camaná Valley by Michael A. Malpass (Ithaca College).
179. The Second Season at Mina Perdida by Richard L. Burger (Yale University) and Lucy Salazar Burger (Yale
University).
180. The Creation of the Hall of South American Peoples: Dilemmas and Achievements by Craig Morris (American
Museum of Natural History).
181. The Chronology of Geoglyphs by Persis Clarkson (University of Winnipeg).
182. A Preliminary Report on the Cuzco Ceque System Project (1990-1991) by Brian S. Bauer (University of
Chicago).
183. Paleo-Indian Studies: A view from the northern Andes by William J. Mayer-Oakes (Texas Tech University).
184. North Ecuadorian Burials: A Review by Oswaldo Benavides and María Auxiliadora Cordero.
185. Ceramic Styles and Chronologies in the Northern Highlands of Ecuador: Dates and Contexts from La Florida,
Quito by Leon G. Doyon (Yale University).
186. Lathrap’s Dual Caymans Revisited by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
187. The Shippee-Johnson Photographic Collections at the AMNH (and Viewing of Shippee Johnson Film “Wings
Over the Andes”) by John Hyslop (American Museum of Natural History).
188. The Symbolism of a Weasel Money Pouch; or, My Brother-in-Law the Weasel by Gary Urton (Colgate
University).
189. Making Pairs: The Logic of Andean Sling Braids by Ed Franquemont (Institute of Andean Studies).
190. Considerations on Chimú Warp Pairing by William J. Conklin (American Museum of Natural History).
191. Recent Research in the Azapa Valley, Chile by Paul Goldstein (American Museum of Natural History).
192. Textile Texts: The Choices and Manipulation of Symbols Used by Peruvian Weavers by John Cohen (SUNY
Purchase).

Eleventh meeting organized by Gary Urton, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, November 21-22, 1992.

193. Unifaces in Early Andean Culture History: The Nanchoc Lithic Tradition of Northern Peru by Jack Rossen
(Middlebury College).
194. Quebrada Jaguay and the Early Prehistory of the Peruvian South Coast: Some Preliminary Observations by
Daniel H. Sandweiss (Carnegie Museum of Natural History) and Bernardino Ojeda (Lima).
195. A Late Formative Bath in Northern Chile: Domestic Hydraulic Architecture in the Atacama Desert by Andrew
Martindale (Trent University).
196. South American Ceramic Impressions by William H. Hurley (University of Toronto).
197. The Ferdon Prehistoric Ceramic Collections from Ecuador: An Exercise in Ceramic Classification and Analysis
by Earl H. Lubensky (University of Missouri).
198. Representations of Humans in Nasca Art by Donald A. Proulx (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
199. Ethnoastronomy and the Nazca Figures by Phyllis Pitluga (University of Chicago).
200. The Lower Ica Valley Ground Drawings on the South Coast of Peru by Anita G. Cook (Catholic University).
201. The Lines of Sajama by Brian S. Bauer (University of Chicago).
202. Foxes in South American Art and Narrative by Elizabeth P. Benson (Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley,
California).
203. Classes in Perpetuity: Reflections of Early Middle Sicán Social Structure and Economy in Mortuary Pottery and
Practice by Kate M. Cleland (Swarthmore College) and Izumi Shimada (Peabody Museum, Harvard
University).
204. A Chronological Study of Chimú Ceramics from Chan Chan, Peru by Joan Kanigan (Author did not attend and
paper was not presented) "The solution of a calendrical problem in a Huari textile" presented in this slot by R.
Tom Zuidema (University of Illinois and The Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard University).
205. Preliminary Results of the Investigation of Pukarani, a Late Intermediate Period Site in the Peruvian Sierra
(Tumilaca River, Osmore Valley) by M. Antonio Ribeiro (University of Michigan).
337 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
206. Mortuary Monuments and Ayllu Antiquity by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
207. The Southern Inka Empire: A view from the Valle Calchaqui, Argentina by Terence N. D’Altroy (Columbia
University).
208. Tolas and Pukaraes, Yumbos and Inkas, by Ronald D. Lippi (University of Wisconsin).
209. Archaeological Survey and Mapping of Prehispanic Earthworks in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia by Clark L.
Erickson (University of Pennsylvania).
210. Warping, Weaving, and Cultural Boundaries in Cuzco by Ed Franquemont (Institute of Andean Studies).
211. Mapping the Huaynos by John Cohen (SUNY Purchase).
212. The Incidental Archaeologist: Tello and the Peruvian Expeditions of 1913 and 1916 by Richard E. Daggett
(University of Massachusetts Amherst).
213. Eighteenth-Century Illustrations of Inca Sites by Monica Barnes (Cornell University).
214. Social Concerns in Latin American Archaeology by Oswaldo H. Benavides.
215. The Poetics of Creation: Urarina Cosmogony and Historical Consciousness by Bartholomew C. Dean (Harvard
University).

