Exemplo. Qtentamenrte immediate tn fundacion HAT Close) Eymple 10-\ (bo Bowls ai SSP eAitesa teens pene Westn legen Ceeiqec © | RRustra pe da Ligue Enter Z - | Figs 3.0 Ctapacidas de Soporte) a = Se dinero fa demmsion dit mat, pro ate purds tener dimesima de B (8,19 ec meee Ula prfinditad de dusplante dl materde Sm. Pameramente dabemos estimay la Capactdad dt Soporte perms les ane al teveeno por e( Mah. Lk primer entrete 20 una aratla _ Nrnese sa may wate ee L Maber de Compuaion Simple 9 (promsile) du B00 ER, + fase Cumtanie fumeto de 18H KNlwe, Dibide 2 Gar pe efeteare | proukan ¢ de Daberatorio de reistnea a Da dympurtnn Sy Prrkes de claficaetm, Asabemes Ger pe trata di un Suelo ee Sa= ss ee eeerKtan = 18% KPa — bro _ eh ena frase an discerniv leperdiende da da dimension & _ dd Mak so La Cepactdad dt Soporte a gebenwade per lor _petlcdeder dad primer eotrate Unicamentts de los der primenes aatates 0 de tes tive primers sotiates. L Interemes Comer devande Gu eavtrr bug Les dos primenes | apteddes (ver erpitole Y Capacided 2 carga ultina ae cmmen tact ens 1 Raperfrerelin i Cates taeres aber ) fibre Fundamuntes a Emagtnterr a ae Cemuntacerees = Bea He Dar setae ree rea pee =Poise Pamntavse dos Situa cen: TL capac mt de Orga Ae prales ontmty Arcades | pole, may fuerte Sebre Sorbo man daboil Que Cepecr ded AL Carga altinns . Zee 2 20, Ky 4. Que ges (it 244 ae (148 ta 2) (A) —¥,HS fe ee (4219) ee eer Dp > crpeeder att Ay a Ca! Negay Feser +6 (De +H) Neen Festa + 4% Bre Fray eeuceion 22) -ETLB Nag Fase G2 cc} New Fesgy + ¥ De Ne ay Fesen Ges Copeeded ultima dat ontrate L eeream (4:2) parte dat Super Gan Ade (ob peimec entrate torn ford Que ak Segande totrate 7 4 Cal te neemavio dther mma Pace ertimar K Carne Gu Cd New + 2 BNvie) & cy Megy +2 81 B Mra) Seen slG> En ente eteple parm el pum eantrate sus 1sok& d=o oer ee ne eet cum as OR Rom ee erratic Pare Preprde ertat di arena yridia dimte Ase Des mnrehga dere Prepon lay Sigetae eupnesi ps a g- veal sidee" #20 Hatunate ¢ Ushi den 7 . Niece eter aD ngee Be Ngo = ZS ie) = 91 (Nice = Cu. Neo = ar Cu = fase L Ge! Tela [8.90 EM/me (4.¢e)+ ows (it) = 9%46 KK Wruminideg BE Coen DVEt OTB = bee daly = Gre EL prynte ertrate Pe enaunte a 4 form de Prefar> S15 — ¥.80 => 0.45 m 4 -(:qnese\'2— pa } (es : —_(Bi\go = 0.94% 21 = 20,44 % 20 do\Rpieay tee = a2? fue it | e Cy Hef 2s a BENGE fai) Cas 180 PA, bee 4 Mes Sit | bq shee_Qst60(Sie) te = Fl Be E sax Gre Ca Neg +4 Yo B Nyy 2 ieee C20, G2 3t° : Pe Mer sses , Mecezar , Wyséeag ; ti Br. oO +d liehB (6814) a 7 - Yas 613.4 8 ve - @rre Qu “BOGE EG ggg ee “ar FF ee fox sh Supente imictel supunte Il — Suslo mas dell Seb un Serle mas fuevte 4 (aur Ge) (HY Fe eens) Ger copendes de Carga altima deb antmte Superior Bye Cope ea ae Came eThima aut crfate irey tes be (ertente superer mar dle] Gx Ht . tb eview -eoteete 1 areilla [mesa moy rigid Hz3.9 Qulgan) = 300 KR a | arena medio densa eotrate 2 Nae cpam) = 18. BB om | LD areata limosa muy vegide man fuerte elastrate Atvil Gua eatrate de Grena du arena medio densa Medio dansa Sapesicion: = TM Geedla limese mug vigute masCcumpe ee e7 Fe cK (n due te te ACHE Ge Uewrheke Puy DB Para Geena 4 avelig Dr2G pare Anas dinse VaBao outs Hed Gun Gare (seen aur)(38)* : + Gus AeF e249 222 ke Gedns DEE. Bee 938 Kea — Beuly planter Come primty pare 2h Colente de be Gpaccdet dr Peperte admisibt — neconocrents Gu th eatab o areilly vigide demina An Copan ter dt Sopevts- a = Gx _ 30° _ on — CsSa= Ge = 1s Kea el Qule= 1.3.6 Me = 3 (we) (stgjc 10°? be a eed Gadsby