d

Name Shahab Murtaza

Sap Id 70113857
Section (D)
Subject Current Affairs
Submitted to Ma’am Ifrah Mir
Assignment (01)

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Table of Contents
Indicators in PTI Government .................................................................................................... 4
Poverty: ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Governance Indicator:.................................................................................................................. 4
Corruption ............................................................................................................................ 4
Crime rate............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Credit Rating:................................................................................................................................ 4
Education: .................................................................................................................................. 5
Health:............................................................................................................................................ 5
Water: ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Water scarcity:............................................................................................................................. 5
Drinkable water: .......................................................................................................................... 5
Production and Consumption pattern: ....................................................................................... 5
Demographics:............................................................................................................................... 6
Natural Hazards: .......................................................................................................................... 6
Land: .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Agricultural land: ........................................................................................................................ 6
Deforestation: .............................................................................................................................. 6
Bio diversity:.................................................................................................................................. 6
Maritime Security: ........................................................................................................................ 7
Energy Resources: ........................................................................................................................ 7
Global Trade partnership: ........................................................................................................... 7
Indicators in Pml-n Government ................................................................................................. 7
Poverty: .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Governance Indicator:.................................................................................................................. 7
Corruption ................................................................................................................................... 7
Crime rate: ................................................................................................................................... 8

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Economic development:................................................................................................................ 8
Education:...................................................................................................................................... 9
Water: ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Water scarcity:............................................................................................................................. 9
Drinkable water: .......................................................................................................................... 9
Production and Consumption pattern: ..................................................................................... 10
Demographics:............................................................................................................................. 10
Natural Hazards: ........................................................................................................................ 10
Land: ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Bio diversity:................................................................................................................................ 11
Maritime Security: ...................................................................................................................... 11
Energy Resources ........................................................................................................................ 11
Global Trade partnership: ......................................................................................................... 12
Refrences :……………………………………………………………………………………....11

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Indicators in PTI Government

Poverty:
In the current news World Bank has d estimated that the poverty ratio in Pakistan at 39.2
per cent in 2022.

Governance Indicator:
 Corruption:
In this government Pakistan is on 124th number from 180 countries
 Crime Rate
Crime Rate in this government is 3.88
Economic Development:

ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN (22 September 2021) — Pakistan's economic growth rebounded to

3.9% in fiscal year (FY) 2021 (ending 30 June 2021) and is expected to reach 4.0% in FY2022 as
business activity gradually resumes in the second year of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pandemic, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) .

Credit Rating:

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Pakistan stands at B- with stable outlook. Moody's credit
rating for Pakistan was last set at B3 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Pakistan was
last reported at B- with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth
funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Pakistan thus having a
big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit
rating for Pakistan as reported by major credit rating agencies.

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Education:
 Literacy rate:
The Pakistan Economic Survey revealed Thursday that the country's literacy rate increased by
two percent to 60% in 2018-19 from 62.3% in 2020-22. The bump in the literacy rate was
witnessed among the population aged 15 years and above, the survey said, noting that the
literacy rate in the urban areas was higher at 74% as compared to the rural areas with a rate of
51%.

Health:
Pakistan is a developing country due to it, its resources are limited. In the current year's PSDP
2021-2022, PKR 21.7 billion has been allocated to the Ministry of National Health Services,
Regulation, and Coordination for 40 new and ongoing schemes this is a 50 percent increase from
the budget allocated to the Ministry last year. This government also launches Sehat Card from
this card every family will access to every private or government hospital and can take discount
1,000,000 every year.

Water:
 Water scarcity:
The government of Pakistan's Sindh province received 5.38 million acre-feet of irrigated water in
2021, down 35% from the previous year's allocation. The shortfall has harmed the red chili,
cotton, and rice crops the most.

 Drinkable water:
In Pakistan, about 20% of the population has access to safe drinking water. Due to a lack of clean
and nutritious drinking water sources, the remaining 80% of the population is compelled to
consume contaminated water.

Production and Consumption pattern:

Minister of Finance Shaukat Tarin delivered the Economic Survey 2020-21 on Thursday, stating
that Pakistan's GDP growth was 3.94 percent in the previous fiscal year, compared to the target
of 2.1 percent, remittances reached a new high, and exports will reach $25 billion.

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Demographics:

The current population of Pakistan is 228,162,754 as of Tuesday, March 15, 2022, based on
World meter elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Pakistan 2020 population is estimated
at 220,892,340 people at mid year according to UN data. Pakistan population is equivalent to
2.83% of the total world population.