Twelfth meeting organized by Daniel H. Sandweiss and James B. Richardson III, Carnegie Museum of Natural History,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 23-24, 1993.

216. Social Differentiation in the Regional Classic Period (A.D. 1-900) in the Valle de la Plata, Colombia by Jeffrey
P. Blick (University of Pittsburgh).
217. Archaeology of the Muisca: New Research and New Perspectives by Carl Henrik Langebaek (University of
Pittsburgh).
218. The Tairona Chiefdoms: Toward an Understanding of Spatial and Temporal Regional Variation by Augusto
Oyuela-Caycedo (University of Pittsburgh).
219. Searching for the Protohistoric Punáe Cacicazgo: The View from Ceibo Grande by Thomas F. Aleto
(Bloomsburg University).
220. Paleo-Indian Lithic Studies at San José, Ecuador by William J. Mayer-Oakes (Texas Tech University) and Alice
W. Portnoy (Texas Tech University).
221. The Mitmaq of Chimbo, Bolívar, Ecuador by John R. Topic (Trent University) and Theresa L. Topic (Trent
University).
222. Coastal Formative Period Riverine Settlements in the Southern Highlands of Ecuador by Fernando Sánchez
(Oberlin College.).
223. Late Prehistoric Architecture of the Northeastern Montane Rainforest of Peru: Gran Pajatén and La Playa by
Warren Church (Yale University) and Elke Cedrón Church.
224. Moche Myth, Rite, and Politics: What Might the Sipán Grave Goods Tell Us? by Elizabeth P. Benson (Institute
of Andean Studies).
225. Some Aspects of Gender in the Symbolism of the Moche Sacrificial Context by Daniel Arsenault (University
of South Carolina).
226. Asserting Power/Seeing Gender in Recuay Iconography by Joan M. Gero (University of South Carolina).
227. Recent Investigations at Taukachi-Konkan, Sechín Alto Complex, in the Casma Valley, Peru by Thomas
Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American) and Shelia Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American).
228. Opal Phytolith Evidence Complements Isotope Studies of Archaeological Food Residues from the Upper
Mantaro Valley, Peru by Robert G. Thompson (University of Minnesota).
229. The Early and Middle Preceramic Period of Coastal Peru: A Review by Michael A. Malpass (Ithaca College).
230. Irrigation Practices in Cuzco and Extremadura Compared by Jeanette E. Sherbondy (Washington College).
231. Skeletal Traits and Grave Goods from Ancón, Peru by Ellen FitzSimmons [Steinberg] (University of Illinois
Chicago).
232. Skeletal Pathologies as Evidence of Division of Labor in Ancón, Peru by Karen Weinstein (University of Illinois
Chicago).
233. Archaeobotany of Ancón, Peru by Samuela Pérez-Stefancich (University Illinois Chicago).
234. The Shaman Theme in Paracas Art: Two Examples from the Cleveland Museum of Art by Margaret Young-
Sánchez (Cleveland Museum of Art).
235. A New View of the Upper Formative Period in the Lake Titicaca Basin by Charles Stanish (Field Museum).
236. Iwawi: A Deeply Stratified Tiwanaku Center by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
237. Iwawi Chronology: A Preliminary Ceramic Sequence by JoEllen Burkholder (SUNY Binghamton).
238. Guaman Poma, Hieronymo de Chaues and the Kings of Persia by David Fleming (Columbia University).
239. Prehispanic Water Control in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia by Clark L. Erickson (University of Pennsylvania).
240. Remote Sensing and Raised Fields in the Llanos de Moxos Bolivia by John Walker (University of Pennsylvania).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 338
241. Ancient Metallurgy at the Ramaditas Site, Quebrada de Guatacondo Chile by Gray Graffam (Trent University),
Alvaro Carevic, and Mario Rivera.

Thirteenth meeting organized by Michael A. Malpass, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, October 15-16, 1994.

