Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Principles and Methodology of Translation 2

    Uploaded by

    English Department
    132 views58 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    132 views58 pages

    Principles and Methodology of Translation 2

    Uploaded by

    English Department

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 58
    Caynys) senyuewinyy 9 uy syo00p%e, uysodwon pte Buyyosvasoy sy w 98EL/LOO ueampL, awzeuey|oA 1I9SSOHL uonesuety, Jo AZopopoypay] pu sepdioutd conte Ape 38 lt GLB sn Sap ape DLS, ce om oe els 6 Sk pf ial yl poten Res tol cal Bh alae el Bins 8 FB aly y pn gle ysl <4 Sig ap cclllay ety glebanicd Sap alaee 2 Rag EI Ie yet 9398 ot IS alpen GUL Cafe SEs Ae pd ll ila pet] INV ask Epa gs ney Lg PER ny Ailes cal Jalal Pall oll ie ap 223, SY Sthdns soll grils gaye bled y hunts Kan PED thei gon! ab a Alege net, Ah a ys A ale Soe gerade saline fi yam alas le les aTA 5 Walt oy 9 ge a oT le JUS» “iss Gr Ion 3) IIS 9 NS ily T ons 2 AG Ay Sd gare ly ch pts ly ple AS SUN Fis as aya Spel al go 4 ot 1 ps ade [pew A Seis OTe ale he AB le ae Coll tad gpd : sigh ae Jean jSa apical alts tan Sols ygblty 2 2 ihe AE Helge 31 aie hn Dhl gel APH gel Sapam gE daole JU ayy WT ‘Table of Contents a re } V I i) i i i H ee: Berw eae | Capt impetigo Tn Ire, | TE ie spit etrmatin 12 Prepon) Sotto nt Be (C1 Psp (My Rete ~Y coapur i Reeve Meng Seg Soneting, Meg Aone THE Megs ‘mTorr 2 13. Mace, Sorte, an Bape @ NA caren: srvtre: Ho to Sey Ta TV. ae ene Poe 12. Wern, ones and Ces Coto Sees Patt 13. The Veber Ree Benes (5 Te Tee IVA The Verband eRe Been (1: The ipa Ms os (58) Preface ‘Tere ae any books writen in Engish and Pesan on tasstation tory tnd practic, Thea wa te eof hs book! Tm, there hasbeen a net fran Eaghsh Pesos etook i rte couse ‘Prine anf Methodology of Tslaton. ‘Second, the nest findings In Ingusts (Sens, Ascore ana, te) and trantion stdin were Inendal io be wed ins cone slime Song wits camplesin Pein a Engh o connect hero prasice. "The taboos writen on tration, wether Explsh o¢ Pesan ones, tacked in one othe ote) of the lowing teres: 2) omecing Ung indi: wo the practi of wanton; )eonining camples of the Egist-Peran ant Penn Eepish seumlnon: providing exercises for the Engish Persian ani Pemian Hays suas, and ‘being of a8 appropiate sine for s 2redit cone dened for underpafuate students whose jor coune i ‘Enpich Langue and “erature, Teaching Engst or “Engish Transat! ‘This ventook incindes the mos significant and gene sues ant problem a tandaton coma four major capers Lexical meaning Saying things ety ptt meaning: Saying hing inte, 6 Puatve mening Suing someting, easing ater, and 1) Stetare Hom ty things In exch chapter there ate some rested seons fn which some Ings concep oduan;thea Hs appiation in atsatios& Masta, aay some execs are rove. TS terbook fuses ox the poe of as ‘on and dae wit some common problens inte practice o anton ‘Any comments 10 impose this textbook mil he welcomed warm by the ar. pct won co tt nae eae often at “Seer e meee senna Se een rons tect of te Dok, Hoc Modanszar Met fe Ae a ‘see Tot ey Introduction and Troan Reset fading inp Be hen 2 new nmi Sabon tc ed lhe syed prc of an Sepa prc a ic nas Me oie may mpc foe tans on, Stases On the nate and fonction of the Lange ge he shows at te fac of RAE pray matron of rage’ 1 the FST Doce cncmpese al the leant raat it Dia yt wel cote tes the ect reat f the ‘onmanpo he aipeskr neds the deren © st “ain icon rompos, Sach evant denen’ of saaon of sme stared ‘Soipoend owldge to tere the wink Meso. Taare cr af isowrse, THE text and contest fret 19 produce ers timoune. The docourse maj proced in hee major per 3s foow: (pragnaiclsctony ‘mines the pBoanogc cea, and grammatical strstr srt sheep spc, Form i nguge-speie. Meanie re 1 he TGavept and lis which he anor felons the reader to wadentand and perce Mevning uevena, um & te mesAge OF cmmenne Fenton intended ty de commaniatoc pean). Proce of Train.