Galt _ 190% 334.1 KPa x siskte Cabtnee a me Pace 2 Calertav of adintnmiento dil mat bay una Patesn~ aplicade de 300 KPa ®) Enemtrar lL module Promdiio Gs Nutone 1 mi Te qsS43 047 rere — gscna medio damns~ ery Re yy ac Face) = 300 Pa Pesrerics) Nae (eam) = 18 arenosa medio danse 222 Naocran? Medium dase gravely snd Mou 222 na may danse arena may Atos 5 con Grave Nae (pen) = 40 =s24 | Mey dem wd wih pul B] 0 wenea + | Roe Fie ie “3&4 4. Find the average E, ‘The depth H from base of matt rock is He (490-15)+33+7+138= 715m ‘The average £, in this depth (and using Table 5-5) is Ey = 100% - 50000 kPa (average range of stiff clay ands, = & Eq = SODNsy +15) (he mos conservative equation in Table 55) 70 Ea = solis() 1] (6) + 1? (35, 18950 kPa (converting Nw to Nss and rounding) Es 3] = 22000kP or? m sum) m s[0(2)os|« namie Teel eng Fay « QSODN + 3.48090 «202200 + 1386250 3 , Estimate the mat wil b onthe oder of 14m, giving aus L Ei a ein il Estimate. = 0.3 for all the layerssve (at cents) Fora senlement AH = 50 mm (0050 m) we solve fr the required gg 000026 y= 228» ear 4.) 0 obtain ar eld ii te mat secdement to abot 50m, which sa common allowable value for rat foundations, 108 MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION &, FOR MATS AND PLATES Ji auss ‘sree clement methods given inthis chapter for matyplates use the modulus of fibarade reaction &, to suppor the plate. The modulus k's waste, ‘compute node springs based on the contributing plan area of an element to any nede ari Fig. 10-5. From the figure We see the following: Node Contributing area Veomen)— Fofrecungie abde Dose) ofatde + fot Beer 3limeroe) ofeach rectangle framing to acommon sede (ae nae 3) For a triangle one should arbitrarily use one-third of the triangle area to any comer node. For these area contributions the fraction of ky node esistmsce ee any element is Ai = ky KN/a, cAzea, mi = units of EN/m (or kip in Fp) Since this computation gives unit of a “spring” itis common a cll the effect a node spring. Tn this form the springs are independent ofeach other, the, system of springs supporting the | Blac is tenned a “Winkler” foundation, andthe springs are ‘uncoupled. Uncoupling means “tthe detection of any spring isnot influenced by adjacent spring2-10 of taken as obtain the is equation. there SICAL AND INDEX PROPERTIES: LABORATORY TESTING: SETTLEMENT AND STRENGTH CORRELATIONS 123 TABLE 2-7 Values or value ranges for Poisson’s ratio Type of soil # (Clay, saturated 0 Sand, gravelly send — ‘commonly used Rock nds somewhat on Conerere Another mater hydrostatic stres al property concept is the bulk modulus Ey, (o the volumetric strain e, and is given as, his defined as the ratio of 1. Equation () sets the upper limit at. < 0.5. Itappears thatthe range of y. for soils hat are not “elastic”) is from about ~0.1 to 1.00. Table range of values for select it is common to use w= 0.5 saturated clay soils, the reader should be aware that this represents a condition of no volume change under the applied stress o. Over time, however, volume change does occur as the pore fluid drains. Equation (e) defines the Poisson's ratio that develops initially (€, = 0) and also later when e, > O. Since the strain is produced from stress and Fig. I-1 indicates a vertical variation, it necessarily follows that pis stress- dependent from Eq, ( {special case in geotechnical work is that of plane strain. This arises where strains occur parallel to two of the coordinate axes (say the x and z) but the strain is zero perpendicular