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    8 views7 pages

    Gizmo Boyles Law and Charles Law PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abdulsalam Omotosho

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Student Exploration: Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law Vocabullary: absolute zero, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay-Lussac’s law, Kelvin scale, pressure os Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.) A small helium tank measures about two feet (60 cm) high. Yet it can fil over 50 balloons! How can such a small tank contain enough helium to fill so many balloons? A vehion Sule nas a li f (fies. Aah qo Jott Thess alot sfundecles Jo Pill up a NM 4anle can Gizmo Warm-up ‘The Boyle's Law and Charles's Law Gizmo ‘shows a contair of gas. Inside, small purple spheres represent gas molecules, 1. Observe the particles. Are they all moving at the same speed? Ades atefaeter Han ORS 2. How do the particles interact with the walls and lid of the container? he, post ikes Younee fh the walls Ok Va of the Container and rn np with other AtAGS « These interactions contribute to the pressure on the walls of the container. Pressure is defined as force per unit area. The SI units of pressure are newtons per square meter (Nim?), or pascals (Pa). 3. Slowly drag the temperature (7) slider back and forth, (Note: In this Gizmo, the Kelvin’ stale is used to measure temperature. On the Kelvin scale, 0 degrees is absolute zero, the Coldest possible temperature. Absolute zero is equal to -273.15 °C or -459.67 °F) ‘A. How does the change in temperature affect the speed of the molecules? sf the, Ade SP ik 4 006 gown icles Gre and Move slower ; B. How does the change in temperature affect the volume of the container? AP the tempowtie, Ie and he Coane will merodse 5A volume, Get the Gizmo read) * Set the temperature (7) to 300 K. ‘+ Check that the mass (m) is set to 0 kg. Activity A: Boyle's law Question: How does pressure affect the volume of a gas? 1. Form hypothesis: In this experiment, you will pile weights on the lid ofthe container of gas. ‘What do you think will happen as more weight is added to the lid? \ ie 5 7 SA of #1 {ner then) The 1:8 will go Sownens qhe molecules will com press 2. Notice: Look at the BESCRIPTION pane. What is the mass of the id?__" tes How much pressure does the lid exert on the gas?__ 4.51 N/m™ 3. Collect data: With the temperature held constant at 300 K, use the Select mass slider to Place weights on the lid. Record the pressure and volume of the gas for each added mass. Ponta ta (lid Sealed nese) Pressure* Volume one 10kg 48.1 Wn? 54m os ook Wa .2 N Im 1.27 m> —- x6 244.3 Ne] ©, 65m? aL] =* “B42 Ant ©. 64 m? “This model does not include atmospheric pressure, which is 101,325 N/m2. 4. Analyze: As the pressure increases at constant temperature, what happens to the volume of the gas? yy Mnecenges Leases This relationship is called Boyle's law. 5. Calculate: Compare the pressure and volume values in your data table. ‘A. How did doubling the pressure change the gas volume? \Jmlume_\NOS divided vy % B, How did tripling the pressure change the gas volume? Volome wos dtucdes oys C. How did quadrupling the pressure change the gas volume? Vpluime woe asyided oy 4, (Activity A continued on next page) er ee 2 Activity A (continued from previous page) 6. Predict: If the added mass on the lid was 50 kg, a total mass of 60 kg would exert pressure on the gas inside the container. What will be the volume of the gas? O36 a> 7. Test: Test your prediction using the Gizmo. What is the volume of the gas? Or Y L A ed ‘Was your prediction correct? __ fy) 8. Create a graph: On the GRAPH tab, select Vvs. P. Set m to 0 kg, and click Record to plot 4 point on the graph. Plot a point for each possible mass to create a graph showing the relationship between pressure and volume. When your graph is completed, click the camera (@2) icon to take a snapshot. Right-click the image, and click Copy Image. Paste the image into a blank word-processing document, and label the graph "Volume vs. Pressure.” ‘A. Whats the shape of the graph? ain L_6 hv otny F ny a arc Onstage going Crom top to betta B. How does this graph illustrate Boyle’s law? NOv_Gan see 4het as Mass Hu ~ vi Z er: freceases. C. How do you think the graph might change if the temperature was held constant at a figher temperature, say 400 K? pate eel oe igen ope Foon gst : Oo he he oN Seccease _ wee wiht in new e Sime wrens fas 9. Apply: Think about a small helium tank that can fill 50 balloons. What must be true about the helium in the tank compared to the helium in the balloons? The heltur inthe, tani is COMMpresses an Wd male pesove, sine helium j= eqas . The helts¢n ‘an Wwe o let oF fressue bt ome volume were lore vheg putin te Yellen the presses (ieesue, olbcrOgs es eon Increase (blow v/2,) Lh es Of boviec athen Vole Intenses making Lhe Volume #7? te pull mM So WOON WN a tonto Ie volume bu} alot of preeure whilt, Weltvm in a valloon hos a lot morevolume buh lithe pressure, Get the Gizmo ready: * On the SIMULATION pane, set Tto 100 K and m to Okg, Activity B: Charles's law Question: How does temperature affect the volume of a gas? 1. Form hypothesis: How do you think the volume of a gas will change as the temperature rises and ais? 1P-the,” FONDerwtijre: ps 23 ved tt Seo wii the volume AML de (eotume Rails so.w'll the -volyme 2. Collect data: Without changing the mass on the lid, record the pressure and volume of the gas at each of the given temperatures. Temperature Pressure* Volume 100 K AB -10 Nim? | O56 m? 200K. 44.10 N Jm*® 4.76 m* 300 k fn? ye