Natural Hazards:

Pakistan is prone to natural hazards such as drought, floods, heat waves, extreme cold, and
earthquakes. According to the Climate Risk Index 2021, Pakistan ranks eighth for countries
most affected by extreme weather events between 2000 and 2019. This was followed with the
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in February 2020 and
contributed to health and economic shocks, a disruption in education, and increased food
insecurity. In September 2020, the Government declared a national emergency due to heavy
monsoon rains that triggered major floods in Sindh Province and affected an estimated 2.4
million people.

Land:
 Agricultural land:
Agriculture accounts for 18.5 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). 22.1
million hectares are cultivated out of a total area of 79.6 million hectares; the rest is cultivated
waste, highly inhabited woods, and rangelands.

 Deforestation:
Deforestation and forest degradation are major issues in Pakistan. Forests cover less than 5% of
the total land area. The rate of deforestation is alarmingly high at 1.5 percent.

Bio diversity:

Pakistan is rich in biodiversity, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions which cover almost
80% of the total land area. A number of animal and plant species are threatened or endangered
largely due to over-exploitation and loss of natural habitat. For example Markhor, Himalayan
brown bear, Snow leopards, Pallas cats, Black bucks etc.

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Maritime Security:

On Wednesday, December 4, 2019, the School of Politics and International Relations at Quaid-i-
Azam University, in partnership with the Maritime Study Forum, hosted a one-day seminar on
"Pakistan's Maritime Security: Challenges and Potential. Prof. Dr. Nazir Hussain, Director SPIR,
underscored the importance of marine security for Pakistan in his introductory remarks,
emphasizing the necessity to promote the sector at the academic level. He praised MSF for its
efforts to raise awareness about maritime security and Pakistan's socioeconomic situation.

Energy Resources:

According to National Electric Power Regulatory Authority's (NEPRA) 2019 yearly report,
Pakistan's total installed power generation capacity is 39000 MW, of which 66% of energy
comes from thermal (fossil fuels), 24% from hydro, and 6% from renewable (wind, solar and
bagasse) and 4% from nuclear.

Global Trade partnership:

The United States and Pakistan have a strong economic and commercial relationship, with two-
way trade reaching approximately $6.81 billion in 2020. The United States is one of Pakistan’s
largest trading partners and continues to be one of the leading sources of foreign direct
investment. Exports from the United States to Pakistan reached $2.91 billion in 2020, a 10
percent increase over $2.64 billion in 2019. The United States was Pakistan’s largest export
market in 2020 at $3.9 billion, a 0.5 percent decrease from the previous year. American
companies have profitable operations across a range of sectors, mainly fast-moving consumer
goods, agriculture, financial services, franchising, information and communication technology,
renewable energy, and health care services. Since 2012, China has emerged as Pakistan's largest
trading partner replacing the United States. In recent years, the biggest trade deficits were
recorded with China, India, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Malaysia.

Indicators in PML-N Government:

Poverty:

According to a new UNDP research, Pakistan pushed 6.2 percent of its population out of acute
poverty during the five-year term of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), yet the
number of people living in multidimensional poverty rose to 38.3 percent in 2018. According to
the new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which is based on data up to fiscal year 2017-
18, the incidence of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan is 38.3 percent, but the intensity is
significantly higher at 51.7 percent. On Wednesday, the report was made public.

Governance Indicator:
 Corruption:
Pakistan's ranking has steadily declined during the PTI leadership. It fell to 120th place out of
180 countries in 2019, 124th place in 2020, and 140th place in 2021. During the PML-N

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government, the country was ranked 117th out of 180 countries in 2018. Transparency
International discovered in their analysis that nations that violate civil liberties routinely score
lower on the CPI. Complacency in the face of corruption exacerbates human rights violations
and undermines democracy, creating a vicious cycle. Authoritarianisms replace these rights and
freedom as democracy erodes, contributing to even higher levels of corruption.
 Crime rate:

Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of

domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, and violent conflicts over land resources, integrant
violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional
homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of
the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed
conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is
thus usually excluded.

 Pakistan crime rate & statistics for 2018 was 3.88, a 1.96% decline from 2017.
 Pakistan crime rate & statistics for 2017 was 3.96, a 5.29% decline from 2016.
 Pakistan crime rate & statistics for 2016 was 4.18, a 12.08% decline from 2015.
 Pakistan crime rate & statistics for 2015 was 4.76, a 30.03% decline from 2014.