‘ fit ge of tarsaoe procs I the ant tn interpention of he SL (Sour language) dicous (etext and the 3 coer i oe at ferent Ke FO, Re, the raion of 6 et WHEN Okay gt p01 rear cmte tn inet. The sean OE Ste mesae i Re xt guage 1 aos ona esac a he seed natn Esha ney sarcncncatnconglveio Prete T (ag! pap SEN iout ncaa pote, SS ne anonitmmsaate Teer, cineeen eet or Hwee Han pose pte Phere omer shel fn fe te om cine asin muff see am at oS a Siegen eenecene ape "Tin tpi ey nt cro a mo psi oes nd amin A non oda te Sa nceegeeretil egestas tae Fotcnatan weeny i toe reco pas eh mre cgay Torn cmon png pe pc ‘nui cman ohn praise sla eer 1 fate spiny Hove aan ately chang bt Ista pata eogyeopaphay nee ‘St yn roi ea eater epic ep fe exci hit ep es thm perpet iets ee le gegen ro i henge ie rnaaaon Teun ouataon Necenorungvge be ain hese stay ene haagaed eg 7 fac tom scope nee Chapter 1 ‘Lexical Meaning: Saying Things Directly 1.1 Denotatlon: Referentia! Meaning ‘Once when peoples he ea obect ofwhichyoucanseeapcture here, tho eal ead in agi adn Pes: toi called“elerene’ oF ‘deqoation Then people earned o make «msc insrament om als of hi pl: hey led this strane Tea in Engh and" ‘Pena gn. Shey eed the same sgh or wor 19 something ee. First we Reda primary reference or ease, thea oer secondary referers sete erp wi he etopmert oo equine with ‘ow things. Again people recently developed new thing ahi abe or ‘etn wp ged thy ale owe a Wor 1 calli Is Pesn, Pope rept ut a Engh pope calle sr. ~ gos ‘Reference’ may apply 10 the tl eprom ad ing ll a evens ad tte ‘Types Linguist Formers usta the development oflangsage and ferent seme, tte Wpes of mgt forms or wor may te found na toa 1) monoveny, 2) bom cong, ad 3) pobseny 5 sd ene meaning or 08 such a coe we ‘Their meanins or senses hae ot capanded to over further reren, Tete ata ew words hava non tne; OWEN frp, lenges lane aa iene tans thik that mot af the nat 36 ow ue ony oe ee. Tis is bese hj RW Oo seme ord, not moe. Het es the source of some eosin transain omonymy: Inthe proceso! angsage developmen, ome diferent wor, Serve hehe sme penn hmophon er ee pc (torceeps), of to the sane pronunato nt pling (Bonowynay ieeat meanings they ae 90st rea Fetemy.Asitsrated above, ree and, bine pine dees sees UW Gource ngnge war) Sene TLW ug las pge wer) esta ed of ga wih a pas teed 4 mica insroment 2 srw 5 thin abe for socking vp Hquts SE 4 two ofthe senses, they are equ, bat te hind ses, ey are no Derren SL wd o frm may he co ees and ed se sop be relered toby 2 aiereat TL. wor o on w+ Semte sse TL wore seu 2 ‘See 3 ——+ TL wordoom 2 Sem 4 sme TL wondfom 3 SL voratorm, ‘The semis which a word hin the SL fen donot match all he senses of the equivalent word nthe TL ‘Primary Sense vs Secondary Senses DIMleren senses wordare dvd into primary seas and secondary eases. Te primary sense fs word the one 1 wsed mos commenty aang, 2 wualy learned Bloc ober sears, 3 recalled by ative spats when herd in lation, out of cme and 4 choca as the fit meaning aa ‘Theater senses ae retered toss sautaity Coverup) of meaning bewecy Secondary senses are derived fom se oy Ein dina, onda sees. Ther some su Sana Toon 2 Som of eahier shai owen op whe et inn Se cm gh 2 grammtal coment prof pec, ant 3. conie: ter ord tine one Areas of Reece Word cary diferet aes offre nde! ante The recese of wore across naguags maybe case 8 low. 1 raed Wort a So ast lips of vision oF mind transators may tke a word for ne wi sar speing tus posing compel wg que toma tee eam = net a ta ‘ght = potion pete x Senin kun ra) 2 Onet-One Mach An SLW andis TL equate have eat the sme 88 Of reFeTeHc, fy ‘Gale on (0) Such wort pve no pole O10, bet he er fow of te 08 gu. koe ‘Tae area Of SL.W references mach wider than that of the TLW, forme ner he ter ony ‘Theres some iia between the mening of he SLW and. {ns ceria conten, the TLW canbe const an equlent rte SLW, ‘Taiswas dlcuesed under‘polysemy an his ype elon ctsen wor scross guages comes rae regarding mos wordeand het ecasot efrece i ferent languages. Beercises 19 At ep tm ea ad Bagh ag ie EY nea | Wr a ame TED tego oar ae ev ed ea cg tame 1 edo. te et ae) Lar atone Ce 1 Your tater it my wate. Ym My mother was his hale siser, 268 older on Sins 2 The woman way Ais gir Be ‘On mice the cil of PASM lial od 1) Lok pe ove emp ny. Ae ein few ro der co ty (toms soy rw wings na? (Tena ne abn se Engh embesits jecadtoaast es SAL ST separ 1L2. Ctlocation: Callocative Meaning See cscs a aaa ‘Sense 1 see? ote: A mora = a ‘Sense 4 ses and tat the cotent deerme wih sense se. Tiss ome sd of ig Coin of tas; Rowe, the ar i RO: Fom Fora Form 3 Pom é ‘Shona: Oe meting problem ares hore: How shoul the wasntor choose rom among thee ‘orasorms a proper eqtalet for he SL word/form? These forns a, ‘ord, pas or ae) oreo cena the Sine, my 1. stay eer ini sic mening ike, as ad! 2. comoutney ren drain Weir commotion; MRE ey 2 dletay ren aieren ia ele lect; the a 4 pony