elak

bNit
elak
elak
elak

gin qay
Xun laghak;
Kg; Ka
CU CyFiriT
ehog rtna

1> k]tm

2> k]tm

3> k]tm
4> elak

5> elak

6> elak

7> elak
8> elak

9> elak

10> elak

11> elak

12> elakRsI

13> elak
14> elak

15> elak

Gkeroberog
naykdandMNaMRsUv
naykdandMNaMRsUv
naykdandMNaMRsUv
naykdandMNaMRsUv
naykdandMNaMRsUv

Gkpl;eyabl;EksRmYl

etg eLA
Giut NUDI
sU xnbTIKuN
Eb:n vuF
m:ak; esOn
CYg supl
GIuv PIruN
TI can;Na
suxPun suPk
sy esg
luy BisIriT
Ban suxa
BU suvN
nin criya
pan TUc

RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT

RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT

GKnaykdanksikm

GKnaykdanksikm

naykdanpSBVpSayksikm

saklviTalyPUminksikm
naykdandMNaMRsUv

viTasanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<Ca
salaCatiksikmERBkelob

Ggkar FAO

Ggkar Oxfam

Ggkaresdak
GgkarERsExr

KeRmag CAVAC

rcnaRkahVic naykdanpSBVpSayksikm

16> tMNagmnrI ksikmextcn

M n
Y 13 RBEvg sVayerog taEkv kMBt kMBg;sW<

kMBg;qaMg eBaFisat; )at;dMbg bnaymanCy esomrab kMBg;FM kMBg;cam

nigextkNal .

]btmkare)aHBum<elIkTI1 cMnYn 20000 c,ab;

edayKeRmag CAVAC Exmifuna qaM2011

Garmkfa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>01
esckIepIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>03

EpkTI1 sBaaNTUeTAndMNaMRsUv

I.

brisan ndMNaMRsUv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>05

1>1 sItuNPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>05

1>2 BnW>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>05

1>3 sarFatuciBawm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>06
1>4 Twk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>06

II.

ekSRtbrisandMNaMRsUvenAkm<Ca>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>07
2>1
2>
1 ekSRtbrisanx<g;rab>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>07
ab
2>2
2
>2 ekSRtbrisa nTMnabGaRsyTwkePg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>07
g
2>3
2>
3ekSRtbrisanTwkeRCA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>08
eRCA
2>4 ekSRtbrisa nERsR)aMg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>08

cMNat;fak;rbs;RsUv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>09
IV. dMNak;kallUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRsUv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
III.

4>1 vKlUtlas; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

4>2 vKbegItpl >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>11

4>3 vKTMu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12

EpkTI2 bgMbeckeTsRbBlvb,kmdMNaMRsUv

kareRbIR)as;BUC nigRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14
1>1 kareFVIdMNuHsak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

1>2 kareRCIsykRKab;eBjeTAsab>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

karsabRKab;BUC >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18
III> karerobcMdIERs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20
IV> kareRbIR)as;sMNab>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>21
V> viFIsaRsdaMduH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23
II>

5>1 karsg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23

VI>

5>2 kardaM beRBaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

karRKb;RKgCICatidI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28
6>1 cMNat;fak;dIsRmab;dMNaMRsUvenARbeTskm<Ca>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28
6>2 kareRbIR)as;CI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>30

karRKb;RKgTwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34
VIII> karRKb;RKgsmasPaBcRg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36
VII>

8>1> esAcRg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>37

8>2> CMgWelIdMNaMRsUv >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39

8>3 stVkgRbBnbrisandMNaMRsUv >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51
k> RbePTstVcRgsMxan; nigviFankarkmat; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>51

IX>

x> stVmanRbeyaCn_sx
M an;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>61

karRbmUlpl nigkarTukdak; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>70

3
ii

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Y b:eu NaHeT EtKWCadMNaM
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a RsUvminRtwmEtCarukC
atisamBamy

es,gy:agsMxan; Cavb,Fm sasna nigneya)ay. bItk

i PNC
asMNg;

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tMbn;Ggr )anbBaak;ya:gc,as;fa karQaneT,Igdl;kB
M l
U
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i nigneya)aynasmyenaH. rhUtmkdl;bcb
,n

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i k
m<C
a

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eRcInelIslb; RbkbrbreFVIERscmar .

raCrdaPi)alkm<C
a eRkamkardwknaMdq
a tv emaHmut RbkbedayKti

u Esn
bNt
i rbs; semcGKmhaesnabtIeteCa hn

)andak;ecj nigGnuvtCabnan;nvU eKalneya)ay
yuTs
aRs nigEpnkarGPivDCati edayepatelIkarelIksy
visy
ksikm

nigCnbT sMedAFanaesrPaBes,gbegt
I kargar nigbegn
I cMNl
U RbcaMRKY

sar nigFana)annUvGtierkRsUv beRmIkarnaMecjeTotpg. kalBIfTI 17 Ex

sIha qaM 2010 raCrdaPi)alkm<Ca )anRbkasdak;[GnuvtnUvksar

eKalneya)aysIBIkarCMrujplitkmRsUvnigkarnaMecjGgrkgTisedA
seRmc[)annUvplitplRsUvelIsRbmaNCag 4 lanetan

lTPaBnaMecjGgrCapvkarya:gtic1lanetanenAqaM 2015 .

nigman

edIm,Icl
U rYmcMENkCMrj
u karGnuvteKalneya)ayenH[manRbsiTP
aB

nigTTYl)aneCaKCy naykdandMNaMRsUvnGKnaykdanksikm )anerob

M eckeTsRbBlvb,kmdN
M aMRsUv } enHeT,Igtamry
cMcgRkgesovePA { bgb
karRsavRCavksar nigkardkRsg;bTBiesaFn_Edl)anGnuvtnaeBlkng

eTA kg
eKalbMNgCYyBRgwgbEnmnUvcMeNHdwgcMeNHeFVIdl;GkpSBVpSay
bgbnksikr sMedACMrujkarbegInplitkm nigplitPaBdMNaMRsUv .

esovePAenH bgajnUvbgMbeckeTssMxan; eday)anBayam

01

sresrnUvBakkaB edIm,IgayRsYlcgcaM nigykeTAGnuvt . elIsBIenH

eTotenaH

k)anelIkyk]TahrN_Cak;Esg

CUnGkGangayyl; nigcab;GarmNe_ Totpg .

nigdak;rb
U PaBedIm,Ibgaj
cmar lTPaB Tmab;

GKnaykdanksikmsm
U sMEdgnUvkardwgKuN

nigGMNrKuNy:ag

i
RCaleRCAbMpt
u cMeBaHkarENnaMcgl
bgajrbs;k]tmbNt

cn sarun

rdmnRI ksYgksikm ruka Rbmaj; nigensaT nigfak;dk

w naMTaMgGs;EdlEtg

)andak;ecjnUvckvisyEvgqayRtwmRtUv sRmab;karGPivDvisyksikm
RBmTaMgcat;taMgGnuvtkargarRbkbedayRbsiTPaB

nigPaBskisiTikg

TisedACMrj
u karGnuvtyT
u s
aRsctuekaNdMNak;kalTI2 rbs;raCrdaPi)al

[TTYl)aneCaKCy .

GKnaykdanksikm sUmEfgGMNrKuNcMeBaHral;Kn
M t
i pc
epm
I cgRkg

erobcM rbs;RkumGkniBn nigkarplm

; tiEklmTaMgGs;BIRKb;sabnBak;Bn
TaMgkarerobcMtak;Etg nigxwmsarbeckeTsedIm,ICaplRbeyaCn_dl;

exmrbuRtRKb;rb
U .

GKnaykdanksikm manesckIsgwmya:gmutmaMfaesovePAbgM

beckeTsdMNaMRsUvenH nwgpl;nUvKMnitfI@ karGnuvtlnigeKalkarN_

beckeTsCamUldansRmab;sa bnBak;Bn
nigksikrykeTAGnuvtkg
kar

elIkkm<s;plitkmRsUv[kan;EtlRbesIr kgTisedAFanasnisuxes,g
nigEkcsRmab;karnaMecjedIm,IelIksykMeNInesdkicC
ati EdleyIg

TaMgGs;KaEtg)ancat;Tukfa { GgrCamass } .

raCFanIPeM Bj fTI 15 Ex mIn

I a qaM 2011

RbtiPUraCrdaPi)alTTYlbnkCaGKnayk nGKnaykdanksikm

02

esckIepIm

RsUvCadMNaMes,gdsMxan;sRmab;RbCaCnkm<Ca. dMNaMRsUvRtUv

)andaMdHu enARbeTseyIgtaMgBICag 2000qaM mkehIy bky

rU CagenH kg

krNIRsUvcmar. rhUtmkdl; qaM 2010 enH km<C

amanpdd
I aMdHu RsUvsrub
RbmaN 2/71 lanhikta kgenaHRsUvvsSacMnYn 2/33 lanhikta

nigRsUvR)aMgcMnYn 0/38 lanhikta. enAkgRbeTskm<Ca pdIERs

TMnabBwgTwkePgmanTMhF
M C
M ageK EdlmanRbmaN 80 npdRI sUvsrub.

ksikrExrPaKeRcIn daMdHu RsUvelIERsTMnabBwgTwkePgtamTMlab;sg

edayeRbIRKab;BC
U eRcInBI 60-90 K>k elIpdm
I y
Y hikta EdleFV[
I Kat;RtUv
cMNayfvikaeRcInsRmab;TijRKab;BUC RBmTaMgkmaMgBlkmdeRcInkgkar

erobcMfa l kardksMNab nigkardwkCBan

sMNabykeTAsg
. sMNab
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5-8 edIm kg
mYyKum< EfmTaMgsg
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M mab;stVlt
i
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I m
I I nigfak
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fas
M mab;esACaedIm minTan;smRsbtambeckeTsenAeLIyEdlCaehtu

eFVI[TinplTab ehIykarGnuvtxH eFVI[b:HBal;dl;suxPaBmnusS nig

brisa neTotpg.

edayemIleXIjnUvcMNucxVHxatTaMgenH eTIbRksYgksikm ruka

i nigkarENnaM Ca
Rbmaj; nigensaT CaBiessedaymankarpc
epm
I KMnt

RbcaM rbs;k]tmbNt
i cn sarun rdmnRI ksYgksikm ruka Rbmaj; nig

ensaT )aneFVIkarsikSaRsavRCav nigcgRkgksarbeckeTssIBIRbBn

RbBlvb,kmdN
M aMRsUvtameKalkarN_FmCati ehAkat;fa b>v>s (System

of Rice Intensification) edIm,IpSBVpSaydl;ksikr[kan;EtTUlMTUlaykg

eKalbMNgbegn
I plitPaBdMNaMRsUv . elIsBIenHeTot kmansabnrd

vi s y kCn ni g Gg k armi n Emnrd a Pi ) alCaeRcI n )ansi k SaRsavRCav

03

rkeXIjnUvbTdanbeckeTslCaeRcIn kg
karbegn
I plitPaBdMNaMRsUv.

m:ageTot ksarbeckeTsplitkmdMNaMRsUvCaeRcIn RtUv)ancgRkg

edIm,IeFVIkarbNHbNal nigpSBVpSaydl;ksikr . edaysarkicxitxM

RbwgERbgrYmKaenH

eFVI[plitkmdMNaMRsUvenAkm<CamankarekIneLIgCa

lMdab; rhUtseRmc)anTinp
lmFmcMnn
Y 2/905 etankg
mYyhiktaenA
qaM 2010.

eTaHbICamankarrIkceRmInKYr[kt; smal; y:agNakeday eyagelI

karsaksYrBtmanpal;BIksikr kicRbCMubeckeTsfak;extCaeRcInelIk
nigsartIrbs;Ggsk
i a salafak;CatisB
I k
I arbUksrub

nigvaytmbeckeTs

M aMRsUvkg
GMLg
qaM 2009 )anbgajfa cMeNHdwg cMeNHeFVI
plitkmdN
rbs;ksikrPaKeRcInenAmankMrt
i Tab ehIykaryl;dg
w GMBb
I TdanbeckeTs
eTotesat

dUcCakareRCIserIsBUC

viFIsaRsdaMduH

karRKb;RKgCICatidI

karRKb;RKgTwk nigbeckeTseRkayeBlRbmUlpl enAminTan;manPaB

c,as;las; nigR)akdRbCaenAeLIy. ehtuenHehIyeTIbnaykdandMNaM
RsUvshkarCamYyGgkarGuksVam

edaymankarcUlrYmBIsabnBak;Bn

)anpcepImcgRkgesovePAbgMbeckeTsRbBlvb,kmdMNaMRsUvenHeLIg

edIm,IeFVICaksareKalsRmab;RKb;sabnEdlCaGkpl;esvakmbNH

bNal nigpSBVpSaysIBIplitkmdMNaMRsUv eRbIR)as;kgTisedAbegIn

plitPaB nigRbsiTPaBesdkicnplitkmdMNaMRsUvenAkm<CaRsbtam
ksareKalneya)aysB
I k
I arCMrj
u plitkmRsUv nigkarnaMecjGgrEdl

)anpSBVpSaykalBIfTI 17 Ex sIha qaM2010 .

04

I>

brisSanndMNaMRsUv
1>1 sItuNPaB

karsikSa)anBint
i eXIjfa sItN
u P
aBsmRsbsRmab;dN
M
aMRsUv

KWERbRbYlBI 20-35 GgSaes. sItN

u P
aBman\TB
i leTAelIdN
M Hu RKab;

km<se; dIm karEbkKum< nigryeBlnvKlt

U las;. RbsinebIst
I N
u P
aB

sitkgcenaHBI 11-13 GgSaes RKab;RsUvminGacduH)aneT. ebIsItuN

PaBsitkgcenaHBI 15-30 GgSaes el,nnkarEbkKum<ekIneLIgxaMg

I N
u P
aBekInelIsBI 38 GgSaes. dMNak;
EtvanwgfycuHvij RbsinebIst

kalkekItkYr GacBennryeBl 2-4 f RbsinebIsItuNPaBsitkg

cenaHBI 27-29 GgSaes.

cMeBaHkMedATwkvij karRsavRCav)anbgajfa sItN

u P
aBsmRsb

sRmab;dMNaMRsUv KWBI 30-34 GgSaes. RsUvGaclUtlas;)anenAkg

sItuNPaBrhUtdl; 40 GgSaes ehIyvanwgGacgab; RbsinebIsItuN

PaBTwkekIndl; 50 GgSaes.

1>2 BnW

BnW KWCaktacm,gsRmab;eFVrI ss
I eM yaKrbs;rk
u C
ati. Bnm
W anTMnak;

TMngy:agCitsiTCamYysItuNPaB ehIy\TiBlrbs;BnWeTAelIkarlUt

las;rbs;dMNaMRsUvGaRsyelIvKlUtlas; nigRbePTBUCnImYy. kar

sikSaCaeRcIn)anbgajfa ryeBlmanBnW GaMgtg;seuI t nigKuNPaBBnW

BitCaman\TiBleTAelIkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRsUv.

ryeBlpl;BnW

EdlsmRsbsRmab;dMNaMRsUv KWBI 10-11 em:agkg 1 f ehIyRbsin

ebIryeBlBnWEvgCagenH eFVI[karecjBnkkkYrRtUvGak;xan ehIyvKlUt

las;nwgRtUvbneTAeTot . cMeBaHGaMgtg;sIuetBnWman\TiBleTAelIkar

05

eFVIrsIsMeyaK nigkarRsUbyksarFatuciBawmrbs;bsRsUv. karcaM g

BnWelIedImRsUv)anl eFVI[karlUtlas;rbs;RbBnbs nigkarRsUbyk

sarFatucB
i am
w )anlRbesIr. dUecH ebIpemXxVHBnW eFV[
I Tinp
lRsUvFak;cHu
M eBkkCaktaGviCm
andl;kar
ehIypy
eTAvij RbsinebIBnRW BHGaTitekAxag

lUtlas;rbs;dN
M aMRsUv ehIykGaceFV[
I edImRsUveLIgexac nigTTYl)an
TinplTabeTotpg.