242. Raised Field Patterning and Social Groupings in the Llanos de Moxos of Bolivia by Clark L. Erickson (University
of Pennsylvania).
243. An Urn Burial and Its Prehispanic Context in the Bolivian Amazon by John Walker (University of
Pennsylvania).
244. Loma Ibibate: Occupation Mounds in Beni, Bolivia by Marcello-Andrea Canuto (University of Pennsylvania).
245. Another Look at Early Maritime Adaptations in Peru by Daniel H. Sandweiss (University of Maine Orono) and
James B. Richardson III (University of Pittsburgh).
246. Ceramic Trade Relationships in the Chavín Sphere as They Appear from Within: A Paste Analysis by Isabelle
C. Druc (Université de Montréal).
247. The Formative Site of Huaca El Gallo/Huaca La Gallina, Virú Valley, Peru: Ceremonial Architecture and
Burials by Thomas Zoubek (Yale University).
248. A Possible Palace Structure at Taukachi-Konkan, Casma Valley, Peru by Shelia Pozorski (University of Texas
Pan American) and Thomas Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American).
249. Rethinking Household Arrangements of the Argentinian Early Formative: Preliminary Excavations at Yutopian,
Province of Catamarca by Cristina Scattolin (Universidad de Buenos Aires) and Joan M. Gero (University of
South Carolina).
250. Ancón, Peru: The Enigma of Porotic Hyperostosis during the Late Intermediate Period by Ellen FitzSimmons
Steinberg (University Illinois Chicago) and Karen Weinstein.
251. How Do Bones Grow: The Evidence from Ancón, Peru by Jack Prost (University of Illinois Chicago).
252. Report on a Peruvian Incisor Inlay from the Late Intermediate Period at Ancón by Ellen FitzSimmons Steinberg
(University of Illinois Chicago), Gordon K. Jones (Carnegie Museum), and Charmaine C. Steinberg (Carnegie
Museum).
253. Prehispanic Metal Smelting Along the Río San Salvador, Chile by Gray Graffam (Trent University), Lautaro
Nuñez (Museo Gustavo Le Paige, Chile), and Francisco Tellez (Museo Gustavo Le Paige, Chile).
254. Food For the Frontier: The Archaeobotany of the Inca Fortress at Cerro de la Compañía, Central Chile by Jack
Rossen (University of Kentucky).
255. Inka Roads in the Atacama: Effects of Later Use by Mounted Travelers through the Gran Despoblado by
Thomas Lynch (Institute of Andean Research).
256. How Do We Know the Andean Past? by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
257. Reflections on Writing a Popular Book on Central Andean Archaeology by James B. Richardson III (University
of Pittsburgh).
258. Tello’s “Lost Years”:1931-1935 by Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
259. Tiwanaku Interaction and Human/Land Relationships in Cochabamba, Bolivia by Alvaro Higueras (University
of Pittsburgh).
260. Early Iwawi: Ceramics and Cultural Process at a Tiwanaku Site by JoEllen Burkholder (SUNY Binghamton).
261. Long Ago, Far Away: Use of Time and Space by Chachi Shamans (Ecuador) by Warren DeBoer (CUNY
Queens College).
262. Interpreting Ancient Mammalian Diversity from the Archaeofaunal Record in the Forested Lowlands of
Western Ecuador by Peter Stahl (SUNY Binghamton).
263. Coca, Commerce, and the Ideology of Reciprocity: Political Economy in the Andes Reconsidered by Tamara
Bray (Smithsonian Institution).
264. The Khipu: A Mnemonic Device or a Medium for Writing? by Gary Urton (Colgate University).
265. The European Sources of Filipe Waman Puma de Ayala by John V. Murra (Cornell University).
266. From a Sister’s Point of View, by Billie Jean Isbell (Cornell University).

