Current Affair Sep2022

For Internal Circulation Only Not for Sale Current Affairs Sep 2022
Current Affairs September 2022
Rahul's IAS
Rahul’s IAS
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INDEX
1. Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………………………..…..3
2. General News: India………………………………………………………………………………………..4
3. General News: World…………………………………………………………………………………....46
4. Awards………………………………………………………………………………………………………….52
5. Legal and Indian Polity..…………………………………………………………………………........59
6. Personality: India…………………………………………………………………………………….......62
7. Personality: World…………………………………………………………………………………........68
8. Economics……………………………………………………………………………………………….......73
9. Science & Technology……………………………………………………………………………………83
10. Sports…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..88
11. Landmark achievement in further reduction of child mortality rates ……….……94
12. Human Development Report (HDR)………………………………………………….…..……….97
13. Global Innovation Index (GII) 2022…………………………………………………………...…101
14. National Health Accounts (NHA) Estimates for India for 2018-19…………………105
15. Essay………………………………………………………………………………………………………….112
16. Translation…………………………………………………………………………………………………119
17. Precise Writing.……………………………………………………………………………………………128
18. Practice Paper-1………………………………………………………………………………………..…130
19. Practice Paper-2……………………………………………………………………………………..……171
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Abbreviations
1. CAPF- Central Armed Police Forces

2. AQEES- All India Quarterly Establishment based Employment Survey
3. ICDP- Integrated Child Development Programme
4. ASW- Anti-Submarine Warfare
5. CSL- Cochin Shipyard Limited
6. POSHAN- Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition
7. CFEES- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety
8. NSTL- Naval Science and Technological Laboratory
9. SPARSH- System for Pensions Administration– RakSHa
10. INS- Indian Naval Ship
11. LCA- Light Combat Aircraft
12. PM SHRI - PM ScHools for Rising India
13. IORA- Indian Ocean Rim Association
14. CSIR- Council for Scientific & Industrial Research
15. BHIM- Bharat Interface for Money
16. NSCN- National Socialist Council of Nagaland
17. BISAG-N- Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics
18. NTEP- National TB Elimination Programme
19. USISPF- US-India Strategic Partnership Forum
20. IPEF- Indo-Pacific Economic Framework
21. NRLM- National Rural Livelihoods Mission
22. AWWA- Army Wives Welfare Association
23. RTGS- Real Time Gross Settlement
24. NMHC- National Maritime Heritage Complex
25. IPRCL- Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation Limited
26. NLEM- National Lists of Essential Medicines
27. NICD- National Institute of Communicable Diseases
28. NMEP- National Malaria Eradication Programme
29. MII- Malaria Institute of India
30. ASI- Archaeological Survey of India
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General News: India
1. Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah launched the “CAPF eAwas” web-portal.
Increasing the Housing Satisfaction Ratio (HSR) for Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)
personnel is one of the priority areas of the Government. In order to increase the HSR, apart
from construction of new houses, the existing house allotment policy of CAPFs has been
modified whereby vacant houses of one Force can be allotted to desirous personnel of
other Forces.
In order to operationalize the revised policy of allotment and to also bring transparency in
the allotment process, a common web-portal by the name ‘CAPF eAwas’ for online
allotment of Departmental Pool Residential Accommodation and Separated Family
Accommodation (SFA) held by CAPFs and Assam Rifles, has been developed. The web-portal
will enable online registration and allotment of residential quarters/SFAs to eligible
personnel of all CAPFs & Assam Rifles. CAPF eAwas portal, which has been developed on the
lines of the online allotment system of ‘General Pool Residential Accommodation
(eSampada)’, will facilitate maintenance of an accurate inventory of ‘Residential
Quarters/Separated Family Accommodation (SFA)’ held by CAPFs, as well as their allotment
through online process to eligible Force personnel.
The portal also has the provision for intimation to the applicant thru SMS and e-mail at
various stages of allotment process. The portal would also facilitate planning for
construction of new quarters based on demand-gap analysis. The portal has a provision that
if a house of any particular Force is not allotted for any reason for a period of four months,
then anyCentral Armed Police Force personnel can apply for the same vacant house online.
The houses which are available for inter-Force allotment would be visible to all CAPF
personnel. This provision of inter-Force allotment will result in optimum utilization of
available houses and thereby increasing the HSR.
This initiative of the Government is a step towards the welfare of Force personnel by way of
enabling inter-Force allotment of residential accommodation which will go a long way in
meeting the housing needs of Force personnel. CAPFs is a uniform nomenclature for the six
Forces of the Union of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. These Forces are, the
Assam Rifles (AR), the Border Security Force (BSF), the Central Industrial Security Force
(CISF), the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and
the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).
2. Union Minister for Labour & Employment Bhupender Yadav, released report on Fourth
Round (January-March, 2022) of Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) part of All India
Quarterly Establishment based Employment Survey (AQEES).
The AQEES has been taken up by the Labour Bureau to provide quarterly estimates about
the employment and related variables of establishments in both organized and unorganized
segments of nine selected sectors which account for a majority of the total employment in
the non-farm establishments. The nine selected sectors are Manufacturing, Construction,
Trade, Transport, Education, Health, Accommodation& Restaurant, IT / BPO and Financial
Services.
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All India Quarterly Establishment based Employment Survey (AQEES)” has two components
- first, the “Quarterly Employment Survey (QES)”and the second “Area Frame Establishment
Survey (AFES)”. The former relates to the establishments employing 10 or more workers
whereas the later relates to the establishments employing 9 or less workers.
The QES as a part of the AQEES was launched in April, 2021 to capture important
information in terms of employment & related variables in the organized sector of the
economy. In each quarter information is being collected from about 12,000 establishments.
The first such report for the period April-June, 2021 was released in the month of
September, 2021
4th Quarterly Report, is showing an increasing trend in the selected sectors of the economy.
The estimated employment has increased from 3.14 crore of the third quarter (September-
December, 2021) to 3.18 crore of 4th Quarter (January-March, 2022). The total employment
in these 9 selected sectors taken collectively was reported as 2.37 crore in the sixth
Economic Census (2013-14).
The Report on quarterly employment survey being a demand side survey along with the
supply side survey i.e. Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) will bridge the data gaps on
employment in the country.
Key highlights of the 4th Quarterly Employment Survey Report are as follows:
 An estimated total of 3.18 crore workers was engaged in 5.31 lakh establishments
during the 4th round, compared to a total of 3.14 crores in the third quarter.
 Manufacturing sector accounts for the largest percentage (38.5%) of the total number
of workers, followed by Education sector with 21.7%, IT/BPO sector with 12% and
Health sector 10.6%.
 Looking at the size of the establishments (number of workers), an estimated 80% of the
establishments engaged 10 to 99 workers. This figure increases to 88 % if we restrict
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ourselves to establishments with 10 or more workers. About 12 % of the establishments

reported less than 10 workers.
 Only 1.4 % of the establishments reported at least 500 workers. Such large
establishments were mostly in the IT/ BPO sector and in the Health sector.
 Female workers participation reported marginally increase from 31.6% in the third
quarter to 31.8% in the 4th quarter report. However, female workers constituted about
52 % of the workforce in the Health sector, the corresponding percentages in Education,
Financial Services and IT/ BPO sector stood at 44%, 41% and 36% respectively. It is
noteworthy that in Financial Services, females far outnumber males among self-
employed persons.
3. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi,
has approved disposal of Chana (Pulses) to States/UTs at discounted rate to be utilized for
various Welfare Schemes from the stock of pulses procured under Price Support Scheme
(PSS) & Price Stabilization Fund (PSF), and enhancement of ceiling on quantity of
procurement under PSS from existing 25% to 40% in respect of Tur, Urad & Masur.
Under this approved Scheme, the States/UTs Government are offered to lift 15 lakh MT of
Chana at the discount of Rs. 8 per kg over Issue Price of the sourcing State on First come
first serve basis. The States/UTs to utilize these pulses in their various Welfare
Schemes/Programmes like Mid-Day Meal, Public Distribution System, Integrated Child
Development Programmes (ICDP) etc. in their States/UTs. This will be one-time
dispensation for a period of 12 months or till complete disposal of 15 lakh MT stock of
Chana whichever is earlier. The Government will spend Rs. 1200 crore for implementation
of this Scheme. The decisions will enable the States/UTs to use Chana in various Welfare
Schemes like PDS, Mid-Day Meal Schemes etc. besides making available space of
warehouses, which may be required in coming Rabi season for accommodating fresh stocks
procured under Price Support Scheme which will help in getting remunerative price of
pulses to the farmers besides, encourage more farmers to grow such pulses by making
higher investment and help them in fetching remunerative price for their produce.
Moreover, this also helps in achieving self-sufficiency of such pulses in our country. In
recent times the country has witnessed an all time high production of Chana (Pulses)
especially during the last three years. Government of India under Price Support Scheme has
made record procurement of Chana during Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2021-22. Due to this,
30.55 lakh MT of Chana is available with the Government under PSS & PSF in the coming
Rabi season also, the production of Chana is expected to be good. This coupled with
increase in Minimum Support Price for Chana during 22-23 will entail additional
procurement under Price Support Scheme.
4. Keel laying of the first warship (BY 523, Mahe) of Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Craft
(ASW SWC) project under construction by CSL, Kochi, was undertaken on 30 Aug 2022 by
VAdm Kiran Deshmukh, CWP&A in presence. These platforms will undertake sub-surface
surveillance in coastal areas with the purpose of detecting and neutralizing underwater
threats.
5. The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the
proposal of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for signing an MoU
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with the Government of Nepal on biodiversity conservation, with a view to strengthen and
enhance the coordination and cooperation in the field of forests, wildlife, environment,
biodiversity conservation and climate change, including restoration of corridors and
interlinking areas and share knowledge and best practices, between the two countries.
The MoU would help in promoting cooperation between the Parties in the field of forests,
wildlife, environment, biodiversity conservation and climate change, including restoration
of corridors and interlinking areas and sharing knowledge and best practices.
6. Saṃvatsari is the last day of Paryushana Shwetambar sect of Jainism. It falls
on Shukla Panchami each year in the Jain calendar month of Bhadrapada, somewhere
between the middle of August and September in the Gregorian calendar.
On this day, Jains forgive and seek forgiveness for their mistakes committed knowingly or
unknowingly from all the living beings. A yearly, elaborate penitential retreat called
"samvatsari pratikramana" is performed on this day. After the pratikramana, Jains seek
forgiveness from all the creatures of the world, including friends and relatives by uttering
the phrase- Micchami Dukkadam or its variants like "Khamau Sa", "Uttam Kshama" or
"Khamat Khamna".
7. POSHAN Abhiyaan is Government of India’s flagship programme to improve nutritional
outcomes for children under 6 years of age, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
Launched by Prime Minister, POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic
Nutrition) Abhiyaan aims to address the challenge of malnutrition in a mission-mode.
Focusing on the aims of POSHAN Abhiyaan, Mission Poshan 2.0 (Saksham Anganwadi and
Poshan 2.0) has been launched as an integrated nutrition support program to strengthen
nutritional content, delivery, outreach and outcomes with focus on developing practices
that nurture health, wellness and immunity to disease and malnutrition.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrated the 5th Rashtriya Poshan Maah
2022 from 1st to 30th September 2022. This year, the objective was to trigger Poshan Maah
through Gram Panchayats as Poshan Panchayats with key focus on “Mahila aur Swasthya”
and “Bacha aur Shiksha”.
8. In the backdrop of number of cases of fire incidents observed in electric two wheelers in
different parts of the country, Ministry of Road Transport and Highway had constituted an
Expert Committee, Chaired by Shri Tata Narsingh Rao (Director, ARC', Hyderabad), and Shri
M.K. Jain (Scientist - G, CFEES, DRDO), Dr. Arti Bhatt (Scientist-F, Additional Director, CFEES,
DRDO), Dr. Subba Reddy (Principal Research Scientist, IISc, Bengaluru), Prof. L Umanand
(Chair, DESE, IISc, Bangaluru), Dr. M. Srinivas (Scientis-E, NSTL, Vishakhapatnam), Prof.
Devendra Jalihal (Head, C-BEEV, 11T Madras, Chennai) as members, to recommend
additional safety requirements in the existing battery safety standards notified under CMV
Rules.
Based on the recommendations of the expert committee report, the Ministry, on 29th
August 2022, has issued amendment 2 to AIS 156- Specific requirements for motor vehicles
of L category [motor vehicles with less than four wheels and is a quadricycle] with electric
power train, and amendment 2 to AIS 038 Rev. 2 - Specific requirements for Electric Power
Train of motor vehicles of M category [motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for
carrying passengers] and N category [motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for
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carrying goods which may also carry persons in addition to the goods]. These amendments
include additional safety requirements related to battery cells, BMS, on-board charger,
design of battery pack, thermal propagation due to internal cell short circuit leading to fire
etc. The notification to mandate amended AIS 156 and AIS 038 Rev.2 standards for the
respective categories of electric vehicles with effect from 1 st October 2022 is in progress.
Ministry also has issued draft notification GSR 659 (E) dated 25th August 2022, to amend
Sub-rule 4 of Rule 124 of Central Motor Vehicles Rule (CMVR) 1989, for mandating
Conformity of Production (COP) for traction batteries used in electric power train vehicles.
The proposed regulation will be applicable with effect from 1st October, 2022.
9. Nuakhai is an agricultural festival mainly observed by people of Western
Odisha in India. Nuakhai is observed to welcome the new rice of the season. According to
the calendar it is observed on panchami tithi (the fifth day) of the lunar fortnight of the
month of Bhadrapada or Bhadraba (August–September), the day after the Ganesh
Chaturthi festival. This is the most important social festival of Western Odisha and adjoining
areas of Simdega in Jharkhand, where the culture of Western Odisha is much predominant
because there are so many things learn about agriculture with Human behavior also,
nuakhai is very big festival and a unique festival also that's why every Indian knowing
to Nuakhai History if you love any food then.
10. The Department of Pharmaceuticals has conveyed ‘in-principle’ approval to the proposals of
the three States Viz, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh under the Scheme for
“Promotion of Bulk Drug Parks”, a key initiative to support the Bulk Drugs manufacturing in
the country.
The Scheme, with a financial outlay of Rs. 3,000 crores notified in 2020, provides for
financial assistance to three States for establishing Bulk Drug Parks and aims to bring down
the cost of manufacturing of bulk drugs by creation of world class common infrastructure
facilities supported by the Central Government and thereby increase the competitiveness of
the domestic bulk drug industry.
The Indian Pharmaceutical industry is the 3rd largest in the world by volume. India exported
pharmaceuticals worth Rs. 1,75,040 crore in the financial year 2021-22, including Bulk
Drugs/Drug Intermediates. Also, India is one of the major producers of Active Pharma
Ingredients (API) or bulk drugs in the world. India exported Bulk Drugs/ Drug Intermediates
worth Rs. 33,320 crore in financial year 2021-22. However, the country also imports various
Bulk Drugs/ APIs for producing medicines from various countries. Most of the imports of the
Bulk Drug/APIs being done in the country are because of economic considerations. The
Government strives to minimize country’s dependence on imports and to give fillip to
indigenous manufacturing. In order to make the country self-reliant in APIs and drug
intermediates, the Department of Pharmaceuticals is implementing various schemes and
one of the key interventions is the Scheme for Bulk Drug Parks. The Bulk Drug Parks to be
developed under the scheme will provide common infrastructure facilities at one place
thereby creating a robust ecosystem for the Bulk Drug manufacturing in the country and
also reducing the manufacturing cost significantly.
This scheme is expected to encourage domestic manufacturing of bulk drugs to reduce
import dependence and to establish a dominant position in the global market by providing
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easy access to standard testing & infrastructure facilities. This scheme will also help industry
meet the standards of environment at a reduced cost through innovative methods of
common waste management system and also to exploit the benefits arising due to
optimization of resources and economies of scale. Under the scheme, proposals were
received from 13 States.
The Department was guided by an Advisory Committee under CEO, NITI Aayog in the
appraisal of the proposals, based on the quantitative as well as qualitative methodology.
The financial assistance to the proposed Bulk Drug Park in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh
would be 70% of the project cost of common infrastructure facilities. In case of Himachal
Pradesh, being Hilly States, financial assistance would be 90% of the project cost. Maximum
assistance under the scheme for one Bulk Drug Park would be limited to Rs. 1000 crores. As
per the proposals submitted by these States, the Bulk Drugs will be established in 1402.44
acres of land at Tehsil Haroli, District Una, Himachal Pradesh, 2015.02 acres of land at Tehsil
Jambusar, District Bharuch, Gujarat and 2000.45 acres of land at K.P. Puram & Kodhada of
Thondagi Mandal of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. These three States were
instructed to submit their Detailed Project Reports in next 90 days, to appraise the same
and to process for issuance of final approval under the scheme.
The scheme reflects the spirit of co-operative federalism where the Central Government
and State Governments will partner to develop the Bulk Drug parks for better performance
of the sector. Other interventions of the Department, in ensuring domestic manufacturing
of the Bulk Drugs, include-
 Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for domestic manufacturing of KSMs/ Drug
Intermediates (DIs) and APIs. Under this scheme, a total of 51 projects have been
approved, out of which, 14 projects have already commissioned and started
manufacturing of the drugs.
 PLI for Pharmaceuticals, provides for financial incentive to 55 selected applicants for
manufacturing of identified products under three categories and eligible drugs under
this scheme include APIs.
11. Providing impetus to Digital India initiative, the System for Pensions Administration–
RakSHa or SPARSH has disbursed more than Rs 3,090 Crore to Defense Pensioners digitally
in the month of August, 2022. In another milestone, 5,62,946 Defence Pensioners migrated
successfully onto the digital platform of SPARSH in August 2022. The total number of
pensioners onboarded to SPARSH has crossed over the one million mark with 11 lakh
beneficiaries, which is nearly 33% of the total defence pensioners in India. This
transformational change has been made possible only through incremental innovations.
SPARSH is the web-based system processing the pension claims and crediting the pension
directly into the bank accounts of defence pensioners without any external intermediary. It
has grown exponentially with more than Rs 11,600 Crores disbursed in the Financial Year
2021-22, from just about Rs 57 crores in FY 2020-21. The Defence Accounts Department is
the nodal implementing agency of Project SPARSH, integrating over 3000 pension initiating,
sanctioning and disbursement agencies. It has brought pension services right at the door
step of the veterans– from digital process of pensioner verification to real time tracking of
grievance redressal.
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12. Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned the country’s first indigenous aircraft carrier
Indian Naval Ship (INS) Vikrant at Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) on September 02, 2022.
During the event, the Prime Minister also unveiled the new Naval Ensign (Nishaan), doing
away with the colonial past and befitting the rich Indian maritime heritage. He dedicated
the new ensign to Chhatrapati Shivaji.
About INS Vikrant:
With the commissioning, India has entered into a select band of Nations having niche
capability to indigenously design and build an Aircraft Carrier and real testimony to the
Nation’s resolve for self-reliance and ‘Make in India’.
 INS Vikrant is designed by Indian Navy's in-house Warship Design Bureau (WDB) and
built by Cochin Shipyard Limited, a Public Sector Shipyard under the Ministry of Ports,
Shipping & Waterways, Vikrant has been built with state of the art automation features
and is the largest ship ever built in maritime history of India.
 The 262.5 m long and 61.6 m wide Vikrant displaces approx 43,000 T, having a
maximum designed speed of 28 Knots with endurance of 7,500 Nautical Miles. The ship
has around 2,200 compartments, designed for a crew of around 1,600 including women
officers and sailors.
 The carrier is designed with a very high degree of automation for machinery operations,
ship navigation and survivability. The carrier is equipped with the latest state of the art
equipment and systems.
 The ship is capable of operating air wing consisting of 30 aircraft comprising of MiG-29K
fighter jets, Kamov-31, MH-60R multi-role helicopters, in addition to indigenously
manufactured Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) and Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) (Navy).
 Using a novel aircraft-operation mode known as Short Take Off But Arrested Recovery
(STOBAR), INS Vikrant is equipped with a ski-jump for launching aircraft, and a set of
‘arrester wires’ for their recovery onboard.
 With 76% indigenous content, construction of INS Vikrant has resulted in direct
employment generation for over 2,000 employees of CSL. In addition, it has resulted in
indirect employment generation for approx 12,500 employees for over 550 OEMs, sub-
contractors, ancillary industries and over 100 MSMEs as well, thereby bolstering plough
back effect on economy.
New Ensign of Navy:
Resonant to the ongoing national endeavour to move away from colonial past, need was
felt to transition to a new design that drew inspiration from our history. The White Ensign
identified nation-wide with the Navy, now comprises of two main constituents- the National
Flag in the upper left canton, and a Navy Blue- Gold octagon at the centre of the fly side
(away from the staff).
The Octagon is with twin golden octagonal borders encompassing the golden National
Emblem (Lion Capital of Ashoka – underscribed with ‘Satyamev Jayate’ in blue Devnagri
script) resting atop an anchor; and superimposed on a shield. Below the shield, within the
octagon, in a golden bordered ribbon, on a Navy Blue background, is inscribed the motto of
the Indian Navy ‘Sam No Varunah’ in golden Devnagriscript. The design encompassed within
the octagon has been taken from the Indian Naval crest, wherein the fouled anchor, which
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is also associated with colonial legacy, has been replaced with a clear anchor underscoring
the steadfastness of the Indian Navy.
13. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visit to Mongolia:
On the first day of engagements of his Mongolia visit, Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh held
bilateral talks with his Mongolian counterpart Lt Gen Saikhanbayar Gursed in Ulaanbaatar
on September 06, 2022. He also called on the President of Mongolia and Chairman of State
Great Khural. The Raksha Mantri also inaugurated a Cyber Security Training Centre, built
with assistance from India, and laid the foundation stone of the India-Mongolia Friendship
School, to be constructed with Indian assistance.
Bilateral talks
After reaching Mongolia on the night of September 05, 2022 he become the first Indian
Defence Minister to visit the country. It was followed by delegation-level talks between the
Raksha Mantri and his Mongolian counterpart. They discussed effective & practical
initiatives to further expand bilateral defence engagements and deliberated on regional &
global issues of mutual interest.
Both Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to fully implement the Strategic Partnership
based on mutual trust & understanding, common interests and shared values of democracy
& rule of law. The two Ministers also reiterated their resolve to reinvigorate the India-
Mongolia Joint Working Group (JWG), which will meet in India later this year.
Call ons
Rajnath Singh called on the President of Mongolia & Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces
Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, wherein they recalled their strong bonhomie and previous
interaction in 2018 when together they laid the foundation stone for the ongoing Oil
Refinery project being undertaken by assistance from India. He also met the Chairman of
State Great Khural of Mongolia G Zandanshatar.
Cyber Security Training Centre
Another highlight of the day was the inauguration of Cyber Security Training Centre, built
with assistance from Government of India, at National Defence University in Ulaanbaatar by
the Raksha Mantri. The Raksha Mantri was briefed about the facilities at the Centre by the
officials. He also interacted with the personnel of the Mongolian Armed Forces being
trained at the Centre.
India-Mongolia Friendship School
Rajnath Singh, along with Minister of Education and Science of Mongolia, laid the
foundation stone of the India-Mongolia Friendship School, which is being established with
the assistance from Government of India.
It may be recalled that India established diplomatic relations with Mongolia in 1955.
Mongolia has declared India as a strategic partner and “spiritual neighbour”. In 2015,
“strategic partnership” between the two Asian democracies was declared during visit of
Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Defence is an important element of bilateral engagements
with Mongolia.
14. Hyderabad Liberation Day:
September 17, 2022 was celebrated as Hyderabad Liberation Day.
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On the same day in 1948, the then Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan announced a
ceasefire. It paved the way for accession of Hyderabad to the Indian Union, 13 months after
gaining independence from British rule.
15. On the occasion of National Teachers’ Day, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a
new initiative- PM SHRI Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India). This will be a new centrally
sponsored scheme for upgradation and development of more than 14500 Schools across
the country by strengthening the selected existing schools from amongst schools managed
by Central Government/ State/ UT Government/ local bodies.
 PM SHRI Schools will showcase all components of the National Education Policy 2020
and act as exemplar schools and also offer mentorship to other schools in their vicinity.
 The aim of these schools will not only be qualitative teaching, learning and cognitive
development, but also creating holistic and well-rounded individuals equipped with key
21st century skills.
 Pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated,
play/toy-based (particularly, in the foundational years) inquiry-driven, discovery-
oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible and enjoyable. Focus will be on
achieving proficiency in learning outcomes of every child in every grade. Assessment at
all levels will be based on conceptual understanding and application of knowledge to
real life situations and will be competency-based.
 These schools will be equipped with modern infrastructure including labs, smart
classrooms, libraries, sports equipment, art room etc. which is inclusive and accessible.
 These schools shall also be developed as green schools with water conservation, waste
recycling, energy-efficient infrastructure and integration of organic lifestyle in
curriculum. They will provide leadership in their respective regions in providing high-
quality education in an equitable, inclusive and joyful school environment that takes
care of the diverse background, multilingual needs, and different academic abilities of
children and makes them active participants in their own learning process as per the
vision of NEP 2020.
16. Rashtriya Poshan Maah:
The month of September every year is celebrated as the Rashtriya Poshan Maah or the
National Nutrition Month across the country. The Ministry of Rural Development (M/oRD) is
leveraging this occasion to intensively disseminate key messages to all intended
beneficiaries on positive nutritional behaviours and practices. The activities during the
month was centred on key themes like Mahila and Swasthya, Bachcha and Shiksha – Poshan
Bhi Padhai Bhi, gender-sensitive water conservation and management, and traditional food
for women and children in tribal areas.
Poshan Abhiyaan aims to improve the nutritional status of women, pregnant and lactating
mothers, children and adolescents, etc., and people’s participation (Jan Andolan) and
community mobilization are essential components of this endeavour. The Ministry of
Women & Child Development aims to convert this Jan Andolan into a Jan Bhagidari by
activating Poshan Panchayats in villages and making the Gram Panchayats and the Sarpanch
the fulcrum of activities.
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17. Following the visit of Multi-sectoral scoping Indian Railways delegation to Bangladesh in
April 2022 and the recent meeting between Minister of Railways of India and Bangladesh
Railway Minister on 1st June 2022, to further promote friendly cooperation between the
two countries and deepen the inter-governmental railway co-operation between the two
countries, Two Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Bangladesh have
been prepared. These MoUs have been signed and exchanged on 06th September 2022
during the visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina to India. 1.
Memorandum of Understanding on “Training of Bangladesh Railway Employees in the
training Institute of Indian Railways” The purpose of this MoU is to provide the framework
of cooperation and to facilitate training of employees of Bangladesh Railway at the training
institutes of Indian Railways including field visits. This will include designing, coordinating,
conducting seminars, workshops, classroom and fields training. Indian Railways will also
coordinate with officials of Ministry of Railways, Government of Bangladesh, as required,
including visiting and assisting in setting up and improving training facilities in Bangladesh
and study requirements. 2. Memorandum of Understanding on “Collaboration in IT Systems
such as FOIS and other IT applications for Bangladesh Railway”. For all aspects of
computerization like passenger ticketing, freight operations and control office, train inquiry
system, digitization of asset management, HR and Finance infrastructure in Bangladesh
Railway, Ministry of Railway, Government of India, through Centre for Railway Information
System (CRIS), will offer IT solutions to Bangladesh Railway.
18. Visit of Prime Minister of Bangladesh to India:
Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh,
paid a State Visit to India from 05-08 September 2022 at the invitation of Prime Minister of
India Narendra Modi. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s programme also included launching of
"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Student Scholarship” for 200 descendants of Indian
Armed Forces personnel martyred and critically injured during the Liberation War of
Bangladesh in 1971. She also addressed a business event, jointly organized by Indian and
Bangladesh business communities on 7 September 2022.
 Both Prime Ministers held a restricted meeting and tête-à-tête followed by delegation
level talks on 6 September 2022. The two Leaders expressed satisfaction at the excellent
state of bilateral relations, based on deep historical and fraternal ties and shared values
of democracy and pluralism, which is reflected in an all-encompassing bilateral
partnership, based on sovereignty, equality, trust and understanding that transcends
even a strategic partnership.
 The two Leaders recalled Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s State Visit in March 2021 to
join the celebrations of the Golden Jubilee of the Independence of Bangladesh, the Birth
Centenary of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and 50
years of establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Bangladesh, which was
followed by the State Visit of the President of India in December 2021, to attend the
celebrations of the Golden Jubilee of the Victory Day of Bangladesh, as the Guest of
Honour.
 The two Prime Ministers noted with satisfaction the continued exchange of high-level
visits which have helped in achieving progress in the various areas of cooperation. Both
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sides also recalled the successful holding of the Seventh Meeting of the Joint
Consultative Commission, led by the Foreign Ministers of two countries held at New
Delhi, India in June 2022.
 The two Prime Ministers held discussions on the entire gamut of bilateral cooperation,
including political and security cooperation, defence, border management, trade and
connectivity, water resources, power and energy, development cooperation, cultural
and people-to-people links. They also agreed to collaborate in new areas of cooperation,
such as, environment, climate change, cyber security, ICT, space technology, green
energy and blue economy.
 They further discussed the various aspects of regional and global issues of interest.
Keeping in mind the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and the supply chain disruptions due
to global developments, the Leaders emphasized the need for greater collaboration in
the spirit of friendship and partnership for prosperity and development of the region.
 The two Leaders underscored the importance of implementing bilateral and sub-
regional rail, road, and other connectivity initiatives. Both sides welcomed the ongoing
bilateral initiatives, such as, conversion to dual-gauge of Tongi-Akhaura line, supply of
railway rolling stock, capacity building for the personnel of Bangladesh Railway, sharing
of IT solutions for improved services of Bangladesh Railway etc. Both sides also
welcomed the new initiatives, namely, Kaunia-Lalmonirhat-Mogalghat-New Gitaldaha
link, establishing a link between Hili and Birampur, upgradation of track and signaling
systems and railway stations along the Benapole-Jashore line, link restoration between
Burimari and Changrabandha, construction of a container depot at Sirajganj etc. and
both sides agreed to explore funding of these projects through a range of financial
instruments under the bilateral development cooperation. The Bangladesh side
welcomed the gesture of India for providing 20 broad-gauge diesel locomotives on
grant.
 The two Leaders appreciated the growth in bilateral trade, with India emerging as the
largest export destination for Bangladesh in Asia. The Bangladesh side requested the
Indian side for predictable supply of the essential food commodities from India such as
rice, wheat, sugar, onion, ginger and garlic. The Indian side conveyed that Bangladesh’s
requests will be favourably considered based on prevalent supply conditions in India,
and all efforts will be made in this regard.
 Recognizing that peaceful management of India-Bangladesh border is a shared priority,
the two Leaders directed the officials to expedite work to complete all pending
developmental works within 150 yards of the Zero Line, including fencing starting with
the Tripura sector with the objective of maintaining a tranquil and crime-free border.
 Noting with satisfaction that the number of deaths due to incidents along the border
has significantly reduced, both sides agreed to work towards bringing the number down
to zero. Both sides noted with appreciation the stepped up efforts by the two border
guarding forces against smuggling of arms, narcotics and fake currency and to prevent
trafficking, particularly of women and children. Both Leaders reiterated their strong
commitment to eliminate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and decided to
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further strengthen their cooperation to counter and prevent the spread of terrorism,
violent extremism and radicalisation in the region and beyond.
 Noting with satisfaction the convening of the 38th Ministerial Meeting of the Joint Rivers
Commission of India and Bangladesh (23-25 August 2022, New Delhi), the two Leaders
welcomed the signing of an MoU between the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of the
Republic of India and Ministry of Water Resources, Government of the People’s Republic
of Bangladesh on Withdrawal of Water by India and Bangladesh from Common Border
River Kushiyara, that will help Bangladesh to address its irrigation needs and facilitate
water projects for South Assam.
 The Indian side requested for early signing of the interim water sharing agreement on
Feni River, taking into account the urgent irrigation requirements of the State of Tripura.
The Bangladesh side took note of the Indian request. The Indian side thanked
Bangladesh for enabling India to construct the intake well to implement the 2019 MoU
between the two countries on withdrawal of 1.82 cusec of water from Feni River for
drinking water supply for Sabroom town in Tripura.
 Recognizing the importance of water management in the bilateral relationship, the
Leaders appreciated the decision of Joint Rivers Commission for widening the area of
cooperation by including additional number of rivers for prioritizing the exchange of
data and formulating the framework of the interim water sharing agreements. The
Leaders welcomed the formation of a Joint Technical Committee to conduct a study for
optimum utilization of water received by Bangladesh under the provisions of Ganges
Water Sharing Treaty, 1996.
 Recalling earlier discussions, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina reiterated Bangladesh’s long
pending request for concluding the interim agreement on the sharing of the waters of
the Teesta River, the draft of which was finalized in 2011. Both Leaders also directed the
officials to work together to address issues such as pollution in rivers and to improve
riverine environment and river navigability in respect of common rivers.
 In the spirit of enhancing sub-regional cooperation, the two Leaders agreed to
expeditiously implement projects to connect the two countries’ power grids
synchronously, including through the proposed high capacity 765 KV transmission line
from Katihar (Bihar) to Bornagar (Assam) through Parbatipur in Bangladesh, to be made
through a suitably-structured India-Bangladesh Joint Venture for a Special Purpose
Vehicle. It was agreed to strengthen sub-regional cooperation in the power sector. The
Bangladesh side requested for import of power from Nepal and Bhutan through India.
The Indian side informed that the guidelines for the same are already in place in India.
 Both Leaders reviewed the progress made on the India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline
that will contribute to addressing energy demands of Bangladesh. They expressed hope
that the project would be completed at the earliest. The Bangladesh side also requested
the Indian side to assist in meeting its domestic requirement for petroleum products.
The Indian side agreed to facilitate discussions between the authorized agencies of both
sides. The Indian side appreciated Bangladesh’s timely support in allowing
transportation of Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants from Assam to Tripura via Bangladesh in
the light of disruptions due to the devastating floods in Assam and Meghalaya. The
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Indian side also welcomed the decision of the Bangladesh side to enlist Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) as a registered G2G supplier of refined petroleum products to
Bangladesh.
 Both Leaders expressed satisfaction at the robust cooperation between two sides in
development partnership. The Bangladesh side appreciated the efficiency at which the
development funds were disbursed by India, becoming the top development partner in
terms of funds disbursement during the last financial year.
 The two Leaders welcomed the successful completion of trial runs under the Agreement
on the use of the Chattogram and Mongla Ports (ACMP) and looked forward to its full
operationalisation at the earliest. The Indian side reiterated its request to work towards
the expansion of the bilateral Coastal Shipping Agreement of 2015 to include third-
country EXIM cargo. The two sides also agreed to expeditiously explore direct shipping
links between the two countries. They also agreed to implement the decision to start
riverine services under the Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT) routes 5
& 6 (Dhulian to Rajshahi -extension to Aricha) and 9 & 10 (Daudkandi to Sonamura). The
Indian side requested Bangladesh to complete remaining infrastructure, immigration,
and customs facilities for the operationalisation of the Maitri Bridge over River Feni,
connecting Tripura with Bangladesh, at an early date.
 The two Leaders agreed to expedite efforts to improve bilateral and sub-regional
connectivity through early operationalisation of the BBIN Motor Vehicle Agreement. The
Indian side requested the Bangladesh side for cooperation for initiating new sub-
regional connectivity projects including a highway from Hili in West Bengal to
Mahendraganj in Meghalaya through Bangladesh and in this regard, proposed
preparation of a Detailed Project Report. In the same spirit, Bangladesh reiterated its
eagerness to partner in the ongoing initiative of the India – Myanmar - Thailand
trilateral highway project.
 The Indian side informed that it has offered free transit via its territory to Bangladesh
for exporting its products to third countries through specified Land Customs
Stations/Airports/Seaports. In this regard, the Indian side invited Bangladesh business
community for using its port infrastructure for transshipment to third countries. India
has also been providing free transit to Bangladesh for exporting its products to Nepal
and Bhutan. The Bangladesh side also requested rail connectivity with Bhutan through
the newly inaugurated Chilahati – Haldibari route. The Indian side agreed to consider
the request, based on its viability and feasibility. To make this and other cross border
rail links viable, the Indian side requested the Bangladesh side to remove port
restrictions, inter alia at the Chilahati – Haldibari crossing.
 The two Leaders welcomed the recent finalization of a Joint Feasibility Study which
recommended that Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) will be
beneficial for both countries. They directed trade officials on both sides to start
negotiations within the calendar year 2022 and to complete these at the earliest, in time
for Bangladesh’s final graduation from LDC status.
 Reiterating the importance of facilitating trade between the two countries, they
stressed the urgent need for up-gradation of infrastructure and facilities at the Land
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Customs Stations/Land Ports, and for removal of port restrictions and other non-tariff
barriers at identified Land Custom Stations. The Indian side reiterated its request for at
least one major land port without port restrictions or negative list of restrictions, on the
border with North Eastern States of India, for easier market access, starting with ICP
Agartala-Akhaura. Both Leaders welcomed the progress made on India’s proposal to
fund the development of a second freight gate at Petrapole-Benapole ICP and directed
the officials to complete the work at the earliest.
 The two Leaders also expressed satisfaction at the intensification of bilateral defence
ties. They also agreed for early finalization of projects under the Line of Credit for
defence, which would be beneficial for both the countries. India welcomed the
finalization of initial procurement plans for vehicles for the Bangladesh Armed Forces in
this regard and looked forward to enhancing bilateral defence ties. The Indian side
reiterated its request for implementing the 2019 MoU for providing a coastal radar
system for greater maritime security, at an early date.
 Welcoming the close cooperation between the two countries during the COVID-19
pandemic including through Vaccine Maitri and Oxygen express trains to Bangladesh,
and Bangladesh’s gift of medicines to India, the two Leaders emphasized the need to
increase people-to-people ties. The Leaders expressed satisfaction at the resumption of
rail, road, air and water-related connectivity. In this regard, the Bangladesh side
welcomed India reopening facilities at most of the road and rail immigration check posts
and requested restoration of immigration facilities to pre-COVID-19 level at all land
ports/ICPs to facilitate movement, at an early date. Both Leaders welcomed starting of
regular services of Mitali Express since June 2022, the third passenger train between
India and Bangladesh.
 Both Leaders looked forward to the early launch of the jointly-produced film on
Bangabandhu (Mujib: the Making of A Nation). They also agreed to work towards other
initiatives including operationalisation of "Shadhinota Shorok”- the historic road from
Mujib Nagar in Bangladesh to the India-Bangladesh border in Nadia, West Bengal, and
production of a documentary on the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971. The
Bangladesh side also proposed joint compilation of rare video footage on the Liberation
War of Bangladesh in 1971. The Bangladesh side appreciated the establishment of
Bangabandhu Chair at University of Delhi, by the Indian side.
 The two Leaders looked forward to the first visit of a start-up delegation from
Bangladesh that would stimulate partnership in innovation between the two countries.
Both sides also expressed satisfaction at the resumption of youth exchanges being
planned in the coming months. The Bangladesh side conveyed deep appreciation for
India’s initiative to provide medical treatment of Bangladesh’s Muktijodhas at medical
facilities in India.
 The Leaders stressed on the effective implementation of the 2011 MoU on
‘Conservation of the Sundarbans’ including through the convening of the JWG at the
earliest, so that the ecosystem of this deltaic forest and the people dependent on this
ecosystem can live sustainably.
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 Both sides acknowledged the importance of leveraging the potential of new and
emerging areas of cooperation and directed authorities on both sides to augment
cooperation in cutting edge areas of peaceful use of outer space, green energy, peaceful
uses of nuclear energy, and technology enabled services in finance, health and
education.
 With regard to the regional situation, India expressed appreciation at the generosity of
Bangladesh in sheltering and providing humanitarian assistance to over a million
persons forcibly displaced from the Rakhine State in Myanmar and underlined its
continuing commitment to support both Bangladesh and Myanmar, as the only country
that is neighbour of both, in the effort to ensure safe, sustainable, and expeditious
return of these forcibly displaced people to their homeland.
 The two sides underscored the need to work for strengthened regional cooperation
through regional organizations. The Indian side appreciated the contribution of
Bangladesh in hosting the BIMSTEC Secretariat and developing its infrastructure. The
Indian side reiterated its support to Bangladesh in its capacity as the Chair of Indian
Ocean Rim Association (IORA).
 The following MoUs and Agreements were signed and exchanged during the visit:
o MoU between the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India and Ministry of Water
Resources, Government of Bangladesh on Withdrawal of Water by India and
Bangladesh from Common Border River Kushiyara;
o MoU between the Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India and
the Ministry of Railways, Government of Bangladesh on Training of Bangladesh
Railway Personnel in India;
o MoU between the Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India and
the Ministry of Railways, Government of Bangladesh on Collaboration in IT systems
such as FOIS and other IT Applications for Bangladesh Railway;
o MoU on Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Council for Scientific &
Industrial Research (CSIR), India and Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (BCSIR), Bangladesh;
o MoU on Cooperation in the Areas of Space Technology between Newspace India
Limited and Bangladesh Satellite Company Limited;
o MoU between the Prasar Bharti and Bangladesh Television (BTV) on Cooperation in
Broadcasting; &
o MoU between the National Judicial Academy, India and the Supreme Court of
Bangladesh on Training and Capacity Building Programme for Bangladesh Judicial
Officers in India.
 The following were unveiled/announced/released during the visit:
o Unveiling of Unit-I of Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant, Rampal, Bangladesh;
o Inauguration of Rupsha railway bridge;
o Announcement of signing of project management consultancy contracts for Khulna
– Darshana railway line and Parbotipur – Kaunia railway line.
o Presentation of the book containing translation of the historic ‘7th March Speech’
of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 23 Indian and 5 languages of other
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South Asian countries, by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
o Announcement regarding offer of 20 broad gauge locomotives to Bangladesh
Railway on grant basis.
o Announcement regarding supply of road construction equipment and machinery to
Road and Highways Department, Government of Bangladesh.
19. 'Kartavya Path':
The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi inaugurated 'Kartavya Path'. It symbolises a shift from
erstwhile Rajpath being an icon of power, to Kartavya Path being an example of public
ownership and empowerment. The Prime Minister also unveiled the statue of Netaji Subhas
Chandra Bose at India Gate.
Over the years, Rajpath and adjoining areas of the Central Vista Avenue had been
witnessing pressure of increasing traffic of visitors, putting stress on its infrastructure. It
lacked basic amenities like public toilets, drinking water, street furniture and adequate
parking space. Further, there was inadequate signage, poor maintenance of water features
and haphazard parking. Also, a need was felt to organise the Republic Day parade and other
National events less disruptively with minimal restrictions on public movement. The
redevelopment has been done bearing these concerns in mind while ensuring the integrity
and continuity of architectural character.
Kartavya Path will exhibit beautified landscapes, lawns with walkways, added green spaces,
refurbished canals, new amenity blocks, improved signages and vending kiosks. Further,
new pedestrian underpasses, improved parking spaces, new exhibition panels and upgraded
night lighting are some other features that will enhance the public experience. It also
includes a number of sustainability features like solid waste management, stormwater
management, recycling of used water, rainwater harvesting, water conservation and
energy-efficient lighting systems, among others.
The statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, which was unveiled by the Prime Minister, is
installed in the same place where a hologram statue of Netaji was unveiled earlier this year
on Parakram Diwas, January 23 by him. The granite statue is a fitting tribute to the immense
contribution of Netaji to our freedom struggle and would be a symbol of the country’s
indebtedness to him. Crafted by Arun Yogiraj, who was the main sculptor, the 28 feet tall
statue has been carved from a monolithic granite stone and weighs 65 MT.
20. India-Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue:
Minister of Defence of India, Rajnath Singh and Minister of External Affairs of India, Dr. S.
Jaishankar, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, HAYASHI Yoshimasa, Minister of Defense of
Japan, HAMADA Yasukazu, held the second India-Japan 2+2 Foreign and Defence Ministerial
Meeting in Tokyo on 8 September 2022.
 Acknowledging that global cooperation is required more than ever to address security
challenges that have become more acute, the Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to
a rules-based global order that respects sovereignty and territorial integrity of nations,
and emphasized the need for all countries to seek peaceful resolution of disputes in
accordance with international law without resorting to threat or use of force or any
attempt to unilaterally change the status quo.
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 The Ministers highlighted their commitment to a common strategic goal of achieving a