1>3> sarFatuciBawm

sarFatuciBawm mantYnaTIeFVI[dMNaMRsUvlUtlas;)anl niglUt

las;)anCaRbRktIenARKb;dMNak;kalnImYy CaBiessenAkgvKbegIt
pl. sarFatuciBawmsMxan;sRmab;dMNaMRsUv rYmmancMnYn 16 KW N, P,

K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cl, C, B, Cu, Mo, H, O

. kgcMeNamsarFatuciBawmTaMg

i am
w TaMgenH
16 muxenH dMNaMRsUvRtUvkar N, P, K eRcInCageK ehIysarFatucB

manlk;enATIpSarkg
TRmg;CaCIKm
I I nigmankg
CIFmCati . kareRbIR)as;sar

eFV[I brimaNkrh
U: l
IV kg
sk
w ekIneLIg

FatuGasUt N

sk
w lUtlas;lb
egn
I

cMnn
Y edImEbk eFV[
I BnkkkYrrIkFM kYrmanEsgeRcIn nigRKab;eRcIn. cMENk

P CYy[RbBnbslUtlas;)anl nigeFVI
[RsUvEbkKum<eRcIn. cMeBaHsarFatub:Utasm K vij CYy[RsUvEbkKum<
kareRbIR)as;sarFatupUsVr

eRcIn Fn;nwgCMgW Fn;nwgPaBraMgst nigbegInTmn;RKab; .

1>4> Twk

dMNaMRsUvRtUvkarTwkCacaM)ac;sRmab;karlUtlas; nigbegt
I pleRBaH

Twk CaGksRmYlkarbBansarFatuciBawmBIkgdIeTAdl;swk ehIyvaCaGk

dwknaMsarFatuEdlswksMeyaK)aneTAEpkepSgnrukCati. sMeNImdI
smRsbbMputsRmab;dMNaMRsUvkgdMNak;kalEbkKum<KW

BI70-90

I karlUtlas;mankarfycuH. py

ehIyebIseM NImdITabCag 40 eFV[

eTAvij RbsinebIbrimaNTwkkgERseRcIneBk TwkeRCA kbNal[edIm

RsUvTn; gaydYl bnykarEbkKum< nigeFVI[TinplfycuHpgEdr.

06

II>

ekRtbrisSandMNaMRsUvenAkm<Ca
tamsanPaBdI nigTwk dIERskgRbeTskm<CaRtUv)anEbgEckCa

4 ekSRtbrisan dUcxageRkam
2>1
2>
1 ekSRtbrisanx<g;rab
ab KWCadIERsEdlmansNanCRmalxaMg nig
mFm ehIymindk;Tk
w nigminmanRsTab;)atngl
. RsUvcmarman
lkNsmRsbsRmab;daMdH
u enAkg
ekSRtbrisa nenH

edaysar

manRbBnbs
cak;eRCAeTAkg
dI edIm,IRsUbykTwk nigsarFatucB
i am
w .
2>2 ekSRtbrisa nTMnabGaRsyTwkePg KWCadIERsEdlmansNanCRmal
exSay nigmanRsTab;)atngl

bNal[mandk;Tk
w Cab;CaRbcaM Gac
rhUtdl;ryeBl 01 Ex EdlmanCaTUeTAkgEx tula edaysar
TwkePg nigrbbTwkTen bwgFM. eyagtamsanPaBenH ERsEdlst
i
kg
ekSRtbrisa nTMnabrMBg
w TwkePg RtUv)anEbgEckCa 4 RbePTeTotKW
- ERselI KWseM dAdl;ERsNaEdlmanTwkdk;CeRmACamFm BI 5
eTA 20 s>m kgrdUvvsSa ehIyRskGs;Bk
I gERsbnab;BIraMg
ePgkgryeBlRbEhl 10f
- ERskNal KWseM dAdl;ERsNaEdlmanTwkdk;CeRmACamFm
BI 5 eTA30 s>m kgrdUvvsSa ehIyRskGs;BIkgERsbnab;BI
raMgePgkgryeBlRbEhl 15 eTA 20f
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5 eTA 50 s>m kgrdUvvsSa

ehIyRskGs;BIkgERsbnab;BI

raMgePgkgryeBlRbEhl 30f
- ERsedImrdUv KWseM dAdl;ERsNaEdlksikrmanRbPBTwkeRsac
RsB)anmkBIRbLay b RsH bTk
w eRkamdI bEnmnaedImrdUvvsSa

07

sRmab;eFVIERsedImrdUvmg

rYcbnab;mksgRsUvvsSamgeTot.

CaTUeTA ERsedImrdUvvsSaenH GaceFV)

I anEtenAdIERskNal nig
dIERseRkamEtb:ueNaH

BIeRBaHsanPaBCeRmATwkkgtMbn;enH

GnuBaat[daMduHRsUvvsSakNal nigRsUvFn;bneTotedaymin
xVHTwknacugrdUv.
2>3
2>
3 ekSRtbrisanTwkeRCA KWsMedAdl;ERsNaEdlmanTwkdk;CeRmACa
mFmcab;BI 50 s>m GacrhUtdl;CeRmA 4 Em:Rt kg
rdUvvsSaehIy
RskGs;Bk
I g
ERsbnab;BrI aMgePgkg
ryeBlcab;BI 40f eLIgeTA.
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bPaKeRcInedayminBwgEpk elIrbbTwkePgeLIy. eyagtamsan
PaBTwk ERsEdlst
i kg
ekSRtbrisa nERsR)aMgenH RtUv)anEbgEck
Ca 3 RbePTeTotKW
- ERseRsacRsB KWsMedAdl;ERsTaMgLayNaEdlksikrdaMduH
dMNaMRsUvnardUvR)aMg edayeRbIR)as;Tk
w sRmab;eRsacRsBBIRbBn
eRsacRsB bRbBnR bLay bTk
w eRkamdIcab;Bs
I abrhUtdl;TuM
- ERsRbedjTwk KWseM dAdl;ERsenAtammat;bg
w bGagTwkFMTaMg
LayNaEdlksikrdaMdHu dMNaMRsUvRbedjtamTwkRsk nardUvR)aMg
edayeRbIR)as;Twk)anmkBIRbPBepSgeTot

eRsacbEnmrhUt

dl;TMu
- ERsmunTwkcUl KWseM dAdl;ERsenAtammat;bg
w bGagTwkFMTaMg
LayNaEdlksikrdaMduHdMNaMRsUv ehIyRbmUlpl[)anmun
eBlTwkcUledayeRbIR)as;Tk
w )anmkBIRbPBepSgsRmab;eRsac
RsBnaedImrdUv nigTwkePgbEnmrhUtdl;TMu.

08

2> ERsTMnabGaRsyTwkePg

1> ERsx<g;rab

2>1 ERselI

2>2 ERskNal

2>3 ERseRkam

3> ERsTwkCeRmA

2>4 ERsedImrdUvvsSa
4> ERsR)aMg = 4>1> ERseRsacRsB 4>2> ERsRbedjTwk 4>3> ERsmunTwkcUl
RbPB viTasanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<Ca

III .

cMNatfakrbsRsUv

dMNaMRsUv EdleKdaMduHbcb,nsitkgRKYsar Graminea sNan

Oryza nigmanBIrGMbUr KW

RsUvGaRhVik.

Oryza sativa L RsUvGasIu nig Oryza glaberrima

RsUvGasIRu tUv)anEbgEckCa 3 RbePTsMxan; KW Oryza sativa ssp.

Japonica, Oryza sativa ssp. Javanica nig Oryza sativa ssp. Indica.

3>1 Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica: KWCaRbePTRsUvEdleKdaMdHu enAPaKxag

eCIgnRbeTscin kUer: nigCb:n
u ehIyvaRtUvkarsItN
u P
aBRtCak;

CagRbePTBIreTot. CaTUeTA RsUvRbePTenHmanedImTabsk

w Rkas;
nigRKab;xI b:uEnmanskanuBlTinplx<s;.

3>2 Oryza sativa ssp. Javanica: KWCaRbePTRsUvEdleKdaMdH

u PaKeRcIn
enA\Ne nsI.
u CaTUeTAvamanedImdgx<s; sk
w FM nigRKab;FEM vg.

3>3 Oryzasativa ssp.Indica: KWCaRbePTRsUvEdleKdaMdHu enABaseBj

BiPBelak

ehIykCaRbePTRsUvEdlmandaMenAkg
RbeTskm<C
a

pgEdr. RsUvRbePTenHmanedImRsav

09

mankm<sB
; m
I FmeTAx<s;

sk
w Evg tUc esg
I nigmanRKab;tUcRTEvg manRbEvgmFm.

IV.

dMNakkallUtlasrbsdMNaMRsUv

karyl;dg
w BIdN
M ak;kallUtlas;rbs;dN
M aMRsUv

mansarsMxan;

Nas; eRBaHksikrGacRKb;RKgdMNaMRsUvrbs;xn
)anRtwmRtUvtamlkN

beckeTs nigGaceCosvag)annUvkar)at;bg;Tn
i p
ledayktacRgepSg.

vdCIvitrbs;dMNaMRsUvEckecjCa 3 vK KWvKlUtlas; vKbegItpl nig

vKTu.
M

4>1 vKlUtlas;

vKlUtlas;rbs;RsUvmankarERbRbYlGaRsyelIRbePTBUC nigrdUv

kaldaMduH. vKlUtlas;enHEckecjCa 4 dMNak;kal dUcxageRkam

dMNak;kalduHBnk

dMNak;kalenH

cab;epm
I BIkardak;RKab;

RsUvrhUtdl;RsUvduHBnk)ansk
w TI1. dMNak;kalenHRtUvkarTwk nigkMedA
CacaM)ac;.

dMNak;kalsMNab dMNak;kalenH cab;epm

I BIsN
M abduHsk
w

TI1 dl;sMNabcab;epImEbkKum<. dMNak;kalenH RtUvkarTwkCacaM)ac;

EtminRtUvkareRcIneBkenaHeT . dMNak;kalenH eRcInCYbRbTHbBaastV

RTIb bMpaj.

dMNak;kalEbkKum< dMNak;kalenH cab;epm

I BIRsUvEbkKumd
< b
M g
U

rhUt dl;RsUvEbkKum<Gtibrma. ryeBlndMNak;kalEbkKum<enH man

karERbRbYleTAtamRbePTBUC

nigeBlevladaMdHu .

dMNak;kalenHRtUvkar

CIbMbn
: edIm,Ibegn
I cMnn
Y edImEbk[)aneRcIn. manstVlitbMpajcMbgEdl
eRcInekItmanenAdMNak;kalenHdUcCa dgvmUrswk mmacRKb;RbePT dgv
sIurUgedIm nigdgvbMBg;kat;swk
.

dMNak;kalBnt
edIm dMNak;kalenH cab;epm
I RsbeBlKaenA

cugdMNak;kalEbkKumr< hUtdl;RsUvcab;epm
I kekItkYr.

ryeBlndMNak;

kalBnt
edIm manPaBRsedogKaeTAnwgdMNak;kalEbkKumE< dr KWERbRbYl

GaRsyelIRbePTBUC nigeBlevladaMdHu . CaTUeTA sRmab;BC

U RsUvRsal

minRbkan;rdUv GuEI Gr66 EsnBiedar Clsar>> ryeBlndMNak;kalEbk

10

Kum< nigBnt
edImCaGkkMNt;Gayukalrbs;RsUv. dMNak;kalenH EtgEt
CYbRbTHbBaadUcenAdMNak;kalEbkKumE< dr EdltRmUv[mankarEfTaMdt
i dl;
TaMgkarbBalTwk kardak;CI nigkarRKb;RKgktacRgepSg.

1- dMNak;kaldHuBnk
2- dMNak;kalsMNab
3- dMNak;kalEbkKum<

4- dMNak;kalBntedIm

4>2 vKbegItpl
Gs;.

vKbegItpl manryeBlRbmaN 35 f dUcKaRKb;BUCRsUvTaMg

vKenH cab;epImBIRsUvkekItkYrrhUtdl;RsUvecjkYrecjpa Edl

EckecjCa 3 dMNak;kal

dMNak;kalkekItkYr dMNak;kalenH cab;epm

I BIkN
M kMeNItkYr

rhUtdl;RsUvepIm. enAdMNak;kalenH RsUvRtUvkarTwk nigCICatiCacaM)ac;

sRmab;CMrujkarlUtlas;kkYr[manRKab;eRcIn.

ecjkYr.

dMNak;kalepIm

cab;epImBIRsUvkekItkYrrhUtdl;RsUvcab;epIm

enAkgdMNak;kalenH

ksikrKb,IEfrkSaTwkkgERs[manCa

RbcaM. CaTUeTA vaCadMNak;kalEdlstVkNr cUlcitb

p
M a jxag
M CageK.

dMNak;kalecjkYrecjpa dMNak;kalenH Kitcab;BIRsUvecj

kYrputrhUtdl;paRsUveraylMGg. enAkgdMNak;kalenH RsUvCYbRbTH

bBaaktacRg

nigRtUvkarEfTaMRbhak;RbEhlnwgdMNak;kalepImEdr

EdlKYr[kt;smal;enaH KWcab;epm
I manvtmanBBYkRswgCBakT
; k
w edaH.

11

EtGVI

5- dMNak;kalkekItkYr

6- dMNak;kalepIm

7-dMNak;kalecjkYr
ecjpa

smal;
l ksarxH )aneFVk
I arEbgEckdMNak;kallUtlas;rbs;

dMNaMRsUv enAkgvKbgbegItplenH edaybBaldMNak;kalkrekItkYr

nigdMNak;kalepImCamYyKa ehIyEckdMNak;kalecjkYr nigdMNak;k

alecjpadac;edayELkBIKa .

4>3 vKTMu

vKTMu manryeBl30f dUcKaRKb;BUCRsUvTaMgGs; . vKenHcab;

epm
I BIRsUvdak;Tk
w edaHrhUtdl;RsUvTMu edayEckecjCa 3 dMNak;kal KW

dMNak;kaldak;TwkedaH
edaH dMNak;kalenH RtUv)ansMKal;eday

sarRKab;RsUvcab;epImmanTwkedaHBNs

rhUtdl;TwkedaHRsUvcab;epIm

kkCaemSA . CaFmta ebIeKRc)ac;RKab;RsUvedayd ehIysegteXIjman

TwkedaHRsUvrav

Gacsmal;)anfa

RsUvsitkgdMNak;kaldak;TwkedaH

enAeLIy . enAdMNak;kalenH sk
w Tg;Cy

edIrtYnaTIya: gsMxan; ehIy

kar)at;bg;swkTg;Cy GaceFVI[b:HBal;dl;TinplpgEdr . kardak;

RKab;RsUveBj bmn
i eBj KWGaRsynwgdMNak;kalenH . kardak;RKab;mn
i

)anl GacbNalmkBIbBaaxVHTwk xVHCII xVHBnW nigktaepSgeTot.

RKab;RsUvdak;TwkedaH KWgayTTYlrgnUvkarbMpajBIstVRswg ehIyvaGac

b:HBal;y:agxaMgdl;Tinpl nigKuNPaBRKab; RbsinebIkarbMpajman

sPaBFn;Fr.

12

dMNak;kaldak;emSA
mSA dMNak;kalenH RtUv)ansMKal;edayTwk

edaHRsUv cab;epm
I kkrwgeTACaemSA rhUtdl;kkrwgTaMgRsug . CaTUeTA eK

segteXIjfa kgkYrnImYy RKab;RsUvminsitkgdMNak;kaldUcKaenaH

eT eBalKW RKab;xHsitkgdMNak;kalecjpa xHdak;TwkedaH nigRKab;

xHsitkgdMNak;kaldak;emSA . dMNak;kaldak;emSAenH kenACYbRbTH

w edaHeT.
bBaaRswgCBakT
; k
w edaHpgEdr EtminFnF
; r dUcdMNak;kaldak;Tk

dMNak;kalTM
alTuM dMNak;kalenH RtUv)ansMKal;edayeXIjedIm

RsUvkg
ERsTaMgmUlmanBNelOg bBNetat nigsk
w RsUvmanBNelOg

eRBaHCatibtgrbs;swkpakskmPaBeFVIrsIsMeyaK . sarFatuEdl bs

edIm swkRsUbyk)anTaMgGs;enAdMNak;kalenH KWRtUvRbmUlpl;eTA[

RKab;.

8-dMNak;kal
dak;TwkedaH

9-dMNak;kaldak;emSA

10-dMNak;kalTMu

RsUvCaRBHem
13

bTdanbgb
M eckeTsRbBlvb,kmdN
M aMRsUv

manxageRkam

sresrCaBakkaB

> kareRbIR)as;BUC nigRKab;BUC

eRbIR)as;BUCsuT eRCIserIsht;ct; manKuNPaBx<s;

BUC nigRKab;BUC edIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;enAkgplitkmdMNaMRsUv.