Fourteenth meeting organized by Edward B. Dwyer and Elisabeth Bonnier, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode
Island, October 21-22, 1995.
339 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
267. The Origins of El Niño: Round II by James B. Richardson III (University Pittsburgh), Daniel H. Sandweiss
(University Maine), and Harold B. Rollins (University of Pittsburgh).
268. Mid-Holocene Occupation of the Siches Site, Northwestern Peru by Daniel H. Sandweiss (University of Maine)
and James B. Richardson III (University of Pittsburgh).
269. Stable Isotopes of Marine Shell and Paleoclimate on the North Coast of Peru by Sarah Nicholas (University of
Maine) and Daniel H. Sandweiss (University of Maine).
270. New Evidence for Regional Exchange and Ceramic Production in the Early Guangala Period in Southwest
Ecuador by Karen E. Stothert (Yale University), Amelia Sánchez (ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador), and César
Veintimilla (ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador).
271. New Perspectives on Panzaleo: Contexts, Quantities, Chronologies, and Culture Areas by Leon G. Doyon (Yale
University).
272. Excavations at Ramaditas, a Formative Village Site in the Atacama Desert by Mario Rivera (Andes Ecological
Consultants).
273. From Huarochirí to Harvard: The Making of Peru’s First Archaeologist by Richard E. Daggett (University of
Massachusetts Amherst).
274. Earth, Fire, Stones and Ullush: Ritual at the Early Site of Piruru, Alta-Marañón Peru by Elisabeth Bonnier
(Rhode Island School of Design).
275. Style, Iconography and Formative Chronology by Henning Bischoff (Reiß-Museum, Mannheim, Germany).
276. Guañape Period Ceremonialism at Huaca El Gallo, Virú Valley, Peru by Thomas Zoubek (Yale University).
277. Pre-Chavín Metal Artifacts from Mina Perdida, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale University).
278. Investigating Urbanism at the Moche Site, North Coast of Peru by Claude Chapdelaine (Université de
Montréal).
279. Nasca Religion and Burial by Donald A. Proulx (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
280. The Maximilist and the Minimalist Bias in Andean and Israeli Scholarship Over the Past Three Decades by
Richard P. Schaedel (University of Texas Austin).
281. Anarchy and Government Before the Inca Conquest by John H. Rowe (University of California Berkeley).
282. Funny Bones from Ancón by Jack H. Prost (University of Illinois Chicago).
283. Camelids or Cuys? Primary Meat Animal in the Ancient Central Andes, by Lidio M. Valdez (University of
Calgary).
284. Fauna from the Burial Caves at Machu Picchu, by George Miller (California State University Hayward).
285. Umbos, Bosses, Protuberances, Jetas: Bumps on Rocks by J. Lee Hollowell.
286. The Social Life of Quechua Numbers by Gary Urton (Colgate University).
287. La Tercera Versión del Cronista Murua by Juan Ossio (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú).
288. A Lost Inca History by Monica Barnes (Cornell University).
289. Precolumbian Earthworks of the Baures Region of Eastern Bolivia by Clark L. Erickson (University of
Pennsylvania).
290. What is in a Name? Overlapping Archaeological Categories in the Analysis of Tiwanaku Culture by JoEllen
Burkholder (SUNY Binghamton).
291. Archaeological Interpretation and Individual Motivations: A Case Study by Patricia Lyon (Institute of Andean
Studies, Berkeley, California).
292. Women in Andean States: A Test of the Engels/Leacock Hypothesis by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).

Fifteenth meeting organized by Clark L. Erickson, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology,
Philadelphia, October 19-20, 1996.