sttahip beeen two words may te tht of ‘econ cramp a Pen the wo ‘2 ics the mening 0 Ware tan substi fore ar bat he lotr sone the former exe 5 cotton ieen-ee a the lean; He ad ‘ah ont Moris the sume meaning and they eno dierent isthe mentioned sper te he at seoaely sygmons faves ‘he tami is echo uy te paomymen enna Cconouion a iti mating wil e desk within Seton Four of ‘ts Caper, Callen wb sted ere catton ‘Arvord may outwith certain other words words occuring together ae ‘caconacats The meaning ofwordare determine by the cote Shen hey are used that i, the easing of words ace etic bythe. Tres coming ih hem tie aloes coca Ran “ae ange ofthe cols or ech wor: touph may cane ink, “The ranges of caloates fra word inthe Lan is equralen abe TL. over. Notke the ange fe calles fox in Psa andl in Begin seg ae (age HD) ds ype te (Gute a) “Se 3 Gen (Gait evens) fusca Seow (Ge prs) Scent ‘eile. ledofvsen) "aed pescotaig lado) yg “zal at witinay Fotis 16 oi et 25 bls gate Tmefeofstedypottestcene. 27. tt mental ‘ tsealercetontl fel 2 elder 19 bel ork 2. beld pa, 2 fs ey 50. ald of hoor 21. es pce Sill wheat 2 fd spa Bm cosels 2 fel of eksope [3a eng et 1 fet gases doped 25 fd towse 35. gullet "We may oncade rom the abovementioned example tha ooh soe ee ‘oi! cn be come 2 prope yeas fr BA, moter ass we shold we oer worse ark pc and ‘sare 1 a Sh and wen os ad Bgl a one am a rant fel The hoe ofthese equivalents shoeld be made with repag to he cotocats, Find the equivalents forth above Press Which are gy roe 2 Valine of Colic! Range Inespeicsed apts who reat wo wort for word translation 01 pay attention tothe content, the collocates, oF 1 th acceptable coliocauoas inthe TL; therefore, the range of accepabi ‘allocate led in he TL. Ths sane and unltligibe combina words are induct into the TL, 4 Baan of ape Cees 4 Note th fllowingexampls whic have een ake from some publiked ‘orks. As you see, ome ofthe examples ate sraage and uuasterl Combats of word ad soe te ing 3 nm ie mia cee On nse Stany am atvat (hg dae) 25 op iS, om ong (8 pra Woolas Nah the oped ty fre eer thousands of people Pi anas pie th er lg as om eect “he ene pao Ue ad, (08 esa) Se rerinbvonin as SISIAGT ee ce (a) a ie The Wo up rs ea, ‘Asano tome hin empensn 8) AS cn 2) Sars SDAP i 2 he yee Bt CT eS) fax he Sof 3 tendo = io ps es (oF peg) 2 4 Me Ko a ga oe . Charade) inte Sie eke 5 he ing oe ere (8) pune otis e.Weapet meme, OFS pci) an sues J pee ming Haren ated fr i to eas. (8 Stel ag at Doo Sp ee Tote ih me, (holy) tana igne see 9 me ens 11 Tewe nad expt of etn ung wont ee tee re uatlnecee Sad ie 3S if te 1 Tense flog aes ad etn to Teta ae — (hick, argent, feuowen “ee Snide ‘betght of « man. Sa pene oe uch (ess wo dr tony 4 Treas wash and anger ted ded be ees. 8. We were navy he He 9 He ete See nes eee eee Seen Sanaa qeteknasiaeiemov eae eee een SESE SS te anni a maa B o 2TH, ae be MWe PN! my 1 Thar tey wom be ae Boe” pac gens the Farias 9 ata tee oe 1m Car mga wok meres HE fee 1 Stead ne ice 2 eat rmet ppe aul 18 Peery oe pO ALB ele Moa farm “neyo he 15 Haga ete 0 ed ie Heme Cela an ond ey gs BPI PINS i te 1 my ae ile eal Aisipice 28 Youd ter it Besoin, 13. Change of Form: Lexical Adjustment ‘sites menue athe preoes seen, aston ha wo sds at, er at proach ton 2) amas of te SL fom coe to find out the meaning, )profuc, a che af pop TL fom fo his esi | Tom Anais Production [Meaning } Tron asaya ane fm aso, te oma he Srp ye em te Te mening ele eg ste 9 mabe eid oan Ot he oem dnp Seep at ‘mm dine fm ed pte, tne meng my Ye ope sh gue us prmmta o e n(ay fas ston, to kp ape of cage ‘coment words) are introduced: “a oho eet 6 1 edsebton of semantic components and 2) change in pars pes Redisietion af Semantic Components ‘content word (or pra) acon otic amning composes ‘Te pow of erooping concept and formation In oe term ea ea — Exar Tod-hve i the esp sleet sama min th ala perso phwegh embed as asuashade exes by women fete goo come ar ad rag o ake back ‘Tis quality of word is language specifi; that, te formation consined ox enapenatd ina single LW snot neces exec ina Single TLW. The same information my be strbated over phe ort (he, Tete are two procees nthe redtrbation of semantic tess 1. Anal Pres “Tue components expand ve number fret wor hat an SLW is Fendted toa prs oa case as fs TL equal, Sage Su TL prwsetiwe ee Ws oie yhoo venice es wae hes pe tee é (ie) elsned etalgel ry fox wtom the ela ingles ae apie ue cee wt fr mechs 2 Sytee Foes ‘Sever! components re gouped and compressed int «wo tat a phreldae i enderd it sage TLW. wae ‘Single TLW =, ate at Sang my St pease 7 Sorng whet resin ae sa 0 wo doelew-tvo words Jlned wih es wr i cme an ee he cae SometiesanArabiclon mod St etc ba be ented in Engh A singe wort ay corey nn me Fenian Ss Bao ihe ee Change a Part Spech Langeages nave he sme peso cotalses or grammatical forms, Le, wont Ie Ve, nour, Sesh ‘ae carry ome meunng ba ia nother language the same meaning maybe arid ty a nowr Ts mata at ars of speech, vr, ac ‘eave amy ange a taeiinn om the SL ato the TL Blo, some eps cans i conta wore Get eb ‘4 Cane of SL ve 4 TL abe came 1. Te cach ape pp tte Roly 2 theo eh ph pod a syle ipa Sa 2 Ream be mgr eneing ya 4 Theme pe other ven ets aie ed descte sin fat ‘The ast nits eae itil sed ae Pc ca oat nh eg” AE 1 The ay ey che he ei ca opt copied ee dT fas 2. We fn he e fba e a 16 Ba pati aye te, ‘3 The pte appeated 0 sapors Knd icaieptinon odin a St aaigse 2 Alvleie ‘A Change of an SL acerbic into & TL vet; empes ys couple of remarkably Small bones Dips ee ee Sof Sinteg 2 a ean er empptotng oom sear aden oa eta i SL stremajoctve iat TL oem: eps B) Change of 1. Bur it was potable fom moment to momeat tt one wos be joe, pci Stages Seco ghd ph 2. Tatas the at be could ake gush gms 3 the ral army See) 4 Southern Ina Waser 5 vertebral ome tea 2m ‘4) Cunge of an SL noen into TL veiniive; camp: eu ponte wo po foward ae Fw sary nS ee eee tone house 4 2 Sent Koren cant Thesoles wee webeqipped sb UOT Cong in Foe “Tre ae lor proces ive hangs 0 rm arta Yes ‘buon of seman component” snl ‘change in prs of spec some camps ae poweet 1. osie s Negaibe + Aston or Negatwe “°. Positive + Antony No depresing laser sent Hom te sese : labile 2 seg 2 Pt or Part. sings Sow ‘orton id 4. fv Tem Reps bp aoe Tam ery mac led 28 ra ye tofstones ant funeral umbrage Bave received the wert mig ules car mene “ pS Be be GIST, Bae sib te dieser bse stl gta sometimes uaussrs 0 taker 3 Saletimasrt th pte alee ngs vt phan path hed Saeed Aaet ©) Toe te ok sets in Pein. 1 ewe oe km. 2 te tapped te ay 5. esc me 3 px a 4. Doyou mean Me? 5. Tey fund mw 14, Asacitve Meaning eee ering eo fc ta wor pe ‘ch comes ct nati, Bt wrasse ‘sastandmey stone ciferentenotons pm itchenee Da Kind ofeddtionorauncated meaning ve nafeee snr Syeonymy a Section To, and on of hen clone meng es Aheemed nthe rae secion Hes two ina aoc a more mune Moning Comtton amotio show rope mts ates wa wa be wl des mate terest, rng ser A ope gsc btheone win inte ton Dierestconrottnsrg st improper eat Some hte carps a pre ee “tenn men an ssi mies Saf tirajeitny nap re he sowstoing ease ep cme, ttn Pei he pra cass pn ott 2 Tey aed at he et an iret ain ‘ete stat cari seta consti bet reps onmon ef bs tee et oct, the topic disease, the mem wd, 1 Lee of Foray Language ay vary on a contin of oral Slang Calg _GeneaNewea_Form eons Fon gom sega pare rom tise expite ck he bucket Sa mal apres Posen: ira pts oriepae eure sepa Shoat “Teshove compete meee scant ad id person lal (stead of saga te pl bm we), be ot the eon out yey case fs nS a pit aoe ee ap ‘These complet ae wed nt inthe ft and third pen sings ot lua, but not inthe second pon. 2 Change of Spe ‘Shle may abo vary acorn to (teen) facts such as: Technic incision-medkal tere fo at Poste: ithe: (= whete oJ (= msaning 2. Time (ach, obsolete, ol.aioned, modern) how, thee, ye ah), ae ‘ma language, there ica special wtf lexica items which canbe wed by ‘eran peopl or inter pesence, Fr example the language assed 0 4 0 ee ge re “see — spore) ‘satchel onbr) pecans nlp) oe epee ae ccc my ca he worded ast kad ot ems substi Le. TAG a ea seterense tens Le imtoeogetie, ete, a Fete bve been he rom Quiet a andthe sebstiates and one ‘eerste eben er fon Halland Hasan. Beercnes 19 Fo et of peptone ngs any henner te ae ‘ionomers ibe owing sees an he ai tn eb 1 te yd eye a ne oR (1 gles Rolph Saar nal “Seem an pte ae st ep be kk, ret me Wh 0 ie ‘ee Kctetes ng bea rit oS ahastesiRAG a ead A ans ee or) sd pt eee ed ote eying at Aas aos frees pel a pd Mab Guesreertet 8 4 iw tt wee Tet ty a” Apap saetee sabes (ee ei ab Sp comyon dt ow wo yo bring oe et 4 onc yt ot re” ee hs ee athe ih Sep tecatlh ten Se “Tet we nr ai Ore Flee at er ae i ee” eh patnst (0 Dealeastined sagen as erie at FOO tt pd wats on Crdakeaeegasnfe tba Sisties ort A ted “Deaton, Ors paw ene ioe ater Se neil We Aaa st yet se Sone mn be some. Mapcoys pe gbolamed