RKab;BC
U CaGkpk
nigbBan
Btm
anesenTiceTArukC
atiCn
M an;eRkaymanny

faebIeyIgdaMBC
U RsUvRkGUb eyIgnwgTTYl)anRsUvRkGUb ebIdaMBC
U RsUvdMeNIb
eyIgnwgTTYl)anRsUvdMeNIb.

BUCRsUvmaneRcInRbePT

ehIyxusKatam

rdUvkal Rbkan;rdUv nigminRbkan;rdUv Gayukal RsUvRsal kNal Fn;

rsCatiGgr nigkn
i . dUecH ksikrRtUveRCIserIsRbePTBUCEdlplT
; n
i p
l

x<s; Fn;ng
w ktacRg RsbtamRbBne kSRtbrisa n nigtRmvkarTIpSarmkeFVk
I ar
U tamkarENnaMrbs;RksYgksikm ruka Rbmaj;
daMdH
u . ksikrKYreRbIR)as;BC

14

nigensaT dUcxageRkam

- eRbIBC
U RsUvGIEu G GIEu Gr66 (IR66) EsnBiedar nigClsar EdlCaBUC

RsUvRsalminRbkan;rdUv ehIyplT
; n
i p
lx<ss
; mRsbsRmab;lkxN

RsUvbegn
I rdUv nigRsUvR)aMg bRsUvvsSakg
lkxNERsmindk;Tk
w

- eRbIBC
U RsUvparMdl
Y
paremot parMedg nigpacnE snsr CaBUCRsUv
kNalRbkan;rdUv manrsCatiqa j; nigmantmxs
< e; nAelITp
I Sar
EdlsmRsbsRmab;l
; kxNERselI .

- BUCRsUvraMgCy xa4 nig xa6 EdlCaBUCRsUvFnR; bkan;rdUv kg

lkxNERsCeRmA.

RtUvcgcaMfaBUCRsUvEsnBiedar parMdl
Y
parMedg nigparemot CaBUC

RsUvRbNit EdlmankinRkGUb mantmx<s;enAelITIpSar .

eRbIRKab;BUCsRmab;eRbIR)as;kgplitkm RtUvEtCaBUCsuT nigman

dMNH
u cab;BI 85 eLIgeTA eBalKWCaRKab;BC
U )anmkBIkarsRmitsRmaMg

RtwmRtUv. RbsinebIBm
u M anBUCRsUvsuT KuNPaBlsRmab;eFVk
I ardaMdHu ksikrGac
i asanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<C
a Rkumhn
u sanIy
TijRKab;BC
U BIvT

ksikmkgtMbn; bshKmn_ksikrplitBUCEdlmankarTTYlsal;Rtwm
RtUv nigGacTukcit)an .

1>1 kareFVIdMNuHsak

edIm,IkMNt;brimaNBUCEdlRtUvsab[)ansmRsb

kareFVIdMNuH

RKab;sakl,g KWCakargarsMxan;. CaTUeTA RKab;BUCmandMNuHlsitkg

cenaHBI 2 ExknH eTA 10 Ex eRkayeBlRbmUlpl . kg

lkxNFmta

eRkayeBlRbmUlplBI 1-2 Ex RKab;BUCPaKeRcInsitkgdMeNk min

sUvduH ehIyebITukyUrelIsBI 10 ExknHeLIgeTA dMNuHRKab;nwgRtUv

I N
M Hu sak ehIy
Fak;cHu Cabnbnab; . manviFs
I aRsepSgCaeRcInsRmab;eFVd

viFIsaRsEdlgay sRmab;eFVIbNHsak manerobrab;CUnxageRkam

- eRCIsykRKab;edaycdncMnYn 3 kEng BI)avRsUvnImYyenA

EpkxagelI kNal nigEpkxageRkamn)av rYcRcbl;bBal
Ka

15

ehIycab;yk100RKab; edaycdnTaMgRKab;;l nigminl eday

Gnuvt[)an3-5 sMNak.

- dak;RKab;RsUvEdlrab;rYccUleTAkgEkv bcan cak;TwkcUlrhUt

dl;lc
i BIelIRKab;BC
U kMBs;RbmaN 3 s>m kUrRKab;[)ansBVrc
Y
RKb nigrkSaTukenAkEngmansuvtP
i aB .

- ryeBl3feRkay eyIgGacrab;cMnYnRKab;duH nigRKab;minduH

ehIycMnYnRKab;duHsrub KWCaGRtadMNuHRKab;BUC .

U EdlcaM)ac;RtUveRbI eyIg
tamlTplndMNH
u sak nigkMrt
i RKab;BC

GacKNnabrimaNRKab;BUCEdlsmRsb sRmab;ykeTAsab)any:ag

gay .

RKab;BUCminl nigdMNuHRKab;

RKab;BUCl nigdMNuHRKab;

1>2 kareRCIsykRKab;eBjeTAsab

RbsinebIsegteXIjfaRKab;BC
U mandMNHu Tab

edaysarmanlay

sMdIeRcIn RKab;es<t eyIgGaceFVIkareRCIserIsRKab;EdllsRmab;yk

eTAsab edayRKan;Etcak;RKab;BC
U cUleTAkg
FugrYccak;Tk
w cUl[CiteBj

Fug kUr[sBV bnab;mkRsg;ykRKab;EdlGENtelIpTk

w ecj. cMENk
RKab;lc
i kg
TwkRtUvcak;Tk
u mYykEng rYcbneFVIkareRCIserIstamviFIenHrhUt

dl;Gs;RKab;BUCEdlRtUvykeTAsab .

16

cak;RsUvcUleTAkgTwk

kUredIm,I[sMdIGENt

Rsg;RKab;minlecj

edIm,IFana[)annUvRKab;BC
U Edldak;RKab;eBjl sRmab;ykeTAsab

eKGaceFVk
I areRCIserIstamviFs
I aRs eRbIR)as;l,ayTwkGMbl
i
dUcxageRkam

- dak;sutman; bsutTaEdll cUlkgFugEdlmandak;Twk 2

PaK3

- cak;GMbilmYycMnYncUleTAkgTwk rYckUr[rlayGs; nigbncak;

rhUtdl;sutGENteLIgelIpTwk

- cak;RKab;BUCcUlRbmaNBak;kNalFug rYckUr[sBV

- ekoryksMdI RKab;esA nigRKab;RsUvNaEdlGENtecj

- Rsg;ykRKab;Edllickg
FugTukmYykEng ehIybneFVk
I areRCIs
erIs bnrhUtGs;RKab;BUCEdlRtUvykeTAsab.

- RtUvykRKab;BUCEdlRbLak;CatiGMbileTAlagTwk[satmunyk
eTARtaM ebImindUecHeT eFVI[b:HBal;dl;dMNuHRKab;.

dak;GMbilcUl

sutGENteLIg

17

karyl;dg
w BIkareRbIR)as;RKab;BC
U )anRtwmRtUv naM[ksikrecHkMNt;

BIRbePT nigbrimaNBUCsRmab;eFVIplitkmeqIytbnwgtRmUvkarpal;xn

nigTIpSar nigGackMNt;)annUvbrimaNRKab;BUCsmRsb nigRKab;BUCman

KuNPaBlsRmab;ykeTAsab EdleFVI[ksikrcMeNjeBlevla fvika

nig TTYl)anTinplx<s;. RtUvcgcaMfa kareRCIserIsRKab;BUCsRmab;eRbI
R)as;)anRtwmRtUv eFVI[dMNaMRsUvlUtlas;)anl duHesI mankmaMgxaMg

GacTb;Tl;ng
w karbMpa jrbs;stVlt
i
nigCMg)
W anmYycMnn
Y . elIsBIenH
eTotGacekInTinpl)anBI 10-15 nigecosvag)ankar)at;bg;Tinpl

edaysarbkSI nigkarTMeu jas .

KuNsm,ti nkareRbIR)as;BC
U suT KuNPaBl

- mansarFatubrM g
u RKb;RKan; sRmab;[sMNablUtlas; nigman
suxPaBl

- eFV[
I edImRsUvduHlUtlas;)anesK
I a l

- ePaKplRsUvplit)anmanPaBsuTl gayRsYlrkTIpSar nig

mantmxs
< e; nAelITp
I SarGnrCati

- KuNPaBGgr rkSa)annUvPaBedImTaMgrs;Cati nigkn

i

- RKab;BUCsuTl nigmanKuNPaBx<s; GacCYy[Tinp

lRsUvekIn
eLIgBI 15-20 .

xageRkamenHCakMNaBsB
I T
I k
u R BYyRKab;RsUv BMumansuxPaBl

18

II

> karsabRKab;BUC
sabelIfaleKak dImanmemak sMNabefasl

edIm,ITTYl)ansMNabefaslsRmab;ykeTAsg

ksikrKYrGnuvt

tamviFIsaRsdUcxageRkam

- bN H RKab; B U C Camu n edayRckRKab; E dl)ansRmi t sRmaM g

kg
)av bfg;RkNat;RtaMTk
w ryeBl 24 em:ag ehIyRsg;mkpab;

TaMg)av ryeBl 24 em:ag edayykcMebIgRKbBIelIedIm,Ibegn

I

kMedAsRmab;[RsUvBUCduH)anl . RtUvelIkRtLb;)avRsUvBIelIcuH

eRkamkgryeBl 12 em:agmg nigeRsacTwkepSImticCaRbcaM

- RtUverobcMfalsMNabedaybMpusdI[)anm:d half[)an

7-10f sMGatesA nigBRgabdI[)anrabesI

- eRbICF
I mCati CIkb
M s
u: EdlBukpuylkg
brimaNRbEhl 200
K>k 1reTH sRmab;fa l100 m2. CIFmCatienHRtUveRbICaCIRTab;

)atenAeBlerobcMdI edayBRgay[)ansBV

- erobcMCafalsMNabeKak EdlmanTItaMgenAEk,rRbPBTwk man

BnW fRKb;RKan; niggayRsYlkg

karkarBar. falGacelIkCarg
EdlmanTTwgBI 1/2-1/5 m nigbeNayGaRsyelIsanPaBdI
Cak;Esg

- dg;seuI tRKab;BC
U sRmab;sab KWRbmaN 0/1 K>k 1 xaM sRmab;
falTMhM 1 m2

- sRmab;sgelIdI 1 hikta RtUvkarfalsMNabTMhMBI 150200 m2 nigRtUvkarRKab;BUCsuTKuNPaBlBI 10-15 K>k.

19

karerobcMfaleKak

karerobcMfaldab:uk

m:ageTot ksikrGacerobcMfalsMNabdab:uk edayykswkeck

bRkNat;ekAsURkalBIeRkam bnab;mkykdIlayRcbl;CamYyCIlamk

stVdak;BIelIkgkMras;RbmaN 5 s>m knHtwk rYcykRKab;RsUvEdl

)anpab;eTAsabBIelI.

edIm,I[RKab;RsUvcab;Cab;CamYydI

bbMBg;CrRbenolbgab;esIBIelIrg muneBleRsacTwk.

RtUvykedImeck

karGnuvttamviFIsaRsxagelI eFVI[sMNabduHlUtlas;l gay

RsYlEfTaM cMeNjBlkm eBlevladk nigTTYl)ansMNabsuxPaBl

sRmab;ykeTAsg.
III.
III

karerobcMdIERs
Pr[RbesIr ekordI[esI ras;[)anm:d

karerobcMdI man\TiBly:agxaMgelIkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRsUv.

karerobcMd)
I anl KWeFV[
I dIERspus nigmanrnxl;eRcInEdlGacCYysRmYl

dl;karlUtlas;rbs;RbBnbs begInCICatidItamrykarPrlb;esA nig

Kl;CRBaag
M gayRsYlkg
karRKb;RKgTwk nigesAcRg CaBiessGacsmab;

BBYkpSit smab;BgdwkeDO nigstVlitpgEdr. CakarlRbesIr ksikr

RtUvPrdas;dIERsenAeBlePgFak;esImlm. PredIm,Ismab;esA smab;

Pak;garbgCMgW nigbMpajBg bdwkeDOstVlit ehIyeFVI[dIpusl manrn

xl;ecjcUll EdlbglkxNlRbesIrsRmab;karlUtlas;rbs;
dMNaMRsUv.

20

karerobcMdIERsmin)anl

karerobcMdIERs)anrabesIl

CaTUeTA dIERssng
RtUvPr [)ansBVl Pr [)anCMerABI 15-20 s>m

PrBI2-3 dg ras;[)an 1 dg KYreRbIrnas;eFjekageLIgelI nigekor

BRgabdI[)anrabesIl. sRmab;dIERsR)aMg bERsRbedjTwk karPrdIKYr

GnuvtenAmuneBlTwklic ehIykarras; nigekorBRgabnwgRtUvGnuvtenAeBl

TwkRsk . m:ageTot kg
ERssng
ksikrKYreFVc
I gr sRmab;bgr TwkecjcUl.

RtUvcgcaMfa karerobcMdImin)anl eBalKWPrminsBV ras;minm:d

nigekorminesI eFV[
I RsUvBi)akcak;bs

eRBaHdIrg
w
nigesAduHeRcInedaysar

dITabx<s; nigkarEckcayCI nigTwkminesIl eFVI[RsUvduHlUtlas;minl

nigTTYl)anTinplTab.

21

kareobcMdI

karPrdIelIkTI1 RtUvcab;epImenAeRkayeBlRcUtkat;Pam eRBaHdI

enAmansMeNImsmRsb. eBlevla nkarPrelIkTI 2 GaceFVImuneBl

eRBaH bsg cMnYn 1-2 s)ah_ edIm,I[esArlYy. CeRmAnkarPrras;

KWmankarERbRbYleTAtamRbePTdI dUcCaRbePTdIl,ayxSac; CeRmABI 8-12

s>m

nigdIl,ay\d CeRmABI 15-25 s>m.

kareRbIR)as;sMNab
eRbIsMNabxI dkedayfmd min)ak;rbYs

IV.

karsgsMNabefas nigmansuxPaBl eFVI[sngqab;lUtlas;

nigEbkKum)
< anl RbECgQHesA Fn;RTaMng
w karbMpa jrbs;stVlt
i
nig
CMgWepSg

CaBiesseFVI[eyIggayRsYlsg

1edImkg1Kum<

Etmg.

sMNabsRmab;ykeTAsg

RtUvdkedayRbugRbyt dkfm beRbIcbck;

b]bkrN_epSgCaCMny
Y
eCosvagkare)aknwgeCIg EdleFV[
I sMNab)ak;
canEdk bkeBaI blI edIm,IeCosvag
nigEbkedIm . cUk bdksMNabdak;kg

kardac;bseRcIn )ak;edIm niggayRsYldwkCBaneTAERs. Cakarl RtUv

sg
Pambnab;Bd
I krYc edayeCosvagkarpab;ryeBlyUrmunnwgykeTAsg
.

tamlkNbeckeTs eKGacsg

RsUvcab;Bs
I N
M abmanGayu

8 f

eLIgeTAehIykarsgsMNabGayu
xI

eFVI[ryeBlEbkKum<)anEvg

naM[RsUvmanlTPaBEbkKum< )an
eRcIn.

kareRCIserIssMNab
suxPaBlsRmab;sg

22

sRmab;BC
U RsUvRsalEdldaMdHu enArdUvR)aMg nigedImrdUvvsSa dUcCa

BUCGuIEGr66 Clsar nig EsnBiedarCaedIm ksikrKYrsgsMNabxI man

GayuticCag 15 f. cMeBaHBUCRsUvkNaldUcCa parMdYl paremot pa

rMedg nigpacnE snsr CaedIm KYrsg

sMNabGayutc
i Cag 20 f. cMENk
i
BUCRsUvFnd
; c
U Ca raMgCy xa4 nigxa6 CaedIm KYrsg
sMNabEdlmanGayutc

Cag 30f.

bcb,nedaysarmankarERbRbYlFatuGakas edIm,IeKcput

BIkarTuksMNabcas;hs
Y Gayukalsg

edayPaBraMgst
ksikrRtUvpas;
I g
mkCakarerobcMds
I g
rg;caMsN
M abvij}.
}
br Tmab;BI {karsabsMNabrg;caMds

b:Eu nRtUvcgcaMfa cMeBaHBUCRsUvRbkan;rdUv minRtUvsabeLIgvijeT RbsinebI

segteXIjfa vKlt
U las; CitputehIyenaH. eRkABIenH edIm,Iecosvag
_ g
eday
karsabeLIgvij ksikrKYrsabbNak;Ka kg
cenaHBI 1-2 s)ahm

BicarNaeTAelIbrimaNRKab;BC
U nigTMhd
M s
I Rmab;sg
. m:ageTot ksikrmin

RtUvyksMNabEdlBikar eBalKW dac;bseRcIn b)ak;edImykeTAsgeT

eRBaHvaGaceFVI[dMNaMRsUvlUtlas;exSay.