293. Excavating the Iwawi Mound, Lake Titicaca, by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton), Juan Albarracín
(ECOAR, Bolivia), JoEllen Burkholder (SUNY Binghamton), Catherine Bencic (SUNY Binghamton), Tyler
O’Brien (SUNY Binghamton), and Emily Stovel (SUNY Binghamton).
294. Excavations at Sonay, Camaná Valley, Peru by Michael A. Malpass (College of William and Mary), Anthony
Puglisi (Ithaca College), and Jason Kerschner (Ithaca College).
295. Middle Horizon Settlement and Economy at San Pedro de Atacama, Chile: Results of a Pilot Study by Gray
Graffam (Trent University).
296. Casa Vieja and the Early Middle Horizon in the Lower Ica Valley, Peru by Anita G. Cook (Catholic University).
297. Hydraulic Solidarity, Water Temples, and Initial Period Ceremonial Sites: Interdependence vs. Autonomy by
Thomas Zoubeck (SUNY New Paltz).
298. The Sechín Alto Site: 1995-1996 Fieldwork in the Casma Valley, Peru by Thomas Pozorski (University of Texas
Pan American) and Shelia Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American).
299. A Late Initial Period Religious Image from Mina Perdida, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale
University) and Lucy Salazar Burger (Yale University).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 340
300. The Milan Quipu Document: Is It another Rosetta Stone? or a Piltdown Hoax? by Gary Urton (Colgate
University).
301. Household, Gender and Specialized Production at Chan Chan by Theresa L. Topic (Brescia College).
302. The Imprisonment of Blas Valera: Heresy and Inca History in 16th Century Peru by Sabine Hyland.
303. Changes in Ecuadorian Fishing Strategies from the Preceramic until the Conquest by Amelia Sánchez (ESPOL,
Guayaquil, Ecuador).
304. The Libertad Campaign Against Tello: Setting the Record Straight by Richard E. Daggett (University
Massachusetts Amherst).
305. Signatures of Ancient and Modern Pottery by Trisha Thorme (Cornell University).
306. Structure and Dynamics of the Inka Frontier: New Archaeological Evidence of Inka Borderlands in the
Southeastern Bolivian Chaco by Sonia Alconini (University of Pittsburgh).
307. The Manachaqui Phase and Initial Period Montane Forest Interaction Spheres by Warren Church (Yale
University).
308. Circles of Stones: New Evidence for Culture Change in Late Prehistoric Southwest Ecuador by Maria Masucci
(Drew University).
309. Head Molding at Ancón by Jack Prost (University of Illinois Chicago).
310. Cranial Deformation at Prehistoric Ancón and Today by Ellen Steinberg (University of Illinois Chicago).
311. Recent Archaeological Investigations in the Central Amazon: Report on Fieldwork at the Acutuba Locality,
Lower Negra River, Brazil by Michael Heckenberger (Carnegie Museum), James Petersen (University Maine
Farmington), and Eduardo Neves (Museu de Arqueología e Etnología, Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brazil).
312. Bottles, Bones and Buildings: Evidence of Pre-columbian Cultural Dynamics from the Site of San José de Moro,
Peru by Andrew Nelson (University of Western Ontario), Carol Mackey (California State University
Northridge), and Luis Jaime Castillo (Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú).
313. The “Fabric of Time”: A Re-examination of a Peruvian South Coast Calendrical Textile by Darrell S. Gundrum
(University of Illinois Urbana).
314. Rethinking Preceramic Settlement and Site Structure in Northern Peru by Jack Rossen (Ithaca College) and
Thomas Dillehay (University of Kentucky).
315. The Chiribaya Alta Cemeteries: Developing Genetic Models to Take Advantage of Ancient DNA by Sloan
Williams (University of Illinois Chicago).
316. Values and Uses of the Archaeological Heritage in a Local Context: The Case of Sipán and Túcume,
Lambayeque, Peru by Ulla Holmquist (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú).
317. Technical Studies of Painted Andean Objects: A Progress Report by Emily Kaplan (National Museum of the
