A.

DIFFERENCES AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STATES

LEAD TO THE CIVIL WAR

I What were the differences between the Northern States and the Southern
States in the XIXth century ?
Northern states versus Southern states

Northern States
Population White or black? Slaves or Proportion of free people compared to the
free? south :
Major cities Where?

Economy Based on ? 3 or 4 examples of goods (des biens) produced in factories:

Railroads Did most of the railroads run in the North or the South?

What were they used for?

II What were the differences between the Northern States and the Southern
States ?
Northern states versus Southern states

Southern States
Population 7 most important slave Proportion of Most important city in the
and most states : slaves in the Southern States?
important city population

Economy What was it based on?

How were the big farms of the south called?

What plants did farmers grow?

What was the most important one?

 Who worked on these farms?

III The Civil War

map of the 2 armies

The Civil War

Dates? How long did it last for ?
Who fought who? (give the
name of the armies)
Who won it? Which president
played an important role?
What was the result for the
Blacks?

Put the following events on the time line

1860 1861 1865 1877

___↓__________↓__________________↓______________↓_______

Civil War
Reconstruction period
Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
Election of President Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. During Lincoln's presidency, the Southern
states seceded from (left) the Union because Lincoln and the Northern states were against
slavery. In this war, the Northern states (which stayed in the Union) fought the Southern states
(called the Confederacy). The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865.

In 1865 the 13th amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery.

The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution says that "Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."It was
passed before the end of the Civil War. With the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United
States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery.

B. WHITE REACTION: HOW DID THE WHITE SOUTHERNERS REACT TO THE ABOLITION OF
 SLAVERY

1° The Black code

After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, during the Reconstruction period of 1865–1877 in the
defeated South (the Confederacy), federal law protected the civil rights of the liberated African slaves.

The Black Code (Jim crow Laws) of 1865

“In 1865, White Southerners thought about the ways to regain power over the ex-slaves. It was
through the creation of the Black Codes that whites discovered they could control almost all
aspects of life of Southern blacks. Codes controlled almost all aspects of life and prohibited
African Americans from the freedom that had been won. Here are some examples :
1. freedom of speech and movement:
Living in towns and cities was also discouraged. In Louisiana it was almost impossible for
blacks to live within the towns or cities. Residency was only possible if a white employer
agreed to take responsibility for his employee's conduct.
2. occupational choice : job choice
Commonly, codes obliged freedmen to work. In many states, if a black man was unemployed,
he could be arrested for vagrancy (vagabondage (…). Even the freedom to choose an
occupation was often regulated. Many white Southerners believed blacks were predestined to
work as agricultural laborers and domestics.
3. the right to vote
4. Often the public schools for black children didn’t get enough money”

1° Where did lots of Blacks have to live? What did they have to do to live in a town?

2° Jobs : Tick the right sentence and justify by using the text.
 The Blacks were not obliged to work, if they did, they could choose their working hours and could
own their shop in a town. 
 The Blacks had to work, and they could choose their working hours. They did most jobs in the
countryside or in town. 
 The Blacks had to work, if they didn't they could be sent to prison. On top of that they couldn't
choose they working hours and had to be farm hands and servants. 
 The Blacks had to work, if they didn't, they could be sent to prison. Nevertheless (néanmoins) they
could do any job and choose their working hours. 
Now you can say how the white southerners managed to by-pass (contourner) the XIIIth amendment
to the constitution. Write a 6 to 7 line paragraph
Use photos of segregated public places in the south to give examples of accommodations and facilities that
were segregated

2° The Ku Klux Klan

 “The Ku Klux Klan is a secret white supremacist organization. It subsisted during
Reconstruction, during and after World War I, and in the 1960s during the civil rights
movement.
The Klan was organized in Tennessee in 1866. It was active throughout the South in mostly
rural areas. Klansmen dressed in white robes and covered hoods, rode on horses, and dragged
black people from their homes, assaulting them by whipping or lynching them. Such assaults
were successful in keeping black men from voting.
Many southern whites sympathized with their objectives and did not try to stop their actions. In
the 1920s cross burning became a popular form of intimidation.
However, by the late 1920s, fewer people enrolled the Klan, all the more as the government
enacted laws prohibiting masks and the organization’s secrecy.
By the 1960s, as the civil rights movement was emerging, the Klan’s membership reached
almost twenty thousand. Some of the groups used violence and attacked blacks and civil rights
workers.
While the Klan still exists today, with a few thousands of members. The Klan has ties to other
white supremacist organizations such as the Aryan Nations and the Skinheads

1°) Use the information from the text and from the pictures below to answer the following questions

the Ku Klux Klan

When was the Ku Klux Klan
created ?
In which part of the USA did they
recruit their members?
(hint: whose flag can you see
behind the 3 Klansmen?
How did they aggress Black
people?

What did they stop the Blacks

from doing?

C. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AFTER WORLD WAR II

I 1950’s: segregation in the USA

Segregation in the 1950’s

Racial segregation started after the Civil War (1861-1865), especially in the U.S. Southern States
and lasted up to the 1960s. Black people, Japanese and other "undesirables" had to use separate
schools, public toilets, park benches (bancs) etc.
Other laws prohibited people of different races from marrying.
In some states, if a restaurant admitted people of colour and Whites, separate parts of the restau-
rant had to be arranged for each group; in other places it was forbidden for stores (shops) or
restaurants to serve different races in the same place.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

“On the 1st of December 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African-American seamstress, was
arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider (passenger)
take her seat. When asked to move to let a white bus rider be seated Mrs. Parks refused. She
did not argue and she did not move. The police were called and Mrs. Parks arrested.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was pastor in Montgomery. He and the Black community decided
to fight back by boycotting the bus company. The boycott lasted for over a year and
eventually, on November 13, 1956 the Supreme Court declared that Alabama's laws requiring
segregation on buses were illegal. The boycott had lasted 381 days and was a success. Buses
throughout the USA were then forced to desegregate.

Definition of segregation :
What was segregation
like in the USA? Indicate other examples of segregated places
Find 2 photos about signs showing segregation
 Locate Alabama on the segregation map 1950's. Was it a segregated
state?

An example of What did Rosa Parks refuse to do on the bus? What happened to her
segregation : then?

Rosa Parks and the

Montgomery bus boycott How did the Black community react? (they reacted by + V ING)
How long did this action last for?

What was the consequence for Alabama’s laws? And for the USA?

II The 1960’s : Martin Luther King : the 1963 March on Washington

He gave the the "I Have a Dream" speech in front of the

Lincoln memorial as part of the March on Washington in
1963. Over 250,000 people participated, making it the largest
protest assembly in
the country's history.

I Have a Dream

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these
truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former
slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi (…) will be transformed into an oasis of freedom
and justice.

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of
their skin but by the content of their character.

MARTIN L.KING
In each paragraph highlight the most
important words/expressions.
Then copy them in the grid

Explain what society he was dreaming

of.
1964 Civil Rights Act
What did it prohibit (forbid)