Economic development:

Economic crises are NOT earthquakes which strike without warning; they are culmination of
years of excesses and misguided macroeconomic policies. The argument that unraveling of
Pakistan’s economy is a consequence of Supreme Court’s disqualification of Nawaz Sharif on
July 28, 2017 is beyond ludicrous. While some of the effects of unchecked debt infused growth
of past several years have started to unfold, a lot remains below the surface especially in the
energy sector which shall be raising its ugly head in the coming months. The macroeconomic
legacy of PML-N government is comprises the following:
• Massive external current account deficit
• Huge budget deficit.
Consolidated budget deficit for FY2018 is estimated at Rs. 2,300 billion (6.8%) of GDP. Even
in FY2017, the budget deficit was a hefty Rs. 1,860 billion (5.8% of GDP).
• Large external debt.
Total external debt and liabilities have increased to a massive $ 92 billion by March 2018 and
the number would be much higher for June 2018. Total external debt & liabilities were $61
billion in June 2013.
• Large public debt burden.
Total public debt (external plus domestic) has crossed 72% of GDP in June 2018, which is far
higher than the mandatory limit of 60% set under the fiscal responsibility and debt limitation
act.

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 • Energy sector iceberg
• Collapse of international oil price
• Increase in home remittances
• CPEC as part of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
• Improved domestic law and order situation
• Overvalued Exchange Rate
• Fixation with Visibility over Value
• Absence of focus on agriculture and exports
• Lack of Reforms in Public Sector

Education:

 Literacy Rate:

The overall literacy rate was 18% while male and female literacy rate was 19%, 12%
respectively in 1951 in Pakistan. It augmented to 60%, 71%, and 49% respectively in 2018-19.
 Health:

The PML-N aims to achieve public spending of two percent of the GDP for health by 2018 to
achieve the targets set by the United Nations. The government did increase spending on health,
but only marginally so. The abysmal numbers fall well short of the intended targets.
Water:
 Water scarcity:
Pakistan is struggling to provide clean drinking water to its growing population. The ruling
Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) is seeking approval for a longstanding draft National
Water Policy (NWP) from the Council of Common Interests (CCI), which coordinates power-
sharing between federal and provincial governments. Pakistan’s next general election is due mid-
year.
Impacts

1. Water shortages over the summer may prompt anti-government protests ahead of the
election.
2. The agricultural sector may see more efforts to invest in water-saving techniques.
3. Pakistan and India will struggle to resolve their water-sharing dispute relating to the
Indus Waters Treaty.

 Drinkable water:
Due to alarming growth in populace and fast industrialization, ingesting water exceptional is
being deteriorated daily in Pakistan. This assessment sums up the consequences of diverse
studies research carried out for ingesting water exceptional reputation of various regions of
Pakistan via way of means of considering the physicochemical homes of ingesting water in
addition to the presence of diverse pathogenic microorganisms. About 20% of the entire

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populace of Pakistan has get admission to secure ingesting water. The final 80% of populace is
pressured to apply risky ingesting water because of the shortage of secure and healthful ingesting
water resets. The number one supply of infection is sewerage (fecal) that is notably discharged
into ingesting water gadget components. Secondary supply of pollutants is the disposal of
poisonous chemical substances from commercial effluents, pesticides, and fertilizers from
agriculture resets into the water bodies. Anthropogenic sports reason waterborne illnesses that
represent approximately 80% of all illnesses and are accountable for 33% of deaths. This
assessment highlights the ingesting water exceptional, infection reasserts, sanitation situation,
and results of risky ingesting water on humans. There is instant want to take protecting measures
and remedy technology to triumph over unhygienic situation of ingesting water components in
exceptional regions of Pakistan.

Production and Consumption pattern:

The challenges faced by industry have seen Pakistani exports drop from $25bn in 2013 to $22bn
in 2017, according to central bank data, stretching Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves and
putting further stress on the country’s current account deficit. To put the external sector in a
more sustainable footing it will be important to address constraints to exports’ competitiveness,
including an overvalued exchange rate, a weak investment environment and a trade policy that at
times hurts rather than supports exports, says Enrique Blanco Armors, the World Bank’s lead
economist on Pakistan. All of that means that there is a larger, familiar crisis on the horizon.

Demographics:

Pakistan has lifted 6.2% of its population out of acute poverty during five-year term of Pakistan
Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), as the number of people living in multidimensional poverty
stood at 38.3% in 2018, states a new report of the United Nations Development Programmed.
The incidence of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan is 38.3% but the intensity is considerably
higher at 51.7%, according to the new Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) that is based on
data of up to fiscal year 2017-18.
Natural Hazards:
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (hereafter Pakistan) is affected by climate change, increased
urbanization, environmental degradation, and increasingly severe and larger scale natural
disasters. Pakistan is prone to natural hazards such as drought, floods, heat waves, extreme cold,
and earthquakes. According to the Climate Risk Index 2021, Pakistan ranks eighth for countries
most affected by extreme weather events between 2000 and 2019.