American Indian, Smithsonian Institution).
318. Gender Related Stylistic Attributes of the Jelí Phase Complex by John Staller.

Sixteenth meeting organized by Daniel H. Sandweiss, University of Maine, Orono, October 4-5, 1997.

319. Early Maritime Adaptations at Quebrada Jaguay, Peru by Daniel H. Sandweiss (University of Maine).
320. Faunal Remains from Quebrada Jaguay, Peru by Heather McInnis (University of Maine).
321. Preceramic Lomas Utilization along the Peruvian Coast by Michael A. Malpass (Ithaca College).
322. Investigations at the Preceramic Village of Cerro Guitarra, Lower Zaña Valley, Northern Peru by Jack Rossen
(Ithaca College).
323. Quipus and the “New History” of Atahuallpa by Sabine Hyland (Columbus State University).
324. Ritual Looting: The Emergence of the Peruvian Huaquero as Cultural Destroyer and Preserver by Rena Guendez
(Wilfred Laurier University).
325. Tello’s 1915 Trip to Southern Peru and Bolivia: A First Look by Richard E. Daggett (University Massachusetts
Amherst).
326. Heuristic Devices or Wild Geese: The Use of Cultural Phases in Ecuadorian Archaeology by Maria Masucci
(Drew University).
327. Characterization of Alluvial Deposits and Initial Period Pottery from the Lurín Valley, Peru by Trisha Thorme
(Cornell University).
328. Ceramic Exchange at the Time of Chavín de Huántar: The Results of a Production and Provenience Study by
Isabelle C. Druc (Yale University).
329. Technical Studies of Inka and Colonial Period Painted Wooden Keros: A Progress Report by Emily Kaplan
(National Museum of the American Indian).
330. Compositional Analysis of Inca Ceramics: An Exploratory Approach Using the Electron Microscope (SEM) by
Leon G. Doyon (Yale University) and Richard L. Burger (Yale University).
331. Burning Down the House: Differential Patterns of Construction and Abandonment on Cerro Baúl by Patrick
R. Williams (University of Florida) and Donna J. Nash (University of Florida).
341 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
332. Investigations at the Temple of Pumapunku by Alexei Vranich (University of Pennsylvania).
333. The Akapana Ceramics in the Continuity/Discontinuity Debate: A Case of Ritual Paraphernalia during
Tiwanaku IV and V by Sonia Alconini (University of Pittsburgh).
334. Climate Change and Middle Horizon Agrarian Collapse: An Archaeological Perspective by Clark L. Erickson
(University of Pennsylvania).
335. The Built Environments of Huari and Tiwanaku by William H. Isbell (SUNY Binghamton).
336. Variability in Domestic Architecture during the Late Occupation of the Moche Site by Hendrik Van Gijseghem
(Université de Montréal).
337. Trace-Element Analysis of Metal Artifacts from the Moche Site, North Coast of Peru by Claude Chapdelaine
(Université de Montréal).
338. Moche Prisoner Capture and Human Sacrifice at the Huaca de la Luna, Moche River Valley, Peru by John W.
Verano (Tulane University). (Author not present. Paper not presented.)
339. Ancón Textiles of the Initial Period and Early Horizon by Dwight Wallace (SUNY Albany).
340. Population Scarcity in an East Andean Valley of Northwest Argentina by Charles M. Hastings (Central
Michigan University).
341. An Orientation Towards Meaning in Chavín Iconography, Cosmology and Ritual Movement by Darrell S.
Gundrum (University of Illinois Urbana).
342. Remote Sensing and Coastal Change in Peru: Beach Ridges in Northwest Peru by Stacy Shafer (University of
Maine).
343. Anthropogenic Preservation of the Chira Beach Ridge Plain by Daniel F. Belknap (University of Maine .
344. Late Glacial Climate, Fire and Paleoindians in the Chilean Lake District by Patricio I. Moreno (University of
Maine).
345. Earthquake Damage to the Nazca Puquios by David Fleming and Monica Barnes.
346. The Relationship Between the Lines of Nazca and Water Resources by David Johnson.
347. The Historical Chronology of Peru: Integrating the Sources by Lloyd Anderson.
348. River Crossing, by J. Lee Hollowell.