S (oe Neh a he “Se wi et ed ese ty ot, dea std Cate eat ies ppredn S (nearing DE 1 He er ade nen. rep) ahi cs ahang fees etal slp 12 Lan nor ceed “oh symtoms pled Me Ban, plchg oo (Neer chicapret tsi 1 in me shoe seen, sy wet Ea eof rerene B ep citar, spare cpr, arated rte. Fr aN, 8 et Sor fe wens temo een ae pons [coisa ae dtc yb prior RSD Aspeatng oo cna peed wiht Dr Shas te cat he cet of mits ep at feo lr repped en ght he ncn rhe Pes 0 ie a (ems lin » Tv roman] | ere | Pwr em rr a aa x rctigseaese pyr err pant es i ie ND, en se io Fee Tg ibe 2 paar opr ny apc se 0 etn 2. ty 0 a {Ue ths ope the ws 90 5 te euler, wee uc (Cee enon fs oy bed prey. 1 emp em 6 MOM CE NE are {foe a pr, be eee A he he $3: Hsttbg ey won be pre hfe wn lagen. 7 10 The ado es yal noe for bad ester, btn oo 1, Moet nd bw sol oe ou" eee ‘2a ya ak a” 12 Seer ha ea 0 ed a ee ag oe eget wen 7 3 Aa Boa We mow oe at ba 3 Tai tet tn myocar ae yee tet trae rom et 5 "Yo ip pb me Me Rad etd Tae ooo pede era, "But peopl pd ne eat ht me seen tne ae ne te inp Te ot omept fhe ope ens nie ee? Chapter Ill Figurative Meaning: Saying Something, Meaning Another TILL, Metaphor and Simile asin s+ Kee ptch which ioe 2 comparion 1 The tay skin as smoot a 2 My fet re oer than esis yrs) Arete sso aie of ech which ines 3 comparion: The ony tree between utile and 8 capris thal in sme te ompecton i explty sated, uly by 2 word ich a ‘Uc of 6 of, In entany"20 and"Syptwe na wetapr the compan ss imps. Site Metaphor Sheik a oe, sweis ase rer ey Mepios ave in wed to make a song impact. The more ppopint and ong tbe meophors the more power wil eshte inpet "A Sqwatve comparion toa be dsngusbed ftom 2 tie octave comparaan n a Seve compan, thre © wil) an ‘ement f eagerton. For example: Sime: The Dok a eau an elephant ‘True camparon: Te bor 38 haya my sue. (nett) Side John ee ea pe "Ther compan: Joh eat Uk hi ner Woe, Menor Jobe get ‘Nowmetpior: Tat sialic it a a mone te pars ta | eth wep an es ing rent) Mich is eigg aie we hing (or event) to Which the i ees emneoreet) ore fights a tint RECTORS of me somes ett cnn en Om % pc oo (rt) LENA dee, Iron emia VER 0 Norse came ep” Sema 5.105 Test ing <> oe ae name wom ny riage Ss nae pee Ae, Ane, a Me eee aa whee er anne Eta saied nica atl Soe yes oa dean a toa ene tage Tipe (apa ohne Has evaeke Image Tope erp ie tS) es 9 t Ite “Te pola of shar, yl eft npc in seis ¢ ad + so ‘oth he topic a he poset sian are et ipl n sentence vor. somedines al ie prs ofthe sme or metaphor ae expt std Jn tte. But sometimes one (or ven vo) ote Fars (te) et np. ‘entying th Plt of Siar ‘Quite oft iis the polat of siilariyy Henieation of tbe point of salary Between the opieand the images ‘lt the underaing of any metpor or ile Cle thee ast dt misunderstndiag ithe reeiver ofthe mesage ores on te wrong omponcat of meaning. Ta lus to covet interpretation of the impli ott of say are ous 2) inte immediate cone ob ine shared Fesiaroond howd. 1) Contestant ‘The implicit point of similarity may be wndersoo¢ from the media sounding comet. The ope ab te image ar st smi in al apes of ‘meant, bat ony none pric componet of the meaning, oi ‘elected grospotcomponens. ndileren content dierent components of eaning may be leet ») Shard Bayon Kawa Ince or stundaed (stabbed) metaphors or sates, the image 90 onstantly sed with certs ola of similarity ba they besome fied folfocates; that is they usually come Logehet. Such images ad heir ‘allocates, Le, hi secompeying point of simi, wetherexpresed oF mpi, are part of he altel (roe) knowlege shored the gi {hd the receive of he mestge ina certain cltarelcommonty. The zt language recelver of he mcsage wholes ina diferente doesnot ‘eth bckgrovedknovigge, so the established source anguage age ty corey a oscur,ambiguu, gue sleet mean for, tay sound untralo sane 0 ni. “ 1x i gat we ene abil smi Panta sa oe en au ei ngs fe se pit Sins se caramel nce pe www tno oP EA 1. te ayy imme aaa eco ae c= ee Ure und Dead Metaphors and Sills" ‘scoring ann (5 p20 alnapo w we ‘Da eel tr Monat content eon of Oe apeg ° a! ns me ope neg $ tntrtotdetj olan ppagseetonte te eh cmt tia gag i “Toman on one he ‘eamtratton esp eae or pee ae ri | )endenodn ate Pyne wom | seh tg i compl mpl ih com nab fee ag, or cine nig gh te Newmar (8p. 1) sepia dendmetupon in a, ‘cle wanda’ and'adaple’ oes ud tne metaphors int een and ‘iia one. i 1) Deed MeaphorSnits rowp 1 "Noun (gua) + o + Now’ Pater sare, pc, lg {29 Botlom, fc, mou