10 Ratio, Proportion and Unitary Method ¢ RATIO OF NUMBERS = The ratio of two nonzero numbers a and b ts the fraction i; and we b Write itas a: b read as ‘a is to b’. In the ratio a: b we call a the first term or antecedent and b the second term o, consequent. ‘EXAMPLE 3:5 ts a ratio in which first term is 3 and the second term and we define 3:5, as=- 5 AN IMPORTANT RESULT We know that a fraction does not change when its numerator and denominator are multiplied or divided by the same nonzero number. So, a ratio does not change when its first and second terms are multiplied or dtvided by the same nonzero number. 2x4_ 8 373x412 8'1% 60 _ 60+5 145 =— = == (ii) 60 45 4505 9 EXAMPLES: (i) EQUIVALENT RATIOS On multiplying (or dividing) each term of a ratio by the same nonzero a number we get a ratio equivalent to the given ratio. EXAMPLES (i) As shown above, 2 : 3 and 8 : 12 are equivalent ratios, (ii) As shown above, 60 : 45 and 12 : 9 are equivalent ratios RATIO IN SIMPLEST FORM The ratioa : bis sald fo be in the simplest form if the HF of aand bts 1. \meves (i) The ratio 11 : 15 ts in the simplest form since the HCF of 11 and 16 ts 1. (i) The ratio 15 : 20 1s not in the simplest form since the HCF of 15 and 201s 5, not } TOCONVERT A GIVEN RATIOTOITS SIMPLEST FORM To convert a given ratio a:b to lls ae simplest form, we divide each term by the HCF of a and b, EXAMPLE 1. Convert the ratio 40 : 25 in its simplest form. Solution _HCF of 40 and 25 is 5. 40_40+5_ 8 40:25 = 55 = Ses Hence, the simplest form of 40 : 25 is 8 : 5. 8:5.Ratio, Proporti 22 Exp ion and U; guru ‘press the ratio 87 : 58 in sim : itary Method ' iplest form, y quiton HOF of 87 and 58 is 29 87:58 = 87 _ 87+29 3 58" 584297 97 5:2 gg. OF TWO QUANTITIES IN SAME UNrr ‘Ss v hhe ratio of two quantities is deft ed 0 ey are e uni E 0 qui 0 es nly when they ai in the same june’. Suppose that Kunal’ pose ‘Kunal 'S Welght is 28 kg and Tanvy's weight Is 32 kg, 7! ight) : (Tanvy's weight) = 28 kg: 32 kg = 28: 32 ene 28 _ 28+ | . 32° 32+ ratio of Kunal's weight to Tanvy's weit 7 8 gwie2. Find the ratio of 40 cm to 1.5 m. iutn 1.5 m= (1.5 x100) cm = 150m 40 cm: 1.5m = 40cm: 150 cm Hence, the required ratio is 4 : 15. SOLVED EXAMPLES pai, ‘The length and the breadth of a rectangular park are 75 mand 60 m respectively. What ts the ratio of the length to the breadth of the park? Siution Length of the park = 75 m. Breadth of the park = 60 m. 3 Tength : breadth = 751m: 60 m= 75 60 75 75+15_5 5.4 ps = 60 60+ ois: 4 the HCF of 75 and 60 is 15). 4 Hence, the required rati cil is 16cm and its diameter i: cil to that of tts length? in the same unit, we get Bawle2 The length of a per 1s 6 mm, What ts the ratio of the diameter of the pen Stun Taking both the quantities! diameter of the pencil m1, = = M = 160 \. Jength of the pencil = 16 (6x mms a ais | (diameter of pencil) = lenath of PRCT = 2 Skea. ed ratio is 3 : 80. Hence, the requir® Bueies Fund the ratio af 90m 19 19 ™ 1e same unit, We have: non ee resco = 18 © 90 _ 9080. 4, the HCF of 90 and 150s 30] = j50 150+30 2223: atio is 3: 5. Hence, the given