Fa m> 400 K Nha 3.34 mF 500K 1B. 10N/n® 4.24 m3 “This model does not include atmospheric pressure, which is 101,325 N/m? 3. Analyze: As the temperature increases at constant pressure, what happens to the volume of the gas? ined at co 0 This relationship is called Charles's law. 4. Explain: Based on the motions of the gas molecules, why do you think the volume changed as it did when the temperature was increased? when Ye, en Peau, Lintcersed tne gas malecvies had more spare 10 move aiovily faste, andthe S cy| Mo, Brace OF. WOW because Hof OE lqyas oprah Te, yee Cun ExPand. « 5. Tit about it: Why do you think the pressure was the same in each test? ince + weig\re OF dhe vs wae We zaMe ia cach dead rire pessue (Activity B continued on next page) °*' On he ir is Also The same © 20119 ExploreLearning® All rights reserved oQ Activity B (continued from previous page) 6. Calculate: Compare the pressure and volume values in your data table. ‘A. How did doubling the temperature affect the gas voume? Toluma Loubled B. How did tripling the temperature affect the gas volume? JO) wine, terpled C. How did quadrupling the temperature affect the gas volume? Volume quadapled 7. Predict: Suppose the temperature was 50 K. What willbe the volume of the gas? Od7m> 8. Test: Test your prediction using the Gizmo. What is the volume of the gas?_(. 4 Z m2 Was your prediction correct? MBro 8. Create a graph: On the GRAPH tab, select Vvs. T. Set Tto 50 K, and click Record to plot a Point on the graph. Plot a point every 50 degrees to create a graph showing the relationship, between temperature and volume. When your graph is complete, click the camera icon to take a snapshot. Paste the image into your document, and label the graph “Volume vs. Temperature.” ‘A. What is the shape of the graph? ER mne from down to vp: B. How does this graph illustrate Charles's law? the. «Shows ho the yesvy is constan' xf the tempenth incense 50 does the volume Uineoo ly, 10. Apply: Based on what you learned, what would happen to a balloon placed in the freezer? Teoweuls shotnle becuse se the tempertve toolstown $0 oN the Vo lume. What would happen to a balloon placed in a warm oven? (Assume it doesnt pop.) t+ qpovld eneats —messuse 4s the Sempestue Imueettn +0 wll the Whe CHding ute expand, 11. Think and discuss: Consider temperature, pressure, and volume. How does the mathematical relationship in Boyle’s law compare to that in Charles's law? i 95 AS To, poate isc ; . 2 i 2 shig in why iF the tembecature inenenses So Will the volume as long as Pressure is constant. Get the Gizmo ready: ‘* On the SIMULATION pane, set Tto 300 K and m to 15 kg. + Tum on the Constant volume checkbox. Question: How does temperature affect the pressure of a gas when volume is constant? 1. Form hypothesis: Ifthe volume of a gas is held constant, how do you think the pressure will change as temperature increases? 5 f Ot 2. Collect data: Select the TABLE tab. Record the pressure when T= 100 K, 200 K, and so forth up to 00 K. (Note: The volume will remain constant at 1.02 m®,) Temperature Pressure Tomes 100K 146+20 N/m \4@ Pa Iie 200K 1. 4@2 0a [ie 300K L 1 2o fic 400 K { 500 K 4<1.06 N]m* 1 4e2 Pa] 3. Analyze: Divide the pressure by the temperature to fill in the last column of the table, Since ‘Nim? is equal to 1 pascal (Pa), write the units of the ratio as PalK. ‘A. When the volume is held constant, how does the pressure change as. temperature increases? \ the + Mnerense, B. What do you notice about the ratio of pressure to temperature, when volume is constant? the, -¢ U0 i allway) 146 Gay-Lussac’s law states that, at ee Volume, the ratio of pressure to temperature is constant. As temperature increases, pressure increases as well 4. Explain: Based on the motions of the gas molecules, why do you think the pressure changed as it did when the temperature was increased?_As te ane Annet, HnUCenoes the woletvlye move Reber maleny en eta 2908 Loree, (Activity C continued on next page) OF cs\lisiond beween wolewes ang prewallc MESES makes the preseu” on the Walls ine 45e- PENS Activity C (continued from previous page) 5. Calculate: Compare the pressure and temperature values in your data table, A. At constant volume, how did doubling the temperature affect the pressure? Aovbliny=sesnpeatye dover the _pibssuce B. How did tripling the temperature affect the pressure? pressure +r‘ pled C. How did quadrupling the temperature affect the gas pressure? piessure. guadeyded 1. Create a graph: Record the pressure for temperatures of 50 K, 150 K, 250 K, 350 K, and 480 K. On the GRAPH tab, select P vs. 7. Click the camera icon to take a snapshot. Paste the image into your document, and label the graph ‘Pressure vs. Temperature.” ‘A. What is the shape of the graph? _O 5: B. How does this graph ilustrate Gay-Lussac’'s law? THiS aS (0) Nolome S Ww Te tS inceasé§ 50 ts pressure . 2. Apply: Based on what you leaned, what do you think would happen if you placed a sealed Container of gas into a fire? wil 5 ear. oF -L kaw so will the preceuee. Ths will hogpen Ut! the, enand exposes OD bulces. 3. Challenge: Combine Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Gay-Lussac’s law into a single Proportional relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (7). Use the ‘symbol “ec” to represent "is proportional to.” PY CT Explain your reasoning. Chin is toni LeseJ@ stuys Constant IP volom, gooe up go 08S dempewture. Guy-Lvssac's law iy 0s ny _ wolume shag the te y £ ws! ve. This means +2. Omid of Prebowe Limes “wo\wne tp propo dina| yo terngeralit, This on be goon tn Boyle's Lays thal t¢ eMmpendWro i

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