Using mathematical notations, the document outlines 5 basic community interactions between species: predation benefits species B while harming species A; competition harms both species; mutualism benefits both species; commensalism is neutral to species A but benefits species B; and amensalism harms species A but is neutral to species B.
Using mathematical notations, the document outlines 5 basic community interactions between species: predation benefits species B while harming species A; competition harms both species; mutualism benefits both species; commensalism is neutral to species A but benefits species B; and amensalism harms species A but is neutral to species B.
Using mathematical notations, the document outlines 5 basic community interactions between species: predation benefits species B while harming species A; competition harms both species; mutualism benefits both species; commensalism is neutral to species A but benefits species B; and amensalism harms species A but is neutral to species B.