>

viFIsaRsdaMduH
sgeRBaHCaCYr cenaHsmKYr tamRbePTdI
5>1 karsg

karsg
RsUvtambeckeTs KYrGnuvttamkarENnaMdc
U teTA

23

- KYrsgCaCYredaysg 1-2 edImkg 1 Kum< kgkrNIsMNabefas

l nigmanGayukalx.
I enAkg
ERsTMnabBwgTwkePg eRKaHraMgst
EtgekIt
manCajwkjab;EdleFVI[sMNabrbs;ksikrmanGayucas;Ex. kgkrNI

KanCeRmIs ksikrGaceRbIR)as;sN
M abenH)an EtKYrsg
3-5 edImKum<
niglTukcenaHKum<jwkbnic. RbsinebIsMNabcas;edImeBk Gayucab;
U RsUvRsal
BI1ExknHeLIgeTA ksikrKYrsabsarCafI edayeRbIR)as;BC

minRbkan;rdUv

CaBiesskg
sanPaBEdleRKaHraMgst
GUsbnayryeBl

yUr. cMeBaHERsCMerA ksikrKYrsg

BI 2-3 edImKum< edIm,Ikat;bnyhaniPy

kg
kar)at;Km
u < edaysarkarbMpa jrbs;stVka m xgBNmas nigkarrlYy
edIm.l.

- sgkgCeRmABI 1-2 s>m sgrak; nigminRtUvbt; bssMNab

dUcEpsnc. CeRmAsgGacERbRbYlGaRsyelIRbePTdI ehIyRtUvGnuvt

edaykarRbugRbyt.

karsgrak; nigminbt;bs
RsUvEbkKum<l

karsgeRCA nigbt;bs
RsUvminsUvEbkKum<

]TahrN_ sRmab;dx
I Sac; RbePTdIRBExr bdRI bTHLag kg
krNI
manTwkRKb;RKan; karsg
rak; 1-2 s>m Cakarl. b:Eu nRbsinebImaneRKaH
raMgst
ekIteLIgenAeRkayeBlsg
PamenaH karsg
rak;enAelIRbePTdIxSac;
naM[snggaynwggab;.
-sg
kg
cenaHKums
< mRsb edayERbRbYleTAtamRbePTdI RbePTBUC

nigkMritCICatirbs;d.
I cenaHKum< 20s>m x 20s>m smRsbsRmab;dI

24

minsUvmanCICati cenaHKum< 25 s>m x 25 s>m smRsbsRmab;ds

I b
M rU

CICati. KYryl;dg
w fa ktacMnn
Y edImEbkkg
mYyKumE< tmYymux minTan;RKb;

RKan;kg
karkMNt;Tn
i p
lenaHeT EtmanktaCaeRcIneTot dUcCacMnYnedIm
[plkg
1Em:Rtkaer: RbEvgkYrcMnn
Y RKab;dak;eBjkg
mYykYr kCaktasMxan;

EdlcUlrYmkMNt;TinplRsUvpgEdr.

karsgCaCYr nigcenaHKum<smRsb

karsg
RsUvtambeckeTspls
; arRbeyaCn_ dUcxageRkam
- sngTTYl)anCICati nigBnWdUcKa.
- kgERsmanxl;ecjcUll.

- gayRsYlkgkareFVIesA nigbMpusdI.

- gayRsYlkg
karcuHtamdanktacRgepSg dUcCastVlt
i nigCMg.
W
- eFVI[snglUtlas;esIKal nigEbkKum<)aneRcIn.
- gayRsYlkgkarRbmUlpl.

- Tak;TajGarmN_ksikr [cuHemIlERs EfTaMRsUvCaRbcaM.

25

5>2 kardaM b eRBaH

tamFmta kareRbIR)as;vF
i s
I aRseRBaH bdaMRKab; GaccMeNjkmag
M

Blkm EdlGac[kardaMdHu eFVeI TA)anelOn elIpdF

I k
M g
ryeBlxI ehIy

ksikrEdlmankmag
M Blkmtc
i
GaceFVEI Rs)anTan;eBlevla. ma:geTot

ksikrmincaM)ac; erobcMfa lsMNab nigcMNayeBlevlasRmab;dksg

eLIy ehIyksikrGaceRBaH bdaMelIds
I t bdIesIm edaymincaM)ac;man

Twkdk;enAERs.

Tnm
w nwgKuNsm,tei nH

kareFVRI sUvBeRgaHCYbRbTHbBaaCaeRcIndUcCa

eRbIRKab;BC
U eRcIn RtUvkarerobcMd[
I )anrabesl
I minGaceFV)
I anenAERsCeRmA

manesAduHeRcIn manstVlt
i
nigCMgeW RcIn CaedIm EdlRtUvcMNayfvika
EfTaMeRcIn.

viFIsaRseRBaH

viFIsaRseRBaHRsUvcm,gEdlksikrniymeRbIR)as;rYmman 3 KW

1> eRBaHRKab;RsUvst
elIds
I t
eRkayBIerobcMdrI c
Y ral; ksikryk

RKab;RsUvsteTAeRBaHenAelIdIERsstKanTwk ehIyrg;caMTwkePgFak;.
buE: nceM BaHERsEdlmanRbBnF
arasaRs bmanRbPBTwk ksikrGacbUmTwk

bBalkgERsedIm,I[RKab;RsUvduH)anl.

26

2> eRBaHRKab;RsUvEdlbNH rYcelIdeI sIm eRkayBIPr ras;ekorBRgab

dIrc
Y ksikrykRKab;BC
U EdlduHBnk RtaMTk
w 12 em:ag nigpab; 24 em:ag
eTAeRBaHelIdIesImpukmanTwktic.

3> eRBaHRKab;RsUvesImkg
Twk ksikr)anerobcMdrI c
Y CaeRscmuneBl

TwkeLIg ehIyenAeBlTwkRsk eTAvijenAsl;kB

M s;RbmaN 20-30s>m
ksikrykRKab;BUCRsUvEdlesImeTAeRBaHelIERsEtmg. kareRBaHkgTwk

enHGaccMeNjkarbBal
Twk ehIyRsUvGacduHRbECgQHesA duHmunesA
bu:EnGacmankarbMpajBnkRsUvedaysarRtI bstVkgTwkepSgeTot.

CaTUeTA ksikreRbIR)as;RKab;BC
U RsUvy:ageRcInRbmaN 150-250 K>k

rhUtdl; 300 K>k kg

1 hikta EdleFV[
I
kg 1 hikta ehIytMbn;xH

Kat;xatbg;fvikaehIydMNaMRsUvduHminl

nigTTYlTinp
lTab.

kareRBaH

Rkas;enH eFVI[RsUvduHesak xVHxl;ecjcUl nigBnWfcUlmindl; RBm

TaMgmanstV nigCMgWbMpajeRcIn ebIeRbobeFobnwgkardaMCaCYr ehIyesIg

kgkMritRKab;BUC 60-80K>k kg 1 hikta.

edIm,ITTYl)anpll nigmanRbsiTPaBesdkic ksikrKYrGnuvt

viFIsaRsdaMduHedayeRbIR)as;]bkrN_daMRKab;dUcxageRkam

1> cMeBaHERsEdlmanRbBne RsacRsB

RsacRsB KYrGnuvtvF
i s
I aRsdaMedayeRbI
]bkrN_daMRKab;CaCYrtamBIrrebob

- daMRKab;duHBnk Ebkmat;cab elIdIERsesImpukmanTwktic

kg
kMrt
i RKab;BC
U 60-80 K>k kg
mYyhikta cMeBaHdIsMbUrCICati
nig 80-100K>k kg
mYyhikta cMeBaHdImn
i sUvsMbrU CICati.

eRkayBIGUsdaM)an 2-3 f RtUvbBal

TwkedIm,Iecosvagkar

Tuk[st
naM[RsUvduHminl

- daMRKab;st
enAelIERsst
KanTwk kg
kMrt
i RKab;BC
U dUcxagelIehIy

RtUvbBalTwkkgERskgkMritRbmaN 5 s>m bnab;BIGUsdaMrYc

edIm,I[RKab;RsUvduH)anl.

27

2> cMeBaHERsEdlKanRbBneRsacRsB rMBwgTwkePg

g KYrGnuvt

viFIsaRsdaMedayeRbI]bkrN_daMRKab;CaCYr

kgkMrit 100-120

K>k kgmYyhikta. ksikrRtUvykRKab;BUCRsUvsteTAdaM ehIy

eRkayBIGUsdaMrYcRtUvras;lubRKab;edIm,IecosvagkareFVI[RKab;RsUv

st
nigminduHedayBnW fenAeBlePgRkFak; nig)at;bg;RKab;eday
sarstVsIu.

kgkrNIksikrenAEtmanbMNgeRbIR)as;viFIsaRseRBaHRKab;RsUv

edayd caM)ac;RtUvrkGkEdlmanCMnajGaceRBaHRKab;esIl ehIyesIg

kg
kMrt
i 80-120 K>k kg
mYyhikta RsbtamRbePTdI. ksikrRtUvGnuvtkar

RKb;RKgTwk nigras;lb;RKab;RsbtamlkxNnImYy dUcviFIsaRsdaMduH

edayeRbI]bkrN_daMRKab;xagelIEdr .

karGUsdaMeday]bkrN_daMRKab;

VI.

karRKb;RKgCICatidI

RKb;RKgCICati ykCIFmCati CamUldanRKwH

6>1 cMNat;fak;dIsRmab;dMNaMRsUvenARbeTskm<Ca

karRKb;RKgCICatidI)anRtwmRtUv

nwgFana)annUvnirnrPaBplitkm

RbsiTPaBesdkic nigtulPaBRbBnbrisan. Caerogral;rdUv RsUv)an

28

RsUbyksarFatucB
i am
w dUcCa GasUt pUsrV b:t
U asm nigsarFatumy
Y cMnn
Y
eTotBIkgdI.
vijeTenaH

RbsinebIeyIgmin)anbMeBjbEnmsarFatuTaMgenaHdl;dI

naM[dIxatbg;CICatiCaRbcaM

ehIyCalTpleFVI[dMNaMRsUv

duHlUtlas;min)anl nigpl;Tinplkan;EtTab. dUecH karRKb;RKgCI

M t
u kg
plitkmdN
M aMRsUv. kareRbIR)as;CeI lIdN
M aM
CatidI KWCaktasMxan;bp
RsUv mankarERbRbYleTAtamRbePTdI. EteTaHCay:agNakeday CaTUeTA
viFIsaRs RKb;RKgCICatidI minmanlkNxusKaenaHeT.
enAkm<C
a tamkmvF
i I km<C
a-GIru I GURsalI (CIAP), 1997 dIsRmab;d
; N
M aM
RsUvEckecjCa 11 Rkum rYmman RkumdIRBExr RbTHLag La)anesok GUrg
U
RkKr )akan k,aleBaFi ekonsVay TYlsMerag eKakRtb; nigRkumdIkMBg;
esom. lkNsMKal; nigbTdannkareRbIR)as;CIeTAtamRkumdInImYy
mandUcxageRkam

Rkum 1 dIRBExr (PREY KHMER SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 10-12%
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;cas; bl,ab;sMNwk-CMnn;
RsTab;elICaxSac;manCMerAeRCACag 50 s>m
kareRbICI Guyer: 50-87.5 kg/ha -edGaeb: 17-25 kg/ha
b:Utas 67 kg/ha (N - P -K -S )
28-52

12-15

10-20

0-20

Rkum 2 dIRbTHLag (PRATEAH LANG SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 25-30%
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;cas; bl,ab;sMNwk-CMnn; RsTab;elICaxSac;

manCMerAticCag40 s>m RsTab;eRkamCadIl,ay b\d

kareRbICI Guyer: 50-87.5 kg/ha -edGaeb: 50-88 kg/ha
b:Utas 50 kg/ha (N - P -K -S )
40-60

29

23-29

20-30

0-10

Rkum 3 dILa)anesok (LABANSIEK SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 1 %
kMNkMeNIt tamcegHPM bkUnPM RsTab;elICadIRkhm
kareRbICI
-Guyer: 65 kg/ha -edGaeb: 100 kg/ha
(N48-94- P46-63-K0-22)

Rkum 4 dIGUrUg (ORUNG SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 1-2%
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;cas; RsTab;elICa\d bl,ayCMerABI
10-30 s>m RsTab;eRkamCadIxSac;
kareRbICI -Guyer: 117-134 kg/ha -edGaeb: 67 kg/ha
-b:Utas 34-50 Kg/ha (N - P -K -S )
36-70

23-40

0-30

0-15

Rkum 5 dIRkKr (KRAKOR SOIL)

pdIdaMduH - 15%
kMNkMeNIt TMnablicTwkskmdIstBNRbepHPW betatPWRsTab;elI
CadI\d bl,ayCMerA 20-40 s>m
kareRbICI -Guyer: 238-350 kg/ha -edGaeb: 50-100 kg/ha
(N60-120- P23-34)

Rkum 6 dI)akan (BAKAN SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 10-15%
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;sMNwk-CMnn; bl,ab;CMnn;cas; RsTab;elICa
dIl,ay bdI\d TIkEngmanenARKb;tMbn;daMduHRsUv
kareRbICI -Guyer: 113-138 kg/ha -edGaeb: 43-65 kg/ha
-b:Utas 33-50 kg/ha (N - P -K -S )
50-52

12-15

10-20

0-20

Rkum 7 dIk,aleBaFi (KBAL PO SOIL)

pdIdaMduH -- 13 %
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;fI dIstBNRbepHRsGab; eTARbepH
RsTab;elICadI\d
kareRbICI -Guyer: 125-300 kg/ha -edGaeb: 100 kg/ha
-b:Utas 50 kg/ha
30

Rkum 8 dIekonsVay (KIEN SVAY SOIL)

pdIdaMduH - 2 %
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;Ten RsTab;elICadIl,ay b\ddIsmRsb
sRmab;dMNaMRsUv bEn eQIhUbEp
kareRbICI -Guyer: 125 kg/ha
Rkum 9 dITYlsMerag (TOUL SAMRONG SOIL)
pdIdaMduH -- 7-10 %
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;cas; bl,ab;sMnwk-CMnn;dIstBNetatPW eTA
etat bRbepHPWRsTab;elICal,ay b \d 10-20 s>m
kareRbICI -Guyer: 113-194 kg/ha -edGaeb: 50-75 kg/ha
Rkum 10 dIeKakRtb; (KOKTRAP SOIL)
pdIdaMduH -- 5 %
kMNkMeNIt l,ab;CMnn;cas; dIstBNRbepH eTARbepH
RsGab; RsTab;elICal,ay b\d GasIutxaMg
kareRbICI -Guyer: 67-125 kg/ha -edGaeb: 50-61 kg/ha
-b:Utas 50 kg/ha
Rkum 11 kMBg;esom (KAMPONG SIEM SOIL)
pdIdaMduH -- 1-2 %
kMNkMeNIt CMraleCIgPM dIstBNRbepHRkem:AeTAexA
RsTab;elICa\d 10-20 s>m
kareRbICI -Guyer: 125-200 kg/ha -edGaeb: 37.5 kg/ha

6>2 kareRbIIR)as;CI
eTaHbICamanRbePTdIxs
u Kay:agNakeday EtkarRKb;RKgCICati
dImn
i manPaBxusKaenaHeTKW tRmUv[GnuvtvF
i ankarcRmuHRKb;RKgCICatidI tam
rykareRbIbrimaNCIRsbeTAnwgtRmUvkar

31

nigvKlt
U las;rbs;dN
M aM

manCI

FmCati nigCIKm
I .
I CIFmCatirm
Y man CIkb
M s
u : CIlamkstV kaksMNl;rk
u C
ati

CIkaksMNl;LCIv]sn nigCIRss;. CakarcaM)ac; ksikrRtUvmanerag

snSMCk
I b
M s
u: e nAtampHnImy
Y EdlGacpSMBl
I amk TwkenamstV kaksMNl;
pH)ay nigkaksMNl;rukCati EdlenHCaeragcRkplitCIFmCatitam