to the x-z plane (along the y axis). If we set e, = 0 in the set of equations for Hooke’s law [CEqs. (2-64)] and solve for the resulting values of E, and yz, we obtain the following:din plane 1) is de 2-66) ge in set est and a st obtain k dashed) wo points 0) and at selection ction k, computing, vibration des. of stress: from field everal soils steel and ess Ag) = @) 43a, From everal pairs interval nd that both nd readily This result he modulus 7 = Ogive s “confined HSICAL AND INCEX PROPERTIES: LABORATORY TESTING: SETTLEMENT ross 125 TABLE 28 Value range’ for the static stress-strain modulus F, for selected soils (see also ‘Table 5-6) Field va Slt E MPa c Very soft Soft Medium Loess Silty Sand and grave Loose Dense Shale 150-50 sil 20 in situ, itis reasonable for confined compression tests to produce better “elastic” parameters. Although itis difficult ro compare laboratory and field E, values, there is some evidenc field values are often four to five times larger than laboratory values from the unconfined compression test. For this reason, current practice tends to try to obtain “field” values from in situ testing whenever possible. This topic will be taken up in more detail in the next chapter. ‘gives a range of E, values that might be obtained. Note that the range is very large, g factors as well as those factors given on the table. With this wide range of values the reader should not try to use “averaged” values from this table for Tf laboratory test plots similar to Fig. 2-43a are used, it is most common to use the initial tangent modulus to compute the stress-strain modulus E, for the following reasons: 1. Soi 2. There is less diverg: 3, The largest values are obtained— modulus from another p is elastic only near the origin race between all plots in this x fren three to five tin g the curve, 1es larger than a tangent or secant0.0 obtain rite quantities action of an of uw) islet ammed Eq, (5-13). srtical stress converted to ales se-on-ground FouNpariow serTLeMeNts 303 IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT COMPUTATIONS ‘The settlement of the comer of a rectangular base of dimensions B' x L' on the surface of aan elastic half-space can be computed from an equation from the Theory of Elasticity [e.g ‘Timoshenko and Goodier (1951)] as follows: (5-16) Where go = intensity of contact pressure in units of E B’ = Jeast lateral dimension of contributing base area in units of AH 1; = inffuence factors, which depend on L’/B', thickness of stratum H, Poisson's ratio j, and base embedment depth D rs—see Tables 2-7, 2-8, and 5-6 Ey, = elastic soil parat ‘The influence factors (see Fig. 5-7 for identification of terms) /, and J can be computed using equations given by Steinbrenner (1934) as follows: (M+ In M+ JM @ (tan™ in radians) o ff where M == B Figure £7 Infuence factor J for foting a a depth D. Use actual footing width and depth dimension for this Use programs FFACTOR foTABLE 52 Values of f, and [; to compute the Steinbrenner influence factor [, for use in Eq. (5-16a) for several V No oM=10 1d 02 08 10 30 80 90 1 = 0.008 f= 0081 0.033 0.056 0.066 0.079 0.108 0.083 0182 0083 022 0078 0.285 0.064 0363 0.048 0.408 0.037 0.008 0082 0.032 0.068 0.064 0.08! 402 0.087 0.140 0.088 0.080 0.288 0.059 0372 0082 oat ost 12 0.008 0.082 031 0.069 0.063 0.083 0.100 0.090 0.138 0.091 0465 0.036 0.489 0031 HiB' and M 1314 ‘0.008 0.008 0.082 0.082 0.930 0.029 0070 0.070 0.061 0.060 0.085 0.087 0.096 0.095 0.136 0.13 (0.035. 0.098 °. 