am, hea, do, al, he i, cai a a Tis Hone mean get ea si an in he man prt he ol and te man ae ean wy ihe eulfc'<"' erp wore oy stop tne finnyiapeimaoonen eens, Eiairecrieyer-iriunri rane! Te same image Dire may ao ego le pay tema ofsere odes tte oegam of cnindéene “<, dot hopeam anya, Caste eet ‘Groep 2. Techni Usage of Common Word: fin ame, ost akin tte wom, col fk ie, end, ean cee fiip Sofi aka uks gt Saori eden ty pas For camp 1. fof moore whet ‘These ate one-word metaphors which ate add tothe pis terminology 1 seman esd thre one orn deny owe elie ‘Groop 3 Ver gethe + 1. wren ino dae 2 whale 2 tbe the pe ‘Loc oe ay 71 oo othe fate wih weiss 8.10 ramp op an ee 10 wwcih op Grow 4 Aa grate) + ty ee 2Lawooden ce 3 sary 9s 4. ay ok 5 (ot) en eat (6 dole gete at 2. pen aot ips Ye + News ee) Tape ee teem so rd Ss AF eon erase (tb + one) rei eens LE in erent oy 3. ost bait PS os, “4 to draw he net wider PE ail Seer erie became tan apres eats of people o thing wees ee Foor eres See Ferry 1 ee ees ji laa ea natant STL RS getty broom tag naa Sa 5 ramp: yoy Stee ‘ps pod oe rocabeck (6) fos, “ ae Group 2. Origa McphorSines They Se eee or quoted byt source ngage re, Thy my be weber culo gee bj ‘ansting Mtpbrs a Sines The owing see sda be nen a ating a megpor ose 1 The metaphors sms soul be und i th ete ast 46 oy 2) The the tramaor shoul determine whet the compet SED Blagg maine rg ge ant «© Deen compoacxs of be mepor or snl sould Ye dented ‘The fn pats shold be inked fom the cone or cura ‘wound. canbe very egw wre expcly te omnes othe Ineapor or sm isthe follwing sentences, "Toles Hk Image becoie Pon f Silay. ead meaptors (or sites) shoul be trast ty the mt caalent form in he age ngs, ich maybe metaphor, si, eal meaning Lamon (194, p 284) sgges the allowing mae to tut he the saponin “(0 snie would Solow ses 34 an 3 1. The metaphor maybe kept if the expo ngage permis (ati it sound natural and undestod corey he rene). 2A metaphor may be wane a sie (ang ke oa) |4-A meaphor of the repr Ingnge sikh as the sune mening ‘aay be setts, 4 Tee metpbor may be Aept and we meaning exptned (at, te tapi td pois of indy may be isa 5. Te meatng ofthe metaphor maybe tnd witoot ein the sneapbovil imagery” verses 1 yt mys, nd pot fey eth ibe song Se eat "Tope ste base Pf Sitar’ 1. The ing pt yorum he ets i people 2 Joan wars ing an 3 You me mt open 2 he, {Te eee tes 5 Mein ate 1. Raa ke ra try done cron A Heth ee cpt 10H oe we ape ne Vd aes ro 2 Pte mae gee wy cape Sr sew Lt opact whence em, © ley op, pot sy sar es ape Pine earrape rea ; see Set atttag net oe ton Me baseoes 2 Lan putamen, « tavanpet eco agar 5. Thaw pe seat oS Cte meen een Gass f Linenteyenemte tmeet arte epee eh a amroemene 1 Unto mpeg ne oy page ots eras Vite 79 techs compe te wm J Set es ai | oa asamp ph pon 4s ae ‘ort Genet Maores ‘ioas can te die ince 8 Depo ep opting sede 2 Seino on th ae whet ypu eto 110 te smcone to wnicotn Qing du Soh gs) 2 toca no ke (ening wacear Sttne 3% a gus (tig: ela Se re) {£4 alt th ord Pile: On tee my eg) 5s nntiongy a ac ih var) (6 some 8 badnshphe goodenting en CR cn) ost prt he eon o's Noga ay arb a Difeeat fms an wos my be wt stone. ih Pu ver prpeina pre, pr Othe ly a lH sco in GO cx ge ea aca ver: beak dowa, break through, carry o9, etc ea en a om ee er cease me a po soe eat nes i PS et obey Se cSt ono Si aro te Ba ea) Tome te 2 tt some oon eat 3 tom ba Shenowe ew! sou alt ahoes widen Ves seat Sew Thee ate may ions arinaes ont a rvs i Fea ich a i aga with lat pone at ej nee) a ama He snp mp has He oe an tle i ease sory Sar eit Tm hi 2 sSode thant Tet hp He at abi of aig ight He an eat is ig cag paleipe ook sk pean He bas dangcos pale ow, eran eraN 1 ait Be wh shel Tan do nosing agen am naka he op. Sisepest Hewes nace 0 de Set hme a0 Rope in at pete He cane wo hs sas Grego at he the eo phdeSatasen Hei baensane. Seas {ts bod mind. tabi south teed afer ing a that O49 ‘te hod ‘an imports goup of los in Penn aad Engi & “poles forma’, te, te ite expensed in‘sfantons oc a6 eee fnnwiakag, ae whith ae itnded 0 malnin scl retons, Some ‘Cony of Por psitnest formas ar gives telow along with tet Engi eqns: Hell epee Goode! rae Solon yafiusooeyt Pees, come ort. Wook aus isp. Hae? owiplee anit Hard wor! re) How 300? typiedey Welamel Thanks or ong! bares sentees ‘id you have «pod tins? st rc eri Fer airagy rng ons to reosiz tem. The pal or yg Saaeeee amine toms ray wor fr-Word anton gy how nates maze roca omens meg