RKYsaredaycMNayTuntic b:Eu nTTYl)anpleRcIn. CIFmCatiEdlTTYl

)anBILCIv]sn KWmanKuNPaBl nig)ansmab;emeraKbgCMgW nigRKab;

esA EdlGacqgraldaldl;dMNaMRsUv. dUecH RbCaksikrEdlman

lTPaB KYrykcitTukdak;kgkarsagsg;LCIv]sntamRKYsar BIeRBaH

vapl;RbeyaCn_eRcIn KWGacsnSMCIFmCati)aneRcIn nigmanKuNPaBx<s;
eFVI[brisanCMuvj
i pHsat

manGnamy

nigdutbMPWpHenAeBlyb;eTotpg.

nigpl;CIv]snsRmab;kardaMs

CIkb
M s
u: KYreRbICaCIRTab;)atkg
brimaNBI 3-10 etan kg
1hikta

edayPrlubPameRkayeBldak;CIrYc

edIm,IeCosvagkar)at;bg;sarFatu

ciBawm. ksikrkGaceRbICIkMb:us Bukpuyl sRmab;dak;bMb:ndMNaMRsUv

enAkg
vKlUtlas; pgEdr .

cMeBaHTRnanExRt nigCIRss;epSgeTot eKGaceRbIvaCaCIRTab;)at

pg nigCIbb
M n
: pg edayciRBaaC
M akMNat;tc
U munnwgdak;ERs. sENk)ay
CaCIbtgdsMxan;sRmab;CYybegInCICatidIpg

nigCadMNaMsRmab;pl;

R)ak;cMNUlbEnmdl;ksikrpg tamrykardaMbgVilenAedIm nigenAcug

rdUveFVIERs. enAedImrdUvvsSa ksikrKYrdaMsENk)aykgdIERs eRBaHva

RtUvkarTwktic

ehIykg
krNIcaM)ac;eTIbeyIgeFVk
I areRsacRsBbEnmbnc
i

bncBIRbPBTwkEdlman dUcCaRsH nigGNgCaedIm. enAeRkayeBl

RbmUlplRsUvvsSa

ksikrGacdaMsENk)ayedayeRbIseM NImEdlenA

sl;BIrdUvvsSa nigTwksenSIm b eFVk

I areRsacRsBbEnmbnc
i bnc
Etb:eu NaH.
elIsBIenHeTAeTot eKGacdaMsENk)ayenAeRkayeBlRbmUlplRsUv

32

rdUvR)aMg tamrykarbukdaMedaymincaM)ac;Pr dI. BUCsENkEdldaMeRkay

eBlRbmUlplRsUv KYrCaBUCmanGayukalxI ehIyFn;RTaMng
w PaBraMgst
.
m:ageTot Kl;CRBaaMgKWCaRbPBCIFmCatidsMxan;sRmab;RTRTg;CI
CatidI. ehtuenH ksikrminRtUvdutKl;CRBaaMgecaleT. Cakarl RtUvPr
lubKl;CRBaaMgeRkayeBlRbmUlplRsUvrYc. ksikrPaKeRcInmin)anPr
lubKl;CRBaaMgeRkayeBlRbmUlpleLIy

KWTukrhUtdl;manePgFak;

enAEx ]sPa eTIbPr lub ehIyxHeTotdutKl;CRBaag

M ecalEtmg. kareFVI
EbbenH CRBaaMgmYycMENkFMRtUv)at;bg; Bukpuy ehIrtamxl; nig)at;
TaMgRsug kgkrNIePIgeqH bdutbMpajecal.

karsnSMCIFmCati

kareRbIR)as;CI
edIm,I[kareRbIR)as;Cm
I anRbsiTP
aBx<s; RtUvKitelIcMNucmYycMnYn

33

dUcxageRkam
- eRbIR)as;RbePTCI[)anRtwmRtUv nigRsbtamtRmUvkarrbs;dMNaM
RsUv
- eBlevlasmRsbsRmab;)acCIbb
M n
: KWeFVeI LIgenAeBlRBwkRBlwm
frH KWeBlGs;TwksenSImenAelIswkRsUv

niglacenAcenaH

BIem:ag 4-5 lac eBlGakasFatuRtCak;lm.

- RtUvsMGatesAkgERs[)ansatCamun ehIyR)akdfa enAkg
ERsmanTwksmlm

kareRbICIFmCatiCamUldan pl;GtRbeyaCn_dUcxageRkam

- eFVI[dIFUr nigbegInsmtPaBcab;Twk nigrkSasarFatuciBawmkgdI

)anyUr

- eFVI[dIsMbUrBBYkGtisuxumR)aN nigbegInsarFatumemakkgdI
RsTab;elI

- ksikrGackat;bnycMNayelIkarTijCIKImI

- kat;bnykareRbIR)as;CIKImIEdleKeCOfa GaceFVI[b:HBal;dl;
brisan CaBiesskarERbRbYlGakasFatu

- ksikrTTYl)anR)ak;cMNUlbEnm tamrykardaMdMNaMbgVil
- dMNaMRsUvlUtlas;)anl pl;Tinplx<s;
plitkm.

ksikrGaceRbIR)as;CK
I m
I b
I Enm

nigmannirnrPaB

enAkg
krNIkarplC
; F
I mCatimn
i RKb;

RKan;eTAtamtRmUvkarrbs;dMNaMRsUv. kareRbIR)as;CIKImI KWRtUvGnuvt tam

beckeTsRtwmRtUv eday)acCIEdlmansarFatucB
i am
w RbePTpUsrV CaCIRTab;
)at bbMb:nelIkTI1 eRkaysgcMnYn 10-15 f ehIysarFatuciBawm

RbePTGasUt

N nigb:tU asm K CaCIbbM n:

enAdMNak;kalEbkKum< nig

enAdMNak;kalkekItkYr. cMeBaHbrimaNEdlRtUveRbI ERbRbYlGaRsytam

34

lkxNCICatidI nigsanPaBlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRsUv. KYrykkMritsar

FatucB
i am
w Edl)anENnaMsRmab;dN
M aMRsUv enAtMbn;Tn
M abrMBg
w TwkePgrbs;

viTasanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<Ca sRmab;eFVICaeKalehIyRtUv

eFVIkarBiesaFn_sakl,gbnkgtMbn; edIm,IkMNt;kMritsarFatuciBawm nig

brimaNCIsmRsbbMput sRmab;eRbIR)as;kgERsrbs;xn.

RtUvcgcaMfa kareRbIR)as;CIFmCati eFVI[KuNPaBdIkan;EtlRbesIr

BImYyqaMeTAmYyqaM ehIyeFVI[dImanCIvit nigsMbUrCICati. b:uEnpyeTAvij

ebIeyIgeRbICIKImI edayKankareRbICIFmCatilaypSMkgkMriteRcIn ryeBl

yUrnwgeFVI[dIxUcKuNPaB ehIyTinplRsUvfycuH. m:ageTot kardak;CI

minRKb;RKan;tamtRmUvkar

eFVI[RsUvduHlUtlas;exSay

bMpajBIsmasPaBcRg nigpl;TinplTab.

qab;TTYlrgkar

> karRKb;RKgTwk

VII

pl;TwkRKb;RKan; tRmUvbnan; tamdMNak;kal

TwkCaFnFancaM)ac;kg
plitkmdN
M aMRsUv. TwkedIrtYnaTIds
x
M an;enA

kgdMeNIrlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMdUcCa

eFVI[rukCatiFn;nwgkMedAtamrykar

bMPaycMhayTwkecjBIpswk CaPak;garkgdMeNIrrsIsMeyaK RBmTaMg

sRmbsRmYldl;karRsUb nigdwkCBan
sarFatucB
i am
w . m:ageTotkm<sT
; k
w
kg
ERsmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwglTPaBEbkKum<rbs;RsUv

35

nigkarlUtlas;

rbs;esAcRg. dUecH karRKb;RKgTwk KWCaktacMbg EdlksikrRtUvyk

eFVIERs
citTukdak;kgplitkmdMNaMRsUv RsbtamsuPasitExreBalfa eFV

nwgTwkeFVIswknwg)ay
)ay .

tRmUvkarTwkrbs;dN
M
aMRsUvERbRbYlxusKaGaRsyelIBC
U nigvKlt
U

las;. BUCRsUvcMkarRtUvkarTwktic. kardaMdHu RsUvRbePTenH eFVeI LIgeday

KanRbBnPW nigBwgEpkelITk
w ePg bkareRsacRsBdUcdMNaMck
M ardTeTot
. mYyEpkFMnBUCRsUvcMkar
eRsacRsBmin[eCaKCaMeBk KWRtwmesImdIlm

mankarlUtlas;exSay nigpl;TinplTabenAkglkxNmanTwkeRcIn

]TahrN_ BUCsIt
u a ramekr nigBUCkg
RsukepSgeTot. cMENkBUCRsUvTMnab
BwgTwkePg dUcCa parMdl
Y
raMgCy xa4 pacnE snsr nigBUCRsUvR)aMgdUcCa

GuEI Gr66 EsnBiedar Clsar CaBUCRsUvRtUvkarTwkmFm beRcIn EdlTamTar

[manRbBnP
m
W aMl ehIyCaBiesstRmUv[manRbBne RsacRsBEfmeTot.

karerobcMRbBnTwk nigCIkRsHEk,rERs

edIm,Isg
RsUvTMnabBwgTwkePg nigRsUvR)aMgedayeRbIsN
M abxI edImTab

RsbtambeckeTs TwkkgERs KYrrkSakgkMrit 1-5 s>m. kgkrNI

TwkRKb;RKan; enAkg
dMNak;kalEbkKum< KYrrkSaTwk
manRbBnb
eBajbBal

kg
ERskm<sR; bmaN 2-5 s>m. enAkg
GMLg
eBlnvKlt
U las; ksikr

36

KYrTukERs[stTwkkgryeBlBI 2-3f eTIbbBalTwkCafI sRmab;

ERsEdlmanRbBneRsacRsBRtwmRtUv edIm,I[RbBnbsrbs;RsUvlUt

las;l nigEbkKum)
< aneRcIn. RtUveCosvagkarbgr TwkecjBIERs enAeBl

EdleRKaHraMgstTMngnwgekItmaneLIg. cab;BIdMNak;kalkekItkYrdl;

dMNak;kaldak;TwkedaH RsUvRtUvkarTwkCaRbcaM edIm,IbegInsmasPaK

ERsy:agehacNas;BI 5-10s>m
Tinp
l. dUecH ksikrRtUvEfrkSaTwkkg

CaBiessenAcugrdUvvsSaCitGs;TwkePg RsbtamdMbUnanrbs;Rkmg:uy
ktk
i Fak;xl; tmlT
; k
w enA ebIcg;)anRsUv eRscnUvRtwmEf . elIsBIenH
kt

eTAeTot sRmab;ERsTMnabBwgTwkePg EdlKanRbBneRsacRsB ksikr

KYrCIkRsHTMhM 20m x 10m bRtUvCIkRbLayTTwg 1m CuvM j

i ERs edIm,Ipk

TwksRmab;CYyseRgaHenAeBlCYbraMgstkgryeBlxI ehIyGacciBawm

stV nigkarciBawmRtI bRbmUlRtIFmCati)aneTotpg.

CaTUeTAkarRKb;RKgTwk)anl mansarRbeyaCn_dUcxageRkam
- ksikrcMeNjfvikaEdlRtUvcMNaykgkareRsacRsB
- kat;bnycMNayelIkareFVIesA

- dMNaMlUtlas;)anl EbkKum<eRcIn nigpl;Tinplx<s;

- kat;bnyhaniPykgkarxVHTwkEdlGaceFVI[RsUvgab; bsk .

37

> karRKb;RKgsmasPaBcRg

VIII

viFancRmuH Gnuvt\texaH karBardMNaM

smasPaBcRgsMxan;rbs;dN
M aMRsUv rYmmanesAcRg stVcRg

nigCMgWbMpajdMNaM. CaTUeTA edIm,IRKb;RKgsmasPaBcRgRbkbeday

RbsiTPaB ksikrRtUvGnuvttamviFIsaRsdUcteTA

- RtUveRbIvF
i s
I aRsdaMdHu dUcCa kareRCIserIsBUCFn; karerobcMd)
I anl
kardaMdMNaMRsbeBlKa nigdaMdMNaMqas;CaedIm

- RtUvRtYtBint
i vtmanstVbp
M a jdMNaM nigvtmanstVmanRbeyaCn_

kgERs[)anCaRbcaMedIm,IEsVgyl;BItulPaB

- RtUveRbIviFIsaRsemkanic edIm,IRKb;RKgktacRg dUcCakarcab;

edayd eRbIGnak; nigkareRbIGgb;
- eRbIfaMpSMBIrukCatiCaedIm.

kgkrNImankarpHraldalstVbMpajdMNaM ehIyral;viFankar

xagelIminGacTb;sat;)an ksikrRtUveRbIviFankarKImIEdlCaCeRmIscug

eRkay. kareRbIR)as;vF
i ankarKImI RtUvGnuvteTAtambTdanbeckeTsRtwmRtUv

edayeFVk
I arBiPakSaCamunCamYyGkbeckeTsEdlmanCMnaj

nigbTBiesaFn_

c,as;las;. TnwmnwgenaH ksikrRtUvKitKUrdl;suvtiPaBpal;xn Rkum

i lGaRkk;
RKYsar GkCitxag stVBahn nigRbBnb
risa nEdlTTYlrg\TB

BIsarFatuKImI .

8>1> esAcRg

k> smaPaBcRg nigcMNat;fak;

esAcRg KWCaRbePTrukCatiTaMgLayNaEdlduHenAkgERs ehIy

RbkYtRbECgdl;karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRsUv.

esAcRgEckecjCa3

RbePT KWBBYkesAswktUc esAswkFM nigBBYkkk;. kgcMeNamesATaMg3

RbePTxagelI BBYkesAswktUcdeNImCICatiBIRsUvxaMgCageK.

38

BBYkesAswktUc

BBYkesAswkFM

BBYkesAkk;

esAcRgman\TiBl GviCmandl;dMNaMRsUv dUcCaRbECgRsUbyk

sarFatuciBawm BnWRBHGaTit xl;Gakas nigTwk RBmTaMgeFVICaCRmkdl;

stVlitcRg nigCMgWbMpajdMNaMRsUvEfmeTot. dUecHebIcg;eFVIERsTTYl

)anTinplx<s; ksikrRtUvykcitTukdak;kMcat;esAkgERs[)ansatl

FVEIV RsRtUvemIlesA Tukdak;kn

U ecA RtUvemIl
RsbtamsuPasitExreBalfa eFV

epAsNan.
n

esAcgmanduHeRcInkg
ERsNa EdlerobcMdm
I n
i )anRtwmRtUv CaBiess

ERsEdlekordIminesI Rtg;kEngKanTwk. RKab;esA GacqgBIERsmYyeTA

ERsmYyeTot)an tamryRKab;BC
U RsUvminsat tamxl; tamlamkstV
nigskmPaBepSgrbs;mnusS.

x> viFankarRKb;RKgesAcRg

edIm,IRKb;RKgesAcgRbkbedayRbsiTPaB ksikrKYrGnuvttam
viFIsaRsdUcxageRkam

- RtUvPr das;dI enAeBlmansMeNImRKb;RKan;

-RtUvsMGatRKab;BC
U RsUv[)ansat

39

Gs;RKab;esAcRg

- erobcMdEI Rs[)ansat nigrabesI

- eFVeI sAbMps
u dI y:agtic[)an 2

dg edayd b]bkrN_eFVeI sA.

kareFVeI sAbMps
u dIelIkTI1 enA15

feRkaysg
CakargarsMxan;bp
M t
u

BIeRBaHvaCYy[dIps
u manxl;ecj

cUl eFVI[bsRsUvlUtlas;l.
cMENkkareFVIesAbMpusdIelIkTI2
KYreFVIenAeBlmanesAduHeRcInlm
benA 15 f bnab;BIeFVIelIkTI1.
ksikrPaKeRcIn minsUvyk
citT
k
u dak;kc
M at;esA[Tan;eBlev
laeTedayTuk[esAduHeRcIneTIb

kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_eFVIesA

cat;vF
i ankar. karcat;vF
i ankaryWt

eFV[
I lM)aksmab;esA ehIykarduHlUtlas;dN
M aMRsUv)anRtUvcuHexSayeday
saresAe)ak. ksikrRtUvkmat;esA[)anTan;eBlevlaenAeBlEdlesAe
TIbEtduHtic nigenAtUceTIbCakarRbesIr.