0.093 0.292 0083 038s 0.389 0.060 0.064 0.40 0.488 0.088 0.051 0.487 00: osis 0.036 3 0031 0sa9 0.027 0.560 0570 0022 osi4 001 0.886 0.000 1s 16 (0.008 0.007 0022 0.083 0.028 0.028 0071 0071 0.059 0.058 0.088, 0.089 0.093 0.098 0432, 0.130 0.100 0.102 20 0219 0.096 0.099 0292 0.292 0.086 0.090 0393, 0.396 0.068 0.071 0.460 0.087 0.503 0.048 0524 0534 0038 0.040 sas 0556 0.033. 0.035 0561 0573 (0029 0031 0578 0587 0.028 0597 02s 0631 0.687 0012 0.013 0.696 0.000 0.001, LIB ratios 7 0.007 0083 027 007 0037 0.080 (0.092 0.100 0.108 0217 0103 0.292 0.084 0398 ors 0.056 0.091 0.08 010 0 0.106 0216 0.108 0291 0.097 0.400 0078 0469 0.063 osi6 0083 0550 0.085 os7s 0.038 0594 0035 0.509 0031 0.621 0.028 or 0014 o731 0.001 19 0.007 0.083 0.027 0073 0.086 0.081 0.080 0.102 0.126 0.108 a2 108 0.290 0.100 0.401 0.081 ° 0.056 0. 085 0387 0.087 0583 ost 0.602 0.036 ois 0.033 0.631 0.030 0.650 0.015 02 0.001 20 0.007 0.083 oor 0.073 ° oni6 763 0.001TABLE $2 Values of J; and fz to compute the Steinbrenner influence factor J, for use in Eq. (5-16a) for several N = H/B’ and M = L/B ratios (continued) Le eo eee 40 50 80 7080-90 10.0 25.0 50.0 1000 1 = 0.007 0.006 i; = 0033 0.084 (0.006 0.006 0.006 0,006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 OO 004 O01 0.04 004 OOH OOM DOM 04 0.026 0.024 0024 003 074 0075 0075 0075 002s 0.024 0.024 16 0.076 0.076 0.024 0.024 06 00st 0.050 0.050 0.039 0019 0.089 2 0.097 0.097 0.098 0.088 0.098 0.058 0.098 3 08 0.086 0.082 0.080 0.080 0.079 0107.11 aL13 0. ois 5 1021 outs 012 o410 0. 9 ois 0120 04124 0424 0.124 0.125 0.125 0.125 3 15 0207 0.197 0.190 0.88. 0.188 ° ois 0130 0.138 0.140. 0.140 9 20 028 0271 0261 2 114 0131 ou 147 0148, 30 0392 u 0.122 0153 015 16 400484 0484 0479 0474 9 0082 0.110 0121 0.129 326 50 0883 05: 0588 osi9 0519 258 0.070 0.098 alll 0.120 0156 0.157 sa 60 0585 0.609 0.608 0.601 0576 080 0.060 0.087 oul 0.126 0187 0658 0.658 0.656 0.653 0.624 0.623 0.092 0.103 0.112. 0.119 0137 0.158 aso7 0.700 0.698 0,695 0.692 0.672 0.666 0.665 0.104 O12 0.156 0.158 0.736 0.735 0.057 0105 0.1 0.70 0.770 0.170 031 0.091 0.099 0.106 0.112 0.147 0.156 0.158 ea 0.959 0.969 pe nese nes 0030.00316 FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN TABLE 8.6 TABLE 8.6 Equations for stress-strain modulus E, by several test methods Equations pin KPa for SPT and units of g. for CPT; divide kPa by $0 1 obtain ks, The NV values should be , in KPa fo not Nig Refer also to Tables 2-7 and 28 ot Na, Refe cr Soil Sand (normally E = E a consolidated) = 8000 Ja, Soe Ciay and 8 ches a Silty or sa aa E, = 1.200! + 2) a. -E, = (15000 o 22000) In £, = + DPa. Sand (saturated) £, = 250 +15) = Fa ero OF genera = 06 Sands, all (nom, €£, = (2600 1 2800)N where Kis consol) Sand (overconslidated) 10000 + 10507 E, = (6 1030 - Eyocty ~ Exse YOCR of 10. Gravelly sand E, = 12000 +6) Another e co +6) NEI 00N + 6) = 2000 CChayey sand B, = 32KW + 15) Sits, sandy si, E, = 3000 +6) slayey sit Hq. < 2500 KPa use 2500 1 you should carefully ascertain the site conditions that will prevail atthe time settlement becomes the design concem. This evaluation is, of course, true for any site, but particularly so if OCR > 1 5-9 SIZE EFFECTS ON SETTLEMENTS AND BEARING CAPACITY 5.9.1 Effects on Settlements 'A major problem in foundation design is to proportion the footings and/or contact pressure So that settlements between adjacent footings are nearly equal. Figure 5-9 illustrates the problem USSR (may "spares Des 1, Forge sea 2 Can we Eg rene i 3. Forsandst 4, Forsits os form you Hoat the OCR ing