Tt tet, Aas pute ma ae no meal ") opr ond a he A MEENEE sehen, ‘ywten heres o proper idiom te Tor that mein, 09. fqeive rosin ceyag ean ning hone wd pecs abo we orto» ante wef msg sberempor npigeant ete rural nate aston ily {ndbeap hereof sore ange. Tere w ota Be worn he ‘sue Maga ih eo ns ba et ni i on™ {Los p15 “Themed mentioned above shoul edo compenae for he ‘ms envi Tou ed fone TAs Mom ah Lh ele om in Ne Tn ter wor bth lngege ee ions cmey cna meaaig De ih, {Sect mean oy Tiepmtatra Hetero er She Siemaes wnye. wae 4 eeu hy an ae, met sSeeethen eee ‘etter ae ‘ayo ee {He mates moma oto mle, eines 4.10 ye concen a 10. He Wwe of te mar i Lemasmem — gfeast Sune: Hivemwreme setae D ame 1 She ks eer moe, et (He bakotarts, aia 15 Ths poor man can Bay make toh ete met net Blas oat, 16 He an wit ie, sana 17, He oes area hee J 18 He pgs fat ad ose SJ ash [9 He sowed sdcan pai of hel fbesnais 2 He was put onto he se 1p. He made a ene. fae Brrr Smarter om syasstion noo pope ae ti pao te en eT Hews gen aeson, we 21 ew hs al ong spn ST gle 3. What opt Tan {Ly ted pt he o's sae, Beratsae brag you len foo, pal meas, deat ayn an eo sae Bre eer “Tey aces Bin iy aaa He towne, cep have mo hope ta seein’ Heoui ew ee ane, jae Jog gd Lee oesing Proven Rprovets is popular hor saying. with words of advice or waraing” (Goi Avene Leo’ iciona) "A prover “aahorweltnowa,spposely wise, tying seal in simple ges (Lng Dione of Couengray Engi) it of meant. ‘ater eppliction ithe pri one n wR Prete make aclu! raguc ofa mtn Proves it om om a 2) ae sentences ie no erat pens stn ome lech at ns 2 apa of a sentence, >) sometimes hve variant omens, 0) are tinted esha s But ims, ee ea | isa ‘jae figurative exter, get “cues a, eh! sang oe mi ste MOTE cot ge ck and HEME cmon ag a2 reper eat: 2) CRONE ed egg a Spe a mine eres ream ie 7 Srna be Fag 84 Persian proves ag, ne at may pee inte Wo angges mich OW mir gag canbe fovtd inthe vol "somes prover laatsage mi, cr sido, oa, a mening 6 Page 1 Wel a fa hey hol re 2 tna he baker 0 far you may suet, 36) incase 5. Tt sgh fr tomorow. 0) Saige “4H who ses get il canal SRE et tars rt Besser 6 ee cyan th Syantd sn nan a ee ra Srnceacne La ee rr etn Sea ) Many pres mb found in the wo language wh hve a easiags ond cane apple inthe same contents, bot they have dif ‘ors nd ube 6, Py 1. Ben your we and God wl so yo the trend Ele tose gs eed paca “4 wil 0 ind yo Bh tem 0 mae. 15: The darkest hoe ot blr he do, faked Sade ge 7. He a fag in ye endo 1 You may nom antl he woe sick 9. is tea baer on both ie pat 10, Traveling broadens the mind, we ag ea a the 1 He miso bea, orks 12. Never put ofl moray nat youn do today. Sone 13. The foe the index of he Rear. ei dinr en, 14. fot tongs song enongh cuit owe a fat rertets ‘rating Proverbs Beeenaa st Calow 197 136 sage the wp 0 tne & pone “Ite wd Own he prove cold be nada a the ening ‘ofthe proves, 2) canbe repaced wih an equal! oa provers and 5) ts nonfiguratne mesg cul be std sragoreay.” xorcses Tamas ine aon eens no Fe. 1 Wega ere you cud Te Robie 2 any oes gow om wes, 2. ee ng or ee ‘Aral eer he, 7 Thee wn bag yb a Noah te Sa Foleo aan 9 aoa nde tinea iad ice ct en seep iia eRe Kina whet ase (Fatman met pn ee Ep pee Won Ron is Rom 6 2. Want comes wn ne wt ses ih ae 2 Las ston te po mec. 4 Pree ts pert 5; Hate makes ea 6 Aertel ese fe. 1 Oe mow dos i ue sme. 1 a your wen wed i 9: atin ope ade ts wert. ‘To my ek ph eh HLA tsa es se oor pl wh 12 Dash oka pit bein te mst, 13: your int ere hy re bd. 1 Mac i, che 16 Do pnt ae a he 16 Speak of age, you be te ond et wings. Les ho eg Was ave cas 19 anes cme he devs ape 2 Absent et Fo se Dy Vaccine he ions ad provers he fowng ao betes Groat a 2 see en rast ew dao diy, Seperate te Ee ang ape” Sean fr mo mos, pcaly een et fe I mane “Poros dt et ey SY wad oe? ty wy eng me See” are ough hee a tae em yo 0et a ee, Great Gt he al my Ht “We tc moe. "Aad a tyne So te Bk om theres af They sy Hier net sl Jew ering 001 a Soa im mts oy - and 10 ge you weekend passes” sc, r Sihcpeeanate em etme stearate Me EN Sonioennen bein Se oe one eet, — " nate sete 12 Imp it MB Hing en eet aoe od gy Taian saesetah tet 2. You spe of fons you cn dow on te a (relapsed susie sono wl i aap ge PS ole J foe es wth tet Pope's ge ed ie ‘ac eet Frei SF Sige lps ine aan, Tate aoa Sawseadepraoiedeelt HAs nde pe Mh oN oS fas ot a 1 do i nt eg Meigen steeper ma mae Sa ‘ WASP Senge oot smaaadtepto mein eceenes ON Met Hh TAS) pl cea