40

8>2> CMgWelIdMNaMRsUv
k> sBaaNTUeTAndMNaMRsUv

CMgW KWCadMeNIrminRbRktImy
Y EdleFV[
I rukC
atimanrbYs bCadMeNIr

minRbRktInRbtikmKm
I C
I vI EdleFV[
I mandMeNIrkarxusFmta. CMgRW tUv)an

kt;smal;edayeraKsBaa nigdMeNIrbERmbRmYlnkarlUtlas;rbs;ruk
Cati.

manPak;garCaeRcInEdlCaPak;gareTal

bPak;garcRmuHbgCMgW

eTAelIdMNaMRsUv. Pak;garbgCMgWTaMgenaH GacCaPak;garmanCIvit nigPak;

garKanCIvit. Pak;garmanCIvitEdlbgCMgWqg ehAfa

:emeraK : EdlrYm

man)ak;etrI pSit vIrus nigeNm:atUdCaedIm. Pak;garKanCIvt

i KWbgCaCMgm
W n
i

qgEdlrYm mankarelIs bxVHsarFatuciBawm karBulsarFatuKImI nigkarrg

rbYsedayemkanicCaedIm.

CMgWEdlbgedayPak;garmanCIvitekIteLIg

edaybgk
M ta3 EdlehAfalkNRtIekaNCMgW KWPa k;garbgCg
M W emeraK

lkxNGakasFatu nigCRmk. CMgWmYyGacekIteLIgxaMgka)an luHRta

EtemeraKsahav CMrkqab;TTYlrgCMgW nigGakasFatuGeM Naypl. dUecH
edIm,ITb;sat;karkekItCMgWFn;FrelIdMNaMRsUv

ksikrRtUvmanviFankareFVI

y:agNakat;bnyPaBGMeNaypldl;bgMTaMgbIenH.

41

x> viFankarTb;sat; nigkmat;CMgWRsUv

CaTUeTA CMgWEdlmankarlUtlas;yt
W gayRsYlRKb;RKgCagCMgW

EdllUtlas;qab;rhs ehIyCakarlM)akNas; kg
karRKb;RKgCMgEW dl
mankarqgraldalelOn. munnwgseRmcciteRbIviFankarkmat;NamYy
ksikrKb,IvaytmGMBIRbsiTP
aBesdkc
i

nig\TB
i lelIRbBnb
risa n

dMNaMRsUv. xageRkamenHKWCaviFankarbgar nigviFankarkmat;sMxan;eTA

tamRbePTnCMgW

viFankarbgar nigkmat;CMgWbgeLIgedayBBYkpSit

- RtUverobcMdI[)anl Prras;[sBVl nighaldI[st edIm,I

smab;pSit

- eRbIR)as;BC
U RsUvEdlFn;RTaMng
w CMgW nigRKab;BC
U EdlminekItCMgW

- smab;emeraKpSitelIRKab;BUC muneBlykeTAdaM edayhalnwg

kMedAf bRtaMTwkekA]N

- RbmUlecal nigdutbMpajkaksMNl;rukCatiEdlekItCMgW

- kmat;esA nigrukCatiEdlCaCRmkrbs;CMgW nigPak;garcmg

- ecosvagkareRbIR)as;CG
I asUt nigfaC
M rM j
u karlUtlas;elIskMrt
i
- eRbIR)as;faMsmab;pSitRtwmRtUvtambeckeTs
- eFVIGnamyERs eRkayeBlRbmUlpl.

viFankarbgar nigkmat;CMgWbgeLIgeday)ak;etrI
viFankarPaKeRcInkg
karkmat;Cg
M b
W geday)ak;etrI

eRbIR)as;BUCRsUvFn;nwg)ak;etrI
nig

KWGnuvtedaykar

kareRbIR)as;RKab;BUCEdlminmanpkCMgW

eRbIR)as;vF
i ankarepSgeTotrYmman

kardaMdN
M aMqa s;

kareFVG
I namy

ERs EdlmanlkNRbhak;RbEhlKa nigviFankarkmat;CMgWpSitEdr.

viFankarbgar nigkmat;CMgWbgeLIgedayvIrus

mkdl;bcb,n eKenAminTan;rkeXIjfaMKImINamYyEdleRbIman

RbsiTPaB elICMgWEdlbgeLIgedayBBYkvIrus enAeLIyeT. xageRkam

enH KWCaviFankarbgar nigkmat;edayRbeyal

42

- eRbIR)as;BUCRsUvEdlFn;RTaMnwgCMgW

- eRbIR)as;RKab;BUCEdlminmanpkCMgWvIrus

- kMcat;Pa k;garcmgCaBiessBBYkmmac nigstVsRuI sUvEdlman

RbGb;mat;CBak;epSgeTot

- RbmUl nigbMpajecalnUvedImRsUvEdl)anrgkarbMpajeday
CMgWvIrus.

K> RbePTCMgWsMxan;elIdMNaMRsUv

CMgWelIdMNaMRsUvsMxan; EdlelIkmkbgajCUnrYmmanCMgWGuc

etat )as; rlYyRsTbsk

w rlakRsTbsk
w RseBansk
w qt
sk
w etOesA

etOrYjsk
w Tg;eRKa kgVHGasUt kgVHpUsrV kgVHm:t
U asm nigBulCatiEdk.

CMgWGucetat

CMgeW nH bgeLIgedayemeraKpSut
i eQaH Helminthosporium oryzae.

vabgCasamGucBNetatdUcRKab;lenAelIswk nigenAelIRKab;. CMgWenH

M eW nH
ekIteLIgcMeBaHERsxSt;CC
I atiGasUt N nigERsEdlKanTwk. b:Eu nCg

min)anbg[mankar)at;bg;TinplRsUvFn;FreT.

eraKsBanCMgWGucetat

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkmat;CMgWGucetatmandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BUCEdlFn; edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarratt,atrbs;pSit

- eRbITwkekA 53-54GgSaes RtaMRKab;BUCryeBl10-12naTI

edIm,IsMGatRKab; nigsmab;emeraK muneBlykeTAdaM

- eRbIR)as;C[
I mantulPaBeTAtamtRmUvkarndMNak;kallUtlas;

43

rbs;dMNaMRsUv

- RKb;RKgTwkkgERs[)anlRbesIr Edly:agehacNas; rkSa

dIERs[esImCanic edIm,I[RsUvmanlTPaBRsUbykCICatiBIkg
dI nigGacEbkKum<)aneRcIn

- eCosvageRbIR)as;CG
I asUt kg
brimaNeRcInhYsenAdMNak;kal

dMbUg ehIyxVHxatenAeBleRkayEdlnaM[ekItCMgWGucetatelI
RKab;RsUvkan;x<s;

- GaceRbIR)as;fa s
M mab;pSit enAdMNak;kalEbkKum< nigcugdMNak;
kalepIm edayBiPakSaCamYyGkkeTs.

CMgW)as;

CMgWenHbgeLIgedayemeraKpSuiteQaH Pyricularia oryzae. vaekIt

maneLIgenAelIERsEdlmansarFatuciBawmeRcIn CaBiesselIssarFatu
GasUt. CMgeW nH bg[rlaksk
w RsUv rlakedImEdleFV[
I RsUv)ak;fa g
M nig
rlakkkYr)ak;xUc.

eraKsBaanCmW)as;elIswk edIm nigkYr

44

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkmat;CMgW)as;mandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BUCFn;; EdlGacTb;Tl;nwgkarratt,atrbs;pSiteRBaH
vamanRbsiTPaBesdkicx<s;bMput

- eFVIkardaMduH[)anedImrdUvbnab;BIePgFak; nigeCosvagkardaMduH
Rkas;eBk

- daMduHRsUvCaCYredIm,ImanBnWf nigxl;eclcUl)anlEdlGac
kat;bnykarkekItCMgW

- eCosvagkareRbIR)as;CeI lIskMrt
i CaBiessRbePT CIGasUt nig
CICMrujkarlUtlas;

- rMElkCIGasUt rYc)actamdMNak; GaRsytamtRmUvkarCak;Esg

rbs;dMNaMRsUv

- kgkrNIviFankarxagelIminGacTb;Tl;)an CeRmIscugeRkay
GaceRbIR)as;fa k
M mat;pSitRbePTRCabcUlCaRbBn edayBiPakSa
CamYyGkkeTs.

CMgWrlYyRsTbswk

CMgeW nH bgeLIgedayemeraKpSut
i eQaH Sarocladium Oryzae. vabg

[mansamrlakBNetatRbepHenAelIRsTbswk CaBiessswkTg;Cy

eFVI[RsUvminGacecjkYr)an becj)anEtmYycMENk nigbNal[RsUv

mindak;RKab;. kYrRsUvEdlecjminputenaH nwgrlYyehIymanpSitemSA

CaeRcInduHenAxagkg
RsTbsk
w ehIyEpknkYrRsUvEdlecjputenaH Gac
dak;RKab;mineBjeljl.

eraKsBaanCmWrlYyRsTbswk

45

nigkYr

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkMcat;Cg
M rW lYyRsTbsk
w mandUcxageRkam

- lcenaHKum< bdg;seuI tedImRsUv[)ansmrmedayeFVy

I a: gNakM[
u
ekokKa bENneBk eRBaHvaeFV[
I CMgg
W aykekIt nigraldal

- eRbIR)as;CIb:Utasm enAdMNak;kalEbkKum< edIm,IeFVI[Calika

edIm nigswkRsUvrwg

- eRbIR)as;kal;smsulpat nigsgsI eday)aj;elIswkenA

dMNak;kalEbkKum<

M RsUvEdlekItCMgW nigkmat;
- eFVG
I namyERs edaysMGatKl;CRBaag
esAcRg edIm,Ikat;bnykarqgCMgW

- kgkrNIekItCMgWeRcIn eRbIfaMsmab;pSitelIswk enAdMNak;kal

epImedayBiPakSaCamYyGkkeTs.

CMgWrlakRsTbswk

CMgWrlakRsTbswk bgeLIgedayemeraKpSuiteQaH

Rhizoctonia

solani. eraKsBaaCMgWdMbUg KWmansamGucBNRbepH btgPav ekItman

enAelIRsTbsk
w enAEk,rpTk
w . samGucmanragBgRkeBI RbEvgRbEhl

1 s>m rYcrIkFMrhUtdl;RbEvg 2-3 s>m nig rlaycUlKaEtmg. EKm

nsamrlak nigBNGac[eKdwgBIcMNucepSgKansamrlak. kg

lkxNmansMeNImsmRsb tYswkEdlb:HnwgedIm ekItCMgWkRtUvqgem

eraKpgEdr. eraKsBaaTaMgenH CaTUeTAelceLIgya:gc,as;enAdMNak;

kalRsUvecjpa nigRsUvTMu. kgkrNIkarratt,atFn;Fr vaeFVI[kardak;

bMeBjRKab;rbs;RsUvfycuH.

sBaa nigeraKsBaanCMgW rlakRsTbswk

46

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkmat;Cg
M rW lakRsTbsk
w mandUcxageRkam
- lcenaHKum< bdg;seuI tedImRsUv[)ansmrm edayeFVy
I a: gNakMu
[ekokKa bENneBk eRBaHvaeFVI[CMgWgaykekIt nigraldal
- eRbIR)as;CIGasUt[RtUvtamtRmUvkarrbs;dMNaMRsUv nigeCosvag
kar)aj;CICMrujkarlUtlas;eRcIn
- eFVG
I namyERsedaysMGatKl;cRi Baag
M RsUvEdlekItCMgW esAcRg
edIm,Ikat;bnykarqgCMgW
- kgkrNImanekItCMgWeRcIn eRbIR)as;faMsMlab;pSitedayBiPakSa
CamYyGkkeTs.

CMgWRseBanswk
CMgRW seBansk
w
bgeLIgeday)ak;etrI. eraKsBaanCMgeW nH KWenA
elIswk mansamrlakBNelOgeTABNs dUcsamCaMTwkenAtamEKmtY
swk. samrlakenH GacekItmanenAelIEKmswkmag bTaMgsgxag b
enAkEngepSgntYsk
w EdlrgkarbMpa j

nigGacraldaleBjtYsk
w TaMg

mUl. )ak;etrIGaceRCotcUlenAeBlsk
w edIm nigbs manrgrbYs CaBiess
enAeBldksMNab eBlsg nigeBlmankarbMpajrbs;stVcRg.
RbPBrbs;)ak;etrIenH KWmanenAkg
cMebIg Kl;CBaag
M RsUvduHmYrEdl
manpk
emeraK RKab;RsUv nigesAcRgEdlCaCRmkrbs;va. )ak;etrI Gacqg
tamryTwksenSIm TwkeRsacRsB TwkePg TwkCMnn; nigxl;bk;xaMg.
kareRbIkrM t
i CIGasUtx<s; eFV[
I )ak;etrIraldalkan;Etxag
M CaBiessenAkEng
EdleRbIR)as;BUCRsUvminFn;RTaM.

47

sBaa nigeraKsBaanCMgWRseBanswk

viFankarTb;sat; nigkmatCMgWRseBanswkmandUcxageRkam
- eRbIR)as;BUCFn; EdlGacTb;Tl;nwgkarratt,atrbs;CMgW
- eFVG
I namyERs dUcCakmat;ecalnUvesAcRg cMebIg nigRsUvduHmYr
EdlCaCRmknCMgW
- rkSaTwkrak;enAelIfalsMNab edayeFVIcgrbeNaHTwkenAeBl
manePgFak;xaMg
- Pr dIhal[)anst
l

eRkayeBlRbmUlplRsUvrYcedIm,Ismab;

emeraK
- eRbIR)as;CI[mantulPaB CaBiessCI GasUt
- RtUvlcenaHKum< bdg;seuI tedIm[)ansmrm edayecosvagsg

ekokeBk beRBaHRKab;Rkas;eBk.

CMgWqtswk

CMgWenHbgeLIgeday)ak;etrI

b:ueNaH.

EdlCaFmtamanEtenAelItYswk

eraKsBaaelceLIgCasamrlaktUcmansPaBfaenAcenaH

48

srsEv:nnswk. eBlCMgWvivteLIg eXIjsamrlakenHrIkFM ehIyERb

CaBNetat nigraldalBaseBjsrsEv:n EdlGacbNal[sk

w RsUv

gab;. )ak;etrIGaccUleTAkgedImRsUv)antamrysamrbYs btamry

Rbehagekasika. cMNucsmal;Biessrbs;CMgWenH KWvtmandMNk; b

RKab;GgarM bs;)ak;etrI nwgelcecjeLIgenAelIpsk

w . ePgFak; xl;bk;
CaktaCYydl;karqgraldalrbs;CMgWenH.

sBaa nigeraKsBaaCMgWqtswk

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkmat;CMgWqtswkmandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BUCFn; EdlGacTb;Tl;nwgkarbMpajrbs;CMgW

- eRbIR)as;TwkekA edIm,IsMGatRKab;BYC nigsmab;emeraK munnwg

ykeTAdaMduH

- eRbIR)as;C[
I mantulPaB edayeCosvagkareRbIR)as;CG
I asUteRcIn

- lcenaHKum< bdg;seuI tedIm[)ansmRsbedayeCosvagkardaM

duHjwkeBk

- PrhaldIbnab;BIRbmUlplRsUvrYc edIm,Ismab;emeraK

- eFVIGnamyERs dUcCa kmat;ecalnUvRsUvduHmYr nigKl;ciRBaaMg

edIm,IbMpajRbPBCMgW

49

- eFVIcgrbeNaHTwk CaBiessenAdMNak;kalsMNab.

CMgWetOesA

CMgeW nH bgeLIgedayBBYkvIrs
u . edImEdlekItCMgm
W anlkNRkin

xaMg EbkKum<eRcInhYsRbmaN emIleTAdUcKum<esA. swkRsUvmanragerov

tUcxIeLIgrwg manBNbtgesk nigCYnkalmansamGucBNERcH.

RsUvekItCMgeW nH enArs;FmtarhUtdl;TuM buE: nbegt

I kYrtictYcNas;. kYrEdl
ecjmkmanTMhMtUcBNetat nigmindak;RKab; sk. enAeBlCMgWekIt

manenAcugvKlUtlas; eraKsBaanCMgWenHGacminelceLIgenAmuneBl
RbmUlpleT b:Eu nGacnwgelcecjenAelIExgEdlduHlUtlas;f.
I Pak;gar
cmgCMgWetOesA KWstVmmacetat.

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkMcat;CMgWetOesAmandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BC
U EdlFn;ng
w Pak;gar
bgeraK nigPak;garcmgeraK
stVmmacetat

- eRbIR)as;C[
I mantulPaB eday
eCosvagkareRbIR)as;CIGasUt
eRcIn EdlnaM[Tak;TajstV
mmacetat

- dkedImRsUvEdlekItCMgB
W k
I g
ERs
rYcbMpajecaj

sBaa nigeraKsBaaCMgWetOesA

- eRbIR)as;viFankarcRmuHedIm,I

RKb;RKgstVmmacetat EdlCaPakgarcmgCMgW.