free and open Indo-Pacific, that is inclusive and resilient, based on the rule of law and
free from coercion. The Ministers also reiterated their strong support for ASEAN’s unity
and centrality and their full support for the "ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)”
which upholds the principles such as the rule of law, openness, freedom, transparency
and inclusiveness.
 The Ministers had a frank and fruitful discussion on the regional and global issues of
mutual interests and concerns, particularly those in the Indo-Pacific as well as Ukraine.
The Ministers strongly reaffirmed what their Prime Ministers recently committed to in
their Joint Statement of 19March 2022 ("Partnership for a Peaceful, Stable and
Prosperous Post-COVID World”) with respect to regional and global security challenges.
 While expressing its resolve to examine all options necessary for national defence,
including so called "counterstrike capabilities,” the Japanese side expressed its
determination to fundamentally reinforce Japan’s defence capabilities within the next
five years and secure substantial increase of Japan’s defence budget needed to effect it.
Acknowledging Japan’s determination to reinforce its defence capabilities, Indian side
expressed its support to work towards enhanced security and defence cooperation.
 The Ministers noted with pleasure the progress made since the last meeting in
November 2019 in the bilateral security and defence cooperation, which constitutes an
important pillar of the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership. They
welcomed deepened cooperation discussed through the Disarmament and Non-
Proliferation Dialogue of February 2021, the Maritime Affairs Dialogue of September
2021, the Space Dialogue of November 2021, and the Cyber Dialogue of June 2022,
respectively. Recognizing the importance of multilayered dialogues between the two
countries, they looked forward to having dialogues at an early date in areas such as
Security Council reform with a view to strengthening the functions of the UN as a whole.
They also acknowledged the importance of enhancing dialogues in the field of economic
security.
 The Ministers noted the progress in the defence cooperation and exchanges between
the two sides. The Ministers welcomed the participation of Japan for the first time in the
multilateral exercise MILAN and the operationalization of the Agreement Concerning
Reciprocal Provision of Supplies and Services between the Self-Defense Forces of Japan
and the Indian Armed Forces in the exercise. The Ministers expressed their commitment
to continuing bilateral and multilateral exercises including "Dharma Guardian”, JIMEX
and "Malabar.” The Ministers noted with pleasure that the air services of the two
countries are working closely for the early conduct of inaugural India-Japan fighter
exercise. The Ministers also expressed their shared intention to make continuous efforts
towards more complex and sophisticated bilateral exercise.
 The Ministers concurred to launch the Joint Service Staff Talks between the Japan Joint
Staff and the Indian Integrated Defence Staff. The Ministers also committed to seek
deeper cooperation on HA/DR and response to infectious diseases and pandemics.
Acknowledging the potential of the Information Fusion Centre - Indian Ocean Region,
the Ministers looked forward to actively deepening multilateral coordination with
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liaison officers of other countries in the forum for enhanced maritime cooperation. The
Ministers acknowledged the vast potential for the two countries to expand bilateral
cooperation in the areas of defense equipment and technology cooperation. The
Ministers further expressed satisfaction with the ongoing cooperation in the areas of
Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV)/Robotics and the Sixth India-Japan Joint Working
Groupon Defence Equipment and Technology Cooperation and concurred to further
identify concrete areas for future cooperation in defence equipment and technology.
 The Ministers welcomed that the 2+2 meetings, through intensive discussions, have
provided a strategic guidance for enhancing the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global
Partnership, and decided to hold the next 2+2 Ministerial Meeting in India.
21. International Day of Clean Air for blue skies:
UN Member States recognize the need to substantially reduce the number of deaths and
illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination by
2030, as well as to reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including
by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management by
2030.
Clean air is important for the health and day-to-day lives of people, while air pollution is the
single greatest environmental risk to human health and one of the main avoidable causes of
death and disease globally. Air pollution disproportionately affects women, children and
older persons, and also has a negative impact on ecosystems.
Today, the international community acknowledges that improving air quality can enhance
climate change mitigation and that climate change mitigation efforts can improve air
quality.
Encouraged by the increasing interest of the international community in clean air, and
emphasizing the need to make further efforts to improve air quality, including reducing air
pollution, to protect human health, the General Assembly decided to designate 7
September as the International Day of Clean Air for blue skies.
22. Ceasefire Agreement is in operation between Government of India and the National
Socialist Council of Nagaland (K) Niki group. It was decided to extend the Ceasefire
Agreement with the NSCN (K) Niki for a period of one year with effect from 08.09.2022 to
07.09.2023.
The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Naga nationalist separatist group
operating mainly in Northeast India, with minor activities in
northwest Myanmar (Burma). The main aim of the organisation is to establish a sovereign
Naga state, "Nagalim", which would consist of all the areas belonging to the Naga people in
Northeast India and northwest Myanmar. The NSCN's slogan is "Nagaland for Christ".
There were once two major factions of the NSCN which include the former NSCN (K), which
was led by S. S. Khaplang; and the still active NSCN (I-M), led by now by Isak Chishi Swu and
formerly by Thuingaleng Muivah. In 2015 in response to an attack on an army convoy in
Manipur, India designated the NSCN (K) as a terrorist organization under the Unlawful
Activities (Prevention) Act. India's Ministry of Home Affairs labels NSCN a major insurgent
group.
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23. The Union Cabinet in its meeting held on 07.09.2022 chaired by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi granted ex post facto approval for the Memorandum of Understanding between the
Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland on mutual recognition of academic qualifications signed on
25.04.2022.
Mutual Recognition of Qualifications between India and UK aims to promote academic
collaboration and student mobility. The request from UK side to grant recognition to their
One Year Masters Programme was considered, and during the meeting between the
Education Ministers of the two countries held on 16 December 2020 in New Delhi, a
decision was taken to set up a joint task force for this purpose. The first meeting was held
on 04th February, 2021 and subsequently after detailed deliberations and negotiations both
sides agreed on the draft MoU.
The MoU aims to facilitate the mutual recognition of educational qualifications, periods of
study undertaken, documents related to academic degrees/qualifications and accreditation
by educational institutions within the two countries. Professional degrees like Engineering,
Medicine, Nursing and Para-Medical Education, Pharmacy, Law, and Architecture are out of
the purview of this MoU. It will also facilitate establishment of Joint/Dual degree courses
between Higher Education Institutions, one of our objectives under NEP 2020 for Intel-
nationalization of Education. This MoU will promote bilateral exchange of information
about educational structure, programs and standards and increase mobility of students and
professionals between the two countries. It will also encourage other areas of cooperation
in education sector, development of study programs as mutually agreed upon by the
Parties. This MoU shall recognize equivalence in accordance with parity with regard to
acceptability of qualifications as approved under national policy, law, rules and regulations
of the two countries.
24. The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved to sign a
Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Education, Government of India
and the Ministry of Education of the Government of United Arab Emirates on cooperation in
the field of Education.
The objective of the MoU is to further strengthen our ongoing educational collaboration
between India and UAE and widen the scope of our engagements. An MoU was signed in
2015 with UAE in the field of Education which expired in 2018. In 2019, at a meeting
between Education Ministers of the two countries, UAE side proposed to sign a new MoU.
The new MoU incorporates changes brought in by the National Education Policy 2020 in
India’s education ecosystem. This MoU aims to promote Exchange of Information
Education, Capacity Development of Technical and vocational Education and Training (TVET)
teaching staff, Facilitation of academic collaboration between Higher Education Institutions
in both the countries for offering Twinning, Joint Degree and Dual Degree Programmes and
any such other areas agreed upon. This MoU will rejuvenate educational cooperation and
increase academic mobility between India and UAE besides facilitating exchange
information in order to promote mutual recognition of these qualifications. It also covers
cooperation in TVET as UAE is a major work destination for Indians. The MoU will be valid
for a period of five years from the date of signing and will be automatically renewable with
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the consent of both parties. Once signed, this MoU shall supersede the earlier MoU signed
with UAE in 2015, which will then cease to have effect.
25. PM SHRI Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India):
The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved a new centrally
sponsored scheme- PM SHRI Schools (PM ScHools for Rising India). This will be a new
scheme for development of more than 14500 schools across the country as PM SHRI
Schools by strengthening select existing schools being managed by Central Government/
State/ UT Government/ local bodies. PM SHRI Schools will showcase all components of the
National Education Policy 2020, act as exemplar schools and also offer mentorship to other
schools in their vicinity. The PM SHRI schools will deliver quality teaching for the cognitive
development of students and will strive to create and nurture holistic and well-rounded
individuals equipped with key 21st century skills.
Scheme of PM SHRI schools (PM ScHools for Rising India) is to be implemented as a
Centrally Sponsored Scheme with a total project cost of Rs. 27360 crore which includes a
central share of Rs. 18128 crore for the period of five years from year 2022-23 to 2026-27.
Key features
 PM SHRI will provide high-quality education in an equitable, inclusive and joyful school
environment that takes care of the diverse background, multilingual needs, and
different academic abilities of children and makes them active participants in their own
learning process as per the vision of NEP 2020.
 PM SHRI Schools will provide leadership to other schools in their respective regions by
providing mentorship.
 The PM SHRI Schools will be developed as Green schools, incorporating environment
friendly aspects like solar panels and LED lights, nutrition gardens with natural farming,
waste management, plastic free, water conservation and harvesting, study of
traditions/practices related to protection of environment, climate change related
hackathon and awareness generation to adopt sustainable lifestyle.
 Pedagogy adopted in these schools will be more experiential, holistic, integrated,
play/toy-based (particularly, in the foundational years) inquiry-driven, discovery-
oriented, learner-centred, discussion-based, flexible and enjoyable.
 Focus will be on learning outcomes of every child in every grade. Assessment at all levels
will be based on conceptual understanding and application of knowledge to real life
situations and will be competency-based.
 Assessment of the resources available and their effectiveness in terms of availability,
adequacy, appropriateness, and utilisation for each of the domains and their key
performance indicators will be done and gaps will be filled in a systematic and planned
manner.
 Linkage with Sector Skill Councils and local industry for enhancing employability and
providing better employment opportunities will be explored.
 A School Quality Assessment Framework (SQAF) is being developed, specifying the key
performance indicators to measure outcomes. Quality evaluation of these schools at
regular interval will be undertaken to ensure the desired standards.
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Major illustrative interventions of Scheme of PM SHRI Schools (PM Schools for Rising
India) are:
a. Quality and Innovation (Learning Enhancement Programme, Holistic Progress Card,
Innovative Pedagogies, Bagless days, Internships with Local artisans, Capacity building
etc.)
b. Beneficiary oriented entitlements under RTE Act. 100% of PM SHRI Schools will receive
Science and Math Kits.
c. Annual School Grants (Composite School grants, Library grant, Sports grant)
d. Early Childhood Care and Education including Balvatika and Foundational Literacy and
Numeracy
e. Equity and Inclusion including provision of safe and appropriate infrastructure for girls
and CWSN.
f. Encouraging flexibility in choice of subjects offered to students.
g. Encouraging mother tongue/local languages as medium of instruction using
technological interventions to help bridge language barriers.
h. ICT, smart classrooms and digital libraries for using digital pedagogy. 100% of the PM
SHRI Schools will be covered under ICT, smart classrooms and digital initiatives.
a. Strengthening of existing infrastructure
j. Vocational interventions & Enhancing internship / entrepreneurship opportunities
especially with local industry. Mapping of skills with developmental projects/nearby
industry and develop courses/curriculum accordingly.
k. Saturation approach will be adopted to develop these schools with all modern facilities.
Science labs, Library, ICT facility and Vocational labs etc. will be provided to all the
schools.
l. Green School initiatives
Further, the scheme envisages convergence with existing schemes /Panchayati Raj
Institutions/ Urban Local bodies and community participation for infrastructure upgradation
of the school and creation of facilities.
Implementation strategy
a) PM SHRI Schools would be implemented through the existing administrative structure
available for Samagra Shiksha, KVS & NVS. The other autonomous bodies would be
involved on specific project basis as required.
b) These schools shall be monitored vigorously to assess progress and understand the
challenges faced in implementation of National Education Policy 2020.
Selection Methodology:
Selection of PM SHRI schools will be done through Challenge Mode wherein Schools
compete for support to become exemplar schools. Schools would be required to self-apply
on the online portal. The portal will be opened four times a year, once every quarter, for
first two years of the scheme.
The Elementary schools (Class 1-5/1-8) & the Secondary/ Sr. Secondary Schools (Class1-
10/1-12/6-10/6-12) managed by Centre/State/UT Governments / local self-governments
having UDISE+ code would be considered for selection under the Scheme. Selection would
be done through a three-stage process with definite time lines, which is as follows: -
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A. Stage-1: States/UTs would sign MoU agreeing to implement NEP in entirety with Centre
laying down the commitments for supporting these schools for achieving specified
quality assurance as PM SHRI schools.
B. Stage-2: In this stage, a pool of schools that are eligible to be selected as PM SHRI
Schools would be identified based on prescribed minimum benchmark through UDISE+
data.
C. Stage-3: This stage is based on the challenge method for fulfilling certain criteria. Only
the schools from the above eligible pool of schools would compete to fulfill the
challenge conditions. Fulfillment of conditions would be certified by States/KVS/JNV
through physical inspection.
States/UTs/KVS/JNV shall verify the claims reported by Schools and recommend the list of
schools to the Ministry.
Maximum two schools (one Elementary & one Secondary/Senior Secondary) would be
selected per block/ULB with upper limit of number of total schools across India.Geo-tagging
of schools for the selection and monitoring of PM SHRI schools will be done. The services of
Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N) will
be taken for geo-tagging and other related tasks. An Expert committee would be
constituted for final selection of schools.
Quality Assurance of PM SHRI Schools
i. Showcase of NEP 2020
ii. Student registry for tracking enrolment and learning progress
iii. Improvement in learning outcomes of each child to achieve levels above state and
national average
iv. Every middle grade child exposed/oriented to cutting edge and 21st century skills
v. Every secondary grade child passes out with at least one skill
vi. Sports, Arts, ICT for every child
vii. Sustainable and Green schools
viii. Each school linked/connected to Higher Education Institutions for mentoring
ix. Every school linked/connected to local entrepreneurial ecosystem
x. Every child counselled for psychological well-being and career
xi. Students will be rooted to knowledge and heritage of India, proud of civilizational
ethos and values of Bharat, aware of India's contribution to the world, conscious
of duties towards society, living beings and the nature, communicatively
competent in Indian languages, respecting inclusivity, equality and unity in
diversity, sense of service and furthering the spirit of 'Ek Bharat Shreshth Bharat'.
xii. Character-building, citizenship values, fundamental duties and responsibilities
towards nation-building
These schools will be developed as vibrant schools focusing on all round development of
children.
Beneficiaries
More than 18 lakh students are expected to be direct beneficiaries of the scheme. Futher
impact will be generated through the mentoring and handholding of the schools in vicinity
of PM SHRI schools.
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26. The Union Cabinet, Chaired by Prime Minister has ex-post facto approved the
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on 02nd August, 2022 between the National
Disaster Management Authority of the Republic of India and the National Disaster
Management Authority of the Republic of Maldives on cooperation in the field of Disaster
Management.
Benefits:
The MoU seeks to put in place a system, whereby both India and Maldives will be benefited
from the Disaster Management mechanisms of each other and it will help in strengthening
the areas of preparedness, response and capacity building in the field of Disaster
Management.
Salient features of the MoU:
i. The Parties will extend mutual support on the request of one Party in the time of large
scale disaster incident occurring within its territory, in the field of emergency relief,
response, humanitarian assistance
ii. The Parties will exchange information and share experiences and best practices of
disaster response, mitigation, planning and preparedness.
iii. The Parties will share satellite remote sensing data and expertise of space technology
base applications for effective disaster mitigation, including exchange of information on
disaster on prevention and risk assessment.
iv. The Parties will extend cooperation in the field of advanced information technology,
early warning systems, remote sensing, satellite communication & navigation services.
v. To consider training and capacity building programme for sectoral mainstreaming in
disaster risk reduction, the parties will provide opportunities to train senior officials and
rescue personnel of emergency management service in the short and long term
trainings.
vi. The Parties will exchange information about the domestic and international exhibitions
as well as exercises to be held in both countries and also cooperate in areas such as
research, knowledge exchange, faculty support programmes, documentation in the
areas of disaster risk reduction and academic programmes in disaster resilience &
climate change adaptation.
vii. The parties will determine further cooperation in other activities related to disaster
management.
viii. The Parties may exchange Tsunami Advisories, Storm Surge, High Wave Alert, Multi
Hazard vulnerability information and multi hazard risk assessment due to oceanogenic
disasters along their coastal zones.
ix. The Parties may exchange information about Numerical weather Predication (NWP)
products and Extended Range Forecast (ERF).
x. The Parties may exchange information including provision of access by Indian side to the
Real Time Analysis of Products and Information Dissemination (RAPID) for visualization
of Indian Weather Satellite Data as well as providing training on NWP and Satellite
Meteorology by IMD.
xi. The Parties will initiate an annual disaster management exercise that will be held in the
different geographic settings of both nations.
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27. Onam is an annual Indian harvest festival celebrated predominantly by the Hindus of
Kerala. A major annual event for Keralites, it is the official festival of the state and includes a
spectrum of cultural events.
Onam commemorates Vamana and King Mahabali. According to Hindu legends, Onam is
celebrated in Kerala in remembrance of the good governance under the rule
of daitya king Mahabali, a mythical king who once ruled Kerala. The legend holds that
jealous of Mahabali's popularity and his power, the devas and gods conspired to end his
reign. They sent Vamana to earth in the form of a dwarf Brahmin who trampled Mahabali
to patala (netherworld). Vamana asked Mahabali for three feet of land as his wish from the
generous Mahabali. Since denying gifts to Brahmin is considered a sacrilege, Mahabali
agreed to fulfill Vamana’s wish. In the first two feet Vamana measured the entirety of
universe, leaving nowhere to place his third foot. Mahabali offered his own head to place
his third feet making the wish complete. However, witnessing Mahabali’s generosity, Vishnu
granted the king's sole wish to visit his land and people once every year. This homecoming
of Mahabali is celebrated as Onam in Kerala every year.
The date of Onam celebration is based on the Panchangam, and falls on the
22nd nakshatra Thiruvonam in the month Chingam of Malayalam calendar, which
in Gregorian calendar falls between August–September.
28. Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan:
President launched the Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan.
India has the world’s highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an estimated 26 lakh people
contracting the disease and approximately 4 lakh people dying from the disease every year.
The economic burden of TB in terms of loss of lives, income and workdays is also
substantial. TB usually affects the most economically productive age group of society
resulting in a significant loss of working days and pushing TB patients further into the vortex
of poverty.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is implementing an ambitious National
Strategic Plan with the goal to achieve SDG End TB targets by 2025. The challenge of
tuberculosis requires a multi-sectoral response to address the social determinants like
nutritional support, living and working conditions, and an increase in access to diagnostic
and treatment services. Although the efforts of the government are yielding significant
results, the community and the institutions in the society can play a critical role in filling
gaps and addressing social determinants, thereby contributing to the national goal. For
effective engagement of the community in the path towards ending TB in India, MoHFW is
implementing the “Community Support to TB patients- Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat
Abhiyaan. Ni-kshay Mitra (Donor) for this program include co-operative societies,
corporates, elected representatives, individuals, institutions, non-governmental
organizations, political parties and partners who can support by adopting health facilities
(for individual donor), blocks/urban wards/districts/states for accelerating response against
TB to complement government efforts, as per the district-specific requirements in
coordination with the district administration. The State and district administration will
support Ni-kshay Mitras in prioritizing districts and provide guidance on critical gap analysis
and district-specific needs. The support provided to the patient under this initiative is in
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addition to the free diagnostics, free drugs and Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana provided by
National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) to all TB patients notified from both public and
private sector.
ABOUT THE NTEP:
The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), previously known as Revised
National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), aims to strategically reduce TB burden
in India by 2025, five years ahead of the Sustainable Development Goals. In 2020, the
RNTCP was renamed as the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) to emphasize the aim
of the Government of India to eliminate TB in India by 2025. It reached over a billion people
in 632 districts/reporting units and is responsible for carrying out the Government of India’s
five-year National Strategic Plans for TB elimination along with the States/UTs. The National
Strategic Plan for TB Elimination was launched to achieve the target of ending TB by 2025 in
a mission mode. It is a multi-pronged approach which aims to detect all TB patients with an
emphasis on reaching TB patients seeking care from private providers and undiagnosed TB
in high-risk populations. In 2021, India notified 21 lakh TB cases, successfully bridging the
gaps between estimated number of cases and those that were recorded on the Nikshay
portal previously. A range of forward-looking policies have been implemented including
critical schemes such as Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY), which helped meet the nutritional
requirements of TB patients, especially the underserved. From 2018 till present, around
₹1,707 crore has been disbursed to more than 65 lakh people on TB treatment across the
country. As part of engaging the private sector, Patient Provider Support Agencies (PPSA)
have been rolled out across 250 districts through the domestic setup and JEET initiative,
leading to 32% of all TB patients being notified from the private sector.
Building on Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing (UDST) for all diagnosed TB cases the
programme has added 3,760 NAAT machines across the country till 2021 ensuring that
patients are diagnosed with drug-resistant TB at the very outset and are put on correct
treatment plans on a timely basis. Over 1,50,000 Ayushman Bharat- Health and Wellness
Centres will be established by December 2022 to decentralize comprehensive primary
healthcare including TB care services at the grassroots level. The programme also initiated
strategies to engage the community and create a Jan Andolan against TB. The program has
identified more than 12,000 TB champions to reach out to the underserved and
marginalized and support patients in accessing care. The programme is also supporting
creation of Patient Support Groups (PSGs) to facilitate conversations between patients,
doctors and their caregivers to address common issues in treatment.
29. The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the
Ministry of Railway’s proposal to revise the railways’ land policy to implement PM Gati
Shakti framework (Cargo related activities, Public utilities & Railway’s exclusive use).
Impact:
i. This will help in attracting more cargo to railways, increase railways’ modal share in
freight transportation thereby reducing logistics cost of the industry.
ii. This will bring more revenue to railways.
iii. This will simplify approvals for utilities as envisaged in PM Gati Shakti Programme.
This will help in development of public utilities like electricity, gas, water supply,
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telecom cable, sewage disposal, drains, optical fibre cables (OFC), pipelines, roads,
flyovers, but terminals, regional rail transport, urban transport etc. in an integrated
manner.
iv. This policy amendment will enable employment generation potential of about 1.2
lakh employment.
Financial Implications:
No additional expenditure will be incurred. Liberalizing the land leasing policy would open
avenues for all stakeholders / service providers / operators to establish more cargo related
facilities and render their participation assisting in generation of additional cargo traffic and
freight revenues to Railways.
Benefits:
This policy amendment will enable employment generation potential of about 1.2 lakh
employment.
Details:
i. The revised railways’ land policy will enable integrated development of
infrastructure and more cargo terminals.
ii. It provides for long term leasing of railway land for cargo related activities for a
period up-to 35 years @ 1.5% of market value of land per annum.
iii. The existing entities using railway land for cargo terminals will have the option to
switch to the new policy regime after transparent and competitive bidding
process.
iv. 300 PM Gati Shakti Cargo Terminals would be developed over next five years and
about 1.2 lakh employment would be generated.
v. This will increase modal share of rail in freight transportation and reduce overall
logistics cost in the country.
vi. The policy also simplifies Railways’ land use and Right of Way (ROW) for
integrated development of public service utilities like electricity, gas, water
supply, sewage disposal, urban transport etc by providing railway land @ 1.5% of
market value of land per annum.
vii. For Optical Fibre Cables (OFC) and other smaller diameter underground utilities,
a one-time fee of Rs. 1000/- will be charged for crossing railway track.
viii. The policy provides for use of railway land at nominal cost for setting up of solar
plants on railway land.
ix. The policy also encourages development of social infrastructure (such as
hospitals through PPP and schools through Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan) on
railway land at a nominal annual fee of Rupee 1 per sqm. per annum.
Implementation strategy and target:
i. Comprehensive Policy document will be framed and implemented within 90 days
of cabinet approval.
ii. The approvals for setting up utilities envisaged under PM Gati Shakti Programme
will be simplified.
iii. 300 PM Gati Shakti Cargo Terminals would be developed over the next five
years.
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Background:
Railways’ organization and network spans the entire country. However, railways with its
existing land policies could not integrate well with other modes of infrastructure. Thus, a
need was felt to streamline and simplify Railway’s land lese policy to enable faster
integrated planning and development of infrastructure across the country under PM Gati
Shakti framework.
Extant policy permits licensing of railway land for a short period upto five years for any
railway related activity. Such short-term license period does not attract any serious
investors for creating multi-modal cargo hubs. Long term leasing of railway land upto 35
years is allowed for leasing government land mainly to Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs),
thereby limiting the scope of investments in cargo terminals. Since rail is an efficient mode
of transport it is essential to more freight by rail so as to reduce the logistics cost of the
industry. To enhance the modal share of rail in freight transportation need has been felt to
modify the land leasing policy to encourage development of more cargo terminals.
30. US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF):
As the only independent not-for-profit institution dedicated to strengthening the US-India
partnership in Washington D.C. and New Delhi, USISPF is the trusted partner for businesses,
non-profit organizations, the diaspora, and the governments of India and the United States.
The US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) is committed to creating the most
powerful partnership between the United States and India.
31. The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) was launched jointly by the US and other
partner countries of the Indo-Pacific region on May 23, 2022 in Tokyo. The 14 IPEF partners
represent 40 per cent of global GDP and 28 per cent of global goods and services trade.
It seeks to strengthen economic partnership among participating countries with the
objective of enhancing resilience, sustainability, inclusiveness, economic growth, fairness
and competitiveness in the region.
The 14 members of the IPEF are- Australia, Brunei, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea,
Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the US.
The framework is structured around four pillars relating to trade, supply chains, clean
economy, and fair economy.
32. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) has approved Tejas Mark-2 Project. The CCS has
sanctioned 6,500 crore rupees for designing and developing of Tejas Mark-2 fighter jet with
prototypes, flight testing, and certification. The allocation comes in addition to the existing
2500 crore rupees sanctioned to HAL.
The advanced version of Tejas LCA will feature a series of additions to its flight and fight
capabilities. Tejas 2.0 will be equipped with more powerful GE- F414 engines in the 98
Kilonewton thrust class, which will allow it to extend its flight range and carry additional
payload and weapons as compared to the existing version. The payload capacity of the Tejas
Mark-2 jet will be four tonnes as compared to three tonnes of the existing version. In
addition to this, the new jet will also be equipped with an indigenously developed Active
Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, which will be a major upgrade from the existing
ELTA’s EL/M-2032 multi-mode radar.
33. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission:
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Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural
Development (MoRD), Government of India in June 2011.
Aided in part through investment support by the World Bank, the Mission aims at creating
efficient and effective institutional platforms of the rural poor, enabling them to increase
household income through sustainable livelihood enhancements and improved access to
financial services.
NRLM set out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural poor households, across 600 districts,
6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh villages in the country through self-
managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and support them for
livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
In addition, the poor would be facilitated to achieve increased access to rights, entitlements
and public services, diversified risk and better social indicators of empowerment. DAY-
NRLM believes in harnessing the innate capabilities of the poor and complements them
with capacities (information, knowledge, skills, tools, finance and collectivization) to
participate in the growing economy of the country.
In November 2015, the program was renamed Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM).
34. Export policy of broken rice amended to ensure adequate domestic availability:
Sudhanshu Pandey, Secretary, Department of Food & Public Distribution (DFPD), Ministry of
Consumer Affairs and Food & Public Distribution, emphasized that in order to ensure
adequate availability of broken rice for consumption by domestic poultry industry and for
other animal feedstock; and to produce ethanol for successful implementation of EBP
(Ethanol Blending Programme) program, Government has amended the export policy of
broken rice.
About 50-60 LMT of broken rice is produced annually in India which is mainly used as
poultry feed and feed for other animals. It is also used as a feedstock by the grain based
distilleries for producing ethanol which is supplied to Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) for
blending with petrol.
Need for amendment:
Significant rise in export of broken rice: There has been a rise in global demand for broken
rice due to geo-political scenario which has impacted price movement of commodities
including those related to animal feed. The export of broken rice has increased by more
than 43 times in past 4 years (~21.31 LMT exported from April-August, 2022 compared to
0.41 LMT in the same period in 2018-19).
Meet domestic requirement under Ethanol Blending Programme: Sugar based feed stocks
alone cannot meet the requirements of 1100 crore litres of ethanol for 20% ethanol
blending by 2025. Since Ethanol Season Year (ESY) 2018-19, India has allowed grain based
ethanol and in ESY 2020-21 has also allowed Food Corporation of India to sell rice to
ethanol plants for fuel ethanol production. However, in the current ESY 2021-22, against the
contracted quantity of 36 crore litres, only about 16.36 crore litres (till 21.08.2022) have
been supplied by distilleries due to low availability of broken rice for ethanol production.
Contain impact on poultry sector due to rising prices: Domestic price of broken rice, which
was ~Rs. 16/Kg in the open market has increased to about Rs. 22/Kg in States because of
exports due to higher international prices. Poultry sector and animal husbandry farmers
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were impacted the most due to price hike of feed ingredients as about 60-65% inputs cost
for poultry feed comes from broken Rice and any increase in prices will be reflected in
poultry products like Milk, Egg, Meat etc.
Domestic production scenario of Rice: The likely shortfall in area and production of Paddy
for the Kharif season 2022 is 6% approx. The final area for Kharif in 2021 was 403.58 lakh
ha. So far an area of 325.39 lakh ha has been covered. In domestic production 60-70 LMT
estimated production loss is anticipated but due to good Monsoon rains in some pockets,
the production loss may reduce to 40-50 LMT, however, this would be at par with last year’s
production.
The domestic prices of Rice are showing increasing trend and it may continue to increase
due to low production forecast by about 10 MMT of Paddy and 11% increase in export of
Non basmati compared to corresponding period of last year. However, with export of 212
LMT last year, it can be said that India is still surplus in rice production.
Amendment in export policy of Broken Rice: In order to ensure adequate availability of
broken rice for consumption by domestic poultry industry and for other animal feedstock;
and to produce ethanol for successful implementation of EBP program, Govt. of India has
amended the export policy of broken rice (under HS Code 10064000) w.e.f 9th Sep, 2022
from “Free” to “Prohibited” as per Notification No. 31/2015-2020 dated 8th Sep, 2022 with
certain relaxations during the period 9th-15th Sep, 2022 only for cases where loading of
consignment has commenced before this Notification, shipping bill is filed and vessels have
already berthed or arrived and anchored in Indian ports and their rotation number has been
allocated before this Notification, consignment has been handed over to the Customs
before this Notification and is registered in their system
Amendment in export policy of Non Basmati Rice (Others) (HS Code 1006 - 3090), Rice In
Husk (Paddy Or Rough) (HS Code 1006 – 10), Husked (Brown Rice) (HS Code 1006 – 20), Non
Basmati Rice (Parboiled Rice) (HS Code 1006 – 3010)
International price of Indian rice (non-basmati others HS Code 10063090) is selling around
Rs. 28-29/kg which is higher than the domestic price. An export duty of 20% on Rice in Husk
(Paddy or Rough), Husked (Brown Rice) and Semi-milled or Wholly milled Rice whether or
not polished or glazed other than par-boiled rice and basmati rice has been imposed by the
Government. This would lead to lowering of prices of rice.
No change in Export policy of Non Basmati Rice (Par Boiled Rice) and Basmati Rice
The government has not made any changes in the policy relating to par-boiled rice (HS
CODE = 1006 30 10) so that farmers continue to get good remunerative prices. Further,
dependent and vulnerable countries will have adequate availability of par-boiled rice as
India has significant share in the global rice export.
Similarly, no change in policy in Basmati rice (HS CODE = 1006 30 20) has been done as
basmati rice is premium rice which is majorly consumed by the Indian Diaspora in different
countries and its export quantity is very less compared to other rice.
35. In order to promote consumption of Millets and in view of their health benefits, all offices
of the Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD) have directed to introduce and
promote millets in their canteens and in meetings.
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Millets may be included as one of the snacks/Biscuit made up of millets (having main raw
material as millet) such as Ragi Biscuits/Cookies/ladoos and baked millet chips etc. as snacks
to be serve in the meetings. Millet/Ragi Dosa, Millet mix vada, Millet mix Puri and Idli /ragi
ladoo etc. (Having main raw material as Millet) to be used in the Canteens and as far as
possible locally available millet-based products should be used.
The year 2023 will be celebrated as International Year of Millets (IYoM). DFPD has been
actively promoting procurement/consumption of millets in the country and utilization of
procured millets for distribution in the TPDS/ICDS/MDM Scheme. Millets consumption
confers several benefits and helps in managing life style diseases. Due to their high density
of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, phyto chemicals and dietary fiber, millets are also
excellent grains to alleviate malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency.
36. “Early Intervention Centre- Prayas":
To alleviate the suffering and instill confidence in parents in dealing with differently abled
children a model “Early Intervention Centre- Prayas" has been established at Army Hospital
(Research & Referral). The “Early Intervention Centre” is a comprehensive state-of-the-art
facility which is dedicated to the children with special needs. Children of Armed Forces
personnel upto six years of age suffering from autism, cerebral palsy, sleep and language
delay and other disabilities will benefit immensely from this venture. The Centre was
inaugurated by Mrs Archana Pande, President, Army Wives Welfare Association (AWWA) in
the presence of Gen Manoj Pande, Chief of the Army Staff on 12 September 2022 at the
Army Hospital (R&R).
The newly established Centre has facilities of advanced screening for hearing and visual
defects, detection of Autism, clinical identification of various syndromes and therapeutic
facilities like Special Education, Sensory Integration Occupational and Physiotherapy,
Behaviour Modification and Nutritional Guidance. It is integrated with Vatsalya, a paediatric
super speciality discipline, which has been redesigned with a child friendly Walt Disney
theme. A multi-disciplinary approach combining expertise of various therapists will work
together to enhance the capabilities of the special children. Army Hospital (R&R) provides
tertiary care referral facilities and is the Centre of Excellence in various subspecialties.
Addition of EIC "Prayas" will help in early diagnosis and institution of necessary therapeutic
interventions to differently abled children during the best window of opportunity, which is
between birth and 6 years of age. This Centre will achieve a quantum leap in therapeutic
outcome of children with developmental delay and thereby aims to achieve immense
improvement in caregiver satisfaction
37. The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi inaugurated International Dairy Federation World
Dairy Summit (IDF WDS) 2022 organised at India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida.
The four-day-long IDF WDS 2022, held from 12th to 15th September, is a congregation of
global and Indian dairy stakeholders including industry leaders, experts, farmers and policy
planners centring around the theme of ‘Dairy for Nutrition and Livelihood’. Around 1500
participants from 50 countries are expected to participate in IDF WDS 2022. The last such
Summit was held in India about half a century ago in 1974.
The Indian dairy industry is unique because it is based on a cooperative model that
empowers small and marginal dairy farmers, especially women. The government has taken
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multiple steps for the betterment of the dairy sector resulting in an increase in milk
production by more than 44% in the last eight years. The success story of the Indian dairy
industry, accounting for about 23% of global milk, producing around 210 million tonnes
annually, and empowering more than 8 crore dairy farmers, was showcased at the IDF WDS
2022.
38. National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) Project, Lothal:
To showcase India’s rich and diverse maritime heritage, a world-class National Maritime
Heritage Complex (NMHC) is proposed to be developed at Lothal, Gujarat by Ministry of
Shipping (MoS), Government of India (GoI) through Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation
Limited (IPRCL). NMHC shall consolidate all diverse and rich artefacts from ancient to
modern times and provide access to public and make them aware, learn and get inspired
from maritime heritage. An edutainment approach using latest technology shall be adopted
for development of NMHC complex. The proposed NMHC shall house National Maritime
Museum; Maritime Heritage based Theme Park, Maritime Research Institute, Nature
Conservation Park, Resorts and Hotels, etc. NMHC shall remain under the ownership of MoS
and IPRCL shall be the custodian of the assets created.
The National Maritime Complex would employ engaging and immersive communication,
revealing spaces, and interactive technology. It will house a meaningful combination of the
traditional and contemporary formats of storytelling. The narrative style of experiential
space design would attract, engage and enroll audiences of all ages and backgrounds.
Layered content will provide scope for both short and long visits.
NMHC will create a touch-point for the ministry to showcase India’s maritime history, it’s
antiquity, achievements and evolution from the ancient era to the present day, Reliving/
recreating maritime experiences of our nautical past, Understanding the impact of seafaring
on India’s history, Emphasizing on the Indian diaspora– slave trade and seafaring trade
communities who emerged through maritime contacts, Inspiring the imagination of today’s
youth about the possibilities of maritime trade and development and to generate
awareness among people about the past, present and the prospective future of India’s
maritime glory.
39. Union Minister for Commerce & Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution and
Textiles Piyush Goyal, released handbook on the subject “Safety in Electrical Installations –
A way forward to Safety by National Electrical Code of India” and Guide for Using National
Building Code of India 2016.
The handbook on Safety in Electrical Installations is jointly developed by BIS and
International Cooper Association (ICA) India. This handbook will create awareness about
Electrical Safety and provides technical guidance for wiring installations in buildings. The
design, installation and other features provided in the handbook will help in understanding
the purpose and application in a simplistic way. This will help electrical engineers and
technicians to understand the basic need and procedure for safe and reliable electrical Low
Voltage installations.
National Building Code of India 2016 (NBC 2016) is a technical document in which all
provisions relating to planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance of
buildings are covered. Implementation of these codal provisions ensures minimum required
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level for the safety, health, amenity, accessibility and sustainability of buildings. In order to
promote the use of NBC 2016, this simplified guide for using the Code has been brought out
by BIS for all stakeholders like academicians, students, building authorities, builders, and
most importantly building professionals like architects, engineers, plumbers, etc. for
understanding the contents of various Parts/Sections of the Code and their interconnection.
For an easy understanding of the technical information provided in the voluminous Code of
more than 2200 pages, the key contents and concept of each of the thirteen parts of NBC
2016 have been laid down in the booklet using infographics and simplified language.
40. The Indian Air Force contingent participating in Exercise Pitch Black 22 in Australia has
returned after successful participation in the multinational exercise.
Exercise Pitch Black 22 was hosted by the Royal Australian Air Force at its Darwin Air Base.
Spanning over a duration of three weeks, the exercise saw the participation of 17 Air Forces
and over 2500 military personnel. The IAF contingent included four Su-30 MKI & two C-17
aircraft. The participating forces took part in various multi-aircraft combat drills by day &
night, simulating complex aerial scenarios, involving large formations. The exercise provided
an opportunity for the air forces to share best practices and experiences. The event
witnessed a collaborative spirit that has led to a better understanding of each other's
capabilities & a bonhomie that will lead to enduring ties between the participating nations.
41. Japan-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise – Jimex 2022:
Naval forces of Japan and India have concluded the week-long bilateral maritime drill, Japan
India Maritime Exercise (JIMEX) 2022.
Conclusion of the exercise was marked by a customary steam past in the Bay of Bengal on
17 September.
Hosted by the Indian Navy, the sixth iteration of JIMEX commenced on 11 September and
involved two different phases, including at sea and a harbour phase, conducted in
Visakhapatnam, India.
Marking 70 years of establishing diplomatic relations between India and Japan, this year’s
bilateral effort was the tenth anniversary of JIMEX, which began in 2012.
The Japan Maritime Self Defence Force’s (JMSDF) Izumo-class multi-purpose helicopter
carrier, JS Izumo, and Takanami-class destroyer, JS Takanami, participated in the exercise.
Meanwhile, Indian Navy’s assets included three indigenous warships, including a Shivalik-
class multi-purpose stealth frigate Sahyadri and two anti-submarine warfare (ASW)
corvettes Kadmatt and Kavaratti.
As part of JIMEX 22, the JMSDF and the Indian Navy collectively undertook a series of
complex drills, including advanced level ASW, weapon firings as well as air defence
exercises.
The forces also carried out replenishment at sea, as part of the Reciprocal Provision for
Supply and Services pact between the two nations.
42. National Lists of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022:
National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) plays an important role in ensuring accessibility
of affordable quality medicines at all levels of healthcare. This will give boost to cost-
effective, quality medicines and contribute towards reduction in Out of Pocket Expenditure
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on healthcare for the citizens. Dr Mansukh Mandaviya, Union Minister for Health and
Family Welfare launched National Lists of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022.
384 drugs have been included in this list with addition of 34 drugs, while 26 from the
previous list have been dropped. The medicines have been categorized into 27 therapeutic
categories.
 The primary purpose of NLEM is to promote rational use of medicines considering the
three important aspects i.e., cost, safety and efficacy. It also helps in optimum utilization
of healthcare resources and budget; drug procurement policies, health insurance;
improving prescribing habits; medical education and training for UG/PG; and drafting
pharmaceutical policies. In NLEM, the medicines are categorized based on level of
healthcare system as: P- Primary; S- Secondary and T- Tertiary.
 The concept is based on the premise that a limited list of carefully selected medicines
will improve quality of health care, provide cost-effective health care and better
management of medicines.
 NLEM is a dynamic document and is revised on a regular basis considering the changing
public health priorities as well as advancement in pharmaceutical knowledge. The
National List of Essential Medicines was first formulated in 1996 and it was revised
thrice earlier in 2003, 2011, and 2015.
 The independent Standing National Committee on Medicines (SNCM) was constituted
by Union Health Ministry in 2018. The Committee after detailed consultation with
experts and stakeholders has revised the NLEM, 2015 and submitted its report on
NLEM, 2022 to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. The Government of India has
accepted the recommendations of the Committee and adopted the list.
Revision of NLEM 2022 has been done after constant consultation with stakeholders
spanning from academia, industrialists and public policy experts etc., and crucial documents
like WHO EML 2021.
The following criteria are followed for inclusion in NLEM:
a) be useful in diseases which is a public health problem in India
b) be licensed/ approved Drugs Controller General (India) (DCGI)
c) have proven efficacy and safety profile based on scientific evidence
d) be comparatively cost effective
e) be aligned with the current treatment guidelines
f) recommended under National Health Programs of India. (e.g. Ivermectin part of
Accelerated Plan for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis 2018).
g) when more than one medicine are available from the same therapeutic class, one
prototype/ medically best suited medicine of that class to be included.
h) price of total treatment is considered and not the unit price of a medicine
i) fixed dose combinations are usually not included
j) vaccines as and when are included in Universal Immunization Program (e.g. Rotavirus
vaccine).
43. In recent years, the country has ramped up efforts towards facilitating global investments in
India and strengthening local manufacturing. One major area of focus towards
indigenization has been the defence sector, as several policy initiatives & reforms to
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encourage indigenous design, development has been taken up. Thus, reducing dependency
on imports of defence equipment.
As part of this, Ministry of Defence has launched the ‘SRIJAN’ portal to promote
indigenization by the industry. Where, 19509 defence items, which were earlier imported,
have been uploaded on the portal for indigenisation till date. Out of them, the Indian
industry has shown interest for indigenisation of 4006 defence items so far. With these
actions from the Government, the expenditure on defence procurement from foreign
sources has reduced from 46% to 36%, thereby reducing import burden, in the last 3 (three)
years i.e., from 2018-19 to 2020-21. Further, the value of production of public & private
sector defence companies have increased from Rs. 79,071 crores to Rs. 84,643 crores in last
two years i.e., 2019-20 and 2020-21.
To supplement this public-private endeavour, Technology Development Board (TDB), a
statutory body under Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India supports M/s
Ghaziabad Precision Products Private Limited, (GPP), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh for
‘Development by Critical machining & Inspection process of accessory components of SU-
30MK1 Aircraft viz. Rotary Pipe Union & Cover respectively, valve train components of 1500
HP Battle Tank Engine and valve train components of Engine Components of Regular BEML
Engines.’ TDB has approved assistance of ₹5.5 crores out of ₹14.2 crores of the total project
cost. Through this project, the company aims to set up a facility for the development and
supply of critically machined accessory components of ‘SUKHOI-30MKI’ to Hindustan
Aeronautic Ltd (HAL) and valve train components of 1500 HP 12V, 25 Litres capacity diesel
engine of Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV) being developed by Combat Vehicles Research
and Development establishment (CVRDE), Avadi and regular Bharat Earth Movers Limited
(BEML) engine to BEML. GPP is a registered vendor of both HAL and BEML and through this
project will be participating in the process of import substitution for some of the
components.
44. NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control):
The National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) had its origin as Central Malaria
Bureau, established at Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) in 1909 and following expansion was
renamed in 1927 as the Malaria Survey of India. The organization was shifted to Delhi in
1938 and called as the Malaria Institute of India (MII). In view of the drastic reduction
achieved in the incidence of malaria under National Malaria Eradication Programme
(NMEP), Government of India decided to reorganize and expand the activities of the
institute to cover other communicable diseases. Thus, on July 30, 1963 the erstwhile MII
was renamed as NICD to shoulder these additional responsibilities.
The institute was established to function as a national centre of excellence for control of
communicable diseases. The function of the institute also included various areas of training
and research using multi-disciplinary integrated approach. The institute was, in addition,
expected to provide expertise to the States and Union Territories (UTs) on rapid health
assessment and laboratory based diagnostic services. Surveillance of communicable
diseases and outbreak investigation also formed an indispensable part of its activities.
The Institute is under administrative control of the Director General of Health Services,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. The Director, an officer of the Public
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Health sub-cadre of Central Health Service, is the administrative and technical head of the
Institute.
The Institute has its headquarters in Delhi and has 8 out-station branches located at Alwar
(Rajasthan), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Kozikode (Kerela), Coonoor (Tamil Nadu), Jagdalpur
(Chattisgarh), Patna (Bihar), Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) and Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
There are several technical Divisions at the headquarters of the institute i.e. Centre for
Epidemiology and Parasitic Diseases (Dept. of Epidemiology, Dept. Parasitic Disease)
Division of Microbiology, Division of Zoonosis, Centre for HIV/AIDS and related diseases,
Centre for Medical Entomology and Vector Management, Division of Malariology and
Coordination, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
45. The military camp at Kibithu, which is very close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in
Arunachal Pradesh, has been renamed “General Bipin Rawat military garrison” in honour
of the country’s first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), who was killed in a chopper crash last
December.
Kibithu is a small hamlet on the banks of the Lohit Valley in the Rest of Arunachal Pradesh
(RALP) close to the LAC. Gen. Rawat commanded his Battalion 5/11 Gorkha Rifles here as a
Colonel from 1999 to 2000.
A gate built in local traditional architectural style was inaugurated by Governor Brigadier
D.B. Mishra (retd). The 22-km road stretch from Walong to Kibithu was dedicated as
General Bipin Rawat Marg.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) Mi-17V5 helicopter with Gen. Rawat, his wife Madhulika Rawat
and 12 others including his staff, the pilots and crew was en route to the Defence Services
Staff College, Wellington from Sulur on December 8 when it crashed in the Nilgris in Tamil
Nadu close to the destination.
A tri-services inquiry ordered by the IAF headed by Air Marshal Manvendra Singh, Air Officer
Commanding-in-Chief, Training Command, found that the accident was a “result of entry
into clouds due to unexpected change in weather conditions in the valley. This led to spatial
disorientation of the pilot resulting in Controlled Flight into Terrain.”
This January, on the eve of Republic Day, General Rawat was posthumously awarded the
Padma Vibushan.
46. 139th report on "Cancer Care Plan and Management: Prevention, Diagnosis, Research &
Affordability of Cancer Treatment" (Chairman – Prof Ram Gopal Yadav):
 Cancer should be classified a notifiable disease, the parliamentary standing committee
on health and family welfare has recommended.
 The committee has said that making cancer a ‘notified disease’ will not only ensure a
robust database of cancer deaths but also help in determining the accurate incidence
and prevalence of the disease in the country.
 It has recommended creation of a CoWin-like portal for the registration, realtime data
collection, counselling, supportive resources for cancer care along with interactive tools.
 The portal can also be equipped to aid those affected by cancer by guiding them
through the treatment and management journey. Cancer is still not classified as a
notifiable disease which results in under-reporting of cancer deaths, it adds.
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 The National Cancer Registry Programme has been working since 1982 through
Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) and Hospital Based Cancer Registry. The panel
says only 10% of Indian population is covered under PBCRs.
 The committee strongly believes that there is an urgent need to have more rural-based
PBCRs to get realistic information about the incidence and type of cancers across India.
 It has also recommended encouraging region-based cancer research projects to
understand the causation of specific cancer in a specific region and come out with the
conclusion and research outcome for cancer treatment. In the northeastern region, for
example, tobacco consumption is high and, therefore, the cases of cancer caused due to
tobacco consumption.
47. The Union Cabinet under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the
addition of four tribes to the list of Scheduled Tribes (ST), including those from Himachal
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh.
 The Hatti tribe in the Trans-Giri area of Sirmour district in Himachal Pradesh,
 the Narikoravan and Kurivikkaran hill tribes of Tamil Nadu, and
 the Binjhia tribe in Chhattisgarh, which was listed as ST in Jharkhand and Odisha but not
in Chhattisgarh, were the communities added to the list.
The Cabinet also approved a proposal to bring the Gond community, residing in 13 districts
of Uttar Pradesh, under the ST list from the Scheduled Caste list. This includes the five
subcategories of the Gond community: Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari and Rajgond.
The Cabinet approved ‘Betta-Kuruba’ as a synonym for the Kadu Kuruba tribe In Karnataka.
In Chhattisgarh, the Cabinet approved synonyms for tribes like the Bharia (variations added
include Bhumia and Bhuyian), Gadhwa (Gadwa), Dhanwar (Dhanawar, Dhanuwar), Nagesia
(Nagasia, Kisan), and Pondh (Pond).
48. On September 17 2022, eight Southeast African cheetahs from Namibia arrived in Madhya
Pradesh's Kuno National Park, where they were released by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi as part of the programme to reintroduce the feline in India.
Kuno National Park is a national park in Madhya Pradesh, India, established in 1981 as a
wildlife sanctuary with an initial area of 344.686 km2 (133.084 sq mi) in
the Sheopur and Morena districts. In 2018, it was given the status of a national park. It is
part of the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion.
Cheetah reintroduction in India involves the attempt to introduce and sustain a small
population of Southeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus, the nominate
subspecies) in India more than 70 years after India's native subspecies, the Asiatic
cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) became extinct there; the Asiatic subspecies is now
found only in Iran in critically endangered numbers.
49. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) earlier this year discovered Buddhist caves and
stupas, and Brahmi inscriptions, dating back to the 2nd century, and Hindu temples from the
9th-11th centuries, and possibly the world’s largest Varaha sculpture also dating to the same
period, at the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
The Varaha sculpture is among the many monolithic sculptures of the 10 incarnations of
Lord Vishnu discovered by the ASI at the national park earlier this year. The exploration took
place 84 years after the last such effort in 1938.
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The ASI team discovered 26 mostly Buddhist caves dating back to the 2nd and 5th centuries.
The caves and some of their remains had Chaitya [rounded] doors and stone beds typical of
Mahayana Buddhism sites.
This discovery brings the total number of caves found in the Bandhavgarh reserve to 76, as
50 are already in the records since the last survey.
50. On 15 Sep 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was exchanged between the
Indian Navy and Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP). The event was attended by the
Chief of Personnel, Vice Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, AVSM, NM from the Navy and senior
functionaries of Amity University, Noida.
The MoU has been concluded to establish academic linkages between the Indian Navy and
Amity University. As per provisions of the MoU, Amity University will conduct customised
courses for the Indian Navy in niche domains, such as, 5G Technology and lot, Control
System Integration, AI, Blockchain, Machine Learning, Cryptology, Data Science, Big Data
Analysis, Digital Marketing, Computer Networks, Anti Drone Warfare, Cyber Warfare
Security, Automation, Surveillance and Tracking etc. These endeavours will also contribute
towards grooming 'Scholar Warriors' who can think better and adopt to the future
challenges of conflict in all domains.
In addition, the participation of Naval personnel in these customised courses is expected to
enhance the educational qualifications, skill base and core competencies of serving Naval
personnel thereby enhancing prospects of 'in-service career benefits. In addition, these
courses will ensure better placements of Naval personnel upon superannuation from
Service.
51. National Logistics Policy (NLP):
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the National Logistics Policy (NLP) on 17th
September, 2022.
The need for a national logistics policy was felt since the logistics cost in India is high as
compared to other developed economies. It is imperative to reduce the logistics cost in
India for improving the competitiveness of Indian goods both in domestic as well as export
markets. Reduced logistics cost improves efficiency cutting across various sectors of the
economy, encouraging value addition and enterprise.
Since 2014, the government has put significant emphasis on improving both Ease of Doing
Business and Ease of Living. National Logistics Policy, a comprehensive effort to address
issues of high cost and inefficiency by laying down an overarching interdisciplinary, cross-
sectoral and multi-jurisdictional framework for the development of the entire logistics
ecosystem, is yet another step in this direction. The policy is an endeavour to improve
competitiveness of Indian goods, enhancing economic growth and increasing employment
opportunities.
It has been the vision of the Prime Minister to develop world class modern infrastructure
through integration of all stakeholders in holistic planning and implementation so that
efficiency and synergy is achieved in the execution of the project. The PM GatiShakti-
National Master Plan for muti-modal connectivity launched by the Prime Minister last year,
was a pioneering step in this direction. PM GatiShakti will get further boost and
complementarity with the launch of National Logistics Policy.
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Key features include:

 Targets: The policy aims to achieve the following targets: (i) reduce Indian logistics costs
to comparable global benchmarks by 2030, (ii) improve India’s ranking in the Logistics
Performance Index to be among the top 25 countries by 2030, and (iii) create a data-
driven decision support mechanism.
 Reduction in logistics cost: Logistics costs are planned to be reduced by improving
efficiency in transport, warehousing, inventory management, and regulatory matters.
Improvement in transport is envisaged through: (i) increment in efficiency through
multimodal infrastructure, (ii) sectoral plans for efficient logistics. The policy seeks to
develop warehouses with optimal spatial planning and facilitate private investment.
Inventory management is sought to be improved through reliable supply chains by
promoting digitalisation.
 Monitoring and coordination: Empowered Group of Secretaries set up under the PM
GatiShakti National Master Plan will monitor the implementation of the National
Logistics Policy. The Empowered Group will set up a Services Improvement Group for
monitoring improvements in processes, regulation, and digitisation in the logistics
sector.
52. India’s Presidency of the prestigious Asia-pacific Institute of Broadcasting Development
(AIBD) has been extended for one more year. This was unanimously decided by the AIBD
member countries at the two day General Conference of the Institute held in New Delhi.
Currently, Mayank Kumar Agrawal, Chief Executive Officer, Prasar Bharati and Director
General, Doordarshan is the President of AIBD.
The Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD), established in 1977 under
the auspices of UNESCO, is a unique regional inter-governmental organisation servicing
countries of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(UN-ESCAP) in the field of electronic media development. The AIBD is mandated to achieve
a vibrant and cohesive electronic media environment in the Asia-Pacific region through
policy and resource development.
The AIBD currently has 26 countries as full members represented by 43 organizations, and
52 affiliate members. The 47th AIBD Annual Gathering / 20th AIBD General Conference and
Associated Meetings held in New Delhi on 19-20 September 2022 witnessed a range of
discussions, presentations and idea exchange sessions especially focusing on the topic of
“Building a Stronger Future of Broadcasting in post pandemic era”. A five year plan for co-
operative activities and exchange programmes was also finalised.
All the participating countries and member broadcasters pledged to work together for a
sustainable broadcasting environment, latest technology know-how, finest content
creation, various co-operative activities.
53. The Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, has approved the following
modifications in the Programme for development of semiconductors and display
manufacturing ecosystem in India:
i. Fiscal support of 50% of Project Cost on pari-passu basis for all technology nodes
under Scheme for Setting up of Semiconductor Fabs in India.
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ii. Fiscal support of 50% of Project Cost on pari-passu basis under Scheme for
Setting up of Display Fabs.
iii. Fiscal support of 50% of Capital Expenditure on pari-passu basis under Scheme
for Setting up of Compound Semiconductors / Silicon Photonics / Sensors Fab
and Semiconductor ATMP /OSAT facilities in India. Additionally, target
technologies under the Scheme will include Discrete Semiconductor Fabs.
Under modified programme, a uniform fiscal support of 50% of Project Cost shall be
provided across all technology nodes for setting up of Semiconductor Fabs. Given the niche
technology and nature of compound semiconductors and advanced packaging, the modified
programme shall also provide fiscal support of 50% of Capital Expenditure in pari-passu
mode for setting up of compound semiconductors / silicon photonics / sensors / Discrete
semiconductors fabs and ATMP/OSAT.
The programme has attracted many global semiconductor players for setting up fabs in
India. The modified programme, will expedite investments in semiconductor and display
manufacturing in India. On the basis of discussion with potential investors, it is expected
that work on setting up of the first semiconductor facility will commence soon.
An Advisory Committee comprising global experts from industry and academia was
constituted to advise India Semiconductor Mission - the nodal agency for the Programme
for development of semiconductors and display manufacturing ecosystem in India. Advisory
Committee has unanimously recommended uniform support for all technology nodes of
silicon semiconductor fabs / Silicon Photonics / Sensors / Discrete Semiconductor Fabs and
ATMP/OSAT, which has been accepted by the Government. The technology nodes of 45nm
and above have high demand which is inter-alia driven by Automotive, Power and Telecom
applications. Moreover, this segment constitutes around 50% of the total semiconductor
market.
54. Seed is complete technology and has potential to enhance productivity of crops by about
20-25%. Availability of good seeds for farming increases production and productivity,
resulting in higher income for farmers besides overall benefitting the agriculture eco system
and the nation’s economy. Due to the erratic and deficit rainfall in some states, this has
necessitated the need for early sowing of rabi crops especially pulses and oilseeds.
For Rabi 2022-23, the focus of the Government is also to provide seed minikits of pulses &
oilseeds targeting monsoon deficit regions in the states apart from the regular distribution.
The minikits are being provided by the Central Agencies such as National Seeds Corporation
(NSC), NAFED etc and these are wholly funded by the Government of India through the
National Food Security Mission.
The Government has approved the massive Seed Minikit Programme for distribution seeds
of newly released high yielding varieties to farmers with the following objectives:
 To popularize the latest crop varieties among the farmers to increase the production
and productivity.
 To distribute seed minikits of pulses and oilseeds in the states where rainfall receiving
low/deficit during Kharif, 2022 such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, part of the
Madhya Pradesh & West Bengal.
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 To cover non- traditional area for rapeseeds & mustard (R&M) in Vidharbha Region of
Maharashtra.
 To distribute major rabi oilseeds as Groundnut for southern states such as Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka and minor oilseeds such as linseed in Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, & Rajasthan and safflower in Maharashtra, Karnataka
& Telangana.
For promotion of pulses, Government has allocated 4.54 lakh numbers of seed minikits of
lentil & urd and 4.04 lakh seed minikits of lentil for 11 states during 2022-23 with an aim of
early sowing especially in rain deficit regions of the states such as Uttar Pradesh (1,11,563
nos), Jharkhand (12,500 nos) & Bihar (12,500 nos). This is 33.8% of total allocation and 39.4
% higher than last year for these three rain deficit states.
The Government is also implementing a special programme (TMU 370) ‘TurMasoorUrad –
370’ from 2022-23 through which 120 districts under Masoor and 150 districts under Urad
are being targeted to increase the production and productivity of these pulse crops by
ensuring maximum convergence of components in these targeted districts.
Oilseeds are being promoted through distribution of around 8.3 lakh seed minikits with
value of Rs. 39.22 crore of various crops namely mustard (575000 minikits with value of Rs.
10.93 crore), groundnut (70500 minikits with value of Rs. 16.07 crore), soybean (125000
minikits with value of Rs. 11.00 crore), safflower (32500 minikits with value of Rs. 0.65
crore) and linseed 26000 minikits with value of Rs. 0.57 crore) free of cost directly to the
farmers. The Government implemented Special Mustard Mission of Rabi 2021-22 which
resulted in increase in area by 20% area and production by 15% production. This year (2022-
23), an allocation of 2653183 rapeseed & mustard seeds minikits with value of Rs. 50.41
crore has been approved for distribution in 301 districts of 18 States as a Special
Programme.
From the year 2014-15, there has been a renewed focus on increasing the production of
oilseeds and pulses. The efforts have yielded good results. Oilseeds production has
increased from 27.51 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 37.70 million tonnes in 2021-22
(4th advance estimates). Pulses production has shown similar increasing trend. The Seed
Minikits programme is a major tool for introducing new varieties of seeds in the farmers’
fields and is instrumental for increasing the seed replacement rate.
The productivity of pulses and oilseeds have increased substantially in last 3 years. In case
of pulses productivity has been increased from 727 kg/ha (2018-19) to 980 kg/ha (4th Adv.
Estimates, 2021-22) i.e. 34.8% increase. Similarly, in oilseed crops productivity has been
increased from 1271 kg/ha (2018-19) to 1292 kg/ha (4th Adv. Estimates, 2021-22).
The Government’s priority is on increasing production of oilseeds and pulses and thus
fulfilling the objective of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The formulated strategies are to increase
production through area expansion, productivity through HYVs, MSP support and
procurement.
55. National Cadet Corps (NCC) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in the presence of Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh in
New Delhi on September 22, 2022 to tackle the issue of plastic pollution and achieve the
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universal goal of clean water bodies through ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’ and ‘Tide Turners
Plastic Challenge programme’.
Pillar of India’s climate change resolve
The ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’ is among the slew of initiatives taken by the Government to
realise the vision of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, which he referred to as
‘Panchamrit’ during the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference, COP26, held in
Glasgow, Scotland between October 31 to November 13, 2021. The Prime Minister had
presented five nectar elements as India’s unprecedented contribution to deal with climate
change. These are:
a) India will take its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030.
b) India will meet 50 per cent of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030.
c) India will reduce the total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes from now till
2030.
d) By 2030, India will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by more than 45 per cent.
e) By 2070, India will achieve the target of Net Zero.
Spiralling Drive
The NCC had, on December 01, 2021, launched ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’, a nationwide
flagship campaign, initially for one month, to clean sea shores of plastic & other waste
material, while raising awareness about the importance of cleanliness. It was subsequently
extended as a Pan-India round-the-year campaign to cover rivers and other water bodies as
well.
The NCC, the largest uniformed youth organisation in the world, mobilised its cadets to
collect plastic and other waste material. The campaign gained tremendous momentum,
acceptance and participation following its launch. Different Ministries and organisations,
including Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Department of Science &
Technology, Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard, Sainik School Society, Army Welfare
Education Society, Border Roads Organisation and National Highways Authority of India
have extended their support to the NCC in this noble cause.
Since the launch of ‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’, over 100 tonnes of plastic waste have been
collected from nearly 1,900 locations by more than 12 lakh NCC cadets, alumni and
volunteers, impacting 1.5 crore people. Of the approximately 100 tonnes of collected plastic
waste, more than 60 tonnes have been handed over for recycling.
‘Puneet Sagar Abhiyan’ – a Tide Turner
Following the growing support and success of the campaign, the UNEP, engaged in this
initiative through their ‘Tide Turner Challenge Programme’, decided to join hands with the
NCC, with the aim to leverage the youth organisation’s strengths. The UN body has the
mandate and knowledge base for addressing various issues relating to environment,
including plastic pollution and has a programme for engaging youth.
The aim of the MoU between NCC and UNEP is to synergise and collate efforts towards
engaging youth for promoting clean water bodies. The objective is to engage in capacity
building and awareness on environmental sustainability through information sharing and
training initiatives; promote opportunities for NCC cadets to participate in appropriate
national & international platforms related to environment and climate change and engage
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in and develop joint initiatives of mutual intent pertaining to environment and climate
change. The MoU, to remain in force for a period of three years, aims at consolidating,
developing and detailing their cooperation and effectiveness to achieve the common
objectives in the field of environment.
56. Ministry of Rural Development has developed “JALDOOT App” that will be used across the
country to capture the water level of selected wells in a village. Union Minister of Rural
Development and Panchayati Raj, Giriraj Singh launched the “JALDOOT App”.
The Jaldoot app will enable Gram Rojgar Sahayak (GRS) to measure the water level of
selected wells twice a year (pre- monsoon and post-monsoon). In every village, adequate
number of measurement locations (2-3) shall need to be selected. These will be
representative of the ground water level in that village.
The app will facilitate panchayats with robust data, which can be further used for better
planning of works. The ground water data could be utilised as part of the Gram Panchayat
Development Plan (GPDP) and Mahatma Gandhi NREGA planning exercises. Further, the
data can also be used for different kinds of research and other purposes.
The country has taken many steps for improvement of water management both in the rural
and urban areas, through watershed development, afforestation, water body development
and renovation, rainwater harvesting and so on. However, withdrawal of ground water, as
also utilization of surface water sources has reached critical levels in many parts of the
country, resulting in significant depletion of water levels causing distress to the community,
including farmers. Therefore measurement and observation of the levels of water tables
across the country has become necessary.
57. A P8I Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft of the Indian Navy participated in the
Multinational Maritime Exercise Kakadu 2022 hosted by Royal Australian Navy in Darwin
from 12 to 25 Sep 22, along with INS Satpura. The exercise had the participation of 34
aircraft from over 20 nations.
The maiden participation of the P8I provided an enhanced exposure to the aircrew,
augmenting the understanding of the varied nuances of collaborative Anti-Submarine and
Anti-Surface Warfare operations in a complex multi-threat scenario.
The seamless operations conducted by P8I in consonance with the exercise theme
‘Partnership, Leadership, Friendship’ along with USN and RAAF P8s enabled refining joint
SOPs and enhance interoperability and reaffirm Indian Navy’s commitment to the Indo-
Pacific.
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General News: World
1. World Coconut Day- 02nd September

2. World PT Day:
In 1996, the World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) now known as World
Physiotherapy designated 8th September as World PT Day. This is the date World
Physiotherapy was founded in 1951.
The day marks the unity and solidarity of the global physiotherapy community. It is an
opportunity to recognise the work that physiotherapists do for their patients and
community. Using World PT Day as a focus, World Physiotherapy aims to support member
organisations in their efforts to promote the profession and advance their expertise.
3. The 2022 Chilean national plebiscite was held on 4 September 2022, in order to determine
whether the public agreed with the text of a new Political Constitution of the
Republic drawn up by the Constitutional Convention. It was commonly referred to as the
"exit plebiscite" (plebiscito de salida).
The proposed constitution, which had faced "intense criticism that it was too long, too left-
leaning and too radical", was rejected by a margin of 62% to 38%.
4. Forces Goal 2030 is a military modernization program of the Bangladesh Armed
Forces which began in 2009 and revised in 2017, designed to the capabilities of the three
services of the Bangladesh armed forces: the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The primary
focus of the modernization program is the reformation of the military organization,
expansion of the forces, the transformation of the indigenous defense sector to support
research and manufacturing, and acquisition of modern military weapons. The requirement
for modernization was realized in the aftermath of 2008 Bangladesh-Myanmar naval
standoff later resulting in Bangladesh's favour. One of the primary objectives of the
modernization program is to develop a three-dimensional force (land, air and sea) capable
of conducting multi-platform warfare.
To fulfil the modernization requirements, the Bangladesh Government allocates funds
exclusively for the program in addition to the defense budget. The funds allocated for the
program during the first five years is estimated to be around forty-thousand crores taka
(US$5.2 billion). The program was revised in 2017, following the Rohingya refugee crisis,
which facilitated a larger monetary allocation towards the modernization program.
5. Australia passed its first major climate change Bill in over a decade, codifying emissions
targets and enshrining into its law for the first time a goal to reach net zero by 2050. The
legislation, a key election promise of Australia’s new centre-left Labour government, aims to
slash emissions in the carbon-intensive economy by 43% from 2005 levels.
Introduced with the Climate Change (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2022, the bill,
outlines Australia's greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets of a 43% reduction from
2005 levels by 2030 and net zero by 2050; requires the minister to prepare and table an
annual climate change statement; requires the Climate Change Authority to give the
minister advice in relation to the annual statement and future greenhouse gas emissions
reduction targets; and provides for periodic reviews of the operation of the Act.
6. G20:
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 India will assume the Presidency of the G20 for one year from 01 December 2022 to 30
November 2023.
 Under its Presidency, India is expected to host over 200 G20 meetings across the
country, beginning December 2022. The G20 Leaders' Summit at the level of Heads of
State/Government is scheduled to be held on 09 and 10 September 2023 in New Delhi.
 The G20, or Group of Twenty, is an intergovernmental forum of the world’s major
developed and developing economies. It comprises 19 countries (Argentina, Australia,
Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea,
Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, UK, USA) and the European Union
(EU). Collectively, the G20 accounts for 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade
and two-thirds of the world population, making it the premier forum for international
economic cooperation. India is currently part of the G20 Troika (current, previous and
incoming G20 Presidencies) comprising Indonesia, Italy and India. During our Presidency,
India, Indonesia and Brazil would form the troika. This would be the first time when the
troika would consist of three developing countries and emerging economies, providing
them a greater voice.
 The G20 currently comprises:
i. Finance Track, with 8 workstreams (Global Macroeconomic Policies,
Infrastructure Financing, International Financial Architecture, Sustainable
Finance, Financial Inclusion, Health Finance, International Taxation, Financial
Sector Reforms)
ii. Sherpa Track, with 12 workstreams (Anti-corruption, Agriculture, Culture,
Development, Digital Economy, Employment, Environment and Climate,
Education, Energy Transition, Health, Trade and Investment, Tourism)
iii. 10 Engagement Groups of private sector/civil society/independent bodies
(Business 20, Civil 20, Labour 20, Parliament 20, Science 20, Supreme Audit
Institutions 20, Think 20, Urban 20, Women 20 and Youth 20).
 In addition to G20 Members, there has been a tradition of the G20 Presidency inviting
some Guest countries and International Organizations (IOs) to its G20 meetings and
Summit. Accordingly, in addition to regular International Organizations (UN, IMF, World
Bank, WHO, WTO, ILO, FSB and OECD) and Chairs of Regional Organizations (AU, AUDA-
NEPAD and ASEAN), India, as G20 Presidency, will be inviting Bangladesh, Egypt,
Mauritius, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Singapore, Spain and UAE as Guest countries, as
well as ISA (International Solar Alliance), CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure) and ADB (Asian Development Bank) as Guest IOs.
7. General elections were held in Sweden on 11 September 2022 to elect the 349 members of
the Riksdag who in turn will elect the Prime Minister of Sweden. Under the constitution,
regional and municipal elections were also held on the same day. The preliminary results
presented on 15 September 2022 showed the government parties lost their majority, which
were confirmed by the final results published on 17 September 2022. The likely outcome of
the election is that Ulf Kristersson, the leader of the Moderate Party (M), will become prime
minister.
8. International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer- 16 September
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The ozone layer, a fragile shield of gas, protects the Earth from the harmful portion of the rays of
the sun, thus helping preserve life on the planet.
The phaseout of controlled uses of ozone depleting substances and the related reductions have
not only helped protect the ozone layer for this and future generations, but have also
contributed significantly to global efforts to address climate change; furthermore, it has
protected human health and ecosystems by limiting the harmful ultraviolet radiation from
reaching the Earth.
Background
A number of commonly used chemicals have been found to be extremely damaging to the ozone
layer. Halocarbons are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked to one or more
halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). Halocarbons containing bromine usually
have much higher ozone-depleting potential (ODP) than those containing chlorine. The man-
made chemicals that have provided most of the chlorine and bromine for ozone depletion are
methyl bromide, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and families of chemicals known as
halons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The scientific confirmation of the depletion of the ozone layer prompted the international
community to establish a mechanism for cooperation to take action to protect the ozone layer.
This was formalized in the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, which was
adopted and signed by 28 countries, on 22 March 1985. In September 1987, this led to the
drafting of The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Montreal Protocol
The principal aim of the Montreal Protocol is to protect the ozone layer by taking measures to
control total global production and consumption of substances that deplete it, with the ultimate
objective of their elimination on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge and
technological information. It is structured around several groups of ozone-depleting substances.
The groups of chemicals are classified according to the chemical family and are listed in annexes
to the Montreal Protocol text. The Protocol requires the control of nearly 100 chemicals, in
several categories. For each group or annex of chemicals, the Treaty sets out a timetable for the
phase-out of production and consumption of those substances, with the aim of eventually
eliminating them completely.
The timetable set by the Protocol applies to consumption of ozone depleting substances.
Consumption is defined as the quantities produced plus imported, less those quantities exported
in any given year. There is also a deduction for verified destruction. Percentage reductions relate
to the designated base-line year for the substance. The Protocol does not forbid the use of
existing or recycled controlled substances beyond the phase-out dates.
There are a few exceptions for essential uses where no acceptable substitutes have been found,
for example, in metered dose inhalers (MDI) commonly used to treat asthma and other
respiratory problems or halon fire-suppression systems used in submarines and aircraft.
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16 September the International Day
for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (resolution 49/114).
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Implementation of the Montreal Protocol

Implementation of the Montreal Protocol progressed well in developed and developing
countries. All phase-out schedules were adhered to in most cases, some even ahead of schedule.
Attention focused initially on chemicals with higher ozone-depletion potentials including CFCs
and halons. The phase-out schedule for HCFCs was more relaxed due to their lower ozone-
depletion potentials and because they have also been used as transitional substitutes for CFCs.
The HCFC phase-out schedule was introduced in 1992 for developed and developing countries,
the latter with a freeze in 2015, and final phase-out by 2030 in developed countries and 2040 in
developing countries. In 2007, Parties to the Montreal Protocol decided to accelerate the HCFC
phase-out schedule for both developed and developing countries.
Universal ratification
On 16th September 2009, the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol became the first
treaties in the history of the United Nations to achieve universal ratification.
Kigali Amendment
The Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer reached
agreement at their 28th Meeting of the Parties on 15 October 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda to phase-
down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
9. The International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes (ISCCL) is a committee of
scientific experts on cultural landscapes that works, as a part of the International Council on
Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), to develop international guidance on cultural landscape
documentation and management, and to prepare expert recommendations for prospective
World Heritage nominations. The committee functions as a joint effort with members from both
ICOMOS and the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA).
The parent organization of the ISCCL, the International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) was established in 1965. However, it was not until 1971 that the ISCCL was first
established with an initial focus on gardens. The broadening of focus to cultural landscapes in
1999 reflected a changing understanding of the role of landscapes in culture and heritage, and as
the link between humans and nature. The Committee is well known for its work to produce the
ICOMOS Florence Charter on Historic Gardens (1982), which at the time was innovative for the
recognition of dynamic plant assemblages in historic gardens as a form of 'monument'.
10. Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Josie, was a powerful tropical
cyclone that impacted Japan. The fourteenth named storm, seventh typhoon, and second super
typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season, Nanmadol was also the most intense tropical
cyclone worldwide in 2022. The system originated from a disturbance to the east of Iwo
Jima which the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated as a tropical depression on
September 12.
The storm gradually became better organized, with its sustained winds reaching typhoon
strength two days later. It then rapid intensification, with its wind speed increasing by 45 km/h
(30 mph). Nanmadol peaked with winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and a central pressure of
910 mbar (26.87 inHg) on September 17, and also briefly entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility, where it received the name Josie. Following peak intensity, the storm began an
eyewall replacement cycle and tracked north towards Japan, where it made landfall on Southern
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Kyushu on September 18. Later, Nanmadol became a severe tropical storm on September 19,
before transitioning into an extratropical low early the next day.
In preparation for the storm, more than half a million people were evacuated in Japan, a rare
"special warning" was issued for Kagoshima by the JMA. In Kagoshima, 8,000 fled their homes,
with another 12,000 in evacuation shelters. In South Korea, 7,000 households also experienced
power outages. Four deaths were attributed to Nanmadol, all in Japan.
11. Hurricane Ian was a large and destructive Category 4 Atlantic hurricane. It was the deadliest
hurricane to strike the state of Florida since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane. Ian caused
widespread damage across western Cuba and the southeast United States, especially the states
of Florida and South Carolina. It was the ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major
hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
Ian originated from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of West Africa and then across the
central tropical Atlantic towards the Windward Islands. The wave moved into the Caribbean
Sea on September 21, bringing gusty winds and heavy rain to Trinidad and Tobago, the ABC
islands, and to the northern coast of South America. It became organized as a tropical depression
on the morning of September 23, and strengthened into Tropical Storm Ian early the next day
while located southeast of Jamaica. It then rapidly intensified into a high-end Category 3
hurricane within a 24-hour period, culminating in a landfall in western Cuba. Heavy rainfall from
Ian caused widespread flooding across Cuba, resulting in a nation-wide power outage. Ian lost a
minimal amount of strength while over land, and soon restrengthened over the
southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Ian became a high-end Category 4 hurricane early on September
28, 2022, as it progressed towards the west coast of Florida, and made landfall at near peak
intensity in southwest Florida on Cayo Costa Island, tying with several other storms as the 5th-
strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous United States. After moving
inland, Ian rapidly weakened to a tropical storm before moving back offshore into Atlantic,
where it reintensified back to a hurricane before making its final landfall in South Carolina.
12. World Patient Safety Day- 17 September:
Every person around the world will, at some point in their life, take medications to prevent or
treat illness. However, medications sometimes cause serious harm if incorrectly stored,
prescribed, dispensed, administered or if monitored insufficiently.
Unsafe medication practices and medication errors are a leading cause of avoidable harm in
health care across the world. Medication errors occur when weak medication systems and
human factors such as fatigue, poor environmental conditions or staff shortages affect the safety
of the medication use process. This can result in severe patient harm, disability and even death.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly exacerbated the risk of medication errors and
associated medication-related harm. It is in this context that ‘Medication Safety’ has been
selected as the theme for World Patient Safety Day 2022, with the slogan ‘Medication Without
Harm’.
The global campaign reaffirms the objectives of the WHO Global Patient Safety
Challenge: Medication Without Harm launched by WHO in 2017. The campaign calls on
stakeholders to prioritize and take early action in key areas associated with significant patient
harm due to unsafe medication practices. These include high-risk situations, transitions of care,
polypharmacy (concurrent use of multiple medications) and look-alike, sound-alike medications.
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The campaign will provide a special focus on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for
medication safety, considering the serious disruption in the provision of health services.
World Patient Safety Day is one of WHO’s global public health days. It was established in 2019 by
the Seventy-second World Health Assembly through the adoption of resolution WHA72.6 –
“Global action on patient safety”. Its objectives are to increase public awareness and
engagement, enhance global understanding, and work towards global solidarity and action by
Member States to enhance patient safety and reduce patient harm.
13. International Day of Sign Languages (IDSL) is celebrated annually across the world on 23
September every year along with International Week of the Deaf.
The choice of 23 September is the same date that the World Federation of the Deaf was
established in 1951.
14. Rosh HaShanah is the Jewish New Year. The biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah, literally
"day of shouting or blasting." It is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days ("Days of Awe"), as
specified by Leviticus 23:23–25, that occur in the late summer/early autumn of the Northern
Hemisphere. Rosh Hashanah begins a ten-day period of penitence culminating in Yom Kippur, as
well as beginning the cycle of autumnal religious festivals running through Sukkot and ending
in Shemini Atzeret.
Rosh Hashanah is a two-day observance and celebration that begins on the first day of Tishrei,
which is the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year. In contrast to the ecclesiastical lunar new
year on the first day of the first month Nisan, the spring Passover month which marks
Israel's exodus from Egypt, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the civil year, according to the
teachings of Judaism, and is the traditional anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, the first
man and woman according to the Hebrew Bible, as well as the initiation of humanity's role in
God's world.
Rosh Hashanah customs include sounding the shofar (a cleaned-out ram's horn), as prescribed in
the Torah, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on Yom Teruah. Its
rabbinical customs include attending synagogue services and reciting
special liturgy about teshuva, as well as enjoying festive meals. Eating symbolic foods is now a
tradition, such as apples dipped in honey, hoping to evoke a sweet new year.
15. Since 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization has celebrated World Tourism
Day as international observances on September 27. This date was chosen as on that day in 1970,
the Statutes of the UNWTO were adopted. The adoption of these Statutes is considered a
milestone in global tourism. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness on the role
of tourism within the international community and to demonstrate how it affects social, cultural,
political and economic values worldwide.
At its Twelfth Session in Istanbul, Turkey, in October 1997, the UNWTO General Assembly
decided to designate a host country each year to act as the Organization's partner in the
celebration of World Tourism Day. At its Fifteenth Session in Beijing, China, in October 2003, the
Assembly decided the following geographic order to be followed for World Tourism Day
celebrations: 2006 in Europe; 2007 in South Asia; 2008 in the Americas; 2009 in Africa and 2011
in the Middle East. The late Ignatius Amaduwa Atigbi, a Nigerian national, was the one who
proposed the idea of marking September 27 of every year as World Tourism Day. He was finally
recognized for his contribution in 2009. The colour of World Tourism Day is Blue.
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Awards
1. Hardeep S. Puri presented Smart Solutions Challenge & Inclusive Cities Awards 2022.
Launched in April 2022, the Smart Solutions and Inclusive Cities Awards 2022 was designed
with the aim of promoting people-centric design and to foster novel home-
grown technological innovations and solutions.
Over 100 entries were received through an open call for applications, out of which the
top 10 technology-based innovations were identified as winning solutions after an
intensive round of screenings and shortlisting by an eminent 7-member jury panel. The top
10 technology-based solutions were awarded the Inclusive Cities Awards 2022;
Category 1: Early-stage Innovations
i. Fifth Sense by Glovatrix Pvt. Ltd
ii. Digital Mobility Subsidy by Ola Mobility Institute
iii. AxcesAble Places by AxcesAble Designs LLP
Category 2: Market-ready Solutions
i. Mouseware by Dextroware Devices
ii. Signer.AI by Incluistic Pvt. Ltd. / Friends for Inclusion
iii. IncluMaps by Vikas Upadhyay, Research Scholar, IIT Delhi
Category 3: Implemented Solutions
i. Multi-Dimensional Inclusiveness: Using Advanced Technologies for Education and
Literacy by Belagavi Smart City Ltd.
ii. myUDAAN by Tekra Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
iii. ‘Moving with Pride’ (Mo Bus and Mo E-Ride) by Capital Region Urban Transport
(CRUT), Odisha
iv. Nirbhaya App by Sagar Smart City Ltd.
2. National Teachers' Awards- 2022:
The purpose of National Awards to Teachers is to celebrate the unique contribution of
some of the finest teachers in the country and to honor those teachers who through their
commitment and industry have not only improved the quality of school education but also
enriched the lives of their students.
The president of India Smt. Droupadi Murmu conferred National Teachers' Awards- 2022 to
45 most talented teachers who were selected as awardees from all over the country on the
occasion of Teachers’ Day. Among the 45 awardees, an able and outstanding principal of
Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS) Gangyap, Sikkim, Shri Sidharth Yonzone is
bestowed with the award by the President at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Sh. Sidharth has
demonstrated his commitment and diligence towards profession, by way of making
remarkable contributions to elevate the status of EMRS Gangyap and take the school’s
name to newer heights. His most unique accomplishments constitute amalgamation of
joyful learning techniques such as that of making sports and music as epicentre of learning.
The Union Ministry of Education, Department of School Education & Literacy constituted an
Independent Jury at National Level to bestow the National Award to Teachers (NAT) for the
year 2022. Sh. Sidharth made it to the list of 45 outstanding teachers from all over India
selected after 3-stage rigorous online transparent process.
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3. 75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow:

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has opened entries for ‘75 Creative Minds of
Tomorrow’. The segment is an annual platform at the International Film Festival of India
held in Goa, to identify, encourage and nurture young creative talents from across various
aspects of filmmaking.
The initiative is in its second year, having been launched in 2021 to mark the 75th year of
India’s independence as part of the ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ celebrations. The number of
filmmakers being recognised is symbolic of the years of Indian Independence. The 75
creative minds will be shortlisted and selected on the basis of their submissions by an
eminent jury, under the aegis of the National Film Development Corporation ahead of the
53rd edition of International Film Festival of India. This program identifies young budding
film makers and provides them a platform to interact and learn from national as well as
international film makers during the period of IFFI, Goa.
This is a one-of-a-kind platform, with the largest gathering of young creative minds being
selected through a competition at any premier film festival the world over; it was
conceptualised in 2021 by Anurag Singh Thakur, Union Minister for Information and
Broadcasting, Youth Affairs and Sports to provide a platform and connect young talent with
the masters of industry from the media and entertainment sector.
During the festival event in Goa, the selected ’75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow’ will also
attend workshops and sessions especially curated by the masters of cinema. Further, each
team will take part in a group competition to make a short film in 53 hours. The themes of
the short film will be based on the spirit of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav wherein the teams will
showcase their idea of India@100. The selected creative minds will be made part of seven
teams in consultation with Shorts TV, the programming partner of this initiative. The films
produced by the seven teams will have a theatrical screening on 24th November 2022 at IFFI
following by an award ceremony to celebrate the winning Film. All participants shall be
recognised for participating in the competition challenge.
The initiative also is another step in the direction of making India a content and post
production hub for the world, by identifying, nurturing and up-skilling young talent and
making them industry connected as well as ready. The initiative is nurturing as well as
building an ecosystem of young filmmakers allowing them to network as well as collaborate
from an early stage. The Ministry has planned to introduce productive interventions so that
the participants can utilise this opportunity for gainful employment in the Media &
Entertainment space.
4. Madam Halimah Yacob, the President of Republic of Singapore, conferred the prestigious
Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera) [Meritorious Service Medal (Military)] on Admiral Sunil
Lanba (Retd), the former Chief of Naval Staff, Indian Navy. Dr Ng Eng Hen, Defence Minister
of Singapore presented the award to Admiral Sunil Lanba (Retd), on behalf of the President,
in a solemn Investiture Ceremony, held on 08 Sep 22 at the Ministry of Defence, Singapore.
The award is a recognition of strong bilateral defence ties between India and Singapore as
well as stellar contribution of Adm Sunil Lanba to strengthen the engagements between the
two Navies. During his tenure as the Chief of Naval Staff, the Indian Navy hosted the 25th
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edition of Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) at Visakhapatnam in Oct