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Land:

• Agricultural Land:

The 2013-18 tenure of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) government proved quite
damaging for the agriculture sector when it posted a negative growth and cotton production hit
its lowest in recent history. During the PML-N’s five-year administration, the focus had mainly
been on textile tycoons while the farmers were at the mercy of these businessmen. In 2015-16,
the agriculture sector recorded a negative growth of 0.19% against growth projection of 3.9%,
which indicated the lack of attention paid to the farm sector. That government also allowed
cotton import from India at zero duty, benefitting Indian farmers and domestic textile millers
whereas local growers continued to suffer.

• Deforesting:

A survey conducted by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in 2017 found forest cover around
5.7% of all land in the country. Moreover, it noted that Pakistan had lost some 43,000 hectares
of forest every year from 2000 to 2010. This is half the size of the total land of Islamabad and is
the highest rate of deforestation in Asia.

Bio Diversity:
Pakistan is rich in biodiversity, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions which cover almost
80% of the total land area. A number of animal and plant species are threatened and/or
endangered largely due to over-exploitation and loss of natural habitat.

Maritime Security:

The establishment of Pakistan Maritime Security Agency has its genesis in the United Nations
Convention on Law Of the Sea -1982 (UNCLOS-82). This was a landmark convention that
streamlined most of the gray areas in the law of the sea. In order to consolidate the advantages
offered by UNCLOS-82, the requirement of enforcing National and International laws at sea
became a necessity. Thus, a National Maritime Affairs Coordination Committee was constituted
by the Government in 1983 to look into the new avenues offered by UNCLOS-82. Deliberations
of the Maritime Affairs Coordination Committee first led to the establishment of a Maritime
Affairs Wing in the Ministry of Defiance in May 1986.
Energy Resources:
The National Power Policy 2013 issued by the Government of Pakistan (herein referred to as
Government) aims to develop an efficient and consumer-centric power generation, transmission
and distribution system that meets the needs of the people and boosts the economy of the country
in a sustainable and affordable manner. The goals of the policy are explicitly defined, as are the
resulting targets and the extent of meeting the targets, which will gauge the success of the policy.

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Targets of the prescribed policy include complete elimination of load shedding; a decrease in the
average cost of electricity generation; a decrease in transmission and distribution losses from 23–
25% to 16%; an increase in revenue collection from 85% to 95%; and a reduction in the time
required for decision making at the ministry level or other related departments to a minimum.
The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) has initiated inquiries into alleged corruption in a
number of energy-related projects of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) government.
Some of these projects include Sahiwal and Port Qasim coal power projects, recent increase in
gas pricing, audit of Independent Power Projects (IPPs) and Quaid-i-Azam Solar Power Project.
The projects were launched by the PML-N government to overcome electricity loadshedding in
the country. It has been learnt that Sahiwal and Port Qasim coal power projects and Quaid-i-
Azam Solar Project are comparatively costlier than other power projects. A recent bidding for
Jamshoro coal power projects revealed that the highest bid for it was more than 50 per cent lower
than the bids received for Sahiwal and Port Qasim projects.

Global Trade partnership:

The debate on free trade and protectionism is ravaging in recent years. The industrialized
countries are losing more and more market to the benefit of emerging countries. Liberals worry
about new tariff barriers, while protectionists fear that unevenly distributed losses and gains will
lead to significant economic dislocation of workers in import-competing industries. The
economic policy of restricting imports and the economic policy of opening exports remain two
critical measures of international trade. This study uses the gravity model to investigate the
impacts of trade policy measures on trade flows between Pakistan and its dominant trading
pattern for the period 2006 to 2015. The findings revealed the statistically significant correlation
of trade policy variables on exports and imports. The study extended the analysis by examining
four specificities groups of trade policy and continuing the analysis by estimating different
country groups according to geographical or organizational clusters. The findings indicated that
the specificities of trade policy have a statistically significant effect on exports and imports.
Moreover, the signs of the coefficients are opposite in both models. The main political
implication is that the proliferation of free trade agreements can have a positive impact on
international trade.

References:
 https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/7/3/pakistans-pml-n-delivers-economic-growth-
but-at-what-cost
 https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/nbsap_1st_draft_23_3_15.pdf
 https://www.pbs.gov.pk/

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