CMgWetOrYjswk

CMgWenH bgeLIgedayBBYkvIrs
u
. edImRsUvEdlekItCMgeW nH man

sPaBRkin. eraKsBaaepSgeTot ERbRbleTAtamdMNak;kallUtlas;

rbs;dMNaMRsUv. eraKsBaasMxan;Edlelcecj enAvKlUtlas; KWswk

50

RsUveLIgrmYlrYj. eKGacsegteXIjEKmswkRsUvmansPaBreqj

rquj b mansPaBdac;rEhkenAmuneBlsk
w cab;epm
I la. CaTUeTA enAelI

pswkrYj mansPaB)at;bg;CatiBNbtg KWswkERbeTACaBNelOg

bBNelOgetat.

karekItCMgWetOrYjswk eFVI[srsEv:nenAelIswkeLIge)a:g man

BNelOgRBElt bBNseTABNetatcas;manRbEvg 1-10 m>m TTwg

0/2-1m>m ehIye)a:gputBIpswk 0/1-1m>m. enAcugdMNak;kallUt

las; sk
w RsUvmanlkNx
I
nigrmYlxUcRTg;RTay ehIyRsUvEdlman
swkTg;CyrYj ecjpayWt nigecjkYrmineBjlkN. CMgWetOrYjswk
eFVI[TinplRsUv)at;bg;ya:gxaMg.

etat. viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat;

vIrusRtUv)ancmgedaysarstVmmac

nigkmat;CMgWetOrYjswkmandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BUCEdlFn;nwgPak;gar
bgeraK nigPak;garcmgeraK

- eRbIR)as;CI[mantulPaB eday

eCosvagkareRbIR)as;;CIGasUteRcIn
EdlnaM[Tak;TajstVmmacetat

- dkedImRsUvEdlekItCMgWBIkgERs
rYcbMpajecal

- eRbIR)as;viFankarcRmuH

edIm,I

RKb;RKgstVmmacetatEdlCa

Pak;garcmgCMgW.

sBaa nigeraKsBaaCMgWetOrYjswk

CMgWTg;eRKa

CMgT
W g;eRKa bgeLIgedayvIrs
u ehIyBBYkmmacCBaks
; k
w KWCaPak;gar

cmgEdlkgenaHmmacexov

KWCaPak;garcmgxaMgCageK.

karcmg

emeraK KWekIteLIgbnab;BIkarcucCBak;swkRsUvEdlekItCMgWrYc stVliteTA

cucCBaks
; k
w RsUvnedImRsUvepSg. edImRsUvekItCMgW mansPaBRkin cMnn
Y

51

edImEbkmankarfycuH

ehIyRsTbsk
w nigtYsk
w rYjx.
I tYsk
w xEI dlmin

Tan;rlaRtUv)anekabCab; edayRsTbsk
w xageRkA nigsk
w rmYl bmrU tic.
swkERbBNBIbtgeTAelOgxI elOgTwkRkUc nigelOgetat edayepImBI

cugsk
w cas;. sk
w RsUvxI PaKeRcInmanBNcRmuH bmanqt
BNbtgesk
s RbEvgxusKa RsbnwgsrsEv:nsk
w . edImRsUvekItCMgW PaKeRcIn
eTAqt

enArs;rhUtdl;TuM EtvaBnareBlecjpa nigBnareBlTM.

u CaFmta kYrRsUv

manTMhMtUc manRKab;es<t nigecjkYrminput EdlnaM[TinplcuHTab.

sBaa nigeraKsBaanCMgW Tg;eRKa

viFankarTb;
ankarTb;sat; nigkmat;CMgWTg;eRKamandUcxageRkam

- eRbIR)as;BUCEdlFn;nwgCMgWTg;eRKa

- Prras; nighaldI[)anRbesIrbnab;BIRbmUlplrYcedIm,IbMpaj
RsUvduHmYr

nigKl;CRBaaMgEdlCaCRmknPak;garbgCMgW

- dkedImRsUvEdlekItCMgWBIkgERs rYcbMpajecal.

CMgWkgVHsarFatuGasUt

kgVHsarFatuGasUt KWelcecjnUvsBaa nigeraKsBaaxusKaeTA

tamGayukalrbs;dN
M aMRsUv. kgVHGasUtenAdMNak;kallUtlas;db
M g
U

52

KWeFV[
I sk
w ERbCaBNelOg bbtgRBElt km<se; dImTab nigEbkKumt
< c
i .

kgkrNIkgVHGasUteRcIn KWeFVI[TMhMswktUc QrRtg;eTAelI ehIyswk

xageRkamgab;. CaFmta kgVHsarFatu GasUtEtgekItmaneRcInenAdMNak;

kalEdlRsUvRtUvkarCIeRcIn dUcCadMNak;kalEbkKum< nigdMNak;kekItkYr.

eraKsBaaRsUvxVHsarFatuGasUt ksegteXIjpgEdrelIswk
edayeFVI[

mansamGucBNetat CMgWGucetat

nigelIRKab;kgkrNIxVHeRcIn.

dMNaMRsUvkgVHsarFatuGasUt

edIm,ITb;sat; nigRKb;RKgbBaakgVHsarFatuGasUt Km,IeRbIR)as;CI

FmCatiRTab;)at[)anRKb;RKan; RKb;RKgTwkkgERs[)anlRbesIrEdl
y:agehacNas;rkSadIERs[esImCanic

nigeRbIR)as;CG
I y
u er:bb
M n
: bEnm

[)anRKb;RKan; CaBiessenAdMNak;kalEbkKum< nigkekItkYr .

CMgWkgVHsarFatupUsVr

sarFatups
U rV CYy[RsUvlUtlas; b s)anl EbkKume< RcIn qab;ecj

pa nigqab;TMu CaBiessenAeBlmansItuNPaBTab. dMNaMRsUvRtUvkar

sarFatups
U rV eRcInenAvKlt
U las;db
M g
U .

CaTUeTAedImRsUvEdlxVHCatips
U rV

karlUtlas;yWt nigmancMnYnRKab;eBjkg 1 kYrtic. kgVHsarFatupUsVreFVI

[edImRsUvmansPaBRkin swktic TMhMtUc manBNbtgcas; QrRtg;

eTAelI nigmancMnn
Y edImEbkKumt
< c
i . sk
w xm
I ankarlUtlas;Fmta ehIy
sk
w xageRkamERbCaBNelOgTMu bBNRkhmsVay. kg
krNImankgVH

53

xatGasUt nigpUsrV kg
eBlEtmYy eFV[
I sk
w manBNbtgsVay nigedIm

RsUvmanlkNravsc
. kgVHCatips
U rV GacekItmanenAelIdG
I asIt
u xag
M dI

sulpatGasIut

nigenAelIdIGal;kaLaMg.

licTwkCagdIst.

pUsVreRcInmanenAelIdIEdl

dMNaMRsUvkgVHsarFatupUsVr

edIm,ITb;sat; nigRKb;RKgbBaakgVHsarFatupUsVr Km,IeRbIR)as;CI

FmCatiRTab;)at[)anRKb;RKan; RKb;RKgTwkkgERs[)anlRbesIrEdl
y:agehacNas;rkSadIERs[esImCanic nigeRbIR)as;CI ed Ga eb: RTab;)at
bbb
M n
: eRkaydaMryeBl 15 f bEnm[)anRKb;RKan;.

CMgWkgVHsarFatubtU: asm

minman\TiBleTAelIkarEbkKum<eT Etvaman\TiBlelIcMnYnEsg

rbs;kYr PaKryRKab;eBjkgmYykYr nigTMgn;RKab;. sarFatub:Utasm

CYy[dMNaMRsUvFn;RTaMnwglkxNGakasFatuminsmRbkb kardYledIm

karbMpajrbs;stVlit nigCMgW. kareRbIR)as;CIb:UtasmmanRbsiTPaB

x<s; KWenAeBlEdlmankareRbIR)as;epSgeTot CaBiessCIGasUt nig

CIpUsVrRKb;RKan;.

kgVHsarFatub:UtasmeFVI[RsUvelcecjnUveraKsBaa

elIswkcas;mun. eraKsBaankgVHxatsarFatub:Utasm KWeFVI[dMNaM

54

RsUvmanBNbtgcas;

ehIyEKmswkmanBNelOgetat

bmansam

rlakenAxagcugswkcas;. kgkrNIxVHsarFatub:UtasmxaMg RsUvman

cugswkBNelOgetat. karERbBN KWcab;BIcugswkrhUtdl;Kl;swk.

eraKsBaanCMgWxVHsarFatub:Utasm

KWRsedogKanwgCMgWTg;eRKaEdr

Et

xusKaRtg;fa CMgT
W g;eRKaekItenAelIEpktUcnERs bekItEtKumx
< H
b:eu NaH

ehIykarxVHsarFatub:Utasmvij KWekItelIERsTMagmUlEtmg.

dMNaMRsUvkgVHsarFatub:Utasm

edIm,ITb;sat; nigRKb;RKgbBaakgVHsarFatub:UtasmKm,IeRbIR)as;

CIFmCatiRTab;)at[)anRKb;RKan; RKb;RKgTwkkgERs[)anlRbesIr
Edly:agehacNas;rkSadIERs[esImCanic nigeRbIR)as;Cb
I t
U: asmsRmab;
RTab;)at bbb
M n
: enAkg
vKlt
U las;[)anRKb;RKan;.

CMgWBulCatiEdk

sBaaCMgWBulCatiEdkenH

TabCageK

KWmancMNuctUcBNetatenAelIsk
w

ehIycab;epm
I ecjBIcg
u sk
w

rYcraldaleBjtYswkTaMgmUl

Edlbnab;mkswkERbeTACaBNRkhmsVay

eTACaBNelOg

bkERb

CaBNelOgTMu. kgkrNIBulCatiEdkxaMg swkRsUvERbeTACaBNetat

ehIyswkEdlenATabCageK kgab;Etmg karlUtlas; nigEbkKum<fy

cuH nigRbBnbsduHminlehIymanBNetatcas;. karBulCatiEdk

enH

bNalmkBIdeI naHCadIGasIt
u

55

manCatiEdkeRcIneBk

niglicTwk.

karBulCatiEdkeFVI[TinplRsUvTab.

dMNaMRsUvBulCatiEdk

viFankaredaHRsaybBaaBulCatiEdkelIdN
M aMRsUv mandUcxageRkam
- eRbIR)as;BUCEdlFn;nwgkarBulCatiEdk

- BnaeBlnkardaMduHrhUtdl;putkMhab;CatiEdk Fe2+eLIgdl;
kMBl
U
eBalKWRtUveFVk
I ardaMdHu yeBl10-20f bnab;Bb
I Bal
Twk

- beBaj nigbBalTwkkugERs[)anjwkjab;edayecosvagkar

rkSaTwkkg
ERsdk;CaRbcaM CaBiess enAelIRbePTdIEdlman

kMhab;CatiEdkx<s; nigsarFatusrIrageRcIn

- eRbIR)as;CI[mantulPaB CaBiessCI N P K nigbEnmCI Mg

- eRbIR)as;kMe)arelIRbePTdIGasIud edIm,IbegIn pH dI

- eCosvagkareRbIR)as;sarFatusrIrageRcIn dUcCalamkstV nig

cMebIgEdlminTan;Bk
u puyl elIdEI dlmankMhab;CatiEdkx<s;
nigkEngEdlBi)akbeBajTwk

- beBajTwkBIkg
ERsryeBlBI 7-10f enABak;kNaldMNak;
kalEbkKum< 25-30f eRkaydaM beRBaH edIm,IlagCatiEdk

kat;bnykarBulCatiEdk kat;bnykarplitemtankgdInigeFVI

[RsUv EbkKum<)anl

- Pr haldIbnab;BRI bmUlplRsUvrYc edIm,I[CatiEdkeFVG

I k
u sId
u km

56

nigkat;bnykarplitCatiemtanenAkgdI .

CMgWBulCatiRb

enAEpkxagcugsk
w RsUvmYycMnn
Y ERbeTACaBNs

ehIybnab;mkeFVI

[swkTaMgmUlERbCaBNs.
TI1 nigbnab;mkswkTI2

eraKsBaaenH ekIteLIg tMbUgenAelIswk

nigcugeRkayekItenAelIbNlEdleFVI[edIm

RsUvTaMgmUlgab;Etmg. cMeBaHkarlUtlas;rbs;edImvijKWmansPaBRkin
ERsTaMgmUlmansPaBmin
nigminsUvEbkKume< hIykarlUtlas; CaTUeTAkg

esK
I a eT. \TB
i lnkarBulCatiRb eFV[
I PaKrydMNH
u RKab;fycuH bs

lUtlas;exSay EbkKum<tic

nigcMnYnRKab;mindak;emSAmaneRcIn

TMgn;

1000 RKab; fycuH nigkMritRbUetGIunkg RKab;fycuH. enAeBlCYbRbTH

bBaaBulCatiRb karxVHsarFatuciBawmmYycMnYnnwgekItmandMNalKapg
Edr dUcCa kgVHpUsVr sgsI Edk nigBulCatibr.

viFankaredaHRsaybBaaBulCatiRbelIdN
M aMRsUv mandUcxageRkam
- eRbIR)as;BUCFn; nigsmRbssRmab;lkxNdImanCatiRb

- bBal
Twkkg
ERsryeBlBI 2-4 s)ah_mn
u nwgeFVk
I ardaMdHu edIm,I
bnSabCatiRbkgERs

- eRbIR)as;CI N P K [)anRKb;RKan;tamtRmUvkarrbs;dMNaMRsUv
CaBiessCI K Etmg

I ekInsarFatu K kg
dI
- eRbIR)as;CF
I mCati edIm,Ibegn
I pH dI nigeFV[

- kg
krNImaneraKsBaankarBulCatiRb RtUvbnSabCatiRbeday
beBajTwkBIkgERs nigbBalTwksabCMnYsvij.

57

8>3 stVkgRbBnbrisandMNaMRsUv
k> RbePTstVcRgsMxan; nigviFankarkMcat;

stVbp
M a jdMNaMRsUvsMxan; rYmman RTIb mmacetat dgv bMBg;kat;

swk dgvsuIrUgedIm dgvmUrswk RswgCBak;TwkedaH segIcexA xgBN

mas nigkNr.

stVRTIb

RTIb CastVlittUcBNexA bMpajdMNaMRsUvenAkgvKlUtlas;

CaBiess bMpajelIsMNab. swkEdlrgkarsIubMpajrmUr st ERbCa

BNetat nigbNal[dMNaMRsUvgab; RbsinebIkarbMpajmansPaBFn;

Fr. swkRsUvrmUr eFVI[mansMeNIm nigkarBarRTIbBIBBYkeRbdaTr. RTIb

ekItmaneRcIn enAeBlmanGakasFatuekAhYtEhgxag
M ehIyERsKanTwk.
viFIsaRssMxan; edIm,IRKb;RKgRTIbman

- eRbIepH)acelIdMNaMRsUvEdlTTYlrgkarbMpaj

i falsMNab bykTwkeTA)aj;elIsk
w RsUv[eCak
- bBal
TwkBnc

- eRbIs,mug bRkma EdlmanCatiGMe)aH edayRClk;Twk[esIm

rYcGUselIfalsmab;cuHeLIg rYcBUtsMlab;stVRTIb.

kUn emcMNas; nigsambMpajrbs;RTIb

58

mmacetat

mmacetatCastVlt
i EdlbMpa jdMNaMRsUvy:agFnF
; r

enAextmy
Y

cMnn
Y kg
RbeTskm<C
a kdc
U CaenARbeTsdTeTot. mmacetatTmak;BgenA

kgCalikaRsTbsk
w RsUvragdUcst
i eck ehIyjas;kg
ryeBl 7-9 f

eRkayBg. kUnmmaclUtlas;edaykarskCa 5 dMNak;kal kg

ryeBl
13-15f eTIbkayCastVeBjvy. stVeBjvyGacrs;)anBI 1-2 s)ah_

ehIyGacBnt
sabEvgenAeBlRsUvTMu

edIm,Ibmas;T.
I

vaCBaky
; krukr sBI

edImRsUvEpkxageRkam ehIyeFVI[dMNaMsVitRseBan eLIgBNelOg nig

gab; RbsinebIKanviFankarTb;sat; nigkMcat;Tan;eBlevla. elIsBIenH

eTot stVmmacetat CaPak;garcmgCMgWetOelOgrYjswk nigetOesA .
viFIsaRsRKb;RKg mmacetatmandUcxageRkam

KYrerobcMfalsMNabenAqayBIGMBUlePIg

KYrdaMduHdMNaM[)anRsbeBlKa

eRbIBUCFn;nwgmmacetat

- eRbIyT
u s
aRseKc edayecosvagkarsab eRBaH bsg
cMeBlRbCakr
-

mmacetateFVIbmas;TImkdl;

eFVIGnamyERs sMGatesAcRg TaMgelIPW nigkgERs

eRbIC[
I )ansmRsb nigmantulPaB eCosvageRbIGasUteRcIn

- kg
krNImanvtmanmmacetateRcIn RtUvBnc
i TwksMNabrYcyk
s,mugGUskmat;mmacetat

- eRbIGnak;ePg
I edIm,IBn
i t
i RbCakrrbs;mmacetat nigcat;vF
i ankar
Tan;eBlevla

- EfrkSastVmanRbeyaCn_ edaykat;bnykareRbIfa B
M l
u KImm
I n
i Rtwm
RtUvtambTdanbeckeTs

U mmackg
krNImanbrimaN
- GaceRbIfa M by
u TIl Butyl edIm,Ikc
M at;kn
eRcIn kg
kMrt
i 3-4 Rkam layCamYyTwk 20 lIRt eday)aj;Tk
w

fal
M ayenH BI 360-400 lIRt sRmab;pdI 1 hikta.

eRbIfa p
M SMBI rMdg sk
w RK sMbkknt
TMBaMg ems sMbkesA lamk

man; nigfaMCk; .l.