2018.
The Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera) (Meritorious Service Medal (Military)) is
a decoration awarded to members of the Singapore Armed Forces for exceptionally
distinguished performance or extraordinary service, or the furtherance of links with
overseas forces. Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PJG.
5. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited-Visakhapatnam (RINL) Steel Plant, under Ministry of Steel has
been awarded the country's best Rajbhasha Keerthi Puraskar by the Department of Official
Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, on the occasion of National Hindi Day, Celebrations at
Surat, Gujarat. For the fourth consecutive time, RINL bagged the First prize of Rajbhasha
Keerthi Puraskar in 'C' category (non-Hindi speaking states of the India) for implementation
of Hindi. This year, the award distribution was jointly organized with 2nd All-India Rajbhasha
Sammelan.
In the Hindi In-House magazine category, RINL's Hindi magazine ‘Sugandh’ again adjudged
the best magazine in ‘C’ Region and awarded the “first prize of Rajbhasha Keerthi Puraskar”.
Town official Language Implementation Committee (TOLIC)-(PSU), Visakhapatnam
coordinated by RINL was also awarded the second prize in 'C' category at the same function.
Hindi Day is celebrated in India to commemorate the date 14 September 1949 on which a
compromise was reached- during the drafting of the Constitution of India- on the languages
that were to have official status in the Republic of India. The compromise, usually called the
Munshi-Ayyangar formula, after drafting committee members K. M. Munshi and N.
Gopalaswami Ayyangar, was voted by the Constituent Assembly of India after three years of
debate between two opposing camps. The Hindi protagonists wanted Hindi to be the sole
"national language" of India; the delegates from South India preferred English to have a
place in the Constitution. The Munshi-Ayyangar formula declared (i) Hindi to be the "official
language" of India's federal government; (ii) English to be an associate official language for
15 years during which Hindi's formal lexicon would be developed; and (iii) the international
form of the Hindu-Arabic numerals to be the official numerals. The compromise resolution
became articles 343–351 of India's constitution, which went into effect on 26 January 1950.
6. Former U.S. President Barack Obama was awarded an Emmy for narrating his Netflix
documentary series Our Great National Parks, the Television Academy announced recently.
Mr. Obama had already won a pair of Grammy Awards— for audio versions of his
memoirs The Audacity of Hope and Dreams from My Father— so he now only needs an
Oscar and a Tony to complete the estimable EGOT (referring to those who have won an
Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony). To date, 17 people have done it.
The Emmy award makes him only the second US president in history to garner one; Dwight
Eisenhower, was the first with a 1956 honorary award for becoming the first president to
conduct a televised news conference.
Our Great National Parks, which was produced by Higher Ground Productions, the Netflix-
based production company Obama and his wife Michelle set up in 2018 after their White
House exit, focuses on spectacular national parks from around the globe- including the
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Kenya's Tsavo National Park, and the Chilean
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Patagonia. Its five episodes are all narrated by Obama, who can now add it to his roster of
award-winning voice work.
In 2006 and 2008, Obama snapped up Grammy wins in the Spoken Word Album category
for his readings of his memoirs, Dreams From My Father and The Audacity Of Hope:
Thoughts On Reclaiming The American Dream. He was also nominated a third time in 2022
for his reading of A Promised Land.
He beat out fellow nominees David Attenborough, W. Kamau Bell, Lupita Nyong'o and
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
7. Nilambur and Thrissur (both from Kerala) have joined the UNESCO Global Network of
Learning Cities (GNLC) by promoting lifelong learning among its people.
Nilambur, the land of teak, and Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala, have become the first
Indian towns to attain the UNESCO recognition, along with Warangal in Telangana.
The three Indian towns were among the 77 new members from 44 countries to join the
GNLC this year. The UNESCO GNLC is an international network consisting of cities that
successfully promote lifelong learning across their communities. It has 294 cities in 76
countries that share inspiration, know-how and best practice among each other.
According to UNESCO Director General Audrey Azoulay, the newly admitted UNESCO
learning cities, including Nilambur, Thrissur and Warangal, have a wealth of expertise and
commitment in ensuring that the right to education becomes a reality for people of all ages.
Nilambur, Thrissur and Warangal were nominated by the National Commission for UNESCO
and recommended by a jury of experts considering the city administration’s commitment to
lifelong learning and its track record of good practices and policy initiatives.
The geographic location of Nilambur with its ‘cruising town’ status and potentials in
agriculture and tourism helped attain the UNESCO recognition.
What is the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC)?
The UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities is an international policy-oriented network
providing inspiration, know-how and best practice. Learning cities at all stages of
development can benefit greatly from sharing ideas with other cities, as solutions for issues
that arise as one learning city develops may already exist in other cities. The Network
supports the achievement of all seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in
particular SDG 4 (‘Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all’) and SDG 11 (‘Make cities and human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient and sustainable’). The UNESCO GNLC supports and improves the practice of
lifelong learning in the world’s cities by promoting policy dialogue and peer learning among
member cities; forging links; fostering partnerships; providing capacity development; and
developing instruments to encourage and recognize progress made in building learning
cities.
8. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in the field of cinema. It is presented
annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an
organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The recipient is
honoured for their "outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian
cinema" and is selected by a committee consisting of eminent personalities from the Indian
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film industry. The award comprises a Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) medallion, a shawl, and
a cash prize of ₹1,000,000 (US$13,000).
Presented first in 1969, the award was introduced by the Government of India to
commemorate Dadasaheb Phalke's contribution to Indian cinema. Phalke (1870–1944), who
is popularly known as and often regarded as "the father of Indian cinema", was an Indian
filmmaker who directed India's first full-length feature film, Raja Harishchandra (1913).
The first recipient of the award was actress Devika Rani, who was honoured at the 17th
National Film Awards. As of 2022, there have been 52 awardees. Among those,
actor Prithviraj Kapoor (1971) and actor Vinod Khanna (2017) are the only posthumous
recipients. Kapoor's actor-filmmaker son, Raj Kapoor, accepted the award on his behalf at
the 19th National Film Awards in 1971 and was also himself a recipient in 1987 at the 35th
National Film Awards ceremony.
Recipients also include several pairs of siblings, received this award in different years, for
example: B. N. Reddy (1974) and B. Nagi Reddy (1986); Raj Kapoor (1987) and Shashi
Kapoor (2014); Lata Mangeshkar (1989) and Asha Bhosle (2000); B. R. Chopra (1998)
and Yash Chopra (2001).
Veteran actor Asha Parekh was honoured in the 68th National Film Awards for the year
2020 in a function held in New Delhi, on 30 September 2022.
9. The city of Varanasi has been nominated as the first-ever SCO Tourism and Cultural Capital
during the period 2022-2023 at the 22nd Meeting of Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO) Council of Heads of State in Samarkand, Uzbekistan on September 16, 2022. Prime
Minister Narendra Modi had participated in the Summit.
The nomination of Varanasi as the first ever SCO Tourism and Cultural Capital will promote
tourism, cultural and humanitarian exchanges between India and the SCO member
Countries. It also underlines India’s ancient civilizational links with Member States of SCO,
especially the Central Asian Republics.
Under the framework of this major cultural outreach program, a number of events will be
hosted in Varanasi during 2022- 23, for which guests will be invited to participate from SCO
Member States. These events are expected to attract Indologists, scholars, authors,
musicians and artists, photo journalists, travel bloggers and other invited guests.
The regulations for nomination of the SCO Tourism and Cultural Capital were adopted at the
Dushanbe SCO Summit in 2021 with an objective of promoting cooperation between the
SCO Member States in the field of culture and tourism.
10. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) has been awarded National Energy Leader Award for
fourth time consecutively and Excellent Energy Efficient Unit Award for sixth time in row
from 2017 onwards from Confederation of Indian Industry Godrej Green Business Centre. It
is rare achievement in any Integrated Steel Plant and PSU to win National Energy Leader
Award Continuously for four years.
RINL reduced specific energy consumption from 6.25 Gcal (Giga calories) / tCS (ton of crude
steel) to 6.02 Gcal/tCS in 2021-22 and registered a reduction of about 4% over previous
year. RINL is pioneer in installing state of art cleaner Technologies like Coke Dry Quenching,
Sinter Heat Recovery Power Plant, Top Pressure Recovery Turbine, and LD Gas Recovery.
RINL has taken various measures such as increasing waste heat recovery, Increase in
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Pulverised Coal Injection in BF and reduction in BF Gas bleeding. RINL has made a specific
action plan to decarbonise Steel (Achieving Net Zero emissions) and to achieve carbon
neutrality by 2047 in line with MoS objective. RINL also obtained the largest number of
Energy Saving Certificates (Escerts) in Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) 2nd Cycle. RINL is
the first Integrated Steel Plant to adopt ISO 50001 Energy Management System.
11. In a significant achievement and recognition to country’s efforts against hypertension, India
has won an UN award for its “India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI)”, a large-scale
hypertension intervention under National Health Mission. IHCI has been recognized for its
exceptional work within India’s existing primary healthcare system.
A collaborative initiative of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR), State Governments and World Health Organization-India, IHCI has won
the ‘2022 UN Interagency Task Force, and WHO Special Programme on Primary Health
Care Award’ at the UN General Assembly side event held on 21st September 2022 at New
York, USA. The award recognizes outstanding commitment and action of India to: (i) prevent
and control Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and (ii) deliver integrated people-centric
primary care. The UN Task Force has identified organisation which has multisectoral
approach in prevention and control of NCDs and multisectoral action with demonstrated
results at primary care for prevention and control of NCDs and related Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
Significance of the initiative can be adjudged from the fact that one in four adults in India
has high blood pressure. The control of hypertension at primary care system level will
contribute to reducing deaths due to heart attacks, stroke and kidney failures.
IHCI has been able to leverage and strengthen the existing healthcare delivery system,
hypertension control interventions under National Health Mission and improve the linkages
between populations-based screening initiative with health care. The initiative was
launched in 2017 and expanded in a phased manner to cover more than 130 districts across
23 states. Under the initiative, more than 34 lakh people with hypertension are taking
treatment in government health facilities, including Ayushman Bharat Health Wellness
Centres (HWCs). The project strategies are easily scalable within the health system. The
strategies include a simple drug-dose-specific standard treatment protocol, ensuring
adequate quantity of protocol medications, decentralization of care with follow-up and
refills of medicines at Health Wellness Centres, task sharing involving all health staff and a
powerful real-time information system which can track every patient for follow-up and
blood pressure control. Under IHCI, nearly half of those who were treated had blood
pressure under control.
The IHCI complements the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Diabetes,
Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS) of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
Government of India. IHCI accelerates the achievement of targets of the Government of
India by ensuring a continuum of care and giving a boost to the ongoing “Ayushman Bharat”
programme.
12. The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu presented the National Service Scheme
Awards for the year 2020-2021 at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
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Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Department of Youth Affairs confers every year the
National Service Scheme Award to recognize and reward outstanding contributions towards
voluntary community service made by the Universities/+2 Council, Programme Officers/NSS
Units and NSS Volunteers, with a view to further promote NSS in the country. At Present,
NSS has about 40 lakh volunteers on its rolls spread over the country. The details of
National Service Scheme (NSS) Award for the year 2020-21 in 3 different categories are as
under:
S. Categories No. of Value of Award

No. Awards
1 University/ +2 2 First Award: Rs.5,00,000/- (for NSS
Council Programme Development) with a
Trophy to the University/ +2 Council.
A Certificate and a Silver Medal to
the Programme Coordinator.
Second Award: Rs.3,00,000 lakh (for

NSS Programme Development) with a
Trophy to the University/ +2 Council.
A Certificate and a Silver Medal to
the Programme Coordinator.
2 NSS Units and 10+10 Rs.2,00,000/- to each NSS
their Programme Unit (For NSS Programme
Officers Development), with a Trophy.
Rs. 1,50,000/- to each Programme

Officer with a Certificate and a Silver
Medal.
3 NSS Volunteers 30 Rs. 1,00,000/- to each Volunteer,
with a Certificate and a Silver Medal.
NSS is a Centrally Sector Scheme which was launched in the year 1969 with the primary
objective of developing the personality and character of the student youth through
voluntary community service. The ideological orientation of the NSS is inspired by the ideals
of Mahatma Gandhi. Very appropriately, the motto of NSS is “NOT ME, BUT YOU”(‘ वयं से
पहले आप’).
Briefly, the NSS volunteers work on issues of social relevance, which keep evolving in
response to the needs of the community, through regular and special camping activities.
Such issues include (i) literacy and education, (ii) health, family welfare and nutrition, (iii)
environment conservation, (iv) social service programmes, (v) programmes for
empowerment of women, (vi) programmes connected with economic development
activities, (vii) rescue and relief during calamities, (viii) Swachhata activities, etc.
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Legal and Indian Polity
1. President Droupadi Murmu has appointed Justice D.Y. Chandrachud as the Executive
Chairman of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), the Union Law Ministry said in
a notification.
Justice Chandrachud takes up the position that became vacant after Justice U.U. Lalit was
elevated as the 49th Chief Justice of India (CJI).
The NALSA has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide
free legal services to the weaker sections of society. While the CJI is the Patron-in-Chief, the
second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court of India is the Executive Chairperson of the
authority.
Before being elevated as a judge of the Supreme Court, Justice Chandrachud served as the
Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court and prior to that a judge of the Bombay High
Court. He was made a senior advocate in the Bombay High Court in June 1998. That year, he
was appointed an Additional Solicitor General of India, a role he held until his appointment
as a judge.
The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal
Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the
society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.
In every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the
policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and
conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by Hon’ble
the Chief Justice of the respective High Court who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal
Services Authority. A Seniormost Judge of High Court is nominated as Executive Chairman,
SLSA.
In every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal
Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the
District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective
district. A Civil Judge Cadre Judicial Officer is appointed as Secretary on full time basis.
2. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection Amendment) Model Amendment Rules, 2022:
The Ministry of Women and Child Development notified amendments to the Juvenile Justice
(Care and Protection of Children) Model Rules, 2016. Rules have been notified under the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015. States may adopt these Rules to
implement provisions of the Act. Key amendments include:
 Membership of Child Welfare Committees (CWCs): The Rules provide that the
Chairperson and members of CWCs should be above 35 years of age. Qualifications of
these members include: (i) minimum seven years of experience working with children in
various fields such as education, or health, or (ii) practicing professional with a degree in
child psychology, or (iii) retired judicial officer. The amendments add a maximum age
limit of 65 years for the Chairperson and members. Further, they must have a degree in
any relevant field which includes child psychology, law, social work, or special education
for differently abled children. In addition, they should also have relevant work
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experience which includes involvement in health, education, or welfare activities for

children for minimum seven years.
 Grievances against CWC: The amendments add that any grievance against the
functioning of CWCs may be filed by the affected child (or anyone connected with the
child) before the District Magistrate (DM). The grievance shall be disposed of within 30
days.
 Adoption related reporting: The CWCs provide data on children declared legally free for
adoption and cases pending for decisions to the Central Adoption Resource Authority
(CARA). The amendments add that CARA will provide such information on a monthly
basis. Such information will also be provided to the DM who, after reviewing the
information, shall take measures to expedite the process of adoption of children.
3. In a historic judgment, the Supreme Court declared that single women with pregnancies
between 20 and 24 weeks are entitled to access the same safe and legal abortion care as
married women.
In India, termination of pregnancies is to be done strictly in terms of the MTP Act. The
preamble of the MTP Act states that it is an “Act to provide for the termination of certain
pregnancies by registered medical practitioners and for matters connected therewith or
incidental thereto.” The MTP Act specifies the requirements to be fulfilled for terminating a
pregnancy, including the persons who are competent to perform the termination
procedure, circumstances when abortion is permissible, and places where the procedure
may be performed.
A three-judge Bench, led by Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, pried open the restrictive grip of a
51-year-old abortion law which barred unmarried women from terminating pregnancies
that are up to 24 weeks old.
The judgment came in an appeal by a person who wanted to terminate her pregnancy
before her term completed 24 weeks. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act,
1971 prohibits unmarried women who are between 20 and 24 weeks’ pregnant to abort
with the help of registered doctors.
“The rights of reproductive autonomy, dignity and privacy give an unmarried woman the
right of choice as to whether or not to bear a child on a similar footing as that of a married
woman,” Justice Chandrachud held in an order issued on a petition filed by a person who
chose to remain anonymous.
The court declared that prohibiting single women with pregnancies up to 24 weeks from
accessing abortion while allowing married women with the same term of pregnancy to avail
the care amounted to discrimination. The court said a single woman may have suffered the
same “change in material circumstances” as a married pregnant woman.
[Civil Appeal No 5802 of 2022 (Arising out of SLP (C) No 12612 of 2022); X Versus The
Principal Secretary, Health and Family Welfare Department, Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Anr.]
4. The Ministry of Home Affairs notified the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Rules, 2022
under the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022. The Act allows police officers or
prison officers to collect certain identifiable information (such as fingerprints, biological
samples) from convicts or those who have been arrested for an offence. The Rules specify
the manner of taking certain information, persons authorised to collect information,
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manner of collecting, storing, sharing such records, and the disposal of such records. Key
features of the Rules are as follows:
 Taking measurements: Under the Act, all convicts, arrested persons, and persons
detained under any preventive detention law may be required to give their
measurements. The Rules specify that for certain persons measurements will not be
taken unless they have been charged or arrested in connection with any other offence.
These persons include those violating prohibitory orders which are issued under
Sections 144 or 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), or arrested under
preventive detention under Section 151 of CrPc.
 Storage of measurement records: The Rules specify that the National Crime Records
Bureau (NCRB) will issue the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for taking
measurements including: (i) specifications and the format of the measurements to be
taken, (ii) specifications of the devices to be used for taking these measurements, and
(iii) the method of handling and storing these measurements at the state level. The SOPs
may also provide: (i) the digital format to which each measurement should be converted
before uploading on to the database, and (ii) the encryption method to be followed.
 Destruction of records: The Act provides that the records will be destroyed in case of
persons who: (i) have not been previously convicted (of an offence with imprisonment),
and (ii) are released without trial, discharged, or acquitted by the court, unless directed
otherwise by the Magistrate or court. The NCRB will destroy the records as prescribed.
The Rules provide that the SOP will provide the procedure for destruction and disposal
of records. The state or central government or Union Territory administration will
appoint a Nodal Officer to whom requests for destruction of record of measurements
will be made. The Nodal Officer will recommend destruction of records to the NCRB
after verifying that such records are not linked with any other criminal cases.
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Personality: India
1. Puli Thevar was a Tamil Palaiyakkarar who ruled Nerkattumseval, situated in

the Sankarankoil taluk, Tenkasi, formerly Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu. He is notable fighting
against East India Company at 1759 - 1761 in India. Ondiveeran and Venni Kaladi were the
generals of Thevar's army, to fight against the East India company. He is known for the
Polygars revolt against the British. He maintained a good relationship with the Kingdom of
Travancore but later the allegiance was broken by one Yusuf Khan.
2. Cyrus Pallonji Mistry (4 July 1968 – 4 September 2022) was an Indian businessman. He was
the chairman of the Tata Group, an Indian business conglomerate, from 2012 to 2016. He
was the sixth chairman of the group, and only the second (after Nowroji Saklatwala) not to
bear the surname Tata. In mid-2012, he was chosen by a selection panel to head the Tata
Group and took charge in December that year. In October 2016, the board of Tata Group's
holding company, Tata Sons, voted to remove Mistry from the post of chairman. Former
chairman Ratan Tata then returned as interim chairman, and Natarajan
Chandrasekaran was named as the new chairman a few months later. However, in
December 2019, the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) declared the
appointment of Chandrasekaran as executive chairman illegal, and restored Mistry.
However, the Supreme Court stayed NCLAT's order on 10 January 2020. Mistry has filed a
cross-appeal in the court, seeking explanations for anomalies in the NCLAT. However,
the Supreme Court upheld his dismissal.
He owned an 18.4% stake in Tata Sons, through his company, Cyrus Investments Pvt. Ltd. He
was a member of the National Integration Council.
He died in a road accident on 4 September 2022 on the Ahmedabad - Mumbai highway.
3. Valliyappan Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai (5 September 1872 - 18 November 1936),
also known as Kappalottiya Tamizhan ("Tamil Helmsman"), was an Indian freedom
fighter and former leader of the Indian National Congress. He founded the Swadeshi Steam
Navigation Company in 1906 to compete against the monopoly of the British India Steam
Navigation Company (BISNC). He launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service
between Tuticorin (India) and Colombo (Sri Lanka) with the Swadeshi Steam Navigation
Company (SSNC), competing against British ships. Tuticorin Port Trust, one of India's
thirteen major ports, is named after him. At one time a member of the Indian National
Congress, he was later charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced
to life imprisonment, and his barrister license was revoked.
4. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 1888 – 17 April 1975), was an Indian philosopher
and politician who served as the 2nd President of India from 1962 to 1967 and 1st Vice
President of India from 1952 to 1962. He was also the 2nd Ambassador of India to Soviet
Union from 1949 to 1952 & 4th Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University from 1939 to
1948.
One of the most distinguished twentieth-century scholars of comparative religion and
philosophy, Radhakrishnan held the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at
the University of Calcutta from 1921 to 1932 and Spalding Chair of Eastern Religion and
Ethics at University of Oxford from 1936 to 1952.
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Radhakrishnan's philosophy was grounded in Advaita Vedanta, reinterpreting this tradition

for a contemporary understanding. He defended Hinduism against what he called
"uninformed Western criticism", contributing to the formation of contemporary Hindu
identity. He has been influential in shaping the understanding of Hinduism, in both India
and the west, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West.
Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in
1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary
membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of
Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan
believed that "teachers should be the best minds in the country".
Since 1962, his birthday has been celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September
every year.
5. Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati (2 September 1924 – 11 September 2022) was an Indian
religious leader. In 1982, he became the Shankaracharya of Dwarka Sharada
Peetham in Dwaraka, Gujarat and the Jyotir Math in Badrinath.
A direct disciple of Shankaracharya Brahmananda Saraswati of Jyotir Math (1941–1953) and
of Shankaracharya (disputed) Krishnabodha Ashrama of Jyotir Math (1953–1973), in 1950
his Guru Brahmananda made him a Dandi Sannyasi. Swami Swaroopanand became
president of the Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad, established by Swami Karpatri. On
Swami Krishnabodha Ashrama's demise in 1973 the title of Shankaracharya (disputed)
of Jyotir Math, Badrinath passed to Swami Swaroopanand. Later he also became
the Shankaracharya of Dwarka peeth in 1982.
6. Braj Basi Lal (2 May 1921 – 10 September 2022) was an Indian writer and archaeologist. He
was the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1968 to 1972 and
has served as Director of the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla. Lal also served on
various UNESCO committees.
His later publications have been noted and criticised for their historical revisionism, taking a
controversial stance in the Ayodhya dispute, claiming to have found the remains of a
columned Hindu temple beneath the subsequently destroyed Babri Masjid mosque.
He received the Padma Bhushan Award by the President of India in 2000, and was awarded
India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2021.
Lal obtained his master's degree in Sanskrit from Allahabad University, India. After his
studies, Lal developed interest in archaeology and in 1943, became a trainee in excavation
under a veteran British archaeologist, Mortimer Wheeler, starting with Taxila, and later at
sites such as Harappa. Lal went on to work as an archaeologist for more than fifty years. In
1968, he was appointed the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India where he
would remain until 1972. Thereafter, Lal served as Director of the Indian Institute of
Advanced Studies, Shimla. The B. B. Lal Chair at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT,
Kanpur) has been established by his son Vrajesh Lal to encourage research in science and
technology related to archaeological work.
7. Satya Prakash Srivastav (25 December 1963 – 21 September 2022), known professionally
as Raju Srivastav and often credited as Gajodhar, was an Indian comedian, actor and
politician died recently. He had been a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 2014.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
He was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and moved to Mumbai in the 1980s to work in the
Hindi film industry. He acted in Baazigar, Bombay to Goa, Aamdani Atthanni Kharcha
Rupaiya among others. He contested in the comedy show The Great Indian Laughter
Challenge and became the runner-up. He won the title of "The King of Comedy" in its spin-
off show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge – Champions. He did many stand-up comedy
live shows.
8. IIFL Wealth Hurun India Rich List 2022:
 Gautam Adani and family, with an estimated wealth of ₹10,94,400 crore, has topped the
IIFL Wealth Hurun India Rich List 2022. With 116% growth as compared with the 2021
list, his daily wealth creation velocity is estimated at ₹1,612 crore.
 Mukesh Ambani and family has been named as the second richest in India with an
estimated wealth of ₹7,94,700 crore, a growth of 11% compared with the 2021 list. His
daily wealth creation velocity is ₹210 crore.
 Cyrus Poonawalla and family, with an estimated wealth of ₹2,05,400 crore, and Shiv
Nadar and family with a wealth of ₹1,85,800 crore are placed third and fourth in the list.
 Radhakishan Damani & family with wealth of ₹1,75,100 crore is the fifth
richest. While Gautam Adani and family grew their wealth 15.4 times in 5 years, Vinod
Shantilal Adani and family grew their wealth by 9.5 times, Shiv Nadar and family grew
their wealth by 5 times, followed by Radhakishan Damani and family, who grew their
wealth by 3.8 times in five years, as per the list.
 Founder of Nykaa - Falguni Nayar, 59, has overtaken Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, 69, to
become the richest self-made Indian woman. Co-founder of Confluent, a streaming
data technology company, Neha Narkhede, 37, is the youngest self-made woman
entrepreneur in India.
 As per the list, there are 1,103 individuals with ₹1,000 crore wealth, up by 96 from last
year. Thirteen people born in 90s made to the list, all self-made. Bengaluru -based
Kaivalya Vohra, 19, of grocery delivery app Zepto is the youngest self-made and the
youngest rich individual.
 With 283 individuals, Mumbai tops the India Rich list followed by New Delhi (185) and
Bengaluru (89). Mumbai added 28. As many as 14 professional managers made it to the
list.
9. General Anil Chauhan PVSM UYSM AVSM SM VSM (born 18 May 1961) is a four-star
general of the Indian Army, who is the current and 2nd Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of
the Indian Armed Forces since 30 September 2022.
An alumnus of the of the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla and the Indian Military
Academy, Dehradun, Chauhan was commissioned into the 11th Gorkha Rifles in 1981,
spanning a military career of four decades. During his later years of service, Chauhan
commanded the Baramulla-based 19th Infantry Division of the Northern Command as major
general, later serving as the commanding officer of the Dimapur-based III Corps from 2017
to 2018, in the capacity of lieutenant general. In January 2018, he was appointed Director
General Military Operations (DGMO), during the course of which he oversaw the execution
of two key military operations: the 2019 retaliatory airstrikes against Pakistan and
Operation Sunrise - a joint India-Myanmar counter-insurgency offensive.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
In September 2019, Chauhan was appointed as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief

(GOC-in-C) of the Eastern Command upon the elevation of his predecessor, Manoj Mukund
Naravane, as Vice Chief of Army Staff, serving in the role until his retirement in May
2021. Following his retirement from active military service, Chauhan served as a military
advisor to the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), headed by Ajit Doval, India's
fifth National Security Advisor.
10. R Venkataramani (born on 13 April 1950) is an Indian constitutional lawyer and a Senior
Advocate in the Supreme Court of India.
Government has appointed him as attorney general after the incumbent K K Venugopal’s
extended tenure ends on September 30. He was appointed as a Member, Law Commission
of India in 2010. He has been appearing for the State of Tamil Nadu as a Special Senior
Counsel for the past 12 years and also acting as Special Senior Counsel for the State of
Andhra Pradesh.
The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and is its chief
advocate in the courts. They are appointed by the President of India at the instance of
the Union Cabinet under Article 76(1) of the Constitution and hold office during the
pleasure of the President. They must be a person qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the
Supreme Court. Hence, they must have been a judge of a high court for five years or an
advocate of a high court for ten years, or an eminent jurist in the opinion of the President.
Previous Attorney General of India:
# Attorney General Term Start Term End Term Prime

Length Minister
(Incumbent)
1 Motilal Chimanlal 28 January 1 March 1963 13 years, Jawaharlal
Setalvad 1950 32 days Nehru
2 Chander Kishan 2 March 1963 30 October 5 years, Jawaharlal
Daphtary 1968 242 days Nehru
Lal Bahadur
Shastri
3 Niren De 1 November 31 March 8 years, Indira
1968 1977 150 days Gandhi
4 S. V. Gupte 1 April 1977 8 August 1979 2 years, Morarji
129 days Desai
5 Lal Narayan Sinha 9 August 8 August 1983 3 years, Charan
1979 364 days Singh
Indira
Gandhi
6 Keshava Parasaran 9 August 8 December 6 years, Indira
1983 1989 121 days Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi
7 Soli Jehangir Sorabjee 9 December 2 December 358 days V. P. Singh
1989 1990 Chandra
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Shekhar
8 G. Ramaswamy 3 December 23 November 1 year, Chandra
1990 1992 356 days Shekhar
P. V.
Narasimha
Rao
9 Milon Kumar Banerji 24 November 8 July 1996 3 years, P. V.
1992 227 days Narasimha
Rao
10 Ashok Desai 9 July 1996 6 April 1998 1 year, H. D. Deve
272 days Gowda
Inder Kumar
Gujral
11 Soli Jehangir Sorabjee 7 April 1998 4 June 2004
6 years, Atal Bihari
58 days Vajpayee
12 Milon Kumar Banerji 5 June 2004 7 June 2009 5 years, Manmohan
3 days Singh
13 Goolam Essaji 8 June 2009 11 June 2014 5 years, Manmohan
Vahanvati 3 days Singh
14 Mukul Rohatgi 19 June 2014 18 June 2017 2 years, Narendra
364 days Modi
15 Kotayan Katankot 1 July 2017 30 September 5 years, Narendra
Venugopal 2022 91 days Modi
[13]
16 R. Venkataramani 1 October Incumbent Narendra
2022 Modi
11. Naresh Kumar (22 December 1928 – 14 September 2022) was an Indian tennis player. He
was the captain of the India Davis Cup team from 1989 to 1993.
Kumar was appointed captain of the India Davis Cup team in 1989 and served in that role
until 1993. He gave Leander Paes his debut in the deciding doubles rubber
against Japan during the 1990 tournament. Paes and Zeeshan Ali ultimately prevailed 18–16
in the fifth set to clinch the tie.
Kumar was conferred the Dronacharya Award in 2000, becoming the first tennis coach to
bestowed the honour. He also received the Arjuna Award.
12. Engineer's day is celebrated in India, every year on September 15. In 1968, the Government
of India decided to mark the birth anniversary of Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya to
remember the work of one of the greatest minds of Indian soil.
Sir Mokshagundam Vishveshwaraya (15 September 1861 – April 1962), was the first
Indian civil engineer, statesman and the 19th Diwan of Mysore, serving from 1912 to
1918. He started his primary education in Bangalore, received his BSc degree from the
University of Madras, and then DCE (Diploma in Civil Engineering) from the University of
Bombay through its affiliated institution and 3rd oldest Engineering College in Asia, College
of Engineering, Pune.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
He received India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight
Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the
public good. His birthday, 15 September, is celebrated as Engineers' Day in India, Sri
Lanka and Tanzania in his memory. He was the Chief Engineer of Krishna Raja Sagara dam in
the north-west suburb of Mysuru city, Laxmi Talav Dam near Kolhapur in south-west
Maharashtra, and also served as one of the Chief Engineers of the flood protection system
for the city of Hyderabad.
13. Bishnu Sethi (5 June 1961 – 19 September 2022) was an Indian politician who was the
deputy leader of the opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. He was the MLA
from Dhamnagar Assembly Constituency.
A leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Sethi held the position of Vice President in Bharatiya
Janata Party Odisha Unit. He was the MLA from Chandabali Assembly Constituency from
2000 to 2004 and then for Dhamnagar from 2019 till his death in 2022. He was also a poet
and writer in Odia literature.
In July 2022 he was hospitalised for Covid-19 and subsequently passed away from the virus.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
Personality: World
1. Mary Elizabeth Truss (born 26 July 1975) is a British politician who is the current prime
minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Conservative Party. She previously held
various Cabinet offices under prime ministers David Cameron, Theresa May and Boris
Johnson, most recently as foreign secretary from 2021 to 2022. Truss has been Member of
Parliament (MP) for South West Norfolk since 2010.
Following May's resignation in 2019, Truss supported Johnson's successful bid to become
Conservative leader and prime minister, after which he appointed Truss as secretary of
state for international trade and president of the Board of Trade. She took on the additional
role of minister for women and equalities in September 2019. Promoted to foreign
secretary by Johnson in the 2021 cabinet reshuffle, she was appointed the government's
chief negotiator with the European Union and the United Kingdom's chair of the EU–UK
Partnership Council in December 2021, and was involved in the UK's response to the 2022
Russian invasion of Ukraine. Truss won the 2022 Conservative Party leadership
election following Johnson's resignation amid a government crisis. She became prime
minister amid an ongoing cost of living crisis and an energy supply crisis, in response to
which her government implemented an Energy Price Guarantee limiting energy prices for
households, businesses and public sector organisations, and announced various tax cuts in
a mini-budget.
2. William Kipchirchir Samoei Arap Ruto (born 21 December 1966) is a Kenyan politician who
is serving as the fifth and current president of Kenya since 13 September 2022. Prior to
becoming president, he served as the 11th deputy president of Kenya from 2013 to 2022. He
previously served in several cabinet positions such as the Minister for Home Affairs,
the Minister of Agriculture and as Minister for Higher Education.
Ruto was elected Member of Parliament for Eldoret North constituency from 1997 to 2007,
under the KANU and 2007 to 2013 through ODM party. He was the Minister for Home
Affairs in the Daniel Arap Moi administration from August to December 2002. Under
the Mwai Kibaki administration, he was the Minister for Agriculture from 2008 to 2010
and Minister for Higher Education from April to October 2010. Ruto ran for the deputy
presidency in the 2013 election under the United Republican Party, becoming the running
mate of Uhuru Kenyatta from The National Alliance (TNA). Their ticket fetched half the total
votes cast, attaining the minimum constitutional threshold for an election winner. He
subsequently won the deputy presidency under the Jubilee Party alongside his running
mate, Uhuru Kenyatta in the 2017 Kenyan general election. Ruto successfully ran for
the presidency in the 2022 election, under the United Democratic Alliance (UDA).
3. Kristalina Georgieva (born 13 August 1953) is a Bulgarian economist serving as managing
director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019. She was the Chief Executive of
the World Bank Group from 2017 to 2019 and served as Acting President of the World Bank
Group from 1 February 2019 to 8 April 2019 following the resignation of Jim Yong Kim. She
previously served as Vice-President of the European Commission under Jean-Claude
Juncker from 2014 to 2016.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
In 2021, an independent inquiry determined that Georgieva had instructed staff at the
World Bank to inflate data to make China look better during her tenure as Chief
Executive. However, the executive board of the IMF determined that the investigation “did
not conclusively demonstrate” wrongdoing, and expressed confidence in Georgieva's
leadership.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations,
and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of
190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure
financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable
economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1944, started on 27
December 1945, at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter
White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member
countries and the goal of reconstructing the international monetary system. It now plays a
central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international
financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which
countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money.
4. Queen Elizabeth II (21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United
Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.
She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and 15 at the time of her
death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and
the longest verified reign of any female monarch in history.
Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of
York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Her father acceded to
the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII, making Princess
Elizabeth the heir presumptive. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a
former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in
2021. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.
When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth- then 25 years old became queen of seven
independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (known today as Sri Lanka), as well as Head of
the Commonwealth. Elizabeth reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political
changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland, devolution in the United Kingdom,
the decolonisation of Africa, and the United Kingdom's accession to the European
Communities and withdrawal from the European Union. The number of her realms varied
over time as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. As queen,
Elizabeth was served by more than 170 prime ministers across her realms.
Significant events included Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of
her Silver, Golden, Diamond, and Platinum jubilees in 1977, 2002, 2012, and 2022,
respectively. Although she faced occasional republican sentiment and media criticism of her
family- particularly after the breakdowns of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in
1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana, Princess of Wales—
support for the monarchy in the United Kingdom remained consistently high throughout
her lifetime, as did her personal popularity.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
Elizabeth died on 8 September 2022 at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, at the age of 96,
and was succeeded by her eldest child, King Charles III. Her state funeral was the first to be
held in the United Kingdom since that of Winston Churchill in 1965.
5. Mikhail Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Russian and Soviet politician
who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in
1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from
1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of
the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990
and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, Gorbachev
initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism but moved towards social democracy by the early
1990s.
Gorbachev is considered to be one of the most significant figures of the second half of the
20th century. The recipient of a wide range of awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize, he is
praised for his role in ending the Cold War, introducing new political and economic
freedoms in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist–Leninist
administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany.
In 1988, India awarded Gorbachev the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and
Development; in 1990, he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for "his leading role in the peace
process which today characterizes important parts of the international community". Out of
office he continued to receive honors. In 1992, he was the first recipient of the Ronald
Reagan Freedom Award, and in 1994 was given the Grawemeyer Award by the University of
Louisville, Kentucky. In 1995, he was awarded the Grand-Cross of the Order of Liberty by
Portuguese President Mário Soares, and in 1998 the Freedom Award from the National Civil
Rights Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. In 2000, he was presented with the Golden Plate
Award of the American Academy of Achievement at an awards ceremony at Hampton Court
Palace near London. In 2002, Gorbachev received the Freedom of the City of
Dublin from Dublin City Council.
In 2002, Gorbachev was awarded the Charles V Prize by the European Academy of Yuste
Foundation. Gorbachev, together with Bill Clinton and Sophia Loren, were awarded
the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for their recording
of Sergei Prokofiev's 1936 Peter and the Wolf for Pentatone. In 2005, Gorbachev was
awarded the Point Alpha Prize for his role in supporting German reunification.
6. Jean-Luc Godard (3 December 1930 – 13 September 2022) was a French-Swiss film director,
screenwriter, and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the French New
Wave film movement of the 1960s, alongside such filmmakers as François Truffaut, Agnès
Varda, Éric Rohmer, and Jacques Demy. He was arguably the most influential French
filmmaker of the post-war era. According to AllMovie, his work "revolutionized the motion
picture form" through its experimentation with narrative, continuity, sound,
and camerawork. His most acclaimed films include Breathless (1960), Vivre sa
vie (1962), Contempt (1963), Band of Outsiders (1964), Alphaville (1965), Pierrot le
Fou (1965), Masculin Féminin (1966), Weekend (1967), and Goodbye to Language (2014).
In 2010, Godard was awarded an Academy Honorary Award.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
7. Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United
Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms.
Charles acceded to the British throne on 8 September 2022, following the death of his
mother, Queen Elizabeth II. Charles was the longest-serving British heir apparent,
surpassing Edward VII's record on 20 April 2011. When he became monarch at the age of
73, he was the oldest person to do so, the previous record holder being William IV, who was
64 when he became king in 1830.
On 10 September 2022, Charles was publicly proclaimed king by the Accession Council. The
ceremony was televised for the first time. Attendees included William, Prince of Wales,
Queen Camilla, British prime minister Liz Truss, and her predecessors John Major, Tony
Blair, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Theresa May and Boris Johnson.
Monarch of Australia and New Zealand:
King Charles III was officially named monarch in Australia and New Zealand. In Canberra,
Australia, Governor-General David Hurley proclaimed “Prince Charles Philip Arthur George
to be King Charles III, by grace of God, King of Australia”.
At a similar ceremony in Wellington, New Zealand, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern hailed
Charles, saying he “has long had an affection for Aotearoa New Zealand, has consistently
demonstrated his deep care for our nation”.
Both former British colonies have been independent for decades but retain the monarch as
their head of state.
8. Yvon Chouinard (born November 9, 1938) is an American rock climber, environmentalist,
philanthropist and outdoor industry businessman. His company, Patagonia, is known for its
commitment to protecting the environment.
Chouinard is also a surfer, kayaker, and falconer and is particularly fond of tenkara fly-
fishing. He has written about climbing issues and ethics and on
mixing environmentalism and business.
In 2022, Chouinard announced that he was donating ownership in Patagonia to a trust to
ensure profits are used for addressing climate change.
9. Asad Rauf (12 May 1956 – 14 September 2022) was a Pakistani cricket player and umpire.
He was a member of the ICC Elite Umpire Panel from 2006 to 2013. Alleged to have been
involved in match-fixing and spot-fixing of cricket matches, he was found guilty of
corruption by the Board of Control for Cricket in India in February 2016 and banned for five
years.
10. Dame Hilary Mary Mantel (6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer whose
work includes historical fiction, personal memoirs and short stories. Her first published
novel, Every Day Is Mother's Day, was released in 1985. She went on to write 12 novels, two
collections of short stories, a personal memoir, and numerous articles and opinion pieces.
Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel Wolf Hall, a fictional
account of Thomas Cromwell's rise to power in the court of Henry VIII, and the second was
for its 2012 sequel Bring Up the Bodies. The third instalment of the Cromwell trilogy, The
Mirror and the Light, was longlisted for the same prize.
11. Giorgia Meloni (born 15 January 1977) is an Italian politician and journalist. A member of
the Chamber of Deputies in Italy since 2006, she has led the Brothers of Italy (FdI) political
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
party since 2014, and has been the president of the European Conservatives and Reformists
Party since 2020. After her party received the most votes in the 2022 Italian general
election, Meloni is expected to become the next Prime Minister of Italy- the first woman to
serve in the position. The newly elected legislature will be seated on 13 October; Meloni will
likely take office as prime minister shortly after.
12. Tun Samy Vellu s/o Sangalimuthu (8 March 1936 – 15 September 2022) was a Malaysian
politician who served as Minister of Works from June 1983 to June 1989 and again from
May 1995 to March 2008, Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts from June
1989 to May 1995, Minister of Works and Public Amenities from September 1979 to June
1983 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Sungai Siput from September 1974 to March
2008. He was a member and served as 7th President of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC),
a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, from October 1979 to
December 2010.
He is the longest-serving MIC president by holding the position for 31 years and one of the
longest-serving Cabinet ministers by being in the Cabinet for 29 years. In December 2010,
he announced his retirement from politics, paving the way for then MIC Deputy
President G. Palanivel to succeed him as the new party president.
13. The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi has congratulated Joao Manuel Goncalves Lourenco on
being re-elected as the President of Angola.
João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço (born 5 March 1954) is an Angolan politician, who has
served as the president of Angola since 26 September 2017. Previously, he was Minister of
Defence from 2014 to 2017. In September 2018, he became the Chairman of the People's
Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the ruling party. He was the party's
Secretary-General from 1998 to 2003.
João Lourenço was designated in December 2016 to occupy the party's number one
position in the August 2017 legislative election. In terms of the 2010 constitution, "the
individual heading the national list of the political party or coalition of political parties which
receives the most votes in general elections shall be elected President of the Republic and
Head of the Executive" (Article 109). As the MPLA won a majority of 150 seats, Lourenço
automatically became President of Angola, succeeding José Eduardo dos Santos, who had
been in power for 38 years. Lourenço was officially sworn into office on 26 September 2017.
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Economics
1. NTPC Limited continues to demonstrate excellence in operations with an increasing trend in