Seventeenth meeting organized by William H. Isbell, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, October 17-18,
1998.

349. Cultural Chronology of the Arenillas Valley, El Oro Province, Ecuador by Patricia Netherly (Fundación
Alexander Von Humboldt, Quito).
350. Gourd-Form Ceramics in Valdivia and the Transition to Chorrera: Symbolic Meanings of Gourds for the Late
Formative Peoples of Coastal Ecuador by Elka Weinstein (University of Toronto).
351. Excavations at Challuabamba, Ecuador by Terrence Grieder (University Texas), James D. Farmer (Virginia
Commonwealth University), Antonio Carrillo, and Bradford Jones.
352. Mortuary Transpositions as Evidence for Cosmology: Interpretation of Shaft Tomb Architecture and Grave
Goods from the Highlands of Northern Ecuador and Southern Colombia by Leon G. Doyon (Yale University).
353. A New Look at Spatial Organization within a Prehistoric Mound Site in Eastern Ecuador (Yaunchu, Middle
Upano Valley) by Arthur Rostoker (GSUC-CUNY).
354. Prehispanic Moated Settlements in the Bolivian Amazon by Clark L. Erickson (University of Pennsylvania).
355. Settlement and Agricultural Abandonment in Lowland Bolivia by John Walker (University of Pennsylvania).
356. Archaeological Investigations at the Sechín Alto Site, Casma Valley, Peru by Shelia Pozorski (University of
Texas Pan American) and Thomas Pozorski (University of Texas Pan American).
357. Results of the First Season of the Huacapongo Alto Project, Virú Valley by Thomas Zoubek (SUNY New Paltz).
358. The Search for Moche I: A Tale of Two Tombs by Christopher Donnan (University California Los Angeles).
359. Moche Beads and Pendants: Symbolic and Technical Messages from the Past by Hélène Bernier (Université de
Montréal).
360. The Organization of Ceramic Production at the Moche Site: A Comparison between Ritual and Domestic
Pottery by Alexis Mantha (Université de Montréal).
361. Namanchugo: The Sanctuary of Catequil by John R. Topic (Trent University).
362. The Archaeology of Inca Origins: The Selz Foundation Excavations at Chokepukio by Gordon McEwan
(Denver Art Museum).
363. Murua and Guaman Poma in Light of a New Manuscript by Juan Ossio (Pontifica Universidad Católica del
Perú).
364. A New Vision of Cuzco Political Organization by Tom Zuidema (University of Illinois).
365. The Art of Empire in the Andes: Imperial Inca pottery: Form and Imagery by Tamara Bray (Wayne State
University).
ANDEAN PAST 6 (2000) - 342
366. Inka-Style Unkus in the Post-Inka Period: Qompi Weaving and Royal Garments in the Colonial Andes by Elena
Phipps (Metropolitan Museum of Art).
367. How the Incas Transported 100-Ton Stones Across the River at Ollantaytambo (Part 2) by J. Lee Hollowell.
368. Low-Altitude Aerial Photography: A Case Study from Northern Chile by Persis B. Clarkson (University of
Winnipeg), William Johnson (SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry), Gerald Johnson
(University of Minnesota Minneapolis), and Evan Johnson.
369. Chachapoyan Archaeological Site Location from Satellite Imagery by Peter Bangarth (University of Western
Ontario).
370. An Overview of Art and Iconography at the Laguna de Los Condores, Peru by Adriana von Hagen.
371. The Kipus of Laguna de Los Condores, Chachapoyas, by Gary Urton (Colgate University).
372. A Canal in the Vicinity of Wari, Ayacucho, Peru by Lidio M. Váldez (Trent University ) and J. Ernesto Váldez
(Universidad de San Cristóbal de Huamanga).
373. D-Shaped Structures in the Huari Empire by Anita G. Cook (Catholic University).
374. A Wari Offering Context at Cerro Baúl by P. Ryan Williams (University of Florida), Donna Nash (University
of Florida), Johny Isla C., and Robert Feldman (Field Museum).
375. Water, Huacas, and Ancester Worship: Traces of a Sacred Wari Landscape by Mary Glowacki (Institute of
Andean Studies and Bureau of Archaeological Research, State of Florida) and Michael A. Malpass (Ithaca
College).
376. Changing Mortuary Patterns at the Recuay-Huari Site of Chichawas, Peru by George Lau (Yale University).
377. Paracas and Moche Equivalent Headdress Motifs by Lloyd B. Anderson (Ecological Linguistics, Washington
D.C.).
378. Ideological Unity and Continuity in the Middle Horizon: The Temple of Pumapunku, Tiwanaku by Alexei
Vranich (University of Pennsylvania).
379. Feasting on the Tiwanaku Homefront: Possible Implications of Vessel Shapes by JoEllen Burkholder (Indiana
University of Pennsylvania).
380. Formative Period and Present-Day High Altitude Agriculture at Yutopian, Northwestern Argentina by Jack
Rossen (Ithaca College), Joan M. Gero (American University), and Cristina Scattolin (Universidad de la Plata).
381. The Archaeological Investigation of Prehistoric Andean Ch’arki by Peter W. Stahl (Binghamton University).
382. The 1998 Nasca Valley Survey by Donald A. Proulx (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
383. A Hydrological Understanding of the Nasca Lines by David Johnson (University of Massachusetts Amherst).
384. Recent Excavations at the Initial Period Center of Manchay Bajo, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale
University) and Lucy Salazar Burger (Yale University).
385. Preceramic Occupations in the Northern Peruvian Ceja de Selva by Warren Church (Dumbarton Oaks).
386. Chachi “Ranchos”: Ethnohistorical and Archaeological Implications by Claire Allum (Bowdoin College).
387. The Reliability of the Chronicle of Fernando de Montesinos by Juha J. Hiltunen (University Turku, Finland).
(Author not present; decision made to distribute copies of paper to interested members.)
388. Contemporary Agricultural Intensification on the Amazonian Floodplain: Ecological Generalizations in Light
of the Tikuna of Campo Alegre by Nicholas Shorr (Indiana University).
389. Palaces in the Andean Past: Unexpected Surprises by William H. Isbell (Binghamton University).

Eighteenth meeting organized by Donald A. Proulx, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, October 23-24, 1999.