ILS. Metonymy, Synecdoche, and Euphemisia “tpn me pn i pt ssh tepnnnatTeeva age tint sab t's pve ep ‘er a a ch 3 Meoaymy “Tey cto te act ats Of omg into he ps 1904 pm 2. temporal (time word ---- eet) spat ihe wen pope) toga (ee == et). oweet, aoa pe may Ye ai 4 pouewel = postnoe ‘The figure of metonyy based 0 yo he aac eins ander the general heading of eonigly”."Metonymy afar of specs Mat eomsitsin using the name of ne hing for hat osomebing ee wt ‘ie His ascited” (Wert Tht New uation onan) ‘ye Meoayey ‘he thing sete Teper aa Gita se (ede erie amin Gast AOS san lil nenncneds Nat ites Bate ge teers ce, ee tee elit ate sper eae Sete ‘ts Te yao cntoo bsp te meno with deh (4 Pocena == Peso ain nent eg, Those ans belong to the coma the mated ==> ng : Sycstonwih tich melons ten asc, ston ay tie 'partenalrone, a2.cus e tas tapes feces He En, Nein dota ‘a. Conrtaat == Whe < a skp oo People ite fang weit Mea nag 1a te === Content the sing ar spring An Ati Wd The Blesed Gat on, he sere Si Mia == hig made le an cae alg eatin, “yucca oy Tce as eal sta ecto ape ofa epee ore ope al ject a pes or ep a as ge pet my bpp et rg sso Pere (979, hay ne a seu te assy acpa,ae ecméso muh spent {ym ge pe ao ae le ‘ix Idan ice for hitman ‘standar for lor" ei phen de Set Wd ‘tert an ages ote wor or pein re tht hah ncn or ers wpe cr bo 2 Apolo esep erm wet Yo ad he des naming sap, pan oF ihesing realy” (Weer Th Nw ‘muatoalDenay The sie pice ofthe ant frm fe Homing dare, ering fee er hat 8 pee de, og” (ams 171,93) “hy a he oe of a psig soe 9 conto ten x rte ool parc ue: Thy the dt men using the uh fps (Nomar 19,1 “The stn on pal, fens exprion 8 a secay scene, of wh my eet omen epee” {Gesknan sd Cao, 1974, p19) Epa Te arc nays RST ‘Ta atl aeworl g e epi, ne ooeaptin dpe Pees (Tote HEARER) | poe (To he HEAR) oes, ls ee, eh eee ‘atl One ptt (00 pr SPEAKER) SPEAKER) enric objes form compound with he verh. They arena marked with te et jet mae, T ed 20 Sup ST (Ton, 17, Pesan ad English Howe, th m0 yea ‘jet or complet Sentence Pater 2 vg ne [tn MS re) o —_ Peo eee —|— ay ear Pein Sn ten we 8 eeeanas eae Stomeme twrowoe [enh nee oe “These pattern used a Porin excep thatthe verb and vert “Avriation of ti ptr combines ‘ere at» sr of Sum Sj vm van ee ed are _ eet } Beal Tis = ames waypean] Se 2 thee witte epurte commen |pe AB See ala S| Atiee ko tp ome | gids Eg Perian wes SAV or/ASV' sequent THe! Ba no ul Imran vets maya msdn pate. sea Tae gee ew] 2We dint mt Ate ated heron. Satie cae ca ar Sentence Patera 3 MON caine aes Time ee 2 Hinson eome —eaman Sie remin adem | tas gts sie inet Pak Sentence Pater 3 (Cont) a Taba iret mony ant | ae thee amt pak earn) eens oe ae a eg o cases! pelea ease pia ateuanal eet oe oak aa bagi ape SS sane mi) mee [OE ee nme pe poet ten faa, “pe Kinane oor me [as Em recereaiaeeth ecsctuaete ae pitt a ar ete et ie we Jad Ta ag Tag oe aS eae tor Aa ead oa 7D Bret. &, ean ot Os ASST bom Sanh BS) Ci ak Tent omen! ae Geen dal! oe piss) ame ome | ‘Tre suhjeetcomplenent i noanorabjctive wich lls someting stout the mij, ‘The lit ning vers, whch connect he jest 1 he complement, Jecadste flowing: be real, ay, aby tok sem, appa, et Sian Dems om, amt me, oe amet ste, oud fl Sheet gale « ine pi ave ete sje re yt be en 96 08 Se ae ‘se nt» ee mp : he Srcescotunngre tema pepion, 7 sop te pc Rs ‘yh tu pate eu ihe ane main) fe wl isan we nerd wo gs 1S ee Nee is 2/8 ma cg of he we conte wth bese me tase wet te colon ewe gs 12 the esta Co ne) ot Cl ge ena thant : ey the ompemet sone gully (ly slo the nj any ne pen 08 sSismeemerenaemer oy oes Piper ugar rome mesure qui o° sabe esi st ttae Reece e871 9 PERLE lta ob pe we mem Shee eno abcd a Gmat /or CE) + : sats cae 1) NP jon) 4NCO# eA or aS + 8F archi oe Ag) + nce’ sonnet afc whe an NP es ees Te ae quiy ay be gua by pang «mene wnt ere se sie wpe exten) Engh ad by ting in plot "hor nthe sore pat in th eons arapaphy em 1 ny tet ling “tome pit pc in tin, aise, some so feast, wether condos and “Idan the penn (reponse to he eprint sch at Whee im a= Se ee SS a == = a ae es ends “Sep yey emmy aa: ee ae one ot * é cs so sh. me ae cama ae oe Ga thot tee | SE basic :. Go pee ne ace I hws fweewenian tna} seme Bree Sect i hewasnus-taistean|ociwncde tea aigadwaa chkomion [ccisckr nly SRR a erento aercae Hat vebminaniemen [ncie tea eae In Persian, the ajo an wl be delete in hi astern. ‘Wien the subjects a ase, a paeipit phrase or & ‘nominal that

    You might also like