coal production from its captive mines.
 NTPC has produced 7.36 MMT of coal during the period April 2022 to August 2022
registering a robust growth of 62% compared to 4.55 MMT achieved during the same
period last year. With meticulous planning, resource mobilization, and regular
monitoring, NTPC has achieved substantial growth even during the monsoon period, so
far, and is hopeful of sustaining the growth that will help in ensuring uninterrupted,
reliable and affordable power generation. Further, NTPC has dispatched 7.52 MMT of
coal from its captive mines as compared to 5.47 MMT of coal dispatched during the
same period last year, registering a growth of 37%.
NTPC has taken various steps to augment the coal production from its coal mines. The
engagement of high-capacity dumpers as well as an increase in the existing fleet size of
excavators has allowed the operational mines to increase their production.
2. The historical milestone was achieved at its zenith on 1st September, 2022 when ‘M V
Mineral Yangfan’, cape vessel with an LOA of 299.92 mtrs. and a beam length of 50 mtrs on
account of M/s Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) arrived at Sagar Anchorage on
01.09.2022 to discharge 70,300 MT of Coking Coal by Floating Cranes. This is the largest dry
bulker to arrive at anchorage with the highest ever parcel load. Incidentally, ‘M V Mineral
Yangfan’ is the 18th cape vessel in the current fiscal, while only four (04) cape vessels were
handled till August in the last fiscal out of a total of fourteen (14) cape vessels, which were
handled in 2021-22.
Cape vessel ‘M V Mineral Yangfan’ LOA 299.92m, beam 50 mtrs. and a draft of 9.3m
registered at Portugal. The load port of the vessel was New Port, USA and the last port of
call is Dhamra. Railway Division of Haldia is working in tandem with Marine Division for
quick evacuation of cargo from the port and this is making HDC, the most preferred port of
call which is 80 Miles away from Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port, Kolkata (SMP, Kolkata) and
25 Miles away from Haldia Dock Complex (HDC).
3. LEADS 2022:
The Government of India has prioritised developing a robust and cost-efficient logistics
ecosystem. To fulfil this vision, the logistics division of DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce &
Industry undertakes an annual “Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS)” survey in all
States/ UTs to assess and suggest various improvements in logistics sector of the country.
 The LEADS survey assesses viewpoints of various users and stakeholders across value
chain (Shippers, Terminal Infrastructure Service Providers, Logistics Service Providers,
Transporters and Government agencies) to understand the ‘enabler’ and ‘impediments’
to logistics ecosystem in the country.
 The annual survey, processes the data received from stakeholders (perception data) and
States/ UTs (objective data) and ranks logistics ecosystem of each State/ UT using a
statistical model.
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
 In the annual LEADS Report for 2021, Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab held top three ranks
among States respectively while Jammu Kashmir, Sikkim and Meghalaya were top three
in North-eastern States and Himalayan UTs respectively.
 The LEADS 2022 Survey was rolled out in April this year. More than 600 physical
meetings were held facilitated by more than 20 National Associations and 75+ Regional
Associations across the country. Their active participation has resulted in more than
6,000 responses being collected this year. The States/ UTs too actively participated and
provided necessary data pertaining to the survey.
 The LEADS 2022 survey further propels the transformative approach by of PM-Gati
Shakti. It identifies issues and bottlenecks which need immediate action and can help
synergize supply chain.
 The National Master Plan which is being developed in association with BISAG-N now has
900+ GIS layers and 612 essential layers integrated by the States/UTs. The States/UT of
Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Goa have been
leading in the process of integration of essential data layers. Institutional mechanism for
PM GatiShakti, all 36 States/UTs have formed State Logistics Coordination Committee
(SLCC), 34 States/ UTs have formed Network Planning Group (NPG) and 35 States/ UTs
have formed Technical Support Unit (TSU). 14 States/ UTs have also formed logistics
policy of which 3 States/UTs are in draft stage.
 The LEADS 2022 survey, along with PM GatiShakti’s transformative approach, is to break
the silos and improve the logistics efficiency of the country which will also reflect
positively on international indices, such as Logistics Performance Index (LPI) conducted
biennially by the World Bank.
 The LEADS 2022 exercise is scheduled to be completed by the end of September 2022,
which shall be followed by release of LEADS 2022 Report in October 2022.
4. India’s agricultural and processed food products exports up by 30% to USD 9598 Million in
first four months of current fiscal (2022-23) compared to the same period last year:
According to the provisional data released by the Directorate General of Commercial
Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), the overall export of agricultural and processed food
products increased to USD 9598 million in April-July 2022 from USD 7397 million over the
same period of the last fiscal. The exports of agricultural and processed food products rose
by 30 percent in the first four months of the current Financial Year 2022-23 (April-July) in
comparison to the corresponding period of FY 2021-22.
For the year 2022-23, an export target of USD 23.56 billion has been fixed for the
agricultural and processed food products basket and an export of USD 9.59 billion has
already been achieved in the first four months of the current fiscal.
The initiatives taken by the Government have helped in achieving 40 percent of the total
export target for the year 2022-23 in the first four months of the current fiscal.
As per the DGCI&S provisional data, fresh fruits & vegetables registered four percent
growth, while processed fruits and vegetables recorded a significant growth of 51 percent
(April-July, 2022) in comparison to corresponding months of the previous year. In April-July,
2021, fresh fruits and vegetables were exported to the tune of USD 498 million that
increased to USD 517 million in the corresponding months of the current fiscal. Exports of
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processed F&V jumped to USD 665 million in four months of the current fiscal from USD
441million in the corresponding months of the previous year.
Also, processed food products like cereals and miscellaneous processed items reported
a growth of 37.75 per cent and 35.26 percent respectively in comparison to the first four
months of the previous year.
Basmati Rice exports witnessed a growth of 29.13 percent in the first four months of FY
2022-23 as its export increased from USD 1214 million (April-July 2021) to USD 1567 million
(April-July 2022), while the export of non-Basmati rice registered a growth of 9.24percent in
first four months of current fiscal. Non-basmati rice export increased to USD 2086 million in
the first four months of the current fiscal from USD 1910 million in the corresponding
The export of meat, dairy & poultry products increased by 11.69 percent and the export of
other cereals recorded a growth of 22.26 percent in four months of the current fiscal. The
dairy products alone recorded a growth of 61.91 percent as its export rose to USD 247
million in the first four months of the current fiscal from USD 153 million in corresponding
Other cereals’ export increased from USD334 million in April-July 2021to USD 408 million in
April-July 2022 and the export of livestock products increased from USD 1279 million in
April-July 2021 to USD 1428 million in April-July 2022.
As per the DGCI&S data, the country’s agricultural products exports had grown by 19.92 per
cent during 2021-22 to touch USD 50.21 billion. The growth rate is significant as it is over
and above the growth of 17.66 per cent at USD 41.87 billion achieved in 2020-21 and has
been achieved in spite of unprecedented logistical challenges in the form of high freight
rates and container shortages, etc.
In 2021-22, agricultural and processed food products were exported to the tune of USD 25.6
billion, which was around 51 per cent of India's total agricultural goods exports of more
than USD 50 billion.
The rise in the export of agricultural and processed food products is the outcome of various
initiatives taken for the export promotion of agricultural and processed food products such
as organising B2B exhibitions in different countries, exploring new potential markets
through product-specific and general marketing campaigns by the active involvement of
Indian Embassies.
Several initiatives have also been taken to promote products having registered geographical
indications (GI) in India by organizing virtual Buyer Seller Meets on agricultural and food
products with the United Arab Emirates and on GI products, including handicrafts with the
USA.
In a bid to give a boost to the export of Indian wine, the APEDA facilitated participation of
10 wine exporters in the London Wine Fair held between June 7- 9, 2022. A conference was
organized recently on the boosting export potential of natural, organic and GI-agro Products
from the north-eastern states in Guwahati, Assam.
In collaboration with the Union Territory of Ladakh, APEDA under Ministry of Commerce
and Industry recently organized an International Buyer Seller Meet, which aimed at
boosting exports of Apricots and other agri-products from Ladakh. Eighteen entrepreneurs
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from UTs of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir displayed a range of Apricots and other Agri
Products. Twenty buyers from India, USA, Bangladesh, Oman, Dubai participated in this
event.
To explore international markets for Indian mangoes, an eight-day-long Mango Festival was
organised in the Kingdom of Bahrain on June 13. At the show, 34 varieties of mangoes from
eastern states, including West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Odisha, were displayed at
Bahrain's Al Jazira group supermarket.
In order to ensure seamless quality certification of products to be exported, Government
through APEDA has recognised 220 labs across India to provide services of testing to a wide
range of products and exporters.
5. The Finance Ministry constituted an expert committee under the chairmanship of former
SEBI chairman Meleveetil Damodaran with a view to identify measures to unravel
regulatory hurdles for venture capital and private equity investors.
The committee- announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in this year’s Budget-
has been tasked with undertaking a comprehensive systemic study of the ‘end-to-end
frictions’ and ‘potential accelerants’ from regulatory policy and taxation to facilitate ‘ease of
investing’ as well as encourage investments into India.
Poonam Gupta, D-G, National Council for Applied Economic Research and former RBI
executive director and SEBI member G. Mahalingam have been drafted in as panel
members, along with former GST member of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and
Customs D.P. Nagendra Kumar.
6. The Union Cabinet approved uniform fiscal support of 50% project cost for all technology
formats for chip fabrication units under the scheme for development of semiconductor and
display manufacturing.
 The Cabinet had in December approved the programme for the sector with an outlay of
Rs. 76,000 crore.
 “Given the niche technology, the modified programme will also provide fiscal support of
50% of capital expenditure in pari-passu mode for setting up of compound
semiconductors / silicon photonics / sensors / discrete semiconductors fabs,” the Centre
said in a statement.
 The scheme had attracted many global semiconductor players and the changes would
help expedite investments in chip manufacturing, it added.
7. The Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, has approved the Ministry of New
& Renewable Energy’s proposal for implementation of the Production Linked Incentive
Scheme (Tranche II) on ‘National programme on High Efficiency Solar PV Modules’, with an
outlay of Rs.19,500 crore for achieving manufacturing capacity of Giga Watt (GW) scale in
High Efficiency Solar PV Modules.
The national programme on High Efficiency Solar PV Modules aims to build an ecosystem
for manufacturing of high efficiency solar PV modules in India, and thus reduce import
dependence in the area of Renewable Energy. It will strengthen the Atamnirbhar Bharat
initiative and generate employment.
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Solar PV manufacturers will be selected through a transparent selection process. PLI will be
disbursed for 5 years post commissioning of solar PV manufacturing plants on sales of high
efficiency solar PV modules from the domestic market will be incentivised.
The outcomes/benefits expected from the scheme are as follows:
a) It is estimated that about 65,000 MW per annum manufacturing capacity of fully and
partially integrated, solar PV modules would be installed.
b) The scheme will bring direct investment of around Rs.94,000 crore.
c) Creation of manufacturing capacity for Balance of Materials like EVA, Solar glass,
Backsheet, etc.
d) Direct employment of about 1,95,000 and indirect employment of around 7,80,000
persons.
e) Import substitution of approximately Rs.1.37 lakh crore.
f) Impetus to Research and Development to achieve higher efficiencies in Solar PV
Modules.
8. Providing further impetus to Aatmanirbharta in defence production, the Ministry of
Defence (MOD) signed a contract with M/s BrahMos Aerospace Pvt. Ltd. (BAPL) for
acquisition of additional dual-role capable Surface to Surface BrahMos missiles at an overall
approximate cost of ₹ 1700 Crore under “Buy-Indian” Category. Induction of these dual-role
capable Missiles is going to significantly enhance the operational capability of Indian Navy
(IN) fleet assets.
It is notable that BAPL is a Joint Venture (JV) between India and Russia making crucial
contribution to augment the new generation Surface-to-Surface Missiles (SSMs) with
enhanced range and dual role capability for land as well as anti-ship attacks. This contract is
going to give further boost to indigenous production of critical weapon system and
ammunition with active participation of indigenous industry.
9. REC (Rural Electrification Corporation) has been accorded with the status of a ‘Maharatna’
Central Public Sector Enterprise, thus giving REC greater operational and financial
autonomy. An order to this effect was issued by the Department of Public Enterprises,
under the Ministry of Finance. Incorporated in 1969, REC is an NBFC focusing on Power
Sector Financing and Development across India.
The grant of ‘Maharatna’ status to REC will impart enhanced powers to the company’s
Board while taking financial decisions. The Board of a ‘Maharatna’ CPSE can make equity
investments to undertake financial joint ventures and wholly- owned subsidiaries and
undertake mergers and acquisitions in India and abroad, subject to a ceiling of 15% of the
Net Worth of the concerned CPSE, limited to ₹5,000 crores in one project. The Board can
also structure and implement schemes relating to personnel and Human Resource
Management and Training. With this, REC can also enter into technology Joint Ventures or
other strategic alliances among others.
10. Make in India:
Make in India, the flagship program of the Government of India that aspires to facilitate
investment, foster innovation, enhance skill development, and build best-in-class
manufacturing infrastructure, completes 8 years of path-breaking reforms on 25th
September 2022.
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 Launched in 2014, ‘Make in India’ is transforming the country into a leading global
manufacturing and investment destination. The initiative is an open invitation to
potential investors and partners across the globe to participate in the growth story of
‘New India’. Make In India has substantial accomplishments across 27 sectors. These
include strategic sectors of manufacturing and services as well.
 To attract foreign investments, Government of India has put in place a liberal and
transparent policy wherein most sectors are open to FDI under the automatic route. FDI
inflows in India stood at US $ 45.15 billion in 2014-2015 and have since consecutively
reached record FDI inflows for eight years. The year 2021-22 recorded the highest ever
FDI at $83.6 billion. This FDI has come from 101 countries, and invested across 31 UTs
and States and 57 sectors in the country. On the back of economic reforms and Ease of
Doing Business in recent years, India is on track to attract US$ 100 Bn FDI in the current
FY.
 Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme across 14 key manufacturing sectors, was
launched in 2020-21 as a big boost to Make in India initiative. The PLI Scheme
incentivises domestic production in strategic growth sectors where India has
comparative advantage. This includes strengthening domestic manufacturing, forming
resilient supply chains, making Indian industries more competitive and boosting the
export potential. PLI Scheme is expected to generate significant gains for production
and employment, with benefits extending to the MSME eco-system.
 Recognising the importance of semiconductors in the world economy, the Government
of India has launched a USD 10 billion incentive scheme to build a semiconductor,
display, design ecosystem in India.
 To strengthen Make in India initiative, several other measures have been taken by the
Government of India. The reform measures include amendments to laws, liberalization
of guidelines and regulations, in order to reduce unnecessary compliance burden, bring
down cost and enhance the ease of doing business in India. Burdensome compliances to
rules and regulations have been reduced through simplification, rationalisation,
decriminalisation, and digitisation, making it easier to do business in India. Additionally,
Labour reforms have brought flexibility in hiring and retrenchment. Quality control
orders have been introduced to ensure quality in local manufacturing. Steps to promote
manufacturing and investments also include reduction in corporate taxes, public
procurement orders and Phased Manufacturing Programme.
 To promote local industry by providing them preference in public procurement of
Goods, Works and Services, the Public Procurement (Preference to Make in India) Order
2017 was also issued pursuant to Rule 153 (iii) of the General Financial Rules 2017, as an
enabling provision. The policy aims at encouraging domestic manufacturer’s
participation in public procurement activities over entities merely importing to trade or
assemble items. The policy is applicable to all Ministries or Departments or attached or
subordinate Offices or autonomous body controlled by the Government of India and
includes Government companies as defined in the Companies Act.
 Further, the National Single Window System (NSWS) has been soft-launched in
September 2021 to improve the ease-of-doing-business by providing a single digital
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platform to investors for approvals and clearances. This portal has integrated multiple
existing clearance systems of the various Ministries/Departments of Government of
India and State Governments to enhance the investor experience.
 The Government has also launched programme for multimodal connectivity to
manufacturing zones in the country, called the Prime Minister’s Gatishakti programme,
which will ensure logistical efficiency in business operations through the creation of
infrastructure that improves connectivity. This will enable faster movement of goods
and people, enhancing access to markets, hubs, and opportunities, and reducing
logistics cost.
 The One-District-One-Product (ODOP)initiative is another manifestation of the 'Make in
India' vision for facilitating promotion and production of the indigenous products from
each district of the country and providing a global platform to the artisans and
manufacturers of handloom, handicrafts, textiles, agricultural and processed products,
thereby further contributing to the socio-economic growth of various regions of the
country.
 Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, during his Mann ki Baat broadcast in August 2020,
expressed a desire to establish India as a global toy manufacturing hub and to
strengthen domestic designing and manufacturing capabilities.
The Toy Industry in India has historically been import dependent. Lack of raw-material,
technology, design capability etc. led to huge imports of Toys and its components. In
2018-19, Toys worth USD 371 Mn (Rs. 2960 cr.) were imported into our country. A large
proportion of these toys were unsafe, substandard, counterfeit, and cheap.
 To address the import of low-quality and hazardous toys and to enhance domestic
manufacturing of toys, several strategic interventions have been taken by government.
Some key initiatives include increase of Basic Custom Duty from 20% to 60%,
implementation of Quality Control Order, mandatory sample testing of imported toys,
granting more than 850 BIS licenses to domestic toy manufacturers, development of toy
clusters etc. Several promotional initiatives including The India Toy Fair 2021, Toycathon
2021, Toy Business League 2022 were conducted to promote indigenous toys to
encourage innovation and new-age design to suit global requirements.
 Complimented by sincere efforts of domestic toy manufacturers, the growth of Indian
Toy industry has been remarkable in less than 2 years despite Covid-19 pandemic. The
import of toys in FY21-22 have reduced by 70% to USD 110 Mn (Rs. 877.8 cr.). There has
also been a distinct improvement in quality of toys in domestic market. Simultaneously,
the efforts of the industry have led to an export of 326 Mn USD (Rs. 2601.5 cr.) of toys in
FY21-22, which is an increase of over 61% over 202 Mn USD (Rs. 1612 cr.) of FY18-19.
India’s export of toys registered tremendous growth of 636% in April-August 2022 over
the same period in 2013.
There are several trends that mark a shift in Indian manufacturing, which includes increase
in domestic value addition & local sourcing, a greater focus on R & D, innovation and
sustainability measures.
The Make in India initiative has been striving to ensure that the business ecosystem in the
nation is conducive for investors doing business in India and contributing to growth and
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development of the Nation. This has been done through a range of reforms that has led to
increased investment inflows as well as economic growth.
With this initiative at the forefront, the businesses in India are aiming that the products that
are 'Made in India' are also ‘Made for the World,’ adhering to global standards of quality.
11. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) increased the
policy repo rate (the rate at which RBI lends money to banks) from 5.4% to 5.9%. Other
decisions of the Committee include:
 Standing deposit facility rate (the rate at which the RBI borrows from the banks without
giving collateral) has been increased from 5.15% to 5.65%.
 The marginal standing facility (the rate at which banks can borrow additional money
from RBI), and the bank rate (the rate at which RBI buys bills of exchange) have both
been increased from 5.65% to 6.15%.
 The MPC decided to remain focused on the withdrawal of accommodation to ensure
inflation remains within the target, while supporting growth.
The Committee revised its projection for real GDP growth in 2022-23 from 7.2% to 7%.
Inflation in 2022-23 is projected at 6.7%.
12. Guidelines on Digital Lending:
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released guidelines on digital lending. The guidelines will be
applicable for digital loans extended by regulated entities including commercial banks,
urban co-operative banks, states co-operative banks, and non-banking financial companies.
Key features include:
 Disclosure to borrowers: Regulated entities shall provide a key fact statement to
borrowers before the loan contract is executed. The statement should be in a
standardised format for all digital lending products. The statement shall include
information on: (i) the annual percentage rate (cost of digital loans for the borrower), (ii)
recovery mechanism, and (iii) grievance redressal officer. Any fees/charges not part of
the statement cannot be charged by the regulated entities. Digital lending applications
should prominently display information such as product features, loan limits, and costs.
 Creditworthiness: Regulated entities shall capture the economic profile of the
borrowers before extending loans. There shall be no automatic increases in the credit
limit without the explicit consent of the borrower for every such increase.
 Data protection: Any data collected by regulated entities should be need-based, with
the prior consent of the borrower, and should have an audit trail. Digital lending
applications should desist from accessing mobile phone data such as media, contact
lists, and call logs. Explicit consent of the borrower shall be taken before sharing
personal information with third parties except in cases where it is done according to
statutory or regulatory requirements.
 Grievance redressal: Regulated entities shall ensure that they have a nodal grievance
redressal officer to deal with digital lending related complaints. If a complaint lodged by
a borrower is not resolved within 30 days, they can complain with the Reserve Bank
Integrated Ombudsman Scheme.
13. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approved several regulatory changes.
Key changes are as follows:
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 Offer for sale (OFS): Non-promoter shareholders, with at least 10% of the share capital
of a company, are currently eligible to offer shares worth at least Rs 25 crore through
the OFS mechanism. OFS involves the sale of shares in the stock market. SEBI has
removed the 10% shareholding limit for non-promoter shareholders. Further, it has
reduced the cooling-off period between two OFS issues from 12 weeks to a range of two
weeks to 12 weeks based on the liquidity of securities of eligible companies.
 Disclosures for initial public offer (IPO): SEBI has mandated companies coming out with
IPOs to disclose: (i) key performance indicators, and (ii) price per share of issuer based
on past transactions and fundraising.
 Issuers will also have an option to pre-file IPO offer documents with SEBI. This would
allow issuers to carry out limited interaction with prospective investors without
disclosing sensitive information. The pre-filing document with SEBI’s initial observations
will be available for at least 21 days to better inform the decision-making process of the
investor.
 Open offer for PSU disinvestment: According to current regulations, the price of shares
for open offers is determined based on the average market price of the shares for 60
trading days preceding the announcement of a company’s takeover. Open offer is made
by an acquirer to the shareholders of the company being acquired. 17 SEBI noted that
disinvestment of public sector undertakings (PSUs) involves public announcements at
various stages which impacts its share price. Hence, the framework for determination of
price for open offer as outlined above has been removed in case of PSUs.
 Online bond platforms: SEBI approved the proposal to regulate online bond platforms.
Such platforms will have to register with SEBI as stock brokers under the debt segment
of stock exchanges.
14. The External Debt Management Unit (EDMU) in the Department of economic Affairs,
Ministry of Finance, has released 28th edition of the Status Report on India’s External Debt
2021-22.
 India’s external debt, at US$ 620.7 billion as at end-March 2022, grew by 8.2 per cent
over US$ 573.7 billon as at end-March 2021. While 53.2 per cent of it was denominated
in US dollar, Indian rupee denominated debt, estimated at 31.2 per cent, was the
second largest.
 External debt as a ratio to GDP fell marginally to 19.9 per cent as at end-March 2022
from 21.2 per cent a year ago. Foreign currency reserves as a ratio to external debt
stood slightly lower at 97.8 per cent as at end-March 2022 than 100.6 per cent a year
ago.
 The long-term debt estimated at US$ 499.1 billion, constituted the largest chunk of 80.4
per cent, while the short-term debt, at US$ 121.7 billion, accounted for 19.6 per cent of
the total. The short-term trade credit was predominantly in the form of trade credit (96
per cent) financing imports.
 Commercial borrowings (CBs), NRIs deposits, short-term trade credit and multilateral
loans together accounted for 90 per cent of the total external debt. While NRI deposits
marginally contracted during end-March 2021 and end-March 2022, CBs, short-term
trade credit and multilateral loans, on the other hand, expanded during the same
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period. The rise in CBs, short-term trade credit and multilateral loans together was
significantly larger than the contraction in NRI deposits.
 As at end-March 2022, sovereign external debt (SED) amounted to US$ 130.7 billion,
increasing by 17.1 per cent over the level a year ago, reflecting the additional allocation
of SDRs by the IMF during 2021-22. SDRs rose to US$ 22.9 billion from US$ 5.5 billion as
at end-March 2021. FPI holding of G-Sec, on the other hand, slid to US$ 19.5 billion from
US$ 20.4 billion a year ago.
 Non-sovereign external debt, estimated at US$ 490.0 billion as at end-March 2022,
posted a growth of 6.1 per cent over the level a year ago. CBs, NRI deposits, and short-
term trade credit accounted for about 95 per cent of non-sovereign debt., The short-
term trade credit rose substantially by 20.7 per cent to US$ 117.4 billion as at end-
March 2022 on the back of a surge in imports during 2021-22.
 The debt service ratio fell to 5.2 per cent during 2021-22 from 8.2 per cent during 2020-
21 due to buoyancy in current receipts and a decline in debt service payments. The debt
service payment obligations arising out of the stock of external debt as at end-March
2022 are projected to trend downwards over the coming years.
 In a cross-country perspective, India’s external debt is modest, occupying 23th position
globally. In terms of various debt vulnerability indicators, India’s sustainability was
better than the Low-and-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) as a group and vis-à-vis many
of them individually.
15. The Ministry of Coal notified the Mineral Concession (Amendment) Rules, 2022 to amend
the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960. The 1960 Rules provide for the grant of mineral
concessions. Key changes under 2022 Rules are:
 Interest on late payment: Earlier state governments could charge 24% interest per
annum on delayed payment of rent, royalty, fee, or other sums due to the government
from 60th day of expiry of the date of payment. The amendments reduce the interest
rate to 12% and allow the charging of interest rate from the date of expiry of payment.
 Penalties: Any contravention of the 1960 Rules was punishable with imprisonment up to
two years or a fine up to five lakh rupees, or both. In case of continued contravention, a
fine of Rs 50,000 was levied for each day. The amendments remove imprisonment upon
contravention of certain rules concerning: (i) preparation of a mining plan by recognised
persons, (ii) deposit of security fees before executing a mining lease, and (iii) payment of
interest on delayed payment of rent, royalty, fee, or other sums due to the government.
Contravention of these activities will continue to attract a fine of up to five lakh rupees
and an additional fine up to Rs 50,000 (for each day) for continuing contravention.
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Science & Technology
1. India’s first indigenously developed vaccine, “CERVAVAC”:

Union Minister of Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh, on September 1,
2022, announced the scientific completion of India's first indigenously made Quadrivalent
Human Papillomavirus vaccine (qHPV), Cervavac, which could help fight against cervical
cancer.
It is manufactured by the Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII) in partnership with the
Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, along with the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Until now there were only two international HPV vaccines: Gardasil vaccine (first ever
vaccine approved by the FDA in 2006) which is marketed by Merck & Co and Cervarix,
manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. In India, both these vaccines were imported from
international manufacturers at a cost of Rs 3,500 to Rs 6,000 per dose. Cervavac is likely to
cost between Rs 200 - Rs 400.
Cervical cancer develops in a person's cervix. The cervix is the passage that connects the
vagina (birth canal) to the upper part of the uterus.
Worldwide, Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women- with more than
six lakh cases in 2020. In India, it remains the second most common cancer in women after
breast cancer. Cervical cancer cases and deaths are on the rise in India a 14% increase in
cases and deaths between 2015 and 2020, as per a Lok Sabha response given in December
2021.
2. BBV154:
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and its PSU, Biotechnology Industry Research
Assistance Council (BIRAC) is delighted to announce approval from DCGI for emergency use
authorization first of its kind intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine to Bharat Biotech (BBIL).
Supported by DBT and BIRAC under the aegis of Mission COVID Suraksha, the mission was
launched by DBT and implemented by BIRAC to reinforce and accelerate COVID-19 vaccine
development efforts as part of Aatmanirbhar 3.0. Scientific leadership at various levels of
vaccine development was provided by DBT laboratories and BIRAC. This is the fourth
success story for the Covid-19 vaccine under mission Covid Suraksha. BBV154 is an
intranasal replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus SARS-CoV-2 vectored vaccine. It
consists of a replication deficient ChAd vector expressing the stabilized Spike SARS-CoV-2
(Wuhan variant).
DBT’s Autonomous Institute, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi utilized their
"Human Immune Monitoring and T-cell Immunoassay Platform" to examine the vaccine-
induced SARS-CoV-2-specific systemic and mucosal cellular immune responses the trial
participants. Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Pune completed the
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay (PRNT) to quantify the titer of neutralizing antibody
for the virus from three trial sites.
3. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Army have
successfully completed six flight-tests of Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM)
system from Integrated Test Range (ITR) Chandipur off the Odisha coast.
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The flight tests were conducted as part of evaluation trials by the Indian Army. The flight-
tests were carried out against high-speed aerial targets mimicking various types of threats
to evaluate the capability of the weapon systems under different scenarios, including long
range medium altitude, short range, high altitude manoeuvring target, low radar signature
with receding & crossing target and salvo launch with two missiles fired in quick succession.
The system performance was also evaluated under day and night operation scenarios.
During these tests, all the mission objectives were met establishing pin-point accuracy of
the weapon system with state-ofthe-art guidance and control algorithms including warhead
chain. The performance of the system has been confirmed from the data captured by a
number of Range instruments like Telemetry, Radar and Electro Optical Tracking Systems
(EOTS) deployed by ITR.
These tests were conducted in the final deployment configuration consisting of all
indigenously-developed sub-systems, including the missile with indigenous Radio Frequency
(RF) seeker, mobile launcher, fully automated command and control system, surveillance
and multi-function Radars. The uniqueness of the QRSAM weapon system is that it can
operate on the move with search and track capability & fire on short halt. This has been
proven during the mobility trials conducted earlier.
4. The fifth Stealth Frigate of P17A, being built at MDL was launched by Smt. Charu Singh,
President NWWA (Western Region) who named the ship ‘Taragiri’.
The Warship Design Bureau (WDB) and the MDL teams having demonstrated multiple
successful conventional launches in the past, have honed their expertise further and
performed yet another pontoon assisted launch with panache. Following the launch,
‘Taragiri’ will join its two sister ships at MDL for outfitting activities towards the run up for
their delivery to Indian Navy. Seven P17A Frigates are under various stages of construction
at MDL and GRSE. Indigenous construction of complex frontline ships such as Stealth
Frigates has catapulted the nation to a higher pedestal in the arena of shipbuilding. It
provides additional benefits such as economic development, employment generation for
Indian Shipyards, their sub-contractors and ancillary industry. Further, 75% of the orders of
the Project 17A have been placed on indigenous firms including MSMEs, thus reinforcing
the country’s quest for ‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat’.
5. Artemis 1, is a planned uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission, the first spaceflight
in NASA's Artemis program, and the first flight of the agency's Space Launch System (SLS)
rocket and the complete Orion spacecraft. NASA is currently targeting a launch window
between 12 and 27 November 2022.
Formerly known as Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1), the mission was renamed following the
creation of the Artemis program. The mission will lift off from Launch Complex 39B at
the Kennedy Space Center aboard the Space Launch System rocket. The Orion
spacecraft will be launched on a mission of between 26 and 42 days, with at least six of
those days in a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon. After reaching orbit and
performing a trans-lunar injection (burn to the Moon), the mission will deploy
ten CubeSat satellites and the Orion spacecraft will enter a distant retrograde orbit for six
days. The Orion spacecraft will then return and reenter the Earth's atmosphere, protected
by its heat shield, and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. The mission will certify Orion and
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the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with Artemis 2. After the Artemis 1
mission, Artemis 2 will perform a crewed lunar flyby and Artemis 3 will perform a crewed
lunar landing, five decades after the last Apollo mission.
The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was stacked on 20 October 2021, marking the first time a
super-heavy-lift vehicle has been stacked inside NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB)
since the final Saturn V. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for
launch, after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first launch
attempt was made on 29 August 2022, but was cancelled due to a faulty reading on a
redundant sensor. The second attempt on 3 September 2022 was also cancelled after a
hydrogen leak was discovered. On the same day, in order to focus on troubleshooting the
SLS, NASA decided to forgo any launch attempts in the launch window ending 6 September.
6. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully tested a technology that
could aid cost-effective recovery of spent rocket stages and safely land payloads on other
planets.
The Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD) was designed, developed and successfully
test-flown by ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) on a Rohini-300 (RH300 Mk II)
sounding rocket from the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).
As its name suggests, the IAD serves to decelerate an object plunging down through the
atmosphere. On this demonstration, the IAD, made of Kevlar fabric coated with
polychloroprene, was packed into the payload bay of the rocket.
After the nose-cone of the rocket separated, the IAD inflated, balloon-like, at a height of 84
km using compressed nitrogen stored in a gas bottle. The IAD systematically reduced the
velocity of the payload through aerodynamic drag.
Once the IAD fell into the sea, it deflated by firing a deflation pyro valve. The pneumatic
system used for inflating the IAD was developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
(LPSC), Valiyamala.
7. Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a NASA space mission aimed at testing a
method of planetary defense against near-Earth objects (NEOs). It was designed to assess
how much a spacecraft impact deflects an asteroid through a transfer of momentum by
hitting the asteroid head on and attempting to slow it. The asteroid selected for the test
poses no actual threat to Earth. The probe was launched from Earth on 24 November 2021,
and on 26 September 2022 intentionally crashed into Dimorphos, the minor-planet moon of
the asteroid Didymos.
DART is a joint project between NASA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics
Laboratory (APL). The project was funded through NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination
Office, managed by NASA's Planetary Missions Program Office at the Marshall Space Flight
Center, and several NASA laboratories and offices provided technical support. International
partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA), Italian Space Agency (ASI), and Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), are contributing to related or subsequent projects.
8. INS Ajay was decommissioned on 19 Sep 22 after rendering 32 years of glorious service to
the nation. The ceremony was conducted at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai in the traditional
manner, wherein the national flag, naval ensign and the decommissioning pennant of the
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ship were lowered for the last time at sunset, signifying the end of the ship’s commissioned
service.
INS Ajay was commissioned on 24 Jan 1990 at Poti, Georgia in the erstwhile USSR and was
part of the 23rd Patrol Vessel Squadron under the operational control of Flag Officer
Commanding, Maharashtra Naval Area. The ship was in active naval service for more than
32 years and during her illustrious journey, she participated in several naval operations
including Op Talwar during Kargil War and Op Parakram in 2001.
Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval
Command was the Chief Guest for the function. Vice Admiral AG Thapliyal AVSM Bar (Retd),
the first Commanding Officer of the ship was the Guest of Honour.
The ceremony was attended by over 400 personnel including Flag Officers, senior officers
from Army, IAF and CG, officers and men of the commissioning crew, crew of previous
commissions as well as the ships present crew and families.
9. Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), the premier Telecom R&D centre of the
Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India and
the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITD) have signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) for cooperation in various areas of Telecom spanning IoT/M2M,
AI/ML, Cyber Security and 5G & Beyond technologies.
C-DOT has been a pioneer in the field of Telecom since its inception in 1984. C-DOT has
undertaken several cutting-edge R&D endeavours leading to the creation of a diverse
product portfolio covering a wide array of technologies in the domains of Optical, Switching,
Wireless, Security, Network Management and innovative Telecom Software applications. C-
DOT has been instrumental in the development of home-grown 4G & 5G systems in
collaboration with local industry, academia and startups.
IITD, an institute of national importance and Institute of Eminence (IoE) has been keenly
working in the field of communication and associated technologies. Bharti School of
Telecommunication at IITD has taken up its major initiative of multi-disciplinary advanced
research and solution development for emerging national needs, in collaboration with
industry and other premier R&D organizations.
This MoU aims to evolve a mutually productive framework for collaboration between R&D
and academia to spur the design & development of wholly indigenous Telecom solutions.
This will be an effective platform for exchange of knowledge and skill amongst students,
faculty and researchers right from the stage of ideation and conceptualization. The platform
would act as a catalyst to further the transition of novel ideas into market-ready solutions.
10. DRDO conducted two successful test flight of Very Short Range Air Defence System
(VSHORADS) missile on 27 Sep 2022 from a ground based portable launcher at the
Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha. VSHORADS is a Man Portable Air
Defence System (MANPAD) designed and developed indigenously by DRDO’s Research
Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad in collaboration with other DRDO laboratories and Indian
Industry Partners.
VSHORADS missile incorporates many novel technologies including miniaturized Reaction
Control System (RCS) and integrated avionics, which have been successfully proven during
the tests. The missile, meant for neutralizing low altitude aerial threats at short ranges is
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propelled by a dual thrust solid motor. The design of the missile including launcher has been
highly optimized to ensure easy portability. Both the flight tests have completely met the
mission objectives.
11. India’s first-ever ‘night sky sanctuary’ will be set up within the next three months in Hanle,
Ladakh, as per Union Minister of Science and Technology, Jitendra Singh. This is a unique
and first-of-its-kind initiative by the Indian government. The proposed dark sky reserve will
be located at Hanle, Ladakh, and will boost astro-tourism in India, according to a statement
released by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology.
The night sky sanctuary will be set up as part of the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, the
world’s second-largest nature reserve. The new project will be one of the world’s highest-
located sites for optical, infrared, and gamma-ray telescopes. It will boost Astro tourism in
India and will be one of the world’s highest-located sites for optical, infrared, and gamma-
ray telescopes.
Ladakh has a very rich and wide variety of animals for leather research and industry and to
promote the bio-economy of animal skin-derived products. He also complimented CSIR for
organising 4 training workshops, two each at Leh and Kargil for the treatment of diseases of
famous Pashmina Goats.
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Sports
1. On September 8, 2022, Neeraj Chopra won the Diamond League Finals in Zürich, with a
best throw of 88.44m. He became the first Indian to do so.
The Diamond League is an annual series of elite track and field athletic competitions
comprising fourteen of the best invitational athletics meetings. The series sits in the top tier
of the World Athletics (formerly known as the IAAF) one-day meeting competitions.
The inaugural season was in 2010. It was designed to replace the IAAF Golden League,
which had been held annually since 1998.
2. In the presence of Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports Anurag Singh Thakur and Union
Minister of Power and New and Renewable Energy RK Singh, the National Sports
Development Fund (NSDF) of Department of Sports, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
signed an historic Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with two Public Sector
Undertakings (PSUs) with NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) Foundation and REC
(Rural Electrification Corporation) Foundation in New Delhi for development of sports in
India.
The financial support to be given by NTPC is Rs 115 Crores over the next 5 years and they
will be supporting Archery discipline in India. REC Foundation has also committed an
amount of Rs 100 Crores over 3 years to support Women’s Hockey, Athletics and Boxing.
The support towards NSDF has come through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
mandate.
The National Sports Development Fund (NSDF) was established in 1998 under the
Charitable Endowments Act 1890 and was notified by the Government of India in
November, 1998. The purpose of the fund is to impart momentum and flexibility to assisting
the cause of sports in India. It helps sportspersons excel by providing them with varied
opportunities to train under coaches of international repute, provide financial assistance for
development of infrastructure and other activities for promotion of sports.
3. The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved the
Signing of Guarantees for hosting Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
Under 17 Women's World Cup 2022 in India. FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2022 is
scheduled to be held in India between 11th and 30th October 2022. The seventh edition of
the biennial youth tournament will be the first-ever FIFA women's competition to be hosted
by India. Carrying on the positive legacy from the FIFA Under-17 Men's World Cup 2017, the
nation is preparing for a seminal moment for women's football when the best young female
footballers from across the world will be showcasing their skills to lift the coveted trophy.
Financial outlay: Financial outlay of Rs. 10 crore assistance to All India Football Federation
(AIFF) for Field of play Maintenance, Stadium power, Energy & Cabling, Stadia & Training
Site Branding etc. will be met from the budgetary allocation for the Scheme of Assistance to
National Sports Federations (NSFs). Objectives of the Scheme: The FIFA U-17 Women's
World Cup India 2022 has potential to strengthen women's football in the country. Carrying
on the positive legacy from the FIFA Under 17 Men's World Cup 2017, the nation is
preparing for a seminal moment for women's football when the best young female
footballers from across the world will be showcasing their skills to lift the coveted trophy.
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Following objectives have been contemplated in order to leave behind a positive legacy:
increase representation of women in football leadership and decision-making bodies inspire
more girls to play football in India advocate for gender-inclusive participation by
normalising the concept of equal game from a young age opportunity to improve football
standards for women in India improve the commercial value of the women's game.
Justification: The FIFA Under-17 Women's World Cup is a prestigious event and would be
held for the first time in India. It would encourage more youngsters to participate in sports
and help develop the sport of football in India. The event will not only
4. Former India goalkeeper Kalyan Chaubey became the president of the All India Football
Federation (AIFF), beating Bhaichung Bhutia, the former India captain and the first
footballer to play 100 games for the country. He became the first national team player to
lead the AIFF.
The All India Football Federation (AIFF) is the governing body of football in
India under jurisdiction of Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
Formed in 1935 founded at Darbhanga, the federation was one of the founding members of
the Asian Football Confederation, the overseer of football in Asia.
The AIFF sanctions and runs all competitive football tournaments and leagues at a national
level, namely the Indian Super League, I-League and Super Cup. The federation also
indirectly manages local football competitions through the state associations. The
federation is also responsible for managing the India national football team, as well as
the women's team and the various youth national sides.
The AIFF is also part of the South Asian Football Federation, the organization that runs
football in South Asia. The federation is based in Dwarka, New Delhi.
Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhakari, known as the Father of Indian Football
The game was introduced to the Calcuttans (then the capital of India) by the British soldiers
in the nineteenth century. Very few would know that Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhakari,
known as the Father of Indian Football forced his classmates into playing the game in his
school compound. Attracted by the enthusiasm of the boys in the school, the European
teachers of the school and adjacent colleges encouraged Nagendra Prasad and his
companions to promote the game among the students surrounding Calcutta.
5. Grandmaster Aravindh Chithambaram emerged champion in the 22nd Dubai Open chess
tournament, with 7.5 points as seven Indians finished in the top 10 with R Praggnanandhaa
sharing second spot with five others.
The 22-year-old Chithambaram and Praggnanandhaa settled for a draw in the ninth and
final round which enabled the former finish with seven points, half a point ahead of the rest
of the field.
The former Indian national champion, seeded 13th, remained unbeaten through the nine
rounds, winning six games and drawing three. His victories included those against Rinat
Jumabayev and in-form compatriot Arjun Erigaisi.
6. The 2022 US Open was the 142nd edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final tennis
major (Grand Slam event) of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie
Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City.
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Daniil Medvedev and Emma Raducanu were the men's and women's singles defending
tournament champions. Raducanu lost to Alizé Cornet in the first round, while Medvedev
lost to Nick Kyrgios in the fourth round.
Carlos Alcaraz and Iga Świątek won the men's and women's singles titles, respectively. They
became the first players, both born in the 2000s, to win the tournament's singles titles.
List of Winners-
Division Winner Second place
Men’s Singles C. Alcaraz Garcia Casper Ruud
Women Singles I. Świątek O. Jabeur
Men’s Doubles R. Ram & J. Salisbury W. Koolhof & N. Skupski
Women’s K. Siniaková & B. Krejčíková C. McNally & T. Townsend
Doubles
Mixed Doubles S. Sanders & J. Peers K. Flipkens & É. Roger-Vasselin
7. Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He was
ranked world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 310 weeks, including
a record 237 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. He won 103
ATP singles titles, the second most of all time, including 20 Grand Slam singles titles, a
record eight men's singles Wimbledon titles, an Open Era record-tying five men's singles US
Open titles, and a record six year-end championships.
Federer played during an era where he dominated men's tennis along with Rafael
Nadal and Novak Djokovic as the Big Three, collectively considered by some to be the three
most successful male tennis players of all time. A Wimbledon junior champion in 1998 and
former ball boy, Federer won his first major singles title at Wimbledon in 2003 at age 21.
Between 2003 and 2009 Federer played in 21 out of 28 major singles finals. He won three of
the four majors and the ATP Finals in 2004, 2006, and 2007 as well as five consecutive titles
at both Wimbledon and the US Open. He completed the career Grand Slam at the 2009
French Open after three consecutive runner-up finishes to Nadal, his main rival until 2010.
At age 27, he surpassed Pete Sampras' record of 14 major men's singles titles at Wimbledon
in 2009.
Although Federer remained in the Top 3 during most of the early 2010s, the success of
Djokovic and Nadal ended his dominance over grass and hard courts, winning two majors
between 2010 and 2016. During this period of time, he and Stan Wawrinka led
the Switzerland Davis Cup team to their first title in 2014, following their Olympic doubles
gold victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Federer also won a silver medal in singles at
the 2012 London Olympics, where he finished runner-up to Andy Murray. After a half-year
hiatus in late 2016 to recover from knee surgery, Federer made a stellar return to tennis,
winning three more majors over the next two years, including the 2017 Australian
Open over Nadal and an eighth singles title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. At
the 2018 Australian Open, Federer became the first man to win 20 major singles titles and
shortly the oldest ATP world No. 1 at age 36.
In September 2022, he retired from professional tennis following the Laver Cup.
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8. The 2022 World Wrestling Championships was the 17th edition of the World Wrestling
Championships of combined events and was held between 10 and 18 September 2022
in Belgrade, Serbia.
The UWW Bureau approved the candidature of Belgrade, Serbia as the host of the 2023
Senior World Championships. However, due to the restrictions on Russia for hosting World
Championships in 2021-2022, Belgrade replaced the former city of Krasnoyarsk as the
World Championships host for 2022. For 2023 the World Championships host will be
reallocated to Russia. In addition, Russian and Belarusian athletes have been banned from
2022 World Championships.
Medal Table:
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total

1 United States 7 6 2 15
2 Japan 7 1 5 13
3 Turkey 4 0 3 7
4 Serbia* 4 0 1 5
5 Iran 2 5 3 10
6 Kyrgyzstan 2 0 3 5
7 Azerbaijan 1 1 5 7
8 Armenia 1 0 2 3
9 Moldova 1 0 1 2
10 Albania 1 0 0 1
11 Mongolia 0 3 2 5
12 Georgia 0 2 4 6
13 Slovakia 0 2 1 3
14 Bulgaria 0 2 0 2
15 Ukraine 0 1 5 6
16 China 0 1 3 4
Hungary 0 1 3 4
18 Kazakhstan 0 1 2 3
19 Uzbekistan 0 1 1 2
20 Denmark 0 1 0 1
Egypt 0 1 0 1
Norway 0 1 0 1
23 Poland 0 0 3 3
24 Canada 0 0 2 2
India 0 0 2 2
Romania 0 0 2 2
27 Estonia 0 0 1 1
France 0 0 1 1
Greece 0 0 1 1
Italy 0 0 1 1
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Lithuania 0 0 1 1
Totals (31 entries) 30 30 60 120
Bajrang Punia became the only Indian to claim four medals at the World Wrestling
Championships by clinching a bronze in the current edition.
Bajrang, who won a bronze in last year’s Tokyo Olympics, eked out a close 11-9 win on
points over Sebastian C Rivera of Puerto Rico in one of the bronze medal bouts.
Bajrang, who lost to John Michael Diakomihalis of USA in the quarterfinals, qualified for the
bronze medal contest through repechage round where he defeated Vazgen Tevanyan of
Armenia 7-6 by points.
It is Bajrang’s third bronze at the Worlds. The celebrated Indian wrestler had earlier won a
bronze at the 2013 edition, silver in 2018 and bronze in 2019.
Besides Bajrang, earlier in the tournament, Vinesh Phogat won her second World
Championship bronze medal in the women’s 53kg category. Vinesh had defeated Emma
Malmgren of Sweden 8-0 to claim the bronze.
9. The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Signing
of Guarantees for hosting Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Under
17 Women's World Cup 2022 in India.
FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2022 is scheduled to be held in India between 11th and
30th October 2022. The seventh edition of the biennial youth tournament will be the first-
ever FIFA women's competition to be hosted by India. Carrying on the positive legacy from
the FIFA Under-17 Men's World Cup 2017, the nation is preparing for a seminal moment for
women's football when the best young female footballers from across the world will be
showcasing their skills to lift the coveted trophy.
Financial outlay:
Financial outlay of Rs. 10 crore assistance to All India Football Federation (AIFF) for Field of
play Maintenance, Stadium power, Energy & Cabling, Stadia & Training Site Branding etc.
will be met from the budgetary allocation for the Scheme of Assistance to National Sports
Federations (NSFs).
Objectives of the Scheme:
 The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup India 2022 has potential to strengthen women's
football in the country.
 Carrying on the positive legacy from the FIFA Under 17 Men's World Cup 2017, the
nation is preparing for a seminal moment for women's football when the best young
female footballers from across the world will be showcasing their skills to lift the
coveted trophy. Following objectives have been contemplated in order to leave behind a
positive legacy:
 increase representation of women in football leadership and decision-making bodies
 inspire more girls to play football in India
 advocate for gender-inclusive participation by normalising the concept of equal game
from a young age
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
 opportunity to improve football standards for women in India

 improve the commercial value of the women's game.
Justification:
The FIFA Under-17 Women's World Cup is a prestigious event and would be held for the
first time in India. It would encourage more youngsters to participate in sports and help
develop the sport of football in India. The event will not only promote football as sport of
choice among Indian girls, but is also poised to leave a lasting legacy that will facilitate girls
and women in the country to embrace football and sports in general.
Background:
The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is the world championship for female players under or
upto the age of 17, organized by FIFA. The event started in 2008 and is traditionally held in
even-numbered years. The 6th edition of the event was held in Uruguay from 13th November
to 1st December, 2018. Spain is the current champion of FIFA Under-17 Women's World
Cup. FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup India 2022 will be the 7th edition of the tournament in
which 16 teams, including India, will participate. The AIFF has proposed holding of the
competition matches in 3 venues namely; (a) Bhubaneshwar; (b) Navi Mumbai and (c) Goa.
India successfully hosted the FIFA Under-17 Men's World Cup India-2017 at 6 different
venues namely New Delhi, Guwahati, Mumbai, Goa, Kochi and Kolkata in the country from
6th to 28th October, 2017.
10. FIFA, the international football governing body honoured Indian player Sunil Chhetri for his
achievements and recognised him as the third-highest scoring active men’s international
player, only behind prominent players Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.
On 27 September 2022, FIFA launched a documentary on FIFA+, of three episodes named
'Captain Fantastic', which captures a lot of what is unseen and unheard about Chhetri.
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Landmark achievement in further reduction of child mortality rates
In a significant milestone, India has achieved landmark achievement in further reduction of

child mortality rates. As per the Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2020
released on 22nd September 2022 by Registrar General of India (RGI), the country has been
witnessing a progressive reduction in IMR, U5MR and NMR since 2014 towards achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets by 2030.
INDICATOR SRS 2014 SRS 2019 SRS 2020
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) 21.0 19.7 19.5
Total Fertility Rate 2.3 2.1 2.0
Early Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR) –

20 16 15
0- 7 days
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) 26 22 20
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 39 30 28
Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) 45 35 32
Following a steady downward trend, IMR, U5MR and NMR have further declined:
 Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) for the country has shown significant decline of 3 points
(Annual Decline Rate: 8.6%) from 2019 (32 per 1000 live births in 2020 against 35 per 1000
live births in 2019). It varies from 36 in rural areas to 21 in urban areas.
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o U5MR for Female is higher (33) than male (31). There has been a decline of 4 points in
male U5MR and 3 points in female U5MR during the corresponding period.
o Highest decline of U5MR is observed in the State of Uttar Pradesh (5 points) and
Karnataka (5 points)
 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has also registered 2-point decline to 28 per 1000 live births in
2020 from 30 per 1000 live births in 2019 (Annual Decline Rate: 6.7%).
o The Rural-Urban difference has narrowed to 12 points (Urban 19, Rural-31).
o No gender differential has observed in 2020 (Male -28, Female - 28).
 Neonatal Mortality Rate has also declined by 2 points from 22 per 1000 live births in
2019 to 20 per 1000 live births in 2020 (Annual Decline Rate: 9.1%). It ranges from 12 in
urban areas to 23 in rural areas.
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 As per SRS 2020 Report,

o Six (6) States/ UT have already attained SDG target of NMR (<=12 by 2030): Kerala (4),
Delhi (9), Tamil Nadu (9), Maharashtra (11), Jammu & Kashmir (12) and Punjab (12).
o Eleven (11) States/UT have already attained SDGs target of U5MR (<=25 by
2030): Kerala (8), Tamil Nadu (13), Delhi (14), Maharashtra (18), J&K (17), Karnataka
(21), Punjab (22), West Bengal (22), Telangana (23), Gujarat (24), and Himachal Pradesh
(24).
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Human Development Report (HDR)
The 2021/22 Human Development Report (HDR)– which is entitled “Uncertain Times,
Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World”– paints a picture of a global
society lurching from crisis to crisis, and which risks heading towards increasing deprivation and
injustice.
Heading the list of events causing major global disruption are the COVID-19 pandemic and the
Russian invasion of Ukraine, which have come on top of sweeping social and economic shifts,
dangerous planetary changes, and massive increases in polarization.
First back-to-back decline in three decades