59

Bg kUn emeBjvy nigkarbMpajrbs;mmacetat

dgvbMBg;kat;swk

PaKeRcIndgvbMBg;kat;swk bMpajdMNaMRsUvenAkgvKlUtlas; Ca

BiessERs bcEM NknERsEdlmanTwkdk;Cab;. dgv bMBg;kat;sk

w
kat;

swkRsUveFVICabMBg;bENtelIpTwk. dgvenHsIuekasykCalikabtgBI

swkRsUvedaybnSl;TukEtCalikaswkesIg ehIyvanwgERbCaBNsenA
eBlst. karbMpajmanPaBxaMgka enAeBlRsUvsitenAkgdMNak;kal
sMNabrhUtdl;dMNak;kalEbkKum<.

emGMe)AecjeFVIskmPaBEtenA

eBlyb; b:uEnlak;xnkgCMrkeRkamswkdMNaMenAeBlf edIm,Ilak;xnBI

BBYkbkSI nigknMruyeRbdaTr. emcMNas;Bgdak;enApxageRkamnswk

Edl)ak;Fak;eTAkgTwk. vdCIvitdgvbMBg;kat;swk manRbmaN 36f

kgenaH BgryeBl 2-6 f dgv 20 f nigdwkeDO 7 f ehIyemGMe)A

dgv Gacrs;)anBI 4-8 f.

60

dgv emGMe)A nigsambMpajrbs;dgvbMBg;kat;swk

ksikrKYrGnuvtviFIRKb;RKgdgvbMBg;kat;swk dUcteTA

- eRbIfa leKak Gackat;bnykarbMpa jedaydgv bMBg;kat;sk

w enA
dMNak;kalsMNab

- bBal
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w

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M l
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atiEdleFVB
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begItpl.

enAkgvKlUtlas;

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cMENkenAvK

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61

RbePTepSg nemGMe)AdgvsIurUgedIm

sMbukBg dgv nigsambMpajrbs;dgvsIurUgedIm

edIm,IRKb;RKgdgvsIurUgedIm ksikrKYreRbIviFIsaRs dUcxageRkam

eRbIBUCRsUvGayukalxI nigeRbIBUCFn;nwgdgvsuIrUgedIm

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dgv nigdwkeDO

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M k
u Bg eBldksMNab nigeBlyksMNabeTAsg

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- EfrkSastVmanRbeyaCn_ edaykat;bnykareRbIfa B
M l
u KIm.
I kar
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M mab;Bs
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62

dgvmUrswk

dgvmUrswk eRcInbMpajRsUvenAvKlUtlas; nigvKbegItpl Ca

Biess elIRsUvEdldaMeRkammb; nigelIRsUvEdllUtlas;l manswk

eRcIn nigxI . dgv mUrsk

w sIeu kasykCalikabtg rbs;sk
w edaymUreFVI
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w RsUvrhUtdl;R)aMsnk
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M ak;kaldgv

rhUtdl; ekItCadwkeDO. dgv mUrsk

w lak;xn
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Fn;Fr eFVI[b:HBal;dl;TinpleT. vdrbs;stVlitenH manryeBl

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-

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eRcIneBk

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M at;vaselIsk
w RsUvenAeBlfekAxag
M

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)aj;faMBulBMusUvmanRbsiTPaBeT eRBaHdgvenAkgrmUrswkRsUv.

63

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nig

segIcexA

CaRbePTstVlitbMpajdMNaMRsUvTaMgenAvKlUtlas;

vKbegItplrhUtdl;RsUvdak;TwkedaH.

stVeBjvy

nigkUntUc

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_

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- eFVIGnamyERsedaysMGatCRmkrbs;va

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- Bnc
i TwkERs rYceRbIs,mugGUsRbmUlsegc
I exAykmkkemcecal

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- RbmUlsegIcexArYcbuk niglayTwk)aj;elIERsTaMgmUl edIm,I

beNj.

64

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faMCk;

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65

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90

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u p
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viFIsaRsmYycMnYnsRmab;RKb;RKgxgBNmas mandUcteTA

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u g edayGnuvtRbBnk
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- erobcMTivakMcat;xgCashKmn_ rYcRbmUlTij bMpajecal nig

eFVICacMNIstV.

xgBNmas Bg nigkarsIubMpajrbs;va

kNr

kNrsuIbMpa jdMNaMtaMgBIenAkg
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66

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67

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- dak;bB
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; ab;kNr

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u ExgRsak.l.

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kmat;kNr bTijknykNr.

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karkMcat;stVcRgbMpajdMNaM. CaFmta enAkgRbBnbrisandMNaMRsUv

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RbeyaCn_eRcInNas;

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Y kmat;stVcRgkarBarRsUvCUnksikr.

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brisa n

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manrbs;stVTaMgenaHeRcIn.

karEsVgyl;BIRbePTstVmanRbeyaCn_ nigtYnaTIrbs;vakgRbBn

brisa ndMNaM

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w Efg[

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i ankarKIm.
I xageRkamenH KWCaRbePTstVmanRbeyaCn_
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68

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I a: gskmkg
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u gv )anBI 3-5 k,alf eday
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xt
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xt
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dgv rhUtdl;emcMNas;. GeNk

I masenAdMNak;kaldgv GacsIc
u N
M I
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69

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BIgBag nigRbePTcMNI.

70

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nigkUnmmac. RswgeKakGacsIC
u Bak;

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emGMe)AdgvsuIrUgedIm nigsIuemmmac

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7-10 nigemmmac)an5k,alf.

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stVkny
BIr cUlcitr s;enAkg

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ehIyvaeFVIsMbukkgdIEk,r

KumR< sUv. emmYyGacBg nigjas;)an

kUncMnYn 200-350. vacUlcitsIu

dgvsIurUgedIm

nigdgvmUrswk.vaGac

sIustVlit)anBI 20-30,alf.

71

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knMruyCaRbePTeRbdaTreCIgGakas. vasIuBBYkemGMe)Anigmmac.

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u rs;enAkg
Twk ehIyvaGaceLIgmkelIedImRsUv edIm,IsIukUnmmac
)anpgEdr.

RbePTknMruy epSg nigkUnrbs;va

RswgmlbI

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rbs;emGMe)A stVlt
i nigemGMe)A.
vaGacsmab; stV EdlmanmaDFM
Cagva)anedayeRbIml

ehIymat;

rbs;vacak;bBalCatiBulsmab;.

72

stVBs; nigTITuy

stVBs; nigstVsa bmYycMnn

Y rYmTaMgTITy
u
KWCastVeRbdaTr ya:g

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karkMcat;stVkNredIm,IkarBarRsUvCUnksikr .

stVBs;

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RbePT knaTUk kenHLg; RtI nigkEgb.l. CaFmtastVkgTwksIu

stVlitepSgEdlFak;cUleTAkgTwk CaGahar. dUecHsRmab;ERsman

TwkeRcIn bERsmanRbBneRsacRsBRtwmRtUv manlkNgayRsYlkg

karRKb;RKgstVcRgbMpajdMNaM eRBaHeyIgGacCYyeFVIGnraKmn_eday

Bnic beKaHedImRsUv[Fak;stVliteTAkgTwk.

stVknaTUk

stVkenHLg;

73

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RswgTwkeBaHkMe):ag

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RswgTwkeCIgEvg

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u KWseM dAelIBBYkstVlt
i EdleRbIR)as;stVdTeFVC
I a
CRmk edIm,IbeM BjnUvvdCvI t
i rbs;xn
. CaTUeTA vamancMnn
Y eRcInCagBBYk
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b:Eu nvamanRbsiTP
aBx<sk
; gkarkMcat;stVcRg. BBYk):ar:asIt
u manBIrRbePT
KW BBYkm:al; nigruy. kareFVI):ar:asIutkmRbRBwteTAenAdMNak;kalBg
dgv dwkeDO nigemeBjvy. xageRkamenHKWCastV)a:r:asIutsMxan;kg
RbBnbrisandMNaMRsUv

74

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m:al;):ar:asIutelI Bgem m:al;):ar:asIutelIBg

GMe)AdgvsIurUgedIm
segIcexA

m:al;):ar:asIutelIBgemGMe)AdgvmUrswk

m:al;):ar:asIutelI
Bgmmac

dgvTTYlrg):ar:asIut

m:a;l;):ar:asIutelIdgvsIurUgedIm

m:al;):ar:asIutelIBg

75

RbePTruy):ar:asIut

ruyk,alFM ):ar:asIutelIstVmmac
bgbnRbCaksikrRtUvcgcaMfa

nigelIdgvEPkqa

stVmanRbeyaCn_Camitm
n
uW qarM bs;

ksikr nigCakgkarBarminTarR)ak;Ex.
x stVmanRbeyaCn_man 3 kg KW

kgTBeCIgGakas BBYkehIr kgTBeCIgeKak BBYkenAelIdI nigkgTB

eCIgTwk stVkgTwk EdlsitenACaRbcaM karBarRsUvTaMgyb;TaMgf.

elIsBIenHeTot enARKb;dMNak;kallUtlas;rbs;stVcRgmanstVman
RbeyaCn_sIubMpaj .

RbsinebIGacEfrkSakarBarBBYkstVTaMgenH)anksikrGacrkSa)an

nUvtulPaBCIvsaRskg
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; r rbs;stVcRg
lRsUvmin[)at;bg;. b:Eu nksikrPaKeRcIn min)an
nigGacrkSa)annUvTinp

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RbeyaCn_enAkgERsgab;Gs;
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76

77

kareRbIR)as;faMBul b:HBal;dl;esdkic suxPaB nigbrisan

78

IX

> karRbmUlpl nigkarTukdak;

RcUtRsUvEdlTMu smtsmrm Tukdak;RtwmRtUv

edIm,Iecosvagkar)at;bg;pl cMnc
u sMxan; KWksikrRtUvRcUtkat;[Tan;

eBlevla.

munnwgeFVIkarRcUtkat;sMxan;bMput

TMurbs;RsUv[)anRtwmRtUv.

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karRbmUlplRsUvsmRsbbMput

KYreFVIeLIg

enAeBlRsUvTMuBI 80-85 eBalKWenAkgpERsmanBNelOgTMu Edl

RKab;enAKl;kYrsitenAcugdMNak;kaldak;emSA.karRcUtkat;enAeBlRsUv

i p
lpgEdr. CaTUeTARsUvGacRcUtkat;)aneRkay
minTan;Tl
u M knaM[xatbg;Tn

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30-35f.

karRcUtkat;)anTan;eBlevlaGaceFV[
I

KuNPaBGgrl mantmx<s;enAelITIpSarnigkat;bny)anCaGtibrimanUv
kar)at;bg;Tinpl EdlbNalmkBIkardYledIm)ak;krY RCuHRKab; bkar

bMpa jedaystVcab nigkNr.

79

karTukdak;plRsUvmanTMnak;TMngy:agxaMgCamYysMeNImRKab;.

RKab;RsUvEdleTIbRcUtkat;e)akEbnrYc

mansMeNImRKab;BI

18-25.

ksikrminKb,IykRKab;RsUvEdlmansMeNImx<s;eTAskenaHeT

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I RsUvRtUvBukpuyedaysarRbtikmceM hHbgCapSit nigmanstVlt
i

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KWcenaHBI12-14.

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)an 2f krNImanBnRW Kb;RKan; eday]sSah_RtLb; edIm,I[RKab;RsUv

stsBVl. eyIgGacdwgBIPaBstrbs;RKab;RsUv)an edaykarxaMRKab;

CaBIrkMNat;. ebIBiniteXIjfa EpkxagkgRKab;manBNsfa RKab;

RsUvst
lm EtebImn
i manBNsfaeT enaHRKab;RsUvminTan;st
leLIy.

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80

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kat;ecaledImEdlmanlkNxuseK

- enAkgvKbegItplkat;ecaledImEdlecjpamun beRkayeK
edImx<s; bTabCageK

- eFVIkarRcUtkat;enAeBlRsUvTMul 85-90

- RtUvhalsMgt
Y RKab;[st
l kg
kMrt
i sMeNIm 12-14. eCos
vagkarhalkgkMedAxaMgeBk naM[dMNuHRKab;Fak;cuH

i nig
- RtUvrkSaRKab;BC
U Tukkg
fg;sa t CakarlKrY dak;kg
fg;)a sk
rkSaTukedayELkBIRsUvcMNI

- RtUvsresrsaksMKal;eQaHBUC edIm,Ik[
u M RcLMenAeBlykeTAsab.

plRbeyaCn_nkareRbIBUCsRmitsRmaMg)anRtwmRtUv

- kat;bnybrimaNBUCEdlRtUveRbI edaysarBUCmandMNH
u x<s;
nigsuTl .

kat;bnykarrIkraldalesAcRg eRBaHBMumanRKab;esAlay.

begIntmplitplenAelITIpSar eRBaHGgrsuTl .

begn
I Tinp
lBI 10 eTA 15 PaKry eRBaHRsUvduHxag
M nigesl
I .

RsUvCaCIvit
81

ksareyag
1> viTasanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<Ca 2010/ karRKb;RKg
CICatidIelIdMNaMRsUvenAkm<Ca.

2> k]tm bNit cn sarun 2009/ RbBnRbBlvb,kmdMNaMRsUv

tameKalkarN_FmCati

RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT.

3> viTasanRsavRCav nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<C

a 2007/ dMNaMRsUvenAkm<C
a

4> kmviFI IPM 2006, eKalkarN_ENnaM GnuvtenAvalERssRmab;sala

eronERsksikrelIdMNaMRsUv/ RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT.

5> CEDAC, 2005/ RbBnRbBlvb,kmdMNaMRsUvtameKalkarN_FmCati/

km<Ca.

6> kmviFI IPM, 1998/ stVsMxan;kgRbBnbrisandMNaMRsUv/ RksYg

ksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT.

7> kmviFI IPM 1998, stVcRg nigstVmanRbeyaCn_enAkgRbBnbrisan

dMNaMRsUv/ RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT.

8> naykdanekSRtsaRs nigGgkarsId

u es 1997/ plitkmdN
M aMRsUv/
RksYgksikm rukaRbmaj; nigensaT.

9> gin qay 1997/ kickarBardMNaM saklviTalyPUminksikm.

10> bNt
i PIeFIr v:ay/ elaktUma: s; GUbt
W rY nig elak Pav suvT
u I / 1997
dIeRbIR)as;sRmab;plitkmdMNaMRsUvenAkm<Ca/ viTasanRsavRCav

nigGPivDn_ksikmkm<Ca.

11> IRRI 1991, Performance Objectives Manual, Philippines.

12 IRRI 1989/ plitkmdMNaMRsUv/ hVIlIBIn.

13> IRRI, 1987, bBaanana GMBd

I N
M
aMRsUv karENnaMnGt sBaaNkm

hVIlIBIn.

14> IRRI 1986 . Illustrated Guide to IPM in Rice in Tropical Asia, Philippines.
15> eKhTMBr www.knowledgebank.irri.org

82

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