drilling will aid in ns that will ‘course, true pressure so the problem TABLE 546 Equations for stress-strain modulus E, by several test methods (continued) Ein kPa for SPT and units of q. for CPT; divide KPa by 50 to obtain ksf. The N values shoud be estimated as Nis and ot Np, Refer also to Tables 2-7 and 2-8 Soil ‘Use the undrained shear strength s, in units of s, Clay and silt E, = (100 t0 5 Silty or sandy clay r (of general application in cays is where K is defined as Ke 0.0071 * and Jp = plasticity index in pereent, Use 205 00% and round K tothe nearest multiple Another eg eral application is Be $9001» + 11 6001.~ 88005 (kPa) F Ipte.S = previously defined above andlor in Chap. 2 Atha’: egoaton fam plot f SSR (ay not be an “saganse Design Standards lower ave for st radar Pen vo. 21,pp 180-181: COI. Noves {ASCE (1986) p 1173 Mishel nd Gardner (1979), Penetration Ts THR ICSMEE 1985) vol. p. 462. 768-0. 4,9. 2185: tl Spon on Penetration Testing ssa oral ey, Tey are particularly apleale for OCR > 1. Probably shuld wse oth Eas.) and (end ea ofthe equtions and compare the emputedE, to published table (ee Table 2) more ada eat soo smal (bt conserva when you use equations of his OCR}, so hat exponent n = OS. You c ms fr E te approximations the use of n = 03 nen from about 03 w OS. aly eld 317p-Rise Builds 60 Settlement Calculation on E, and BE, are close to each other real subgrade, According to statistical data, the val 1 IE, for hard subgrade, and the harder is for soft subgrade, while E, is about 2 he subgrade, the bigger is the multiple. Determination by site investigation loading test Thro corresponding settler fest, the unit area’s relation curve of pre 1S can be obtained. Firstly get pressure P and corresponding settlement ‘from the straight part of the P-s curve, then calculate deformation modulus by the equatir 2-58) winere: « —a coefficient that is relevant to foundation size, shape and stiffness. For the values, Table J4,—the subgrade Poisson rato he area of load board. It should be further multiply by modi this test is done in a deep coefficient 0.7 dil is listed in Table 2-6, pirical value of deformation modulus Ey Table 2-6 Reference value of deformation modulus Ey Saba ay iy Hognediom dee any ig) om den 4o(mesim dense) plastic state tise stte | Chapter? Pr of Static cone pet test, the probe is pi measured by resis can ben Institute had once subgrade, Hence, this method is 5, Determination bammer whose device, whose outer dia the subgrade. Whe number N. After test and statistical a Metallurgical Industry Normal clay ( Od clay ( application 6, Deformation If the foundation average deformatirBien B=B, a Behe te Bae I “4 AN) Sule Hed Ea Efecto de eltamane de la fundacnom en la profandidad he la Zona de eofuerze 4 eb valey de Es pbrevee que caande se peesmnta un Bub- et rife LA a ferente material, el asentermente de la place no veblese lo Fl aaintamento de una funda ever Sub-etimando tL g eefowges Sobee ente materiel. Veal da mayer tamaie peck cotay ace aSsGutech Bay. jor Cn) e403 '369-~/3¢2 Key amd Ca vagnare (1603) Saving Rank Burlding ~ D'appolenca = 146° vente ne Granhatens beanms aboot uttak Sols Kaderabele . Bavrtiee Shy SH 1 shobles Goby or Sand + Peper and UWS Seeds ny Comyn Qrrpee SAM sete wo, BSS eee nde Const omcetite 4 (ase bs) A Lounde baw any 394 Dysue plate oem Gal Hee ae — Infact mw ah gnalun mratmato dd vubeds db abil fivteg) Pans aces ese hone, eta i z a Hern ddiencrelin eon MATIRB - note Ye 4 ole Genes difeutinln bn derivaen pore sin 3