For the first time in the 32 years that the UN Development Programme (UNDP) has been
calculating it, the Human Development Index, which measures a nation’s health, education, and
standard of living, has declined globally for two years in a row.
This signals a deepening crisis for many regions, and Latin America, the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan
Africa, and South Asia have been hit particularly hard.
Human development has fallen back to its 2016 levels, reversing much of the progress towards
the Sustainable Development Goals which make up the 2030 Agenda, the UN’s blueprint for a
fairer future for people and the planet.
The study points to insecurity and polarization of views hampering efforts to bring about the
solidarity that is needed to tackle the big global challenges, with data suggesting that those who
are most insecure are more likely to hold extremist views. This phenomenon was observed
even before the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 is ‘a window into a new reality’

Now into its third year, the pandemic is described in the report as “a window into a new
reality”, rather than a detour from business as usual.
The development of effective vaccines is hailed as a monumental achievement, credited with
saving around 20 million lives, and a demonstration of the huge power of innovation married to
political will.
At the same time, the rollout of the vaccines laid bare the huge inequities of the global
economy. Access has been paltry in many low-income countries, and women and girls have
suffered the most, shouldering more household and caregiving responsibilities, and facing
increased violence.
We’re living through a new ‘uncertainty complex’

The successive waves of new COVID-19 variants, and warnings that future pandemics are
increasingly likely, have helped to compound a generalized atmosphere of uncertainty that was
growing in response to the dizzying pace of technological change, its effect on the workplace,
and steadily growing fears surrounding the climate crisis.
The study’s authors warn that the global upheaval of the pandemic is nothing compared to
what the world would experience if a collapse in biodiversity were to occur, and societies found
themselves having to solve the challenge of growing food at scale, without insect pollinators.
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“For the first time in human history”, the report declares, “anthropogenic [man-made]
existential threats loom larger than those from natural hazards”.
Three layers of today’s “uncertainty complex” are identified: dangerous planetary change, the
transition to new ways of organizing industrial societies, and the intensification of political and
social polarization.
“It is not just that typhoons are getting bigger and deadlier through human impact on the
environment” says the report. “It is also as if, through our social choices, their destructive paths
are being directed at the most vulnerable among us”.
There is opportunity in uncertainty

Whilst change is inevitable, the ways in which we react are not. Although there are many well-
founded fears surrounding the growing use of Artificial Intelligence, there are many
demonstrable upsides to the technology, which is, amongst other things, helping to model the
impacts of climate change, improve individualized learning, and help in the development of
medicines.
One upshot to the post-COVID world is the creation of novel mRNA vaccine technology, which
promises a breakthrough in the way that other diseases are treated.
The pandemic has also normalized paid sick leave, voluntary social distancing and self-isolation,
all important for our response to future pandemics.
We can chart a new course

The last three years could serve to show what we are capable of, when we move beyond
conventional ways of doing things, and lead us to transform our institutions so that they are
better suited to today’s world.
This new direction involves implementing policies that focus on investment, from renewable
energy to preparedness for pandemics; insurance, including social protection, to prepare our
societies for the ups and downs of an uncertain world; and innovation that helps countries to
better respond to whatever challenges come next.
Human Development Index (HDI)

The HDI was established to place emphasis on individuals or, more precisely, on their
opportunities to realize satisfying work and lives. Evaluating a country’s potential for individual
human development provides a supplementary metric for evaluating a country’s level of
development besides considering standard economic growth statistics, such as gross domestic
product (GDP).
This index also can be used to examine the various policy choices of nations; if, for example,
two countries have approximately the same GNI per capita, then the HDI can help to evaluate
why they produce widely disparate human development outcomes. Proponents of the HDI
hope it can be used to stimulate such productive public policy debate.
How Is the HDI Measured?
The HDI is a summary measurement of basic achievement levels in human development. The
computed HDI of a country is an average of indexes of each of the life aspects that are
examined: knowledge and understanding, a long and healthy life, and an acceptable standard
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of living. Each of the components is normalized to scale between 0 and 1, and then
the geometric mean of the three components is calculated.
 The health aspect of the HDI is measured by the life expectancy, as calculated at the time of
birth, in each country, and normalized so that this component is equal to 0 when life
expectancy is 20 and equal to 1 when life expectancy is 85.
 Education is measured on two levels: the mean years of schooling for residents of a
country, and the expected years of schooling that a child has at the average age for starting
school. These are each separately normalized so that both 15 mean years of schooling and
18 years of expected schooling equal 1, and a simple mean of the two is calculated.
 The economic metric chosen to represent the standard of living is GNI per capita based
on purchasing power parity (PPP), a common metric used to reflect average income. The
standard of living is normalized so that it is equal to 1 when GNI per capita is $75,000 and
equal to 0 when GNI per capita is $100.
The final HDI score for each country is calculated as a geometric mean of the three components
by taking the cube root of the product of the normalized component scores.
HDI Rankings
Top HDI scores go heavily to Northern European countries, while the lowest-scoring nations are
largely found on the African continent.
The top 25 countries by the latest HDI rankings (as of 2022) include:
Top 25 HDI Rankings

Rank Country HDI Score
1 Switzerland 0.962
2 Norway 0.961
3 Iceland 0.959
4 Hong Kong 0.952
5 Australia 0.951
6 Denmark 0.948
7 Sweden 0.947
8 Ireland 0.945
9 Germany 0.942
10 Netherlands 0.941
11 Finland 0.940
12 Singapore 0.939
13 Belgium 0.937
14 New Zealand 0.937
15 Canada 0.936
16 Liechtenstein 0.935
17 Luxembourg 0.930
18 United Kingdom 0.929
19 Japan 0.925
20 South Korea 0.925
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21 United States 0.921

22 Israel 0.919
23 Malta 0.918
24 Slovenia 0.918
25 Austria 0.916
The bottom 5 countries were:
Bottom 5 HDI Rankings

Rank Country HDI Score
187 Burundi 0.426
188 Central African Republic 0.404
189 Niger 0.400
190 Chad 0.394
191 South Sudan 0.385
INDIA
India ranked 132 out of 191 countries in the United Nations Human Development Index 2021-
22 released September 8, 2022. Last year, the country ranked 131.
A combination of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and climate crises
has dragged down the human development score in 90 per cent of the countries, according to
the report. This reversed progress towards achieving the UN-mandated sustainable
development goals.
These overlapping challenges were also responsible for India’s human development value
falling to 0.633 in 2021-22 from 0.645 in the 2020 report. This reduction placed the country in
the medium human development category, according to the latest analysis.
The rank indicates the state of a nation’s health, education and average income. It is measured
on four parameters — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of
schooling and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
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Global Innovation Index (GII) 2022
The GII 2022 tracks global innovation trends against the background of an ongoing pandemic, a
slowing of productivity growth and other evolving challenges.
The state of innovation in turbulent times
1. Innovation investments thrived at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and boomed in
2021, but their continued resilience is uncertain for 2022, as the world meets new
challenges-
Historic data, plus the global economic recession, would have led one to expect a prompt
cutback in research and development (R&D), intellectual property (IP) filings and venture
capital in 2020 and 2021. The opposite happened:
 Scientific articles published globally surpassed the 2 million mark for the first time in
2021.
 Investments in global R&D in 2020 grew at a rate of 3.3 percent, not falling, but slowing
from the historically high 6.1 percent R&D growth rate recorded in 2019.
 Government budget allocations for the top R&D spending economies showed strong
growth in 2020, as governments vigorously sought to mitigate the economic effects of
the crisis on the future of innovation. For 2021 R&D budgets, the picture is more varied,
with government spending having continued to grow in the Republic of Korea and
Germany, but being cut by Japan and the United States.
 In turn, top corporate R&D spenders increased their R&D expenditure by more than 11
percent in 2020, and by almost 10 percent to over USD 900 billion in 2021, which is
higher than in 2019 before the pandemic. This increase was primarily driven by four
industries: ICT hardware and electrical equipment; Software and ICT services;
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology; and, Construction and industrial metals. Firms that
cut R&D in 2020, including in sectors such as Automobiles; Industrial engineering and
transportation; and Travel, generally – but not always – returned to R&D growth in
2021.
 IP filing activity grew during the global pandemic in 2020 and in 2021, too. International
trademark filings – a good proxy for entrepreneurship – saw particularly strong growth
in 2021, up by 15 percent.
 The biggest boom was in venture capital (VC). VC deals grew by 46 percent in 2021,
recording levels comparable to the internet boom years of the late 1990s. What is more,
VC has become more inclusive, with the Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa
regions witnessing the strongest VC growth, albeit from a low base. The VC outlook for
2022 is more sober; tightening monetary policies and the knock-on effect on risk capital
will lead to a deceleration in VC.
2. Technological progress, adoption and innovation’s socioeconomic impact all show signs of
weakness – the future of innovation-driven growth is at stake
 Indicators of technological progress in the fields of semiconductor speed, electric
battery prices, the cost of renewable energy (with the exception of wind) and drug
approvals in the United States – the best proxy to hand – show a slowdown from long-
term trends.
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 Technology adoption, in turn, is progressing, with growth across a variety of

technologies analyzed, in particular electric vehicles. However, penetration rates are still
medium-to-low, with the exception of mobile broadband, which is now within reach of
the vast majority of people worldwide.
 Largely due to COVID-19’s short-term influence, the socioeconomic impact of innovation
seems to be at a low point. All proxies for innovation impact are experiencing a
significant slowdown. Today, productivity growth – the metric used by economists to
gauge whether living standards can be improved over time – is at its lowest level ever.
What has been called the period of Great Stagnation brings into question the ability of
innovation to create future growth.
 The thematic focus of this year’s 2022 report considers this sober outlook and asks:
“What is the future of innovation-driven growth?” and “Who is right?”. Is it the
innovation pessimists, who argue that low productivity growth is here to stay. According
to them, innovations that make a truly transformative impact on productivity – like
some of the key inventions of previous centuries such as electricity– are just too difficult
to find these days. Or is it the innovation optimists, who predict a new economic and
social era; one where a massive new innovation spurt fosters a productivity uplift.
 Taking the view of the optimists, the GII 2022 puts its hopes in two novel innovation
waves:
a) an upcoming Digital Age innovation wave built on supercomputing, artificial
intelligence and automation that is on the verge of making ample productivity
impacts across all sectors – including services – and helping to achieve scientific
breakthroughs in basic sciences of all fields; and
b) a Deep Science innovation wave built on breakthroughs in biotechnologies,
nanotechnologies, new materials and other sciences that is revolutionizing
innovations in four fields of key importance to society: health, food, environment,
and mobility.
That said, the positive effects of these two novel waves will take a long time to materialize.
Many obstacles, particularly in the area of technology adoption and diffusion, have to be
overcome first.
On balance, if the Digital Age and Deep Science innovation waves can be deployed effectively,
and if governments address the urgent matters discussed in the GII 2022 Special theme section,
then innovation-driven productivity growth and its effect on our well-being will be high.
Results of the Global Innovation Index 2022 rankings
3. Some key changes in the top 15 GII ranking; China, Türkiye and India consolidate their
position as global innovation powerhouses; Indonesia next up?
th
 Switzerland – for the 12 year in a row – ranks first in the GII 2022. The United States
nd
climbs to 2 position.
 Then comes Sweden, which is followed, in turn, by the United Kingdom, the Netherlands
and the Republic of Korea.
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th
 China moves up to 11 place, overtaking France; for now, it firmly remains the only
middle- income economy within the GII top 30. No change to China’s exceptional
position among middle-income economies is currently in sight, unless Türkiye further
progresses fast.
th
 Canada is back among the top 15 global innovators, climbing to 15 place.
 South East Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (SEAO) is the only region closing the gap on
Northern America and Europe. Two SEAO economies are among the top 10 global
th th
innovators: the Republic of Korea (6 ) and Singapore (rising to rank 7 place).
th th
 Türkiye (37 ) and India (40 ) enter the top 40 for the first time.
th rd
 Beyond China and India, Viet Nam (48 ), the Islamic Republic of Iran (53 ) and the
th
Philippines (59 ) are the middle-income economies with the fastest innovation catch-up
to-date, although Viet Nam and the Philippines fell back slightly, underlining the
th
importance of sustaining innovation effort over time. Indonesia (75 ), in its turn, shows
promising innovation potential.
th
 The top economies within the Northern Africa and Western Asia region are Israel (16 ),
st
the United Arab Emirates (31 and edging closer to the top 30) and Türkiye.
nd
 India, the Islamic Republic of Iran and for the first time- Uzbekistan (82 ) and Pakistan
th
(87 ) lead the Central and Southern Asia region.
th
 Chile (50 ) – the only Latin American country in the top 50 – leads the Latin America
th
and Caribbean region, followed by Brazil (54 ) – a newcomer to the region's top 3 –
th th
then Mexico (58 ), with Costa Rica dropping out of the top 3 for the region (68 ).
rd th th th
Colombia (63 ), Peru (65 ), Argentina (69 ) and the Dominican Republic (90 ) all see
substantial rank increases in the
GII 2022.
th st
 Mauritius (45 ) and South Africa (61 ) lead the Sub-Sahara Africa region, followed by
th th
newcomer to the regional top 3 Botswana (86 ) and then Kenya (88 ). Beyond
th th th th
Mauritius and Botswana, Ghana (95 ), Namibia (96 ), Senegal (99 ), Zimbabwe (107 ),
th th
Ethiopia (117 ) and Angola (127 ) jump forward.
4. Several developing economies are performing above expectation on innovation relative to

their level of economic development
 In the GII 2022, 26 countries are outperforming on innovation relative to their
development, including newcomers Indonesia, Uzbekistan and Pakistan.
 India, Kenya, the Republic of Moldova and Viet Nam hold the record by outperforming
th
for the 12 year in a row.
 Of the 26 outperformers on innovation, eight are from Sub-Saharan Africa, with Kenya,
Rwanda and Mozambique in the lead.
 In Latin America and the Caribbean, Brazil, Peru and Jamaica are outperforming relative
to development.
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5. China now has the same amount of global top S&T clusters as the United States
 In 2022 as in previous years – the top 100 science and technology (S&T) clusters are
concentrated in three regions – Northern America, Europe and Asia – and in two
countries especially: China and the United States.
 Tokyo–Yokohama (Japan) is the top global S&T cluster, followed by Shenzhen–Hong
Kong– Guangzhou (China and Hong Kong, China), Beijing (China), Seoul (Republic of
Korea) and San Jose–San Francisco (United States).
 Cambridge in the United Kingdom and Eindhoven in the Netherlands/Belgium are found
to be the most S&T-intensive clusters. Daejeon (Republic of Korea), San Jose–San
Francisco (United States) and Oxford (United Kingdom) follow.
 For the first time, China has as many top 100 S&T clusters as the United States. Germany
follows with 10 clusters, headed by Cologne and Munich, and Japan with five clusters,
with Tokyo–Yokohama and Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto in the lead.
 São Paulo (Brazil); Bengaluru, Delhi and Mumbai and – new – Chennai (India); Tehran
(Islamic Republic of Iran); Istanbul and Ankara (Türkiye); and Moscow (Russian
Federation) are the only clusters from middle-income economies beyond China. Ankara
and Istanbul (Türkiye) and Mumbai (India) have increased their ranking considerably.
 The GII 2022 also identifies clusters beyond the top 100. Among middle-income
economies, Argentina, Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico and Thailand host S&T clusters,
respectively, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Kuala Lumpur, Mexico City and Bangkok. Other
prominent Latin American urban areas – such as Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, Porto
Alegre and Santiago de Chile – also feature in this extended global S&T clusters top
ranking.
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National Health Accounts (NHA) Estimates for India for 2018-19
Dr. Vinod K. Paul, Member (Health) of NITI Aayog, released findings of the National Health
Accounts (NHA) Estimates for India for 2018-19. In a significant update, various indicators
related to health expenditure in the country have shown encouraging trend, which has been
demonstrated on a sustained basis.
The NHA estimates for 2018-19 show that there has been an increase in the share of
government health expenditure in the total GDP of the country. It has increased from 1.15% in
2013-14 to 1.28% in 2018-19.
Figure : Government Health Expenditure as % of GDP
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Additionally, the share of Government Health Expenditure in Total Health Expenditure has also
increased over time. In 2018-19, the share of government expenditure was 40.6%, substantially
higher than the share of 28.6% in 2013-14.
NHA findings also indicate that Government’s health expenditure as a percentage of Current
Health Expenditure has increased from 23.2% in 2013-14 to 34.5% in 2018-19.
It has also been observed that per capita government spending on healthcare has increased by
74% since 2013-14, i.e., Rs. 1042 to Rs. 1815 in 2018-19.
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Aligning with the focus on providing healthcare services to all which comprises one of the policy
recommendations of the National Health Policy (NHP) 2017, government is focusing on primary
healthcare expenditure which has increased from 51.1% in 2013-14 to 55.2% in 2018-19.
Primary and secondary care accounts for more than 80% of the current Government Health
Expenditure. In case of the private sector, the share of tertiary care has increased but primary
and secondary care show a declining trend. Between 2013-14 and 2018-19, in government, the
share of primary and secondary care has increased from 74% to 86%. On the other hand, in the
private sector, the share of primary and secondary care has declined from 82% to 70% during
the same period.
Figure: Share of Primary Health Care in Current Government Health Expenditure (%)
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Due to several such steps, consequently, out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) as percentage of

total health expenditure has declined substantially by 16% points, from 64.2% to 48.2%.
Out of pocket expenditure as a percentage of current health expenditure has also declined over
time from 69.1% in 2013-14 to 53.2% in 2018-19.
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Per capita out-of-pocket expenditure in the country has decreased by 8% since 2013-14, from
Rs. 2,366 to Rs. 2,155 currently.
Focusing on social security has resulted in expenditure on health as a percentage of total health
expenditure growing from 6% to 9.6% now.
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The NHA also reveals that the government-financed health insurance expenditure has increased
by 167% since 2013-14.
The NHA estimates for 2018-19 also indicate falling reliance on external funding in the health
sector of the country. The findings from the report depict that foreign aid for health has come
down to 0.4% in 2018-19 from 2.3% in 2004-05, showcasing India’s economic self-reliance.
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Table 1: Trends in broad health financing and macroeconomic indicators

Indicators 2017-18 2018-19 Percentage
(in Rs Crores) (in Rs Crores) change
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 1,70,90,042 1,88,99,668 11%
General Government Expenditure 45,15,946 50,40,707 12%
(GGE)
Total Health Expenditure (THE) 5,66,644 5,96,440 5%
Government Health Expenditure 2,31,104 2,42,219 5%
(GHE)
About National Health Account (NHA) estimates:

The National Health Account (NHA) estimates for India 2018-19 is the sixth consecutive NHA
estimates report prepared by NHSRC, designated as National Health Accounts Technical
Secretariat (NHATS) in 2014 by the Union Health Ministry. The NHA estimates are prepared by
using an accounting framework based on the internationally accepted standard of System of
Health Accounts, 2011, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
With the present estimate of NHA, India now has a continuous series of NHA estimates for the
country, from 2013-14 to 2018-19. These estimates are not only comparable internationally,
but also enable the policymakers to monitor the progress in different health financing
indicators of the country.
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ESSAY
Gandhi – The Ambassador of Indian Culture
“Generations to come, it may well be, will scarce believe that such a man as this one ever in
flesh and blood walked upon this Earth.” – Albert Einstein on Gandhi
Introduction
 As a political leader Mahatma Gandhi emphasized the active participation of the people
along with the sympathy and support of the non-participating masses.
 He employed non-violence to resist not only colonialism but any other authoritarian
structure of power. His idea of democracy was based on the ideals of truth and justice.
 Unlike a violent revolution, which could be waged by a minority of committed cadres

and fighters, he focused on a non-violent revolution that focussed on the power of inner
conscience and morality. It was based on the political mobilization of millions and the
passive support of the vast majority. He was the moral and ethical custodian of the
movement.
The greatness of Gandhi does not need a composition to be acknowledged. But, what needs to
be emphasized is the source of the values which are the bedrock of Gandhian thought. Gandhi
was a revolutionary thinker of his times not merely because he was the supreme leader of
India’s struggle for freedom against the British, but more-so because he was an innovator and
pioneer in the sense that he invented the weapon of “Satyagraha” and dared to utilize it as a
potent weapon to fight injustice and exploitation, particularly when the entire world was
looking towards developing more and more deadly weapons of mass destruction so that they
could obliterate and annihilate their adversaries.
Further, he was way ahead of his times in the sense that he advocated the virtues of humane
treatment and fair-play in politics and diplomacy at a time when the allied powers were
dictating humiliating conditions of peace to the defeated Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.
His decision of withdrawal from the Non-Cooperation movement when it was at its peak
displayed his commitment to the values of non-violence and peaceful agitation for obtaining
political rights unlike the Bolshevik revolution, which was shedding blood of the Czar and his
loyalists for capturing political power. These things bring to fore the fact that his values and
methods were original to him rather than being inspired from any alien thought or ideology.
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Now the obvious question which follows this discussion is as to how is that Gandhi could
develop such original and intrinsic ideas which had such universal appeal so as to become a
foundational value of the modern democratic thought and international diplomacy? The
answer to this question sets the tone for justifying the title of this discussion. The fact is that
the core appreciation to the values of “Ahimsa” which is the mother of “Satyagraha” is
fundamental to Indian culture and ethos.
India has since time immemorial been a land of wisdom and learning which has been an
essential part of the Indian civilization. This culture of learning at its culmination point brought
about the realization of the presence of the Divine in all beings. This innate appreciation of the
Divine in all beings created a consciousness which dictated just and humane treatment for all
beings irrespective of their caste, race, gender, ethnicity or any other distinction. The idea of
just and humane treatment for all which is fundamental to Indian ethos finds resonance in
Gandhi’s social programme when he advocated the abolition of the practice of untouchability.
This idea finds repeated visibility in his political programmes starting from the Champaran
Satyagraha, to protest against Rowlatt Act or the Dandi March. The appeal for justice which it
invokes in fact went on to shape the entire narrative of our freedom struggle and ultimately
was also reflected in the ideals and aspirations of our Constitution. This helped to shape our
national identity which was largely distinct from those of other countries helping us create a
mature and self reliant nation.
Further, this new nation was not only clear about its goal of achieving maximum common good
for all but also on the effectiveness of the deliberative and democratic methods to achieve
those goals. All this helped us in wielding together the gigantic diversity in one fold. Not only
this, India’s identity of being a country of villages, and having its soul residing in it is also
protected by the Gandhian ideology, which is carved in our Constitution in the form of Directive
Principles of State Policy
The credit of all these achievements largely goes to the towering personality of Gandhi who had
the wisdom of not only distilling those pristine values out of Indian culture but also
transforming them into practical instruments potent enough to achieve political goals in a
largely hostile and exploitative environment.It was he who revitalized Indian culture of
brotherhood, secularism, tolerance, truth and non-violence not only through his great thoughts
but also through imbibing them at heart and bringin them into action. Truly, he served as the
ambassador of Indian culture.
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Ideologies and impact
 Non-violence: The consensus on the practice of non-violence during the national

movement contributed to the creation of a temper of democracy in the country.
Discussion, debate, and persuasion, backed by public opinion, were emphasized for
bringing about political and social change.
 Satyagraha: The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search
for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then
physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or
being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through nonviolence. This could be
done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. Gandhi had the ability to invoke
Satyagraha globally as a transformative and emancipative methodology.
 Decentralisation and grassroots representation: His ideas on representative democracy

and the full range of civil liberties for the individual became an integral part of India’s
political thinking. It brought democracy at the grassroots level through a focus on the
Panchayati Raj. This was also reflected in the division of Congress Working Committees on
the basis of language during the struggle for Independence.
 Swaraj or ‘self-rule’ right from the village level expanded representativeness in the Indian
democracy. Eradication of poverty by a revival of village economy laid emphasis on
intensive, small-scale, individual and diversified farming and a cattle-based economy. This
laid foundation stone for Directive Principles of State Policy.
 Religion: His ideas on communal harmony paved the way for secular character of Indian
democracy. He believed that religion was a personal practice and this was reflected in the
separation of Indian political structure from religion which defined secularism for the
society.
 Social empowerment of marginalised communities: Gandhian ideals were reflected in the

Indian national movement’s opposition to all forms of inequality, discrimination, and
oppression based on gender and caste. His concept of ‘Sarvodaya’ incorporated the social
liberation of women and the lower castes through opposition to child marriage and
abolition of untouchability.
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 Impact on other democracies: In South Africa Nelson Mandela was inspired by the
Gandhian virtues of forgiveness and compassion which were first practiced by Gandhi
himself during his stay in the country. In West Africa, nationalist leaders such as Kwame
Nkrumah in the British colony of the Gold Coast were inspired by Gandhi’s success. In
Poland, Lech Walesa consciously tried to incorporate elements of Gandhian strategy in the
Solidarity Movement. Apart from democracies, Gandhian ideologies impacted the mass
movements like Arab Spring.
 Racism: Gandhi’s resistance did not only become a significant part of the Indian
independence struggle but also played an important role in South African struggle against
apartheid.
Conclusion
Gandhian ideologies shaped the creation of institutions and practices where the voice and
perspective of everyone can be articulated, tested and transformed. According to him,
democracy provided the weak with the same chance as the strong. Functioning on the basis of
voluntary cooperation and dignified and peaceful co-existence was replicated in several other
modern democracies. Also, his emphasis on political tolerance and religious pluralism holds
relevance in contemporary Indian politics.
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Globalization and Deglobalisation
Globalization
Globalization refers to the economic, social, and political integration of nations. It entails the
spread of products, technology, information, and jobs across national borders and cultures.
In economic terms, it describes an interdependence of nations around the globe, fostered
through free trade.
Globalization causes inequality for various reasons. Inequality corresponds with greater
economic uncertainty, lower investment and high social tensions and political instability. If
globalization drives inequality, what are the remedies?
De-Globalization
 Deglobalization is a movement towards a less connected world, characterized by
powerful nation states, local solutions, and border controls rather than global
institutions, treaties, and free movement.
 It is the process of diminishing interdependence and integration between the nations. It
is characterised by the decline in economic trade and investment between countries.
 It highlights the trend of several countries wanting to go back to economic and trade
policies that put their national interests first.
 These policies often take the form of tariffs or quantitative barriers that impede the free
movement of people, products and services among countries.
 The idea behind de-globalisation is to shield local manufacturing by making imports
costlier.
Indicators of De-globalization
Some consider the world to have entered a period of deglobalization, citing recent events such
as Brexit, Trumpism, the Ukraine war, problems with supply chains, the global energy crisis and
the past decade’s decline in foreign direct investment (whereby residents of one country invest
long-term in another country’s economy).
Perhaps the greatest evidence of deglobalization taking place is in the current political
imagination of both democracies and authoritarian states.
During recent election campaigns in the US and Germany, climate change – an inescapably
international issue - was discussed as a national challenge with mitigation and adaptation
efforts characterized as national opportunities.
In China, globalized infrastructure such as the internet is heavily restricted and recast as a tool
heavily controlled by the national government, with ‘the great firewall’ turning the free flow of
information into an incredibly effective method of political control.
There is some evidence of deglobalization in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. The
economic data are mixed and indicate a stall, but not a collapse of globalization.
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 Trade Protectionism: The recent trade war between the US and China indicates a
change in attitude of AEs in protecting their interests at the cost of developing
countries. Trade is not growing as quickly as before the Great Financial Crisis of 2008,
that may be the consequence of decreased investment in technological innovation.
 Immigration Control: Instances of immigration control by US, UK and other European
countries have been dominant in past one decade. Recent decision of Trump
administration of building wall across Mexican border highlights emerging trend of
protectionism in free movement of people across the borders.
 Brexit Movement: Brexit and ‘Make America Great Again’ are symptoms of underlying
processes of de-globalization that have already generated significant trade and
investment uncertainty. This has had a concrete impact on trade & investment flows as
firms and consumers are adjusting behaviour in anticipation of further trade shocks.
 Flow of Capital: Cross-border financial flows have been reduced due to uncertainty in
the global policy making and increased protectionism by AEs.
Impact on Advanced Economies : According to think tank Capital Economist, roughly a third of
global per capita income growth since 1990 has accrued to the emerging markets (EMs) and
not to the AEs. Various impacts visible on AEs due to globalization have been described below:
 Labour Market Loss: The major hurdle faced by the AEs is the death of relatively low
skilled sectors like textile and the support economies that grew around it. There are
varying estimates of the job losses caused by cheaper imports from China and other
emerging economies. The re-absorption of this displaced labour has been slow and
incomplete which is reflected in the share of wages to GDP that dropped by 5% from
2000 to 2017.
 Technology: Advanced Economies have largely depended on technological change for
per capita income growth and productivity enhancement. There is deceleration in
technological change, during the last decade, partly due to low investment in innovation
and partly due to fading additional gains from the internet computer revolution.
 Growing Inequality: The slow pace of technological change in AEs had resulted in the
stagnation of blue collar incomes which seems to be the major cause of rising inequality
in the AEs. AEs have blamed globalization for their deteriorating economies and labour
market growth.
 Consumer Credit: As a bid to keep spending alive, AEs focused on the consumer credit
in the early 2000s. This precipitated into the Great Financial Crisis of 2008.
 Social Cost of Globalization: The intensity of America’s opioid addiction crisis maps
directly into regions and demographic groups that have borne of the contraction of
economic opportunities that globalization has brought.
Impact on Emerging Markets
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Emerging Markets have been the greatest beneficiaries of globalisation in the past few decades.
The recent trends of de-globalisation will have profound impact on EMs, which are highlighted
below:
 Trade: The increase in tariff barriers by the AEs have led to the shrinking of exports in
EMs which is silently destroying their job intensive manufacturing sector.
 Migration: AEs are the hot destination of high skilled labour from EMs. The increased
protective measure by AEs for free movement of high skilled labour is threatening their
productive growth and job opportunities. De-globalisation with respect to the mobility
of services and people can impact both the export of services, and the trend of Indians
migrating abroad for higher education and jobs.
 Protectionist moves change the fundamental premise on the basis of which
international organisations such as the WTO regulates global trade. When large,
industrialised, and prosperous nations break ranks to erect new entry barriers for goods
and services, this can drastically impact the fortunes of their many trade partners.
 Calculations of global economic growth, inflation and interest rates can then observe
drastic changes. The US economy, for instance, imports a lot of inexpensive
manufactured goods from China. If a tariff war increases costs of imports into the US, its
domestic inflation may rocket and US interest rates may increase faster.
Conclusion
The biggest losers from de-globalisation would be the EMs who have benefited the most from
globalisation. Therefore, the agenda of building a more balanced industrial economy
incorporating the needs of both AEs and EMs needs a concentrated effort to make a global
economy more inclusive.
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TRANSLATION
Translate the following given Passage from English to Hindi
Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour

The human-environment relationship can be appreciated fully by understanding that the two
influence each other, and depend on each other for their survival and maintenance. When we
focus our attention on the effects of the natural environment on human beings, we find a
variety of environmental influences, ranging from physical effects such as a change of clothing
in response to climate changes to severe psychological effects such as serious depression after
a natural disaster.
Environmental influences on perception : Some aspects of the environment influence human

perception. For example, a tribal society of Africa lives in circular huts, that is, in houses without
angular walls. They show less error in a geometric illusion than people from cities, who live in
houses with angular walls.
Environmental influences on emotions : The environment affects our emotional reactions as

well. Watching nature in any form, whether it is a quietly flowing river, a smiling flower, or a
tranquil mountain top, provides a kind of joy that cannot be matched by any other experience.
Natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, landslides, quakes on the earth or under the ocean,
can affect people’s emotions to such an extent that they experience deep depression and
sorrow, a sense of complete helplessness and lack of control over their lives. Such an influence
on human emotions is a traumatic experience that changes people’s lives forever, and can last
for a very long time after the actual event in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Ecological influences on occupation, living style and attitudes : The natural environment of a
particular region determines whether people living in that region rely on agriculture (as in the
plains), or on other occupations such as hunting and gathering (as in forest, mountainous or
desert regions), or on industries (as in areas that are not fertile enough for agriculture). In turn,
the occupation determines the lifestyle and attitudes of the residents of a particular
geographical region. Compare the daily routine followed by a person living in a desert with one
living in a mountainous region, and with one living on the plains. It has been observed that an
agricultural society has to depend on the collective efforts of its members.
Therefore, the members of an agricultural society develop an attitude of cooperativeness, and

consider group interests more important than the individual’s wishes. They are also closer to
nature, more dependent on natural events such as the monsoon, and may face situations in
which necessary natural resources such as water are in limited supply. Accordingly, the
members of an agricultural society may become more fatalistic in their beliefs. On the other
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hand, highly industrialised societies feel less close to and less dependent on nature. Members
of industrialised societies may value independent thinking, develop an attitude of
competitiveness, and cultivate a belief of personal control over what happens to them.
Human Influence on the Environment : Human beings also exert their influence on the natural
environment for fulfilling their physical needs and other purposes. All the examples of the built
environment express human influence over the environment. For example, the human being
started building something called ‘houses’ by changing the natural environment in order to
provide shelter for herself/himself. Some of these human actions harm and damage the
environment, and ultimately harm themselves, in numerous ways.
For example, human beings use appliances such as refrigerators and airconditioners that
generate chemical substances (e.g., CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons) that pollute the air and, in
the long run, may be responsible for physical diseases such as some forms of cancer. Smoking is
known to pollute the air around us, and the burning of plastic or metal articles has disastrous
polluting effects on the environment. Cutting down trees, or deforestation, may disrupt the
carbon cycle and the water cycle. This may eventually affect the pattern of rainfall in a region,
and increase soil erosion and desertification. Industries that discharge effluents, and pump this
untreated sewage into rivers, seem to be unconcerned about the dangerous physical and
psychological consequences of this kind of pollution.
What is the psychological message in all of these examples? The message is that although most
of the effects mentioned above are physical in nature, human beings have brought about these
effects in order to exhibit their control and power over the natural environment. It is somewhat
paradoxical that human beings are using technology to change the natural environment in
order to improve the quality of their life but, in reality, they may actually be worsening the
quality of life
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मानव वहार पर पयावरणीय भाव
मानव-पयावरण संबंध को परू ी तरह से यह समझकर गुण-िववेचन िकया जा सकता है िक दोन एक-दसू रे
को भािवत करते ह, और अपने अि त व और रखरखाव के िलए एक-दसू रे पर िनभर ह। जब हम मानव
पर ाकृितक पयावरण के भाव पर अपना यान कि त करते ह, तो हम िविभ न कार के पयावरणीय
भाव पाते ह, िजनाका िव तार भौितक भाव, जैसे -जलवायु प रवतन के अनकु ू ल व को बदलने से
लेकर गंभीर मनोवै ािनक भाव जैसे कृितक िवपदा के प ात गंभीर अवसाद शािमल ह।
य ण (धारणा) पर पयावरणीय भाव : पयावरण के कुछ पहलू मानव धारणा को भािवत करते ह।
उदाहरण के िलए, अ का का एक आिदवासी समाज गोलाकार झोपिड़य म रहती है, यानी िबना
कोणीय दीवार वाले घर म। वे शहर के लोग क तुलना म यािमतीय म म कम िु ट िदखाते ह, जो
कोणीय दीवार वाले घर म रहते ह।
संवेग (भावनाओ)ं पर पयावरणीय भाव : पयावरण हमारी भावना मक िति याओ ं को भी भािवत
करता है। कृ ित को िकसी भी प म देखना, चाहे वह एक शातं बहती नदी हो, एक मु कुराता हआ फूल
हो, या एक शांत पहाड़ क चोटी हो, एक कार का आनंद दान करता है जो िकसी अ य अनभु व से
मेल नह खा सकता है। ाकृितक आपदाए,ं जैसे बाढ़, सख ू ा, भू खलन, पृ वी पर या समु के नीचे
भक ू ं प, लोग क भावनाओ ं को इस हद तक भािवत कर सकते ह िक वे गहरे अवसाद और दःु ख का
अनभु व करते ह, परू ी तरह से असहाय क भावना और अपने जीवन पर िनयं ण क कमी का अनभु व
करते ह। मानवीय भावनाओ ं पर ऐसा भाव एक ददनाक अनभु व है जो लोग के जीवन को हमेशा के
िलए बदल देता है, और वा तिवक घटना के बाद पो ट- ॉमेिटक ेस िडसऑडर (अिभघातज के बाद
का तनाव िवकार) (PTSD) के प म बहत लबं े समय तक रह सकता है।
यवसाय, जीवन शैली (रहन-सहन) और अिभविृ य (मनोविृ य ) पर पा रि थितक भाव : िकसी
िवशेष े का ाकृितक वातावरण यह िनधा रत करता है िक उस े म रहने वाले लोग कृिष पर
(मैदान क तरह), या अ य यवसाय जैसे िशकार और सं हण पर (जैसे जंगल, पहाड़ी या रे िग तानी
े ), या उ ोग पर (जैसे िक उन े म जो कृिष के िलए पया उपजाऊ नह ह) िनभर ह। बदले म,
यवसाय एक िवशेष भौगोिलक े के िनवािसय क जीवन शैली और ि कोण को िनधा रत करता है।
रे िग तान म रहने वाले यि क दैिनक िदनचया क तुलना, पहाड़ी े म रहने वाले यि से और
मैदानी इलाक म रहने वाले यि से कर। यह देखा गया है िक एक कृ िष समाज को अपने सद य के
सामूिहक यास पर िनभर रहना पड़ता है।
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इसिलए, एक कृिष समाज के सद य सहका रता (सहयोगशीलता) का ि कोण (अिभविृ ) िवकिसत

करते ह, और समहू के िहत को यि क इ छाओ ं से अिधक मह वपणू मानते ह। वे कृित के भी
करीब ह, मानसनू जैसी ाकृितक घटनाओ ं पर अिधक िनभर ह, और उन प रि थितय का सामना कर
सकते ह िजनम पानी जैसे आव यक ाकृितक संसाधन सीिमत आपूित म ह। तदनुसार, एक कृिष समाज
के सद य अपने िव ास म अिधक भा यवादी हो सकते ह। दसू री ओर, अ यिधक औ ोिगक समाज
कृित के कम करीब और कम िनभर महससू करते ह। औ ोिगक समाज के सद य वतं सोच को
मह व दे सकते ह, ित पधा मकता का ि कोण िवकिसत कर सकते ह, और उनके साथ या होता है,
इस पर यि गत िनयं ण का िव ास पैदा कर लेते ह।
पयावरण पर मानव का भाव : मनु य भी अपनी भौितक आव यकताओ ं और अ य उ े य क पिू त के
िलए ाकृितक पयावरण पर अपना भाव डालता है। िनिमत पयावरण के सभी उदाहरण पयावरण पर
मानवीय भाव को य करते ह। उदाहरण के िलए, मानव ने अपने िलए आ य दान करने के िलए
ाकृितक वातावरण को बदलकर 'घर ' नामक िकसी चीज़ का िनमाण शु िकया। इनम से कुछ मानवीय
ि याएं पयावरण को नक ु सान पहचं ाती ह और ित पहचं ाती ह, और अंततः खदु को कई तरह से
नक
ु सान पहचं ाते ह ।
उदाहरण के िलए, मनु य रे ि जरे टर और वातानक
ु ू लन जैसे उपकरण का उपयोग करते ह जो रासायिनक
पदाथ (जैस,े सीएफ़सी, या लोरो लोरोकाबन) उ प न करते ह जो हवा को दिू षत करते ह और लंबे
समय म, कुछ कार के कसर जैसे शारी रक रोग के िलए िज मेदार हो सकते ह। धू पान हमारे आसपास
क हवा को दिू षत करने के िलए जाना जाता है, और लाि टक या धातु क व तओ ु ं को जलाने से
पयावरण पर िवनाशकारी भाव पड़ता है। पेड़ को काटना, या वन क कटाई, काबन च और जल
च को बािधत कर सकती है। यह अतं तः एक े म वषा के पैटन (सं प) को भािवत कर सकता है,
और िम ी के कटाव और म थलीकरण को बढ़ा सकता है। वे उ ोग जो अपिश का बिहवाह करते ह,
और इस अनपु चा रत (अससं ािधत) गदं े पानी को निदय म वािहत करते ह, इस तरह के दषू ण के
खतरनाक शारी रक और मनोवै ािनक प रणाम से तिनक िचंितत तीत नह होते ह।
इन सभी उदाहरण म मनोवै ािनक संदश े या है? संदशे यह है िक य िप ऊपर विणत अिधकांश भाव
कृित म भौितक ह, िक तु मानव ने उ ह ाकृितक पयावरण के ऊपर अपना िनयं ण और शि दिशत
करने के िलए ही जिनत िकया है । यह कुछ हद तक िवरोधाभासी है िक मनु य अपने जीवन क गणु व ा
म सधु ार के िलए ाकृ ितक पयावरण को बदलने के िलए ौ ोिगक का उपयोग कर रहे ह, लेिकन
वा तिवकता यह है िक वे संभावतः जीवन क गुणव ा को और खराब कर रहे ह ।
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िन निलिखत अवतरण का िहदं ी से अं ेजी म अनुवाद क िजए :
वृ जन से हम य -परो प से सदैव मागदशन िमलता है। आयु तो एक सं या भर है, उसका जीवन