390. The Myron I. Granger Archaeological Expedition by Richard Daggett (University of Massachusetts).
391. Skeletal Paleopathology in Chile’s Semiarid North: Patterns and Preservation by Maria A. Rosado (Rowan
University).
392. Long Distance Trade at San Pedro de Atacama, Chile: The Ceramic Evidence by Emily Stovel (Binghamton
University).
393. Archaeoparasitology of the Chiribaya Culture of Southern Peru by Daniel Holiday (Quinnipiac College).
394. Flotsam and Jetsam: Will We Ever Find the Cargo Rafts by James B. Richardson III (Carnegie Museum).
395. Excavations at Sechín Alto: The 1999 Field Season by Thomas Pozorski (Pan American Univrsity) and Shelia
Pozorski (Pan American University)
396. The 1999 Excavations at Manchay Bajo, Lurín Valley, Peru by Richard L. Burger (Yale University) aand Lucy
Salazar Burger (Yale University).
397. Ancón Bones: Reflections and Speculations by Jack C. Prost (University of Illinois at Chicago) and Ellen
FitzSimmons [Steinberg] (University of Illinois at Chicago).
398. Virú Reviewed: Defining the Guañape Phases by Thomas Zoubek.
399. Siguas Textile Traditions and Early Nasca-Style Textiles from the Department of Arequipa by Joerg Haeberli.
400. Gold Diadems from the Far South Coast of Peru by Colin McEwan (British Museum) and Joerg Haeberli.
343 - Daggett: History of the Northeast Andean Conference
401. The Relationship Between the Lines of Nasca and Groundwater Resources: New Data, Part I by Steven Mabee
(University of Massachusetts, Amherst), J. Levin (University of Massachusetts, Amherst), and David Johnson
(University of Massachusetts, Amherst).
402. The Relationship Between the Lines of Nasca and Groundwater Resources: New Data, Part II by David Johnson
(University of Massachusetts, Amherst), Steven B. Mabee (University of Massachusetts, Amherst), and J. Levin
(University of Massachusetts, Amherst).
403. Seasons in Nasca Gold and Pottery, Peru, 200 BC - AD 600 by Edward K. de Bock (National Museum of
Ethnology, Leiden).
404. New Discoveries at Conchopata, Peru: 1999 by William Isbell (Binghamton University) and Anita Cook
(Catholic University).
405. Recent Archaeological Excavation at the Wari Site of Marayniyoq, Ayacucho Valley, Peru by Lidio M. Váldez
(Trent University), Katrina J. Bettcher (Trent University), J. Ernesto Váldez (Universidad San Cristóbal de
Huamanga), and Cirilio Vivanco (Universidad San Cristóbal de Huamanga).
406. Salvage Excavation of a Wari Burial Chamber at Seqllas, Ayacucho Valley, Peru by Katrina J. Bettcher (Trent
University), J. Ernesto Váldez (Universidad San Cristóbal de Huamanga), and Lidio M. Váldez (Trent
University).
407. Chronology and Community at Chinchawas, North Highlands, Peru by George Lau (Yale University).
408. The Nepeña Valley Survey: Is There More to Learn? by Cheryl C. Daggett (University of Massachusetts,
Amherst) and Richard E. Daggett (University of Massachusetts, Amherst).
409. The Missing Block Problem at the Fortaleza, Ollantaytambo by J. L. Hollowell.
410. The Inka State and the Ayacucho Valley, Peru by Lidio Váldez (Trent University).
411. The Inka Occupation of Carabaya, Peru by Lawrence S. Coben (University of Pennsylvania), Charles L. Stanish
(University of California at Los Angeles), and Pepe Núñez.
412. The Oroncota Region and the Inka Architecture of Power (Southeastern Bolivia)by Sonia Alconini (University
of Pittsburgh).
413. The Survival of the Warp Scaffolding Technique in the Cusco Region of Perú by Nilda Callañaupa (Center for
the Traditional Textile, Cusco).
414. Short-term Vagaries of Long- and Medium-distance Exchange in North Andean Chiefdoms: Archaeological
Evidence from Quito, Ecuador by Leon G. Doyon (Yale University).
415. Catequil in Ecuador by John R. Topic (Trent University).
416. House Chronology at Yutopian, Province of Catamarca, Northwest Argentina by Joan M. Gero (American
University) and Cristina Scattolin (Museo Etnográfico, Buenos Aires).
417. Formative High-altitude Agricultural Systems of the Cajón Valley, Northwest Argentina by Jack Rossen (Ithaca
College), Ilana Hahnel (Connecticut College), and Jessica Striebel.
418. Civilization on the Andean Fringe: Trade and Local Power in Icla, Bolivia by John W. Janusek (Vanderbilt
University).
419. The Involvement of Aymara People in an Archaeology Project, Bolivia by Sergio J. Chávez (Yale University)
and Karen Mohr Chávez (Central Michigan University).
420. Ocupaciones humanas durante el holoceno temprano y medio en un valle interandino del noroccidente
colombiano by Neyla Castillo Espita (Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia) and Francisco Javier
Aceituno (Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia).
421. Ethnoarchaeology in the Conchucos by Isabelle C. Druc (Yale University).
422. Did Montesinos Record the Wari Kings? By Lloyd Anderson (Ecological Linguistics, Washington, D.C.).
423. Andean Planetary Names by William Sullivan.
424. El “contorcionista”: the “Acrobat/Contortionist” as a Category of Figure Found from West Mexico to Northern
Peru by Elka Weinstein (University of Toronto).
425. Household and Community Organization of a Formative Period Bolivian Settlement by Courtney Rose.
426. Paracas, Topará, and Ocucaje: Topics from the 50s and the 90s by Ann Peters.