के ित ि कोण से भला या लेना देना। पर नह , कुछ लोग बार-बार यह कह कर िक अब आप बूढ़े हो
चकु े ह, आपक अव था ढल चक ु है, इसिलए भगवान का नाम ल और एक कोने म चपु चाप पड़े रह,
बुजगु को यह अहसास िदलाते ह िक आपने अपनी िजंदगी जी ली, अब दसू र के जीवन म दखल मत द।
एक कोने म पड़े रह, जो िमले उसी को दया समझकर पेट भर ल।
बात-बात म अपने अनभु व क झड़ी न लगाएं। उ ह मौन रहने के िलए मजबूर करना अनभु व का गला
घ टने के समान होता है। वे आयु से बड़े ह, इसका मतलब यह नह िक हम उ ह फ का और उबला
भोजन खाने के िलए द। न िक उ ह कभी अ छा खाने को मन करे , तो उनसे बरु ा वताव कर ।
बुजगु क पहचान मानवीय ि कोण से होनी चािहए। उनका भी मन करता है िक चार िम के साथ हसं -
बोल ल। कुछ रंगीन और नए कपड़े पहन ल। अपनी इ छा से कोई गीत गनु गनु ा ल। िकसी गाने पर ठुमका
ही लगा द। जीवन साथी जीिवत है तो उनके साथ एक-दसू रे का साथ िनभाने का मन करता ही है। लेिकन
इसे गलत समझना और उन पर तंज कसना एक स य समाज को शोभा नह देता।
उ ह बात-बात म चोट पहचं ाने क चे ा नह करनी चािहए िक आपक उ ढल चक ु है। पारी समा हो
चकु है या िफर आपके िदन अगं ुिलय पर बचे ह। इससे उनम नीरसता, दख
ु , पीड़ा का भाव संचा रत
होता है। यह ठीक नह है।
सच यह है िक बजु गु लाचार और बेचारे नह होते। उ ह स मान से जीने का परू ा अिधकार है। अपने जीवन
का सबसे अिधक समय उ ह ने घर-प रवार को िदया होता है, मेहनत से स चा होता है। वे घर-प रवार
पी फुलवारी को बंदू -बंदू स चकर संदु र बनाते ह। वे य ही उ क ढलान तक नह पहचं े ह। अनभु व
क भ ी म पके होते ह। तप कर सोना बने होते ह, िनखर कर आते ह।
इतने वष तक वे प रवार को आकार ही देते रहे, औलाद को व के सांचे म ढाल कर समाज के िलए
उपयोगी बनाते रहे, उनके पैर मजबूत करते रहे, तमाम मारा-मारी म लगे रहे। अब जाकर फुसत के कुछ
ण िमले होते ह, तो उ ह शािं त और अपने तरीके से जीने का अिधकार देना चािहए। वे इस ढलान पर
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इसिलए नह पहचं े होते ह िक हमारी खरी-खोटी सनु । इसिलए यह आभास कराना बंद कर देना चािहए
िक वे बढ़ू े हो चक
ु े ह।
बुजगु क नजर से देख तो उनम अब भी बहत दमखम बाक होता है। वे जमाने को बदलने का ढ़ और
अिवचिलत आ मिव ास रखते ह। वे इतने वष तक दसू र के िलए जीते रहे। ऐसी ि थित म अगर उ ह
हर ण ‘बढ़ू ा-बढ़ू ा’ कहा जाए तो इससे उनका आ मिव ास टूट जाता है। सच यह है िक वे इसी समय
क ती ा म थे िक जीवन क भागदौड़ म जो पीछे छूट गया, उन सबको अब थोड़ा जी िलया जाए। उ ह
न हमारी दखलंदाजी पसंद होती है । य धरती पर ज म लेने वाले सभी ािणय को आदर और स मान के
साथ जीने का परू ा अिधकार है। सब जीएं और सबको जीने द।
बुजगु होना स मान का सचू क है। जब तक मन िजंदा होता है, शरीर पी जीवन कायम रहता है। िजस
अव था म जीने क इ छा और कुछ कर गुजरने क उ कंठा ती होती है, वह अव था उतनी ही
खबू सरू त लगने लगती है। जीवन क भागदौड़ म जो पीछे छूट गया, उससे बचे हए को बेहतर बनाया जा
सकता है। इसिलए उ ह रोते और परे शान होते जीवन िबताने पर बा य नह करना चािहए। िज ह ने
आजीवन हमारे िलए अपना सब कुछ वाहा िकया हो, उनके िलए हमारा भी कुछ दािय व बनता है। यह
याद रखना चािहए िक हमारा अि त व उनसे ही है। य भी कौन चाहेगा िक कोई भी उनके कमजोर हालत
म कटा करे या उनक उपे ा करे । खासतौर पर तब जब उ ह ने अपने आसपास वाले लोग के िलए
अपने स म होने के िदन म बहत कुछ िकया हो।
वृ जन दरअसल वटवृ के समान ह। इनक छाया म रहने वाले लोग धपू , आंधी और अ य िवपि य से
बचे रहते ह। वृ जन के अनभु व का लाभ समाज को उठाना चािहए। भारतीय सं कृित म गहृ थ के बाद
वान थ आ म माना जाता है। प रवार चाहे संयु ह या एकल, उसम बुजगु क सदा आव यकता
होती है। व र जन अपने अनभु व का लाभ आने वाली पीढ़ी को आशीवाद के प म देते ह। इसिलए
बजु गु जब तक िजए,ं उ ह खश
ु ी देने का यास होना चािहए। यह भी याद रखते हए िक हम भी कुछ वष
बाद िजंदगी क इसी ढलान से गुजरगे और तब हम अपने िलए शायद खश ु ी और संतोष का जीवन
खोजगे।
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We always get guidance directly or indirectly from elders. Age is just a number, what does it
have to do with the attitude towards life? But no, some people by repeatedly saying that now
you are old, your condition is over, so take the name of God and lie quietly in a corner, make
the elders feel that you have lived your life Don't interfere in the lives of others now. Keep lying
in a corner, take what you get as mercy and fill your stomach.
Don't throw your experiences into talk. Forcing them to remain silent is tantamount to
throttling the experience. They are older than age, that does not mean that we give them
undigested and boiled food to eat. Don't treat them badly if they ever feel like eating well.
The elderly should be identified from a human point of view. He also feels like having a laugh
with four friends. Wear some colorful and new clothes. Humming any song of your choice. Just
dance on a song. If the life partner is alive, then he feels like playing each other with them. But
mistaking it and taunting them does not suit a civilized society.
They should not try to hurt by talking that you are old. The innings is over or your days are on
your fingers. Due to this, a feeling of dullness, sadness, pain is transmitted in them. This is not
right.
The truth is that the elderly people are not helpless and poor. They have every right to live with
dignity. He has given most of his lifetime to his family, he is irrigated by hard work. They make
the flowerbed of the family beautiful by irrigating it drop by drop. They just haven't reached the
age gap. They are cooked in the furnace of experiences. They are made of gold by doing
penance, they come out with a sparkle.
For so many years, he kept giving shape to the family, made the child useful for the society by
casting the child in the mould of time, kept strengthening his legs, kept busy in all the
struggling. Now that some moments of leisure are available, then they should be given the right
to live in peace and in their own way. They have not reached this slope because they listen to
our truth. That's why they should stop giving the impression that they are old.
Looking from the eyes of the elderly, they still have a lot of strength left in them. They have a
firm and unshakeable confidence to change the times. He lived for others for so many years. In
such a situation, if they are called 'old-aged' every moment, it breaks their confidence. The
truth is that they were waiting for this time that all those who were left behind in the hustle
and bustle of life should now live a little. They do not like our interference . Thus all beings born
on earth have every right to live with respect and dignity. Live everyone and let everyone live.
Being old is a sign of respect. As long as the mind is alive, the life of the body continues. The
state in which the desire to live and the urge to do something is intense, the more beautiful
that state becomes. What is left behind in the hustle and bustle of life can make the rest
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better. Therefore they should not be forced to spend their lives crying and upset. We also have
some responsibility for those who have sacrificed everything for us throughout their life. It
should be remembered that we exist only from them. Anyway, who would want anyone to take
a dig at his weak condition or ignore him. Especially when he has done a lot for the people
around him during his capable days.
Old people are really like banyan trees. People living in their shadow are protected from sun,
storm and other calamities. The society should take advantage of the experiences of the
elderly. Vanprastha Ashram is considered after the householder in Indian culture. Whether the
family is joint or nuclear, elders are always needed in it. Seniors pass on the benefit of their
experience as a blessing to the coming generation. Therefore, efforts should be made to give
happiness to the elderly as long as they live. Also remembering that we too will go through the
same slope of life after a few years and then we will probably find a life of happiness and
contentment for ourselves.
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PRECISE WRITING
PRACTICE SET 1
The basic core of evolution – survival, and reproduction- has been proven over and over
through our various behavioral patterns. Let’s retrograde and explore what are some exciting
concepts that have been performed by humans before us and how did it occur.
Almost every organism has the tendency to react to certain stimuli for survival. This reaction to
each and every situation has an evolutionary basis of adaptation. The study of human emotions
dates back to the 19th century and psychologists have since then discovered many reasons for
every emotion, yet these are just theories. The arousal of emotions and their assumed
structures is said to occur due to repeated encounters with a situation followed by the
adaptation of the encounter. Human emotions have been linked to adaptively regulate
emotion-gathering mechanisms. The emotion of fear which is associated with ancient parts of
the brain has presumably evolved among our pre-mammal ancestors while the emotion of a
mother’s love called the ‘filial emotion’ has seen to evolve among early mammals. Various
emotions work as manipulative strategies that favours survival. Feigning emotions by an
accused person may help him be saved from the punishment. An exaggerated display of anger
is also associated with manipulating or threatening someone.
Despite there being several emotions for various events, ironically the most interesting emotion
is the emotion of disgust. Disgust is aroused when the body senses a danger to the immunity or
the physiology of the human. The disgusted memory is associated with alerting the brain of a
potentially dangerous substance. A few studies have shown that the encoding triggered in
adaptive memory for problems is stronger than any other behaviour. This makes us instantly
have a disgusted expression at the sight of something that makes us uncomfortable or uneasy.
These expressions are also closely linked to self-protective communication.
Precis
Title: Human Evolution and Emotions
The emotions that humans express and react to stimuli in the environment have an
evolutionary basis. Emotions are assumed to be a result of repeated encounters with a certain
event.
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According to evolution, emotions like fear, love, feigning, anger, and disgust are results of
consistent reactions in particular situations. Some expressions are often built up or adapted as
a form of self-protection.
Hope you are now well prepared to prepare a well-composed precis. Make sure you keep
practicing which will help you learn new skills and help you become confident while writing. If
you wish to learn creative writing, reach out to our experts at Leverage Edu who will find the
best course that can equip you with the knowledge and skills. Sign up for a free session.
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PRACTICE SET 2
Trees give shade for the benefit of others, and while they themselves stand in the sun and
endure the scorching heat, they produce the fruit of which others profit. The character of good
men is like that of trees. What is the use of this perishable body if no use is made of it for the
benefit of mankind? Sandalwood, the more it is rubbed, the more scent does it yield.
Sugarcane, the more it is peeled and cut up into pieces, the more juice does it produce. The
men who are noble at heart do not lose their qualities even in losing their lives. What matters
whether men praise them or not? What difference does it make whether they die at this
moment or whether lives are prolonged? Happen what may, those who tread in the right path
will not set foot in any other. Life itself is unprofitable to a man who does not live for others. To
live for the mere sake of living one's life is to live the life of dog and ( crows. Those who lay
down their lives for the sake of others will assuredly dwell for ever in a world of bliss.
Precis
Title: Good men live for others
The character of good men is like that of trees. They live for others and do not lose their
qualities even in losing their lives. They always follow the right path. Praise is immaterial to
them To live for one's own sake is to lead the life of beasts. Only those who lay down their lives
for others will live for ever in a world of bliss.
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Practice Paper - 1
Current Affairs (August & September) –2022
1. Which governing body has announced to launch its new centralized portal called ‘e-
Samadhan?
(a) University Grants Commission
(b) All India Council for Technical Education
(c) Pharmacy Council of India
(d) Central Board of Secondary Education
2. Which state government has signed an MoU with the US-based ‘Parley for the Oceans’
on plastic waste management in the state?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Odisha
(d) Andhra Pradesh
3. Jammu & Kashmir Police has launched an online Mobile application _________.
(a) JK Scop
(b) JK Dcop
(c) JK Ecop
(d) JK Kcop
4. National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has released the Accidental Deaths & Suicides in
India 2021 report. According to the 2021 report, which state has the highest number of
road accident deaths?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Maharashtra
5. In which state, Reliance Industries will set up India’s first and one of the world’s largest
carbon fibre plants?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Maharashtra
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6. Indian Railways have set up __________ machines at Mumbai stations to convert water
vapour in the air into potable water.
(a) JalJeevan
(b) AquaWater
(c) Jaldoot
(d) Meghdoot
7. Tata Steel has signed an MoU with the which government for setting up a steel plant
with a scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF).
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Punjab
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Gujarat
8. Nagesh Singh has been appointed as India’s next ambassador to which country?
(a) France
(b) Thailand
(c) UK
(d) USA
9. Colin de Grandhomme has announced his retirement from international cricket. Which
of the following country did he represent?
(a) England
(b) South Africa
(c) New Zealand
(d) Australia
10. Which of the following government unveiled a scheme called Mahila Nidhi on Women’s
Equality Day to help them sustain their livelihoods?
(a) Odisha
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Sikkim
(d) Assam
11. Which of the following has topped the list of government departments that did not
adhere to Central Vigilance Commission’s (CVC)?
(a) Bank of India
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(b) Delhi Jal Board

(c) SIDBI
(d) Railways Ministry
12. In India, National Nutrition Week is observed every year from _______.
(a) September 1-7
(b) September 2-8
(c) September 3-9
(d) September 4-10
13. The All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has signed an agreement with
which company to accelerate digital creativity skills across India?
(a) Microsoft
(b) Apple
(c) Adobe
(d) Google
14. Who has been appointed as the Director General of the News Services Division of All
India Radio?
(a) Dr. Vasudha Gupta
(b) Rajiv Kumar
(c) Dixit Joshi
(d) R K Gupta
15. Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology will be used for the first time at a FIFA U-17
Women’s World Cup. Which country is going to host the FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup
in October 2022?
(a) Japan
(b) Qatar
(c) India
(d) Singapore
16. ______ is India’s first quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (qHPV) vaccine
intended to protect women against cervical cancer.
(a) Cervarix
(b) Gardasil
(c) Cervavac
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(d) Zydusvac
17. Forbes Asia released the 2nd edition of the list titled ‘Forbes Asia-100 to Watch 2022’.
How many start-up companies from India featured in the list?
(a) 16
(b) 15
(c) 13
(d) 11
18. Who has released a book titled “Science Behind Surya Namaskar”?
(a) L. Murugan
(b) John Barla
(c) Dr Munjpara Mahendrabhai Kalubhai
(d) Shantanu Thakur
19. Which of the following state celebrated Nuakhai Festival?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Odisha
(c) Assam
(d) Uttarakhand
20. The first edition of the “World Health Summit for Pride of Homoeopathic held in which
city?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Berlin
(c) Paris
(d) Dubai
21. Who has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of NHPC?
(a) Dr. Vasudha Gupta
(b) Yamuna Kumar Chaubey
(c) Dixit Joshi
(d) R K Gupta
22. Who among the following won the 2022 Ramon Magsaysay award in September 2022?
(a) Moussa Bougma
(b) Bree Akesson
(c) Harini Amarasuriya
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(d) Bernadette J. Madrid

23. Recently, the Smart Solutions Challenge & Inclusive Cities Awards 2022 was presented,
the awards is an initiative of _________ and _____________.
(a) NITI Aayog and the United Nations in India
(b) National Institute of Urban Affairs and the United Nations in India
(c) National Institute of Urban Affairs and NITI Aayog
(d) NITI Aayog and UNESCO India
24. INS Vikrant, India’s first home-built aircraft carrier, was formally commissioned at
____________.
(a) Goa Shipyard Limited
(b) Bombay Dockyard
(c) Naval Dockyard, Vishakapatnam
(d) Cochin Shipyard Limited
25. Oscar-winning music icon, _______ recently had the honour of getting Canada’s
Markham city’s street named after him.
(a) R. D. Burman
(b) Ilaiyaraaja
(c) Shankar Mahadevan
(d) AR Rahman
26. Starbucks has appointed its new Indian-origin Chief Executive Officer ______.
(a) Abhay Kumar Singh
(b) Uday Sakharam Nirgudkar
(c) Biswajit Basu
(d) Laxman Narasimhan
27. Who among the following has elected as new president of the All India Football
Federation?
(a) Mehmood Khan
(b) Kalyan Chaubey
(c) Laxman Narasimhan
(d) Chris Sinclair
28. Which of the following bank has partnered with ADB to support supply chain financing?
(a) HDFC Bank
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(b) IDBI Bank

(c) Axis Bank
(d) IndusInd Bank
29. Which state has launched the ‘Rural Backyard Piggery Scheme’?
(a) Tripura
(b) West Bengal
(c) Assam
(d) Meghalaya
30. B. Sheik Ali passed away recently. He was a famous ______.
(a) Writer
(b) Politician
(c) Historian
(d) Social Worker
31. India’s first-ever “Night Sky Sanctuary” to be set up in _______.
(a) Sikkim
(b) Assam
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Ladakh
32. The book ‘Divorce and Democracy: A History of Personal Law in Post-Independence
India’ talks about family law, religion, and gender politics in India is written by:
(a) Saumya Saxena
(b) Geetanjali Shree
(c) Mamang Dai
(d) Khalid Jawed
33. ___________ became first village in Uttar Pradesh to have RO water in every household.
(a) Jind
(b) Bhartaul
(c) Reva
(d) Bhiwadi
34. Who won the Emmy Award for his narration in the Netflix documentary “Our Great
National Parks”?
(a) Bill Gates
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(b) Ratan Tata

(c) Shah Rukh Khan
(d) Barrack Obama
35. The International Day of Charity is observed on ________.
(a) September 7
(b) September 5
(c) September 4
(d) September 3
36. Who has been appointed as new CEO Sansad TV?
(a) Sanjeev Dixit
(b) Ravi Capoor
(c) Saurabh Tripathi
(d) Utpal Kumar Singh
37. The recently proposed Dark Sky Reserve will be located at Hanle in Ladakh as a part of:
(a) Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary
(b) Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) Karkoram Wildlife Sanctuary
(d) Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
38. What is the theme of National Teachers’ Day 2022?
(a) Young Teachers: The future of the Profession
(b) Teachers at the heart of education recovery
(c) Leading in crisis, reimaging the future
(d) The right to education means the right to a qualified teacher
39. Amit Shah launched 36th National Games Anthem and mascot in ________.
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Surat
(c) Vadodara
(d) Pune
40. Which of the following State/UT to host first-ever Mountain Bicycle World Cup?
(a) Ladakh
(b) Delhi
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(c) Punjab
(d) Haryana
41. _____________ has topped among all Ministries and Departments in resolving Public
Grievances for the month of August 2022.
(a) Finance Ministry
(b) RBI
(c) Airports Authority of India
(d) Unique Identification Authority of India
42. Which company has unveiled India’s first LNG-fuelled green truck by launching a
manufacturing plant at Chakan, Pune?
(a) Blue Energy Motors
(b) Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
(c) Suzuki Motor Corporation
(d) Mercedes-Benz
43. Which state government has launched an e-governance portal – “Samarth”?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Uttarakhand
44. Which of the following company has signed an MoU with UK-based Smiths Detection to
offer advanced, high-energy scanning systems to the Indian market?
(a) Reliance Industries Limited
(b) Infosys Technologies
(c) Bharat Electronics Limited
(d) Hindustan Unilever Limited
45. Supreme Court judge Justice DY Chandrachud has been appointed as the next executive
chairperson of the ___________.
(a) NALSA
(b) NITI Aayog
(c) Governor of RBI
(d) Bureau of Indian Standards
46. Who has won the Dutch Formula 1 Grand Prix 2022?
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(a) Sebastian Vettel

(b) Lewis Hamilton
(c) Max Verstappen
(d) Charles Leclerc
47. Indian Institute of Technology Madras researchers along with Inspire Institute of Sports
(IIS) are developing a cost-effective analytics platform to improve the medal tally for
which sport at the 2024 Olympics?
(a) Shooting
(b) Hockey
(c) Javelin Throw
(d) Boxing
48. The government of India has announced to change the name of Rajpath and Central
Vista lawns into __________.
(a) Kartavya Path
(b) Agnipath
(c) Ramsetu
(d) Ahimsa Path
49. Who has been recently conferred the title of Honorary General of the Nepali Army by
Nepal President Bidya Devi Bhandari in Kathmandu?
(a) General Bipin Rawat
(b) General Manoj Pande
(c) General Manoj Mukund Naravane
(d) General Dalbir Singh Suhag
50. Which state has been sets up country’s first Bio-Villages, recognized by an international
group?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Assam
(d) Tripura
51. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced a new initiative, the development and
upgradation of ______ schools across the country under the Pradhan Mantri Schools For
Rising India (PM-SHRI) Yojana.
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(a) 14,500
(b) 15,500
(c) 16,500
(d) 20,500
52. Who among the following wins Dubai Open chess tournament?
(a) Alexandar Indjic
(b) Aravindh Chithambaram
(c) Ziaur Rahman
(d) Samvel Ter-Sahakyan
53. On the occasion of Teachers Day, President Droupadi Murmu has honoured _____
selected teachers from across the country with National Awards at Vigyan Bhawan New
Delhi.
(a) 45
(b) 46
(c) 47
(d) 48
54. Kiccha Sudeep has been appointed as brand ambassador of Punyakoti Dattu Yojana.
Punyakoti Dattu is a Scheme of which state?
(a) Tripura
(b) West Bengal
(c) Assam
(d) Karnataka
55. International Day of Clean Air for blue skies is observed every year on which day?
(a) 4 September
(b) 5 September
(c) 6 September
(d) 7 September
56. Which of the following boat club has scripted its maiden triumph in the Nehru Trophy
boat race?
(a) Police Boat Club’s Chambakkulam club
(b) Mahadevikadu Kattil Thekkethil Chundan club
(c) Veeyapuram Punnamada club
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(d) Moonu Thaikkal club

57. Who has won the gold medal in the Malaysian Age Group Rapid Chess Championship in
Kuala Lumpur?
(a) Aditya Saxena
(b) Alaukik Sinha
(c) Anishka Biyani
(d) R Praggnanandhaa
58. According to the 28th edition of the Status Report on India’s External Debt 2021-22, the
External debt as a ratio to Gross domestic product (GDP) is _____________ as of March
2022.
(a) 15. 8%
(b) 19. 9%
(c) 11. 2%
(d) 20.6%
59. According the NITI Aayog report titled ‘Preserving Progress on Nutrition in India: Poshan
Abhiyan in Pandemic Times’, which state ranked first in larger states category in terms
of the overall implementation of the Centre’s flagship Poshan Abhiyaan?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Maharashtra
60. ________ranks at the top in the number of disposal and entry of cases through the e-
Prosecution portal managed by the Union government under its Digital India Mission.
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Punjab
(d) Jharkhand
61. Who was awarded with the annual Sahitya Puraskar of the Loknayak Foundation (18th
Loknayak Foundation Award)?
(a) Boyi Bhimanna
(b) Janamaddi Hanumat Sastry
(c) Tanikella Bharani
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(d) Ravuri Bharadwaja

62. The United States issued how many student visas to Indians in 2022, according to the US
embassy in India?
(a) 50,000
(b) 72,000
(c) 80,000
(d) 82,000
63. Which state government has launched a rainwater harvesting scheme named CHHATA?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Odisha
(d) Andhra Pradesh
64. Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has inaugurated India’s longest rubber dam ‘Gayaji
Dam’ on which of the following river?
(a) Sone River
(b) Poonpoon River
(c) Karmanasa River
(d) Falgu River
65. The government has set up a committee under who among the following to moderate
gas prices in India in September 2022?
(a) Kirit S Parikh
(b) Janki Ballabh
(c) M.B.N Rao
(d) Y. M. Deosthalee
66. World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD), celebrated annually on ________, is organized by
the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and endorsed by the World
Health Organization (WHO).
(a) 07 September
(b) 09 September
(c) 10 September
(d) 08 September
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67. According to Forbes realtime billionaires list, who is the Asia’s richest man with a net
worth of USD 129. 16 billion?
(a) Azim Premji
(b) Radhakrishna Damani
(c) Mukesh Ambani
(d) Gautam Adani
68. What is the theme of Himalayan Diwas 2022?
(a) Connecting People to Himalayas
(b) Sab ka Himalaya
(c) Contribution Of Himalayas And Our Responsibilities
(d) Himalayas will be safe only when the interests of its residents are protected###
69. Who among the following is the new Chief of United Nations Human Rights?
(a) Volker Türk
(b) Michelle Bachelet Jeria
(c) Antonio Guterres
(d) Mary Robinson
70. Who has been conferred Singapore’s prestigious military award, the Pingat Jasa
Gemilang (Tentera) or Meritorious Service Medal (Military) (MSM(M))?
(a) Vice-Admiral Ram Dass Katari
(b) Admiral Sunil Lanba
(c) Vice-Admiral Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman
(d) Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji
71. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the Centre-State Science Conclave via
video conferencing in which city?
(a) Bengaluru
(b) New Delhi
(c) Bhubaneswar
(d) Ahmedabad
72. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal has launched programme SETU in San
Francisco, US. What does E stand for in SETU?
(a) Environment
(b) Ecological
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(c) Entrepreneurship
(d) Entrepreneurs
73. Which of the following private space startups has secured its first patent for the design
and manufacturing of its 3D-printed rocket engine?
(a) SpaceX
(b) Agnikul Cosmos
(c) PLD Space
(d) OneSpace
74. In the men’s category, who has lifted 2022 US Open final title?
(a) C. Alcaraz Garcia
(b) C. Ruud
(c) R. Ram
(d) J. Salisbury
75. In the women’s category, who has lifted 2022 US Open final title?
(a) O. Jabeur
(b) I. Świątek
(c) K. Siniaková
(d) B. Krejčíková
76. The United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation is observed annually on ______ to
highlight the importance of cooperation among people.
(a) September 11
(b) September 12
(c) September 13
(d) September 14
77. Who among the following has been recently appointed as the SAFEMA Appellate
Tribunal chief?
(a) Jagdish Sharma
(b) Munishwar Nath Bhandari
(c) Soniya Dixit
(d) Vikram Yadav
78. Indian Army’s Kharga Corps and the Indian Air Force have conducted a joint exercise
‘Gagan Strike’ in _______.
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(a) Haryana
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Punjab
79. India & Japan 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue held in which city?
(a) Bengaluru
(b) New Delhi
(c) Tokyo
(d) Osaka
80. Which of the following country passed a law allowing itself to carry out a preventive
nuclear strike?
(a) Russia
(b) North Korea
(c) Japan
(d) Iran
81. Which of the following state government will provide a unique farm ID similar to
Aadhaar number to the farmers of the state?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Punjab
82. Indian railways for the first time has floated a tender to invite private players to build a
high-speed wheel plant under which initiative?
(a) Digital India
(b) Startup India
(c) Standup India
(d) Make in India
83. The Indian Railways will be introducing the new avatar high-speed train Vande Bharat
called Vande Bharat 2. It will have a maximum speed up to how many kmph?
(a) 160
(b) 180
(c) 200
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(d) 250
84. Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways will build the National Maritime Heritage
Complex at which of the following sites of the Indus Valley Civilization?
(a) Lothal
(b) Udaipur
(c) Chittorgarh
(d) Jodhpur
85. Which of the following state will host Ranji trophy matches for the first time in
December 2022?
(a) Tripura
(b) Sikkim
(c) Assam
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
86. Who has won Italian F1 Grand Prix 2022?
(a) Sebastian Vettel
(b) Lewis Hamilton
(c) Max Verstappen
(d) Charles Leclerc
87. Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurated the World Dairy Summit 2022 in
Greater Noida, what is the theme of the summit?
(a) Dairy for nutrition and livelihood
(b) Dairy for the youth
(c) Importance of Dairy during Pandemic
(d) Dairy and Healthy Lifestyle
88. Sri Lankan cricket team won the Asia Cup 2022, after defeating which of the following
teams in the finals?
(a) India
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Pakistan
(d) Afghanistan
89. The Ministry of AYUSH celebrates Ayurveda Day every year on Dhanvantari Jayanti and
this year it will be celebrated on _______.
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(a) 23 September
(b) 23 October
(c) 23 November
(d) 23 December
90. Which of the following state has announced first-ever ‘Cinematic Tourism Policy’?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
91. Which bank has became the first bank in the country to issue an Electronic Bank
Guarantee (e-BG) in partnership with National E-Governance Services Limited (NeSL)?
(a) ICICI Bank
(b) IDFC Bank
(c) YES Bank
(d) HDFC Bank
92. World’s largest museum of Harappan culture to be set up in which of the followings
state of India?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Haryana
93. The government has informed that India has turned into a power surplus nation with a
total installed electricity capacity of over _____ lakh Megawatt.
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
94. Which of the following social media platforms has partnered with India Post Payments
Bank to drive financial inclusion in remote cities in September 2022?
(a) Koo
(b) Youtube
(c) Whatsapp
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(d) Twitter
95. In India, Engineer’s Day is celebrated on September 15 every year. This day
commemorates the birth anniversary of _______.
(a) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(b) Elattuvalapil Sreedharan
(c) Sir Moksha Gundam Visvesvaraya
(d) Satish Dhawan
96. This year, September 15 marks the ______ anniversary of the International Day of
Democracy.
(a) 12th
(b) 13th
(c) 14th
(d) 15th
97. Name the author of the book “Rajini’s Mantras: Life lessons from India’s mostloved
Superstar”.
(a) Jagdish Dinkar
(b) P.C. Balasubramanian
(c) Rahul Verma
(d) Sojeet Kaporr
98. Which of the following city will create history by implementing a fully digital addressing
system, making it the first city in India?
(a) Kolkata
(b) Dehradun
(c) Kanpur
(d) Indore
99. Which institution has released the report incidence, mortality, morbidity and
socioeconomic burden of snakebite in the country?
(a) AIIMS
(b) ICMR
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) IMA
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100. Who is the head of the Expert Committee constituted by the Ministry of Road Transport
and Highways on EV battery safety standards?
(a) Nandan Nilekani
(b) Ramesh Chand
(c) Parameswaran Iyer
(d) Tata Narsingh Rao
101. Budhabalanga River, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?
(a) Telangana
(b) Odisha
(c) West Bengal
(d) Karnataka
102. Kwe, which was seen in the news, is a variety of which fruit?
(a) Apple
(b) Pine apple
(c) Mango
(d) Grapes
103. Which state hosted the ‘Conclave of State Science & Technology (S&T) Ministers’?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Gujarat
(c) Bihar
(d) Madhya Pradesh
104. Which company has unveiled India’s first Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuelled green
truck?
(a) Greenko
(b) Switch Mobility
(c) Blue Energy
(d) Larsen and Toubro
105. Who is the head of the ‘Committee for drafting of the national cooperative policy
document’?
(a) Amit Shah
(b) Suresh Prabhu
(c) L K Advani
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(d) Murli Manohar Joshi

106. India’s first Forest University to be established in which of the following state?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Telangana
107. Which of the following state has become the third state to have Food Security Atlas?
(a) Tripura
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Assam
(d) Bihar
108. International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated every year on
which day globally?
(a) 15 September
(b) 17 September
(c) 16 September
(d) 13 September
109. Which of the following national football teams won the SAFF U-17 Championship Title in
Colombo in September 2022?
(a) Nepal
(b) India
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Malaysia
110. Which of the following has become India’s most-valuable brand according to Kantar
BrandZ report?
(a) HDFC Bank
(b) TCS
(c) Infosys
(d) Tata
111. Who has been appointed as the new Chairman & Managing Director of the India Trade
Promotion Organization (ITPO)?
(a) Namita Bansal
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(b) Rohit Verma

(c) BVR Subrahmanyam
(d) Aman Gupta
112. Which of the following has released a new digital publication ‘BLO e-Patrika’ at an event
in New Delhi?
(a) Finance Ministry
(b) Reserve Bank of India
(c) Election Commission of India
(d) NITI Aayog
113. Which Zoological Park has been recognized as the best zoo in the country?
(a) National Zoological Park, New Delhi
(b) Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad
(c) Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Chennai
(d) Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling
114. Former Davis Cup captain Naresh Kumar passed away recently. Davis Cup is related to
which sport?
(a) Hockey
(b) Tennis
(c) Kabaddi
(d) Football
115. In September 2022, which of the following banks has partnered with WhatsApp to
enable FASTag recharge through ‘payments on WhatsApp’?
(a) ICICI Bank
(b) SBI
(c) HDFC Bank
(d) IDFC First Bank
116. Which of the following bank was ranked 63rd on the Best Workplaces in Asia 2022 and
becomes the only bank in India to be listed by Great Place to Work?
(a) SBI
(b) Federal Bank
(c) HDFC Bank
(d) Canara Bank
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117. Which of the following has become the first police force in the country to make
collection of forensic evidence mandatory in crimes punishable by more than six years?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Delhi
(d) Tamil Nadu
118. Joao Lourenco was sworn in for a second term as president of which country?
(a) Angola
(b) Ghana
(c) Sudan
(d) Namibia
119. Which paramilitary forces’ first female camel riding squad is being deployed along the
India- Pak border?
(a) BSF
(b) CISF
(c) Assam Rifles
(d) ITBP
120. Who has inaugurated Ramakrishna Mission’s ‘Awakening ‘ programme for students of
classes 1 to 5?
(a) Anurag Thakur
(b) Piyush Goyal
(c) Smriti Irani
(d) Dharmendra Pradhan
121. Which of the following university has signed an MoU with the Indian Navy to establish a
long-term symbiotic relationship for Academic Cooperation?
(a) University of Delhi
(b) Amity University
(c) Allahabad University
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru University
122. Which state government has decided to name the new integrated Secretariat complex
after Babasaheb BR Ambedkar?
(a) Maharashtra
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(b) Tamil Nadu

(c) Gujarat
(d) Telangana
123. Who has launched the book ‘Ambedkar and Modi – Reformer’s Ideas Performer’s
Implementation’?
(a) Narendra Modi
(b) M Venkaiah Naidu
(c) Ramnath Kovind
(d) Droupadi Murmu
124. International Equal Pay Day is observed every year on which day?
(a) 17 September
(b) 18 September
(c) 19 September
(d) 16 September
125. Which of the following National Parks was selected to reintroduce Cheetahs in India?
(a) Kuno National Park
(b) Bandipur National Park
(c) Kaziranga National Park
(d) Ranthambore National Park
126. Which country hosts the SCO summit of 2022?
(a) India
(b) Tajikistan
(c) China
(d) Uzbekistan
127. Which team beat Mumbai City FC 2-1 in the final of the 131st edition of Durand Cup?
(a) Bengaluru FC
(b) Kerala Blasters
(c) NorthEast United
(d) East Bengal
128. Name the author of the book ‘Muskurate Chand Lamhe aur Kuchh Khamoshiyan’.
(a) Sandeep Dixit
(b) Jyoti Kumari
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(c) Sonam Verma

(d) Jiwesh Nandan
129. Union Jal Shakti Minister, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat declared _________ as India’s first
Swachh Sujal Pradesh.
(a) Chandigarh
(b) Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
(c) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
130. India’s 1st lithium-ion cell factory has been inaugurated in which of the following state?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Andhra Pradesh
131. Which Doordarshan series has been launched by US Agency for International
Development (USAID) and UNICEF?
(a) Digital Namaste
(b) Sapnoo ki udaan
(c) Junoon ke saath
(d) Door Se Namaste
132. Which of the following has been nominated as the first-ever Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO) Tourism and Cultural Capital during the period 2022-2023?
(a) Ayodhya
(b) Varanasi
(c) Ujjain
(d) Puri
133. Who has been conferred with France’s top civilian honour ‘Knight of the Legion of
Honour’?
(a) Nita Ambani
(b) Roshni Nadar
(c) Swati Piramal
(d) Divya Gupta
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134. UAE has signed an MOU with which of the following country space agency to work
together on moon missions?
(a) India
(b) Russia
(c) Japan
(d) China
135. What is the theme of the International Week of Deaf People 2022?
(a) We Sign For Human Rights
(b) Building Inclusive Communities for All
(c) A Disability-Inclusive Response to COVID-19
(d) With Sign Language, Everyone is Included!
136. Who among the following has been elected as a member of the Global Alliance of
National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) Bureau at the 27th Annual General
Meeting of the Asia Pacific Forum in September 2022?
(a) Mahesh Mittal Kumar
(b) Dnyaneshwar Manohar Mulay
(c) Rajiv Jain
(d) Arun Kumar Mishra
137. The rotational presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has been handed
over to ______ in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
(a) Pakistan
(b) Tajikistan
(c) Russia
(d) India
138. The Indian Air Force is set to retire its Srinagar-based ______ squadron ‘Sword Arms’.
(a) Sukhoi-30 MKI
(b) Jaguar
(c) MiG-29
(d) MiG-21
139. Which of the following is India’s first state/UT to achieve 100 per cent coverage of
precautionary dose?
(a) Puducherry
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(b) Goa
(c) Bihar
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Island
140. Which of the following state launched ‘CM Da Haisi’ web portal to address public
grievances?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Assam
(c) Manipur
(d) Manipur
141. Union Minister _______ to lead delegation to US for Global Clean Energy Action Forum.
(a) Jitendra Singh
(b) Nitin Jairam Gadkari
(c) Narendra Singh Tomar
(d) Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
142. Google Cloud has announced that it has launched the first cohort of its computing
foundations with Kubernetes course in collaboration with ______.
(a) Nasscom
(b) HCL
(c) Wipro
(d) TCS
143. What is the rank of India in the Global Crypto Adoption index 2022?
(a) 1st
(b) 2nd
(c) 3rd
(d) 4th
144. Which of the following state has decided to introduce a ‘no-bag day’ in schools?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Bihar
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145. Which of the following state government has given in-principal nod to a proposal to set
up an institution on the lines of NITI Aayog to make studied decisions on various
sectors?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Andhra Pradesh
146. Who among the following has won the bronze medal in the men’s 65kg category at the
World Wrestling Championships in Belgrade?
(a) Bajrang Punia
(b) Deepak Punia
(c) Yogeshwar Dutt
(d) Satyawart Kadian
147. Who has won a silver medal in the World Para Athletics Grand Prix, in Morocco?
(a) Singhraj Adhana
(b) Avani Lekhara
(c) Sumit Antil
(d) Devendra Jhajharia
148. In September 2022, which of the following Indian navy warships was decommissioned in
the ceremony conducted at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai?
(a) INS Shayadri
(b) INS Ajay
(c) INS Talwar
(d) INS Kalvari
149. Indian Army activated satellite broadband-based internet service on the world’s highest
battlefield, Siachen Glacier. The siachen glacier is loacted in which mountain range?
(a) Zaskar
(b) Pirpanjal
(c) Karakoram
(d) Ladakh
150. Which of the following film is the India official entry for the 95th Academy Awards or Oscar
awards?
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(a) RRR
(b) Chhello Show
(c) Brahmastra: Part One Shiva
(d) The Kashmir Files
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Answer Keys
Practice Paper - 1
Current Affairs (August & September) –2022
Q.N. Ans. Explanations

1. A Higher education sector regulator University Grants Commission (UGC) will now
monitor and resolve all grievances of students and staff in varsities through a
centralized portal called ‘e-Samadhan.
2. D Andhra Pradesh government has signed an MoU with the US-based Parley for
the Oceans to clean the shores of the State and make Andhra Pradesh plastic
free by 2027.
3. C The Jammu & Kashmir Police has launched an online Mobile application “JK
Ecop”. The App enables the common citizens to use a host of services ranging
from registering a complaint to downloading a copy of an FIR.
4. D The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) released a Accidental Deaths &
Suicides report, as per the number of suicide-related deaths in India reached an
all-time high in 2021 22,207 people committed suicide in Maharashtra in 2021,
the state with the highest reported suicide rate, as per Accidental Deaths &
Suicides report.
Tamil Nadu came in second with 18,925 suicide cases, followed by Madhya
Pradesh with 14,965 cases, West Bengal with 13,500, and Karnataka with 13,056.
These five states collectively accounted for 50.4% of all suicide deaths in the
nation, as per the reports.
5. B Reliance Industries will set up India’s first and one of the world’s largest carbon
fibre plants in Hazira, Gujarat.
6. D Indian Railways have set up ‘Meghdoot’ machines at Dadar, Thane and other
stations of the Mumbai Division.
7. B Tata Steel has signed an MoU with the Punjab Government for setting up a steel
plant with a scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF) in Ludhiana.
8. B An Indian Foreign Service officer of the 1995 batch, Nagesh Singh has been
appointed as India’s next ambassador to Thailand.
9. C New Zealand allrounder Colin de Grandhomme has announced his retirement
from international cricket. De Grandhomme’s international career lasted over 10
years and he represented New Zealand in 115 games across formats.
10. B Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot unveiled a scheme called Mahila Nidhi on
Women’s Equality Day to help them sustain their livelihoods as well as start
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
some small business ventures for their economic betterment.

11. D Railways Ministry has topped the list of government departments that did not
adhere to Central Vigilance Commission’s (CVC) advice against corrupt officials
and concluded cases as per its own disciplinary procedures, according to the
CVC’s latest annual report.
12. A In India, the first week of September every year is celebrated as National
Nutrition Week. The week is observed every year from September 1-7.
13. C The All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has signed an agreement
with US-based Adobe to accelerate digital creativity skills across India.
14. A Senior Indian Information Service officer Dr. Vasudha Gupta has been appointed
as the Director General of the News Services Division of All India Radio.
15. C Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology will be used for the first time at a FIFA
U-17 Women’s World Cup, to be held in India in October 2022.
16. C India’s first indigenous vaccine against cervical cancer was launched. The cervical
cancer vaccine, Cervavac, is a Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine
(qHPV),developed by the Serum Institute of India (SII) and the Department of
Biotechnology(DBT).
17. D The list for 2022 featured 11 start-up companies from India along with 19
companies from Singapore, followed by 16 start-ups from Hong Kong, 15 from
South Korea, and 13 from China.
18. C Minister of State for AYUSH, Dr Munjpara Mahendrabhai Kalubhai has released a
book titled “Science Behind Surya Namaskar” a collection of evidence-based
research on one of the most well-known Yoga asanas at the AIIA.
19. B Celebrated a day after Ganesh Chaturthi, Nuakhai is the most auspicious and
important social festival in Western Odisha.
20. D The first edition of the “World Health Summit for Pride of Homoeopathicas held
in Dubai. The summit aimed to educate and promote a homoeopathic system of
medicine, drugs, and practices.
21. B Yamuna Kumar Chaubey has been appointed as Chairman and Managing
Director (CMD) of NHPC. He succeeded Abhay Kumar Singh.
22. D Bernadette J. Madrid-She is a children’s rights crusader from the Philippines. She
is being recognized for “her unassuming and steadfast commitment to noble and
demanding advocacy.
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23. B The awards are an initiative of the National Institute of Urban Affairs and the
United Nations in India to address city-level accessibility and inclusion challenges
faced by persons with disability women and girls, and the elderly.
24. D INS Vikrant, India’s first home-built aircraft carrier, was formally commissioned
after completing almost a year of sea trials in Cochin Shipyard Limited.
25. D Oscar-winning music icon, AR Rahman recently had the honour of getting
Canada’s Markham city’s street named after him.
26. D The coffee giant Starbucks has appointed its new Indian-origin Chief Executive
Officer, Laxman Narasimhan. He will join Starbucks on October 1, after replacing
Howard Schultz who will continue as interim chief until April 2023.
27. B Kalyan Chaubey, who was a goalkeeper with the storied Mohun Bagan and East
Bengal football clubs in Kolkata, was elected president of the All India Football
Federation.
28. D Private lender IndusInd Bank of Friday, September 2, said it has joined hands
with Asian Development Bank (ADB) to support and promote supply chain
finance (SCF) solutions in India.
29. D Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad K Sangma has launched the ‘Rural Backyard
Piggery Scheme’.
30. C Noted historian and first Vice Chancellor of Mangalore and Goa Universities
Professor B. Sheik Ali passed away.
31. D In a unique and first-of-its-kind initiative, the Department of Science &
Technology (DST), Govt of India, has undertaken to set up India’s first-ever
“Night Sky Sanctuary” in Ladakh which will be completed within next three
months.
32. A The book ‘Divorce and Democracy: A History of Personal Law in Post-
Independence India’ talks about family law, religion, and gender politics in India.
33. B Bhartaul becomes first village in state to have RO water in every household As
part of the Adarsh Gram Panchayat initiative, Bhartaul village in Bareilly district
has become the first village in the state to have RO water in every household.
34. D The former President of the United States Barack Obama won Emmy Award for
his narration in the Netflix documentary “Our Great National Parks”.
35. B The International Day of Charity is observed on September 5. On this day,
philanthropic and humanitarian efforts of any kind are honoured.
36. D Rajya Sabha Chairman and Lok Sabha Speaker jointly decided that Utpal Kumar
Singh, currently holding the post of Secretary General Lok Sabha, will additionally
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charge the functions of CEO Sansad TV.

37. D The proposed Dark Sky Reserve will be located at Hanle in Ladakh as a part of
Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary. It will boost Astro tourism in India and will be
one of the world’s highest-located sites for optical, infra-red, and gamma-ray
telescopes.
38. C The 5th of September is celebrated as teacher’s day all over India, marks the
birthday of the country’s first Vice President (1952–1962) who went on to
become the second President of India (1962-1967), a scholar, philosopher,
Bharat Ratna awardee, Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan. The theme for this year’s
teachers’ day is ‘Leading in crisis, reimaging the future.’
39. A Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the anthem and mascot of the 36th
National Games at Ahmedabad in Gujarat.
40. A In Ladakh, Leh town is all set to host the first-ever Mountain Bicycle, MTB, World
Cup – the ‘UCI MTB Eliminator World Cup in India.
41. D The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has topped among all
Ministries and Departments in resolving Public Grievances for the month of
August 2022.
42. A Blue Energy Motors has unveiled India’s first LNG-fuelled green truck by
launching a manufacturing plant at Chakan, Pune.
43. D The Uttarakhand education department has launched an e-governance portal –
“Samarth”. It will provide all administrative & educational updates including
information about entrance exams & appointments from 5 state universities &
140 public schools.
44. C Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has signed an MoU with UK-based Smiths
Detection to offer advanced, high-energy scanning systems to the Indian market.
45. A Supreme Court judge Justice DY Chandrachud has been appointed as the next
executive chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).
46. C Red Bull’s driver Max Verstappen has won the Dutch Formula 1 Grand Prix 2022.
Mercedes’ George Russell & Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc came at the 2nd and 3rd
positions respectively.
47. D Indian Institute of Technology Madras researchers along with Inspire Institute of
Sports (IIS) in Bellary, Karnataka, are developing a cost-effective boxing analytics
platform ‘Smartboxer’ to increase India’s boxing medal tally at the 2024
Olympics.
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48. A The government of India has announced to change the name of Rajpath and
Central Vista lawns into Kartavya Path. The decision is said to shed remnants of
the British colony in India.
49. B Indian Army chief General Manoj Pande was conferred the title of Honorary
General of the Nepali Army by Nepal President Bidya Devi Bhandari in
Kathmandu.
50. D The first Bio Villages of the country, designed and set up in Tripura, have been
recognized by an international group.
51. A Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced a new initiative, the development
and upgradation of 14 thousand 500 schools across the country under the
Pradhan Mantri Schools For Rising India (PM-SHRI) Yojana.
52. B Grandmaster Aravindh Chithambaram wins Dubai Open chess tournament with
7.5 points from nine rounds.
53. A On the occasion of Teachers Day, President Droupadi Murmu has honoured 45
selected teachers from across the country with National Awards at Vigyan
Bhawan New Delhi.
54. D The Karnataka government has appointed Kannada actor Sudeep as the brand
ambassador for “Punyakoti Dattu Yojana’ a cattle adoption scheme.
55. D The International Day of Clean Air for blue skies is observed globally on
September 07 to promote and facilitate actions to improve air quality. This year’s
theme of “The Air We Share” focuses on the transboundary nature of air
pollution, stressing the need for collective accountability and action.
56. B Pallathuruthy Boat Club, Mahadevikadu Kattil Thekkethil Chundan has scripted
its maiden triumph in the Nehru Trophy boat race for snake boats at the
Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha.
57. C Six-year-old Anishka Biyani has won the gold medal in the Malaysian Age Group
Rapid Chess Championship at Kuala Lumpur.
58. B According to reports, the External debt as a ratio to Gross domestic product
(GDP) fell marginally to 19.9 per cent as of March this year, from 21.2 per cent a
year ago.
59. D Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat have been ranked as the top three
states among larger states in terms of the overall implementation of the Centre’s
flagship Poshan Abhiyaan, according to a Niti Aayog report.
60. A Uttar Pradesh, with 9.12 million cases, ranks at the top in the number of disposal
and entry of cases through the e-Prosecution portal managed by the Union
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government under its Digital India Mission.

61. C Telugu writer and actor, Tanikella Bharani was presented with the annual Sahitya
Puraskar of the Loknayak Foundation (18th Loknayak Foundation Award) at an
award ceremony.
62. D The United States issued a record of 82,000 student visas to Indians in 2022,
according to the US embassy in India.
63. C The Odisha government has launched a rainwater harvesting scheme named
‘Community Harnessing and Harvesting Rainwater Artificially from Terrace to
Aquifer (CHHATA).
64. D Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has inaugurated India’s longest rubber dam
‘Gayaji Dam’ on the Falgu River in Gaya.
65. A The committee under former planning commission member Kirit S Parikh will
suggest a “fair price to the end consumer”.
66. C World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD), celebrated annually on 10 September, is
organized by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and
endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
67. D According to Forbes realtime billionaires list, Asia’s richest man Gautam Adani
has overtaken Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to become the 3rd richest person in
the world. He became India’s richest man with a net worth of USD 129.16 billion
(Rs. 10.29 trillion)
68. D The National Mission for Clean Ganga organized Himalayan Diwas on September
09, in association with Naula Foundation. Himalaya Day 2022 was observed
under the theme ‘Himalayas will be safe only when the interests of its residents
are protected.
69. A The United Nations (UN) General Assembly approved Volker Türk of Austria to be
the global body’s Human Rights Chief by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
70. B Former India Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba has been conferred
Singapore’s prestigious military award, the Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera) or
Meritorious Service Medal (Military) (MSM(M)), by President Halimah Yacob.
71. D Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the Centre-State Science
Conclave via video conferencing. The conclave is being organised at Science City,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
72. D Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal has launched programme. SETU
(Supporting Entrepreneurs in Transformation and Upskilling) in San Francisco,
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US.
73. B Agnikul Cosmos, one of India’s private space startups, has secured its first patent
for the design and manufacturing of its 3D-printed rocket engine.
74. A In the men’s category, Spanish player C. Alcaraz Garcia has lifted his first Grand
Slam trophy after defeating C. Ruud, to become the youngest player to reach
world No. 1 at just 19 years old. The event was held at the Arthur Ashe Stadium
in New York.
75. B In the women’s category, Poland tennis player I. Świątek defeated O. Jabeur to
win the 2022 US Open women’s singles final title.
76. B The United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation is observed annually on
September 12 to highlight the importance of cooperation among people and
countries in the global South.
77. B Madras High Court Chief Justice (CJ) Munishwar Nath Bhandari, has been
appointed as the chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal under the Smugglers and
Foreign Exchange Manipulators Act (SFEMA).
78. D Indian Army’s Kharga Corps and the Indian Air Force have conducted a joint
exercise ‘Gagan Strike’ in Punjab. The exercise, conducted over four days,
comprised the deployment of attack helicopters as the aerial arm in support of
ground forces carrying out drills, practising annihilation of enemy defences and
deep penetration.
79. C Defence Minister Rajnath Singh along with EAM Dr. S Jaishankar has participated
in the 2nd India-Japan ‘2+2 Ministerial Dialogue’ in Tokyo.
80. B North Korea has passed a law allowing itself to carry out a preventive nuclear
strike. The status of the nation as a nuclear weapons state has become
irreversible with the new law.
81. A Uttar Pradesh govt will provide a unique farm ID similar to Aadhaar number to
the farmers of the state.
82. D Indian railways for the first time has floated a tender to invite private players to
build a high-speed wheel plant under the Make in India initiative.
83. B Vande Bharat 2 will be equipped with more advancement and improved features
like 0 to 100 Kmpl speed in just 52 seconds, maximum speed up to 180 Kmph, a
less weight of 392 ton instead of 430 ton, and WI-FI content on demand.
84. A Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways is building the National Maritime
Heritage Complex at the historic Indus Valley civilization region of Lothal in
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Gujarat with a total cost of 3500 crores rupees.

85. B Sikkim will host Ranji trophy matches for the first time in December 2022. The
state will welcome three northeast teams – Mizoram, Manipur, and Arunachal
Pradesh, at the Mining Cricket Ground near Rangpo.
86. C Red Bull’s driver Max Verstappen has won the Italian Formula 1 Grand Prix.
Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc and Mercedes’ George Russell came at the 2nd and 3rd
positions respectively.
87. A Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurates World Dairy Summit 2022 in Greater
Noida. According to union minister for fisheries, animal husbandry and dairying
Parshottam Rupala, India is hosting the International Dairy Federation (IDF)
global dairy summit after 48 years, where more than 1,500 experts, farmers and
processors of dairy products from 50 countries will be participating.
88. C The Sri Lankan cricket team gifted the island nation joy and the sixth Asia Cup
title as they defeated Pakistan by 23 runs in the final in Dubai. India, with seven
titles (six ODI and one T20I), is the most successful team in the tournament.
89. B The Ministry of AYUSH celebrates Ayurveda Day every year on Dhanvantari
Jayanti and this year it will be celebrated on 23 October.
90. D Gujarat Chief Minister, Bhupendra Patel has announced Gujarat’s first-ever
‘Cinematic Tourism Policy’ in the presence of dignitaries including actor Ajay
Devgan, and State Government Minister Shri. Purnesh Modi and Shri Arvind
Raiyani.
91. D HDFC Bank, India’s largest private sector bank, became the first bank in the
country to issue an Electronic Bank Guarantee (e-BG) in partnership with
National E-Governance Services Limited (NeSL).
92. D The world’s largest museum of Harappan culture will be set up in Haryana’s
Rakhigarhi village. The village of Rakhigarhi was part of the Indus Valley
Civilisation from 2600-1900 BC.
93. B The government has informed that India has turned into a power surplus nation
with a total installed electricity capacity of over 4 lakh Mega Watt.
94. A Koo partners with India Post Payments Bank to drive financial inclusion in
remote cities. Koo said the memorandum of understanding aims to bring
together the synergies of both Koo and IPPB to drive ‘financial inclusion’ and
‘literacy’ amongst the users in tier 2, tier 3, & remote cities and hinterlands.
95. C In India, Engineer’s Day is celebrated on September 15 every year. The day is
celebrated to recognise the contribution of engineers in the development of the
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nation. This day commemorates the birth anniversary of Sir Moksha Gundam
Visvesvaraya, who is considered one of the greatest engineers of India.
96. D This year, September 15 marks the 15th anniversary of the International Day of
Democracy. The day is celebrated annually around the world to strengthen
democracies and highlight its values and principles.
97. B The entrepreneurcumauthor, P.C. Balasubramanian (PC Bala) authored a new
book “Rajini’s Mantras: Life lessons from India’s mostloved Superstar” in English.
98. D Indore will create history by implementing a fully digital addressing system,
making it the first city in India to do so.
99. B Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has released a study on the incidence,
mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite in the country.
As per the study, snakes kill more than 45,000 people in India each year.
100. D Ministry of Road Transport and Highway constituted an Expert Committee,
chaired by Tata Narsingh Rao. He is the Director of International Advanced
Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad.
101. B The National Green Tribunal has asked two people of Mayurbhanj district to
deposit around ₹36 crore for illegal mining, royalty for the excess mined sand
and the environmental damage caused by it.
This is the highest ever penalty imposed on individuals indulging in illegal mining
of sand from riverbed in Odisha.
102. B Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
organised an in-store export promotion programme in Dubai, UAE for Manipur’s
pineapples.
The ‘in-store promotion show’ of organic and fibre-rich Kwe variety of
pineapples from Manipur, was organized Dubai in association with Manipur
Organic Mission Agency (MOMA) of Government of Manipur. The programme
aims to harness the export potential of naturally grown, organic certified fresh
pineapples of North-Eastern Region (NER).
103. B The Gujarat Science Conclave of State Science & Technology (S&T) Ministers is
set to be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Science City,
Ahmedabad.
The conclave will include discussions on the theme of ‘Doubling Private Sector
investment in R&D by 2030’.
104. C Blue Energy, a start-up backed by a Singapore-based firm, unveiled India’s first
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuelled green truck near Pune.
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Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari inaugurated the
green truck facility which has an installed capacity of 10,000 trucks annually.
105. B The Union Cooperative Ministry announced the constitution of a committee for
drafting of the national cooperative policy document.
The 47-member committee will be headed by former Union Minister Suresh
Prabhu.
106. D Telangana has decided to expand Forest College and Research Institute (FCRI) in
Hyderabad into a full-fledged university.
107. B Jharkhand has become the third state after Bihar and Odisha in eastern India to
have Food Security Atlas for its rural areas.
108. C World Ozone Day or the International Day for the preservation of the Ozone
Layer is observed on the 16th of September. The theme announced by the UN
Environment Programme for International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone
Layer 2022 is ‘Global Cooperation Protecting Life on Earth’.
109. B In football, India clinched the SAFF under-17 Championship title, defeating Nepal
4-0 in the final in Colombo. India captain Vanlalpeka Guite was named the Most
Valuable Player of the Tournament, while goalkeeper Sahil won the Best
Goalkeeper awards.
110. B Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is India’s most-valuable brand in 2022 replacing
HDFC Bank, which held the number one spot since 2014, according to Kantar
BrandZ report on India’s most-valuable brands.
111. C BVR Subrahmanyam (lAS) has been appointed as the new Chairman & Managing
Director of the India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO)
112. C The Election Commission of India (ECI) has released a new digital publication
‘BLO e-Patrika’ at an event in New Delhi.
113. D The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park of Darjeeling has been recognized
as the best zoo in the country.
114. B Former Indian tennis player and Davis Cup captain Naresh Kumar passed away
recently at the age of 93.
115. D This partnership means IDFC FIRST customers will be able to recharge their
FASTags right within IDFC FIRST’s WhatsApp chatbot and complete the
transaction from within the chat thread.
116. B Federal Bank was ranked 63rd on the Best Workplaces in Asia 2022 and becomes
the only bank in India to be listed by Great Place to Work, the global authority on
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workplace culture.
117. C Delhi Police has become the first police force in the country to make collection of
forensic evidence mandatory in crimes punishable by more than six years.
118. A Lourenco, 68, was sworn in alongside Esperanca da Costa, Angola’s first female
vice president in the capital, Luanda.
119. A BSF’s first female camel riding squad will be deployed along the India-Pakistan
border in Rajasthan & Gujarat.
120. D Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan has inaugurated Ramakrishna
Mission’s ‘Awakening ‘ programme for students of classes 1 to 5.
121. B Amity University Uttar Pradesh has signed an MoU with the Indian Navy to
establish a long-term symbiotic relationship for Academic Cooperation.
122. D The Telangana government has decided to name the new integrated Secretariat
complex in Hyderabad after Babasaheb BR Ambedkar.
123. C Former President of India Ram Nath Kovind has launched the book ‘Ambedkar
and Modi – Reformer’s Ideas Performer’s Implementation’.
124. B International Equal Pay Day, celebrated on 18 September, represents the
longstanding efforts towards the achievement of equal pay for work of equal
value.
125. A The Prime Minister will release eight cheetahs brought from Namibia at the Kuno
National Park in Madhya Pradesh.
126. D The 2022 annual summit of the Shangai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Heads
of State Council will be held on September 15-16 in Samarkand. Uzbekistan took
over the chairmanship of the organization from Tajikistan on September 17,
2021.
127. A Sunil Chhetri-led Bengaluru FC beat Mumbai City FC 2-1 in the final of the 131st
edition of Durand Cup at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata.
128. D Noted Film Actor Manoj Bajpayee released a book titled Muskurate Chand
Lamhe aur Kuchh Khamoshiyan in presence of Information and Broadcasting
Secretary Apurva Chandra at a function in New Delhi. It has been authored by
Jiwesh Nandan.
129. C Union Jal Shakti Minister, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat declared Andaman and
Nicobar Islands as India’s first Swachh Sujal Pradesh.
130. D The Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, Rajeev
Chandrasekhar has launched the pre-production run of India’s first lithium cell
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manufacturing facility at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

131. D The US Agency for International Development (USAID) and UNICEF has launched
the Doordarshan and YouTube series titled ‘Door Se Namaste’ in New Delhi.
132. B Varanasi has been nominated as the first-ever Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO) Tourism and Cultural Capital during the period 2022-2023.
133. C Prominent Indian scientist & Vice Chairperson of Piramal Group Swati Piramal
has been conferred with France’s top civilian honour ‘Knight of the Legion of
Honour’.
134. D The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) of the UAE and the China
National Space Agency (CNSA) have signed an MoU to work together on the
UAE’s moon missions.
135. A Every year, the full week ending on the last Sunday of September is observed as
the International Week of the Deaf (IWD). In 2022, IWD is being observed from
September 19 to 25 September 2022.The theme of the 2022 International Week
of Deaf People is “Building Inclusive Communities for All”.
136. D NHRC chairperson justice (retd) Arun Kumar Mishra has been elected as a
member of the Governance Committee of the Asia Pacific Forum (APF). He has
also been elected as a member of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights
Institutions (GANHRI) Bureau at the 27th Annual General Meeting of the APF.
137. D The rotational presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has been
handed over to India in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Delhi will hold the presidency of
the grouping for a year until September 2023.
138. D The Indian Air Force is set to retire its Srinagar-based MiG-21 squadron ‘Sword
Arms’ that Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman.
139. D Andaman Nicobar Islands becomes India’s first state/UT to achieve a cent
percent coverage of precautionary dose.
140. D In Manipur, a web portal to receive complaints and grievances from the general
public was launched by Chief Minister N. Biren Singh at Imphal.
141. A Union Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh will lead a joint ministerial
delegation to the US to participate in the Global Clean Energy Action Forum.
142. A Google Cloud has announced it has launched the first cohort of its computing
foundations with Kubernetes course in collaboration with FutureSkills Prime, an
IT Ministry and Nasscom digital skilling initiative.
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143. D India ranked fourth on Global Crypto Adoption Index 2022. A Chainalysis Global
Crypto Adoption report 2022 has released that for the second consecutive year.
144. D The Bihar government has decided to introduce a ‘no-bag day’ rule in schools
along with a mandatory games period at least once a week in order to lighten
the load on students.
145. A Maharashtra CM Eknath Shinde has given in-principle nod to a proposal to set
up an institution on the lines of NITI Aayog.
146. A Bajrang Punia won the bronze medal in the men’s 65kg category at the World
Wrestling Championships in Belgrade.
147. D Indian javelin thrower and Paralympics gold medalist Devendra Jhajharia
clinched a silver medal in the World Para Athletics Grand Prix, in Morocco.
148. B Indian Navy decommissions INS Ajay after 32 years of glorious service The
ceremony was conducted at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai in the traditional manner.
149. C Indian Army activated satellite broadband-based internet service on the world’s
highest battlefield, Siachen Glacier, located in Karakoram Mountain.
150. B Gujarati film “Chhello Show”, a coming-of-age drama about a young boy’s love
affair with cinema in a village in Saurashtra, is India’s official entry for the 95th
Academy Awards or Oscar awards, the Film Federation of India (FFI) announced.
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Practice Test – 02
General Studies
1. Which of the following Acts for the first time created a functioning Legislature
Council in India?
(a) Charter Act of 1793
(b) Charter Act of 1813
(c) Charter Act of 1853
(d) Charter Act of 1833
2. Which Act provisioned competitive exam system for Civil Services?
(a) 1833
(b) 1853
(c) 1858
(d) 1882
3. Under which Act, Board of control was established?
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Settlement Act, 1781
(c) Charter Act, 1813
(d) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
4. British East India Company lost the monopoly of Tea trade by
(a) The Charter Act of 1793
(b) The Charter Act of 1813
(c) The Charter Act of 1833
(d) The Charter Act of 1853
5. By which Act British Govt. abolished the monopoly of East India Company on
trading of sugar and China?
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(c) Charter Act, 1813
(d) Charter Act, 1833
6. Which of the following Acts transferred the Government of India from East India
Company to the Crown?
(a) Charter Act, 1833
(b) Charter Act, 1853
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(c) The Government of India Act, 1858

(d) Indian Council Act, 1861
7. Which one of the following Acts of British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority
over his executive council by substituting ‘portfolio’ or departmental system for
corporate functioning?
(a) Indian Council Act, 1861
(b) Government of India Act, 1858
(c) Indian Council Act, 1892
(d) Indian Council Act, 1909
8. Which one of the following Acts empowered the Governor General of India to issue
Ordinances?
(a) Charter Act of 1833
(b) Indian Council Act of 1861
(c) Indian Council Act of 1892
(d) Indian Council Act of 1909
9. In the Federation established by The Government of India Act of 1935, residuary
powers were given to the
(a) Federal Legislature
(b) Governor General
(c) Provincial Legislature
(d) Provincial Governors
10. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Theosophical Society – Annie Besant
(b) Ram Krishna Mission – Ram Krishna Paramhansa
(c) Brahmo Samaj – Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Arya Samaj – Dayanand Saraswati
11. ‘Servants of India Society’ was founded by
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
12. M.C. Setalvad, B.N. Rao and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer were distinguished members
of the
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(a) Swaraj Party

(b) All India National Liberal Federation
(c) Madras Labour Union
(d) Servants of India Society
13. Who put the demand of right to enter into the temples that caused a terrible riot in
Tirunevali in 1899?
(a) Okalinga
(b) Nadars
(c) Mahar
(d) Pali
14. The women’s movement in India started largely under inspiration of
(a) Padmabai Ranaday
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Jyotiba Phule
15. Who among the following social reformers was known for proficiency in the
Sanskrit language?
(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) All of the above
16. Which of the following statement is not correct?
(a) Dr. Annie Besant was a Theosophist
(b) The International headquarter of Theosophical society is in Madras
(c) Swami Dayanand founded Arya Samaj
(d) Mahatma Gandhi was born in Gandhinagar
17. ‘Dar-ul-Ulum’ was established by
(a) Maulana Shibli Numani
(b) Maulavi Hussain Ahmad
(c) Maulavi Abdullah Chakralavi
(d) Maulana Ahmad Riza Khan
18. ‘Hali System’ concerned
(a) Bonded labour
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(b) Exploitation of peasants

(c) Untouchability
(d) Illiteracy
19. The Tarkeshwar Movement of 1924 in Bengal was against
(a) Corruption in temples
(b) Violence
(c) Arrest of political leaders
(d) Communalism
20. Arrange the following in a chronological order.
1. Tulsidas
2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
3. Swami Vivekananda
4. Dayanand Saraswati Code
(a) 1234
(b) 1243
(c) 2134
(d) 2341
21. Who was the founder of the Indian Association?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) A.O. Hume
(d) Surendra Nath Banerjee
22. The first Political Organization established in India in 1838 was known as
(a) British India Society
(b) Bengal British India Society
(c) Settlers Association
(d) Zamindari Association
23. Which one of the following submitted in 1875 a petition to the House of Commons
demanding India’s direct representation in the British Parliament?
(a) The Deccan Association
(b) The Indian Association
(c) The Madras Mahajan Sabha
(d) The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
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24. Which among the following year Surendra Nath Banerjee was eliminated from
Indian Civil Services?
(a) 1874 A.D.
(b) 1877 A.D.
(c) 1885 A.D.
(d) 1892 A.D.
25. Who was the first Indian to resist the political reforms?
(a) Dadabhai Naoroji
(b) Surendra Nath
(c) Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
26. Name the organization formed by Surendra Nath Banerjee which merged with the
Indian National Congress in 1886.
(a) East India Association
(b) London India Society
(c) Indian Association
(d) Indian National Conference
27. The Madras Mahajan Sabha was established in the year.
(a) 1884
(b) 1881
(c) 1882
(d) 1883
28. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below
the lists. List-I (Organizations)
(a) Landholders’ Society
(b) British India Society
(c) Indian Society
(d) Indian Association List-II (Founders)
1. S.N. Banerjee
1. Anand Mohan Bose
3. William Adams
4. Dwarkanath Tagore Code
(a) (b) (c) (d)
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(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 1 2 3
29. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Asiatic Society of Bengal – 1784 A.D.
(b) Asiatic Society of Bombay – 1804 A.D.
(c) Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain – 1823 A.D.
(d) Landholders Society of Bengal – 1844 A.D.
30. The founder of the Indian National Congress was a
(a) Civil Servant
(b) Scientist
(c) Social Worker
(d) Commander
31. The precursor of Indian National Congress was
(a) British Indian Association
(b) Indian Association
(c) Indian National Union
(d) Indian League
31. The second session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by
(a) Ganesh Agarkar
(b) Surendra Nath Banerjee
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji
(d) Feroz Shah Mehta
33. The first European to be elected as President of the Indian National Congress was
(a) A.O. Hume
(b) George Yule
(c) Alfred Webb
(d) Annie Besant
34. Who among the following was never elected as a President of the ‘Indian National
Congress’?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Annie Besant
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(c) Motilal Nehru

(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
35. Who among the following was never concerned with Indian National Congress?
(a) Firoz Shah Mehta
(b) Hakim Ajmal Khan
(c) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(d) Sir Syed Ahmad
36. Who among the following became President of Indian National Congress?
(a) Sucheta Kriplani
(b) Aruna Asaf Ali
(c) Annie Besant
(d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
37. Who among the following was the youngest person to become the President of the
Indian National Congress?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Anand Mohan Bose
(d) Bhupendra Nath Bose
38. Megaliths have been identified as
(a) Caves for hermits
(b) Burial sites
(c) Temple sites
(d) None of the above
39. In India, from which rock-shelter, pictures has been found the most?
(a) Ghagharia
(b) Bhimbetka
(c) Lekhahia
(d) Adamgarh
40. Indus Civilization existed in
(a) Pre-historical age
(b) Early historical age
(c) Historical age
(d) Later historical age
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41. Which of the following is related to Harappa civilization?

(a) Sumerian civilization
(b) Indus Valley civilization
(c) Vedic civilization
(d) Mesopotamian civilization
41. Which of the following throw light on Harappan culture?
(a) Inscription
(b) Archaeological excavations
(c) Handwriting seals on the utensils
(d) Religious books
43. Which of the following Buddhist sacred place is situated on the bank of river
Niranjana?
(a) Bodh Gaya
(b) Kushinagar
(c) Lumbini
(d) Rishipatan
44. The first human statue worshipped in India were those of
(a) Brahma
(b) Vishnu
(c) Buddha
(d) Shiva
45. The standing statue of Gautam Buddha was built in which period?
(a) Gupta Period
(b) Kushana Period
(c) Maurya Period
(d) Guptotar Period
46. The largest and the most evolved rock-cut Chaitya hall of the Hinayana phase is
situated at
(a) Pitalkhora
(b) Junnar
(c) Karle
(d) Bedsa
47. In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was also known as
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(a) Vajrapani
(b) Manjusri
(c) Padmapani
(d) Maitreya
48. The Doctrine of void (Shunyata) was propounded by the Buddhist philosopher
(a) Nagarjuna
(b) Nagasena
(c) Ananda
(d) Ashvaghosha
49. Deimachus came to India during the reign of
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Bindusara
(c) Ashoka
(d) Kanishka
50. What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
(a) Five years
(b) During the pleasure of the President
(c) Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
(d) Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
51. The Election Commissioner can be removed by the
(a) Chief Election Commissioner
(b) Prime Minister
(c) President on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner
(d) Chief Justice of India
51. The Dinesh Goswami Committee was concerned with
(a) De-nationalisation of banks
(b) Electoral reforms
(c) Steps to put down insurgency in the North-East
(d) The problem of the Chakmas
53. The Election Commission was converted into a ‘Three members Commission’ in the
following year.
(a) 1987
(b) 1988
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(c) 1989
(d) 1990
54. The system of proportional representation as an electoral mechanism ensures
(a) Majority rule
(b) Stability in Government
(c) Common political thinking
(d) Representation of minorities
55. Which one of the following is the ‘National Voters Day’?
(a) 5th June
(b) 1st November
(c) 25th January
(d) 8th March
56. The President’s power to veto a Bill for amendment of the Constitution has been
taken away by substituting the world ‘shall give his assent’ by which amendment?
(a) 44th Amendment
(b) 23rd Amendment
(c) 24th Amendment
(d) 42nd Amendment
57. In the event of the Upper House rejecting a Constitutional Amendment Bill passed
by the Lower House.
(a) The Bill will have to be dropped
(b) A joint sitting of the both Houses of Parliament may be convened to consider
and pass the Bill
(c) The Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses of the
Parliament if the Lok Sabha passes it again by a two-third majority
(d) The Bill shall be deemed to have been passed by both the Houses of the
Parliament despite the disapproval of the Bill by the Upper House
58. When was the first Bill for the amendment of the Indian Constitution presented?
(a) 1950
(b) 1951
(c) 1955
(d) 1958
59. The Ninth Schedule to the Indian Constitution was added by
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(a) First Amendment

(b) Eighth Amendment
(c) Ninth Amendment
(d) Forty Second Amendment
60. By which Constitutional Amendment OBCs have been given 27% reservation in the
admission to educational institutions?
(a) 92nd
(b) 93rd
(c) 94th
(d) 96th
61. Which of the following has banned floor crossing by the member elected on a party
ticket to the legislature?
(a) 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act
(b) Representation of Public Law
(c) 42nd Constitutional Amendment
(d) 44th Constitutional Amendment
61. In which of the following cases the Supreme Court limited the power of Parliament
to amend the Constitution for the first time?
(a) A.K. Gopalan Vs. The State of Madras
(b) Golaknath Vs. The State of Punjab
(c) Keshavanand Bharti Vs. The State of Kerala
(d) Minerva Mills Vs. The Union of India
63. 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2012 is concerned with
(a) Free and compulsory education for children upto the age of 14 years
(b) Organization and working of co-operative societies
(c) Stringent measures to deal with terrorism
(d) Provision of Lokpal to prevent corruption
64. Mizoram has been granted the status of a State by which of the following
Constitutional Amendment?
(a) 53rd
(b) 54th
(c) 55th
(d) 52nd
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65. In Panchayati Raj System, the Panchayat Samiti is constituted at the

(a) Village level
(b) Block level
(c) District level
(d) State level
66. The members of the Panchayat Samiti are
(a) Nominated by the Block Development Officer
(b) Nominated by the Chairman of Zila Panchayat
(c) Directly elected by the people
(d) Indirectly elected by the members of the Village Panchayat
67. Arrange the following committees on Panchayati Raj in chronological sequence and
select the correct answer from the code given below.
1. G.V.K. Rao Committee
2. L.M. Singhvi Committee
3. B.R. Mehta Committee
4. Ashok Mehta Committee Code
(a) 2, 3, 1 and 4
(b) 1, 3, 4 and 2
(c) 3, 4, 1 and 2
(d) 4, 3, 2 and 1
68. Which one of the following institutions will lay down the basic principles for the
distribution of the net proceeds of the taxes between the Union and States?
(a) Planning Commission
(b) National Development Council
(c) Finance Commission
(d) Union Ministry of Finance
69. Which one of the following authorities recommends the principles governing the
grants-inaid of the revenues to the States out of the Consolidated Fund of India?
(a) Finance Commission
(b) Inter-State Council
(c) Union Ministry of Finance
(d) Public Accounts Committee
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70. Finance are distributed between the Centre and the State on the recommendations
of which of the following?
(a) Planning Commission
(b) Public Accounts Committee
(c) Finance Commission
(d) National Development Council
71. Generally, in India Finance Commission is appointed for every five years
(a) To determine the financial position of the States
(b) To determine the financial position of Central Government
(c) To determine the financial resources of Central Government
(d) To determine the share of the States in the grants and revenues of the Central
Government
71. Main agency to resolve the fiscal disputes between the Centre and States is
(a) Supreme Court
(b) Law Minister
(c) Finance Minister
(d) Finance Commission
73. Which one of the following statements about a State Finance Commission is true?
(a) It is an informal body
(b) It is a Constitutional body
(c) It is an Administrative body
(d) None of the above
74. The Finance Commission consists of a Chairman and
(a) Seven other members
(b) Five other members
(c) Four other members
(d) Such other members as may be decided by the President from time-to-time
75. National Development Council is primarily related to
(a) Approval of five year plans
(b) Execution of village development plans
(c) Formation of development plans
(d) The financial relation between States and Union
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76. Who recommended to end Indian Administrative Services and Indian Police
Services?
(a) Dhebar Commission
(b) Kelkar Commission
(c) Kher Commission
(d) Rajamannar Commission
77. Name the committee which has investigated and submitted the report on the nexus
of politicians and criminals?
(a) Gyanprakash Committee
(b) Vohra Committee
(c) Goswami Committee
(d) Rajamannar Committee
78. Who is not a member of the committee for the appointment of Chairperson and
members of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) Speaker of the House of People
(b) Chairman of the Council of States
(c) Leader of opposition in the House of People
(d) Leader of opposition in the Council of States
79. Which one of the following is correct? Union Public Service Commission is a
(a) Regulatory Organization
(b) Legal Organization
(c) Established by Parliamentary Ordinance
(d) Constitutional Organization
80. The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is
(a) Sheela Dixit
(b) Roze Bethew
(c) Veena Majumdar
(d) Margret Alwa
81. Which of the following Commissions/Committees has recommended the creation of
a Local Body Ombudsman?
(a) First Administrative Reforms Commission
(b) Second Administrative Reforms Commission
(c) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
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(d) Ashok Mehta Committee

81. The first Lokpal Bill was presented in the Parliament in
(a) 1967
(b) 1971
(c) 1968
(d) 1972
83. Who among the following is empowered to establish the interstate council?
(a) Parliament
(b) President
(c) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(d) Prime Minister
84. The regional councils are constituted by
(a) Constitution
(b) Parliamentary Laws
(c) Resolution of Government
(d) National Development Council
85. What is the source of inter-state councils?
(a) Constitution
(b) Parliamentary laws
(c) Recommendation of Planning Commission
(d) Approved Resolution by C.M.
86. The distribution of legislative powers between the Centre and the States in the
Constitution is given in
(a) Sixth Schedule
(b) Seventh Schedule
(c) Eighth Schedule
(d) Ninth Schedule
87. Match the following.
List-I
(a) Habeas Corpus
(b) Mandamus
(c) Prohibition
(d) Certiorary
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(e) Quo-Warranto
List-II
1. Be more fully informed
2. By which authority
3. We command
4. Let us have the body
5. Writ to Subordinate Courts Code
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d)
(a) 2 4 5 3 1
(b) 4 3 5 2 1
(c) 4 3 5 1 2
(d) 4 5 3 1 2
88. The mobile court in India is the brain child of
(a) Justice Bhagwati
(b) Mr. Rajeev Gandhi
(c) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(d) Mrs. Pratibha Patil
89. A High Court Judge addresses his letter of resignation to
(a) The President
(b) The Chief Justice of India
(c) The Chief Justice of his High Court
(d) The Governor of the State
90. Under Preventive Detention, a person can be detained without trial for
(a) One month
(b) Three months
(c) Six months
(d) Nine months
91. In which Continent is the Atlas Mountain situated?
(a) Asia
(b) Africa
(c) Australia
(d) Europe
91. Drakensberg is a mountain of
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(a) Botswana
(b) Namibia
(c) South Africa
(d) Zambia
93. Which of the following mountains is located in Italy?
(a) Apennine
(b) Pyrenees
(c) Dimaric Alps
(d) Zura
94. The Mountain creating the boundary between France and Spain is
(a) Apennines
(b) Alps
(c) Zura
(d) Pyrenees
95. Mount Titlis is in
(a) Germany
(b) France
(c) Switzerland
(d) U.S.A.
96. Which of the following is a Basic landform?
(a) Volcanic cone
(b) Residual mountain
(c) Monadnock
(d) Erosional waterfall
97. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below
the lists. List-I (Mountain)
(a) Allegheny
(b) Cantabrian
(c) Elburz
(d) Mackenzie
List-II (Country)
1. Canada
2. Iran
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3. Spain
4. U.S.A. Code
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 4 1 3 2
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 1 4 2 3
98. Which of the following is correctly matched?
(a) Campos – Northern Brazil
(b) Llanos – Venezuela
(c) Pampas – Chile
(d) Selvas – Southern Brazil
99. In which one of the following countries are Pampas Grasslands located?
(a) Paraguay
(b) Bolivia
(c) Argentina
(d) Uruguay
100. Which of the following is not a temperate grassland?
(a) Pampas
(b) Veld
(c) Downs
(d) Savanna
101. El-Nino develops in the
(a) Pacific Ocean
(b) Indian Ocean
(c) Mediterranean Ocean
(d) Atlantic Ocean
101. Match the correctly.
List-I
(a) The hottest
(b) The coldest
(c) The wettest
(d) The driest
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List-II
1. Chile
2. Cherrapunji
3. Antarctica
4. Sahara Code
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 3 2 4 1
103. Capillaries are most effective in
(a) Clayey soil
(b) Silt soil
(c) Sandy soil
(d) Loamy soil
104. Soil leaching is a major problem
(a) In tropical rainforests
(b) In African savanna
(c) In mediterranean regions
(d) In Australian Dawns
105. Conservation of soil is the process in which
(a) Barren land is converted into fertile
(b) Soil is aerated
(c) Soil is eroded
(d) Soil is conserved from harm
106. Consider the following relief features.
1. Mahadev Range
2. Maikal Range
3. Chhotanagpur Plateau
4. Khasi Hills The correct West to Eastward sequence of the above relief
features is
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 4, 3, 2, 1
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(c) 2, 3, 4, 1
(d) 1, 3, 2, 4
107. Himalayan peak Kanchenjunga is situated at
(a) Kashmir
(b) Nepal
(c) Sikkim
(d) Both (b) and (c)
108. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Shipki La – Himachal Pradesh
(b) Lipu Lekh – Uttar Pradesh
(c) Nathu La – Sikkim
(d) Jozila – Kashmir
109. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Bomdi-la Pass – Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Nathu-la Pass – Sikkim
(c) Bhorghat Pass – Himachal Pradesh
(d) Palghat – Kerala
110. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Chang La – Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Rohtang – Himachal Pradesh
(c) Bomdi La – Arunachal Pradesh
(d) Se La – Uttarakhand
111. Nathu La Pass is situated in which state?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Assam
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Sikkim
111. Which of the following Passes lead to Leh?
(a) Zozila
(b) Shipki La
(c) Chumbi Valley
(d) Banihal
113. Mana Pass is located in
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(a) Uttar Pradesh

(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Himachal Pradesh
114. Rohtang Pass is located in
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Sikkim
(d) Uttarakhand
115. Which amongst the following is the largest glacier?
(a) Sasaini
(b) Gangotri
(c) Zemu
(d) Siachin
116. Which one of the following glaciers is located in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand?
(a) Hispar
(b) Zemu
(c) Milam
(d) Rupal
117. Meghalaya plateau is the part of
(a) Himalayan Range
(b) Peninsular Plateau
(c) Mountains of Eastern Ghats
(d) Satpura Range
118. Which dam has been constructed on the Chambal river?
(a) Indira Sagar
(b) Sardar Sarovar
(c) Gandhi Sagar
(d) Bhakra Da
119. Tehri Dam is being constructed in Uttarakhand
(a) on Bhagirathi river
(b) on Ramganga river
(c) on Alaknanda river
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(d) on Bhilangana river

120. Tilaiya Dam is constructed on river
(a) Damodar
(b) Barakar
(c) Konar
(d) Usri
121. The ‘Blue Revolution’ is associated with
(a) Agriculture
(b) Iron and Steel Industry
(c) Irrigation
(d) Fishing
121. Which of the following is not correctly matched? Revolution Related to
(a) Golden – Horticulture
(b) White – Milk
(c) Blue – Poultry
(d) Green – Agriculture
123. The important metal used with iron to produce stainless steel is
(a) Aluminium
(b) Chromium
(c) Tin
(d) Carbon
124. TISCO plant is located near
(a) Patna
(b) Darbhanga
(c) Dhanbad
(d) Tatanagar
125. Which of the following is landbounded river?
(a) Tapti
(b) Krishna
(c) Luni
(d) Narmada
126. River Tel is a tributary of which of the following rivers?
(a) Bagmati
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(b) Ghaghara
(c) Gandak
(d) None of these
127. The longest peninsular river of India is
(a) Narmada
(b) Godavari
(c) Mahanadi
(d) Krishna
128. Which river forms its delta in Odisha?
(a) Godavari
(b) Mahanadi
(c) Narmada
(d) Tapti
129. What is the rank of India in the world in terms of rice export?
(a) 2nd
(b) 3rd
(c) 4th
(d) 5th
130. Where is the National Academy of Agricultural Research Management located?
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Dehradun
(c) New Delhi
(d) none of these
131. Where is the headquarter of Food and Agriculture Organization located?
(a) Rome
(b) Geneva
(c) Paris
(d) none of these
132. In which year Kisan Credit Card Scheme was launched?
(a) 1990
(b) 1950
(c) 1998
(d) 2000
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133. Business comes under?

(a) Trade and Industry
(b) only trade
(c) Commerce and Industry
(d) trade, commerce and industry
134. When was the first agricultural census conducted?
(a) 1948
(b) 1990
(c) 1976
(d) 1970
135. When was the Operation Flood program started?
(a) 1995
(b) 1998
(c) 1945
(d) 1970
136. What is the rank of India in the world in fish production?
(a) 2nd
(b) 3rd
(c) 4th
(d) 5th
137. In which year were the Regional Rural Banks established?
(a) 1985
(b) 1975
(c) 1990
(d) 2011
138. Which city has been called the financial capital of India?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Delhi
(c) Patna
(d) Bangalore
139. For which Diode is used ?
(a) Modulation
(b) Oscillation
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(c) Amplification
(d) Purification
140. On which of the following techniques photostat machine works ?
(a) Magnetic Image-Making
(b) Thermal Image-Making
(c) Electrostatic Image-Making
(d) Electromagnetic Image—-Making
141. The splitting of different colours of light in a prism is :
(a) Reflection of light
(b) Dispersion of light
(c) Diffraction of light
(d) Refraction of light
142. Surface tension in a liquid is due to :
(a) Adhesive force between molecules
(b) Cohesive force between molecules
(c) Gravitational force between molecules
(d) Electrical force between molecules
143. The instrument used for measuring air pressure is called:
(a) Barometer
(b) Anemometer
(c) Hygrometer
(d) Thermometer
144. Pycnometer is an instrument used to measure the
(a) Density
(b) Intensity of solar radiation
(c) Intensity of earthquake
(d) high temperatures
145. Which layer of the earth’s atmosphere reflect back the radio waves to the earth’s
surface ?
(a) Ionosphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Exosphere
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146. Mud houses are cooler in summers and warmer in winters as compared to brick
houses because
(a) Mud is a good conductor
(b) Mud is a bad conductor
(c) Mud is a poor insulator
(d) Evaporation of water causes cooling in summers and sunlight coming
through holes causes warming in winters
147. What is the chemical name for ‘baking soda’?
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium bicarbonate
(c) Sodium nitrite
(d) Sodium nitrate
148. Which of the following gases is present under pressure in soft drinks?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Nitrous oxide
149. What is USB?
(a) Ultimate Service Bit
(b) Universal Sent-Bit
(c) Universal Serial Bus
(d) Urgent Sent Bit
150. Science dealing with study of soil is called:
(a) Pedology
(b) Pedagogy
(c) Ecology
(d) Pomology
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Practice Paper - 02
General Studies
Answer Key
Q. No. Ans. Q. No. Ans. Q. No. Ans. Q. No. Ans. Q. No. Ans.
1. C 31. B 61. A 91. B 121. D
2. B 32. C 62. B 92. C 122. C
3. D 33. B 63. B 93. A 123. B
4. C 34. D 64. A 94. D 124. D
5. D 35. D 65. B 95. C 125. C
6. C 36. C 66. C 96. A 126. D
7. A 37. B 67. C 97. A 127. B
8. B 38. B 68. C 98. B 128. B
9. B 39. B 69. A 99. C 129. A
10. B 40. B 70. C 100. D 130. A
11. B 41. B 71. D 101. A 131. A
12. D 42. B 72. D 102. B 132. C
13. B 43. A 73. B 103. A 133. D
14. D 44. C 74. C 104. A 134. D
15. D 45. B 75. A 105. D 135. D
16. D 46. C 76. D 106. A 136. B
17. B 47. C 77. B 107. D 137. B
18. A 48. A 78. B 108. B 138. A
19. A 49. B 79. D 109. C 139. D
20. B 50. C 80. B 110. D 140. C
21. D 51. C 81. A 111. D 141. B
22. D 52. B 82. C 112. A 142. B
23. D 53. C 83. B 113. B 143. A
24. A 54. D 84. B 114. A 144. A
25. B 55. C 85. A 115. A 145. A
26. D 56. A 86. B 116. C 146. B
27. A 57. A 87. C 117. B 147. B
28. A 58. B 88. C 118. C 148. C
29. D 59. A 89. A 119. A 149. C
30. A 60. B 90. B 120. B 150. A
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581
References-
1. Newspaper (English)-
a. The Hindu
b. The Times of India
2. Newspaper (Hindi)-
a. Hindustan
3. Magazine-
a. Frontline
b. India Today
4. www.wikipedia.com
5. www.indiabudget.nic.in
6. www.economictimes.indiatimes.com
7. Judgments Information system (www.judis.nic.in)
8. Press Information Bureau (www.pib.nic.in)
Ph.: 011- 27374216, 27655845, 27654216, 9811195920, 9811197581

Current Affair Sep2022

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Current Affair Sep2022

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For Internal Circulation Only Not for Sale Current Affairs Sep 2022

Current Affairs September 2022

1. CAPF- Central Armed Police Forces

General News: India

ourselves to establishments with 10 or more workers. About 12 % of the establishments

 The Ministers highlighted their commitment to a common strategic goal of achieving a

Key features include:

General News: World

1. World Coconut Day- 02nd September

Implementation of the Montreal Protocol

3. 75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow:

edition of Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) at Visakhapatnam in Oct

S. Categories No. of Value of Award

Second Award: Rs.3,00,000 lakh (for

Rs. 1,50,000/- to each Programme

Legal and Indian Polity

experience which includes involvement in health, education, or welfare activities for

1. Puli Thevar was a Tamil Palaiyakkarar who ruled Nerkattumseval, situated in

Radhakrishnan's philosophy was grounded in Advaita Vedanta, reinterpreting this tradition

In September 2019, Chauhan was appointed as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief

# Attorney General Term Start Term End Term Prime

1. NTPC Limited continues to demonstrate excellence in operations with an increasing trend in

Science & Technology

1. India’s first indigenously developed vaccine, “CERVAVAC”:

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total

 opportunity to improve football standards for women in India

Landmark achievement in further reduction of child mortality rates

In a significant milestone, India has achieved landmark achievement in further reduction of

INDICATOR SRS 2014 SRS 2019 SRS 2020

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) 21.0 19.7 19.5

Total Fertility Rate 2.3 2.1 2.0

Early Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR) –

Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) 26 22 20

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 39 30 28

Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) 45 35 32

 As per SRS 2020 Report,

Human Development Report (HDR)

First back-to-back decline in three decades

COVID-19 is ‘a window into a new reality’

We’re living through a new ‘uncertainty complex’

There is opportunity in uncertainty

We can chart a new course

Human Development Index (HDI)

Top 25 HDI Rankings

21 United States 0.921

The bottom 5 countries were:

Bottom 5 HDI Rankings

Global Innovation Index (GII) 2022

 Technology adoption, in turn, is progressing, with growth across a variety of

Results of the Global Innovation Index 2022 rankings

4. Several developing economies are performing above expectation on innovation relative to

National Health Accounts (NHA) Estimates for India for 2018-19

Figure : Government Health Expenditure as % of GDP

Due to several such steps, consequently, out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) as percentage of

Table 1: Trends in broad health financing and macroeconomic indicators

About National Health Account (NHA) estimates:

 Unlike a violent revolution, which could be waged by a minority of committed cadres

Ideologies and impact

 Non-violence: The consensus on the practice of non-violence during the national

 Decentralisation and grassroots representation: His ideas on representative democracy

 Social empowerment of marginalised communities: Gandhian ideals were reflected in the

Globalization and Deglobalisation

Translate the following given Passage from English to Hindi