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Measuring Motion
1. What is motion defied as?
Motion is defied as an object having a change in position.
2. What is a position?
A position is the point or area occupied by a physical object.
3. What is a reference point?
A reference point is a stationary point of comparison used to measure the distance an
object has moved.
4. What is Distance?
Distance is how far an object travels.
5. What is Speed?
Speed is how fast or slow something is moving
‐Calculating distance = speed x time
‐Calculating time = distance/speed
‐Calculating speed =distance/time
6. What is an accurate way to measure speed?
Light gates.
This is constant speed This is resting
‐ The steeper the gradient the faster the speed
‐ The steeper the slope in the graph the faster the speed
7. What does equal spacings tell us?
It tells us that the object is moving at a constant speed. (It would be a straight line
sloping upwards)
8. What does increasing spacing tell us?
It tells us that the object is speeding up. (It would be a curved line going upwards on a
bar chart)
9. What does decrease spacing tell us?
It tells us that the object is slowing down. (It would be a curved line going downwards
on a bar chart)
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA3_DMTkiec for more info about ticker tape timers.
Sound
10. What is Sound?
Sound is a type of energy that is heard when objects vibrate
11. What is Vibration?
A quick back and forth movement.
12. What is sound made by?
Sound is made by air molecules vibrating.
13. How does sound travel?
Sound travels by waves through the air.
14. What is a Pitch?
A pitch is how loud or soft a sound is (or) Rate of which vibrations are produced.
15. What is a frequency?
A frequency is the number of vibrations or waves per second.
16. What are Hertz?
Hertz are the measurement of frequency.
17. What is Loudness (Volume)?
Loudness (Volume) is how loud or soft a sound is.
‐ The height of the waves can tell us its loudness and vibration
‐ The number of peaks can tell us the frequency of the sound
‐ The more waves per second (or the higher the frequency) the higher the pitch
‐ Low frequency sound waves = low pitch
‐ High frequency sound waves = high pitch
‐ Loud sounds have a lot of energy
‐ Soft Sounds have a little energy
18. What is amplitude?
The amplitude is the maximum distance the particles in a wave vibrate from their rest
positions.
19. What is loudness characterized by?
Loudness is characterized by high volume and intensity
20. Who was the Decibels (DB) named after?
They were named after Alexander Graham Bell. (Inventor of the telephone and audio
meter)
21. What does 1 wave equal
1 wave = 1 hertz (htz)
eg.
This graph shows 2 waves per seconds so it is 2 hertz per second
22. What does pitch depend on?
Pitch depends on frequency
23. What does loudness depend on?
Loudness depends on amplitude
24. What should we do to measure frequency of a vibration?
You have to time a large number of complete vibrations
‐ 1 htz = 1 Hz = 1 vibration per second
‐ Time for oscillation/time = frequency
eg.
25. What does sound need to travel through to hear it?
Sound needs to go through a median to hear it and without 1 you wouldn’t be able to
hear it.
26. What is the medium of propagation of sound?
‐ Solid
‐ Liquid
‐ Gas
27. What is a Vacuum?
A Vacuum is an empty space with no air in it.
Eg. Space
28. Does sound need materials to travel?
Yes, they do
29. Describe how sound gets to you
Molecules vibrate one another until they reach our ears.
30. What are oscilloscopes?
They are images that can visualize sound (since you can’t see sound) and project them
as images of sound waves.
31. How can a trace be made in an oscilloscope?
By speaking in the microphone very loudly
‐ Loud Sound = More Waves
‐ Soft Sound = Less Waves
‐ High Sound = Tall Waves
‐ Low Sound = Small Waves
32. Explain how sound travels through our ears and into our Brains
Vibration of air go into the ear canal and hit the ear drums and 3 bones, it then hits the
cochlea and sends the signal to the nerves to alert the brain.
33. Why cannot people of old age hear faint and high‐pitched sounds?
As our sense of hearing deteriorates as we grow older.
34. What can be used to hear the highest and lowest notes?
Signal Generators
35. How low can most people hear?
20 HZ
36. How high can young people hear?
20,000 HZ (20 KHZ)
37. How high can people of old age hear?
15,000 HZ (15 KHZ)
38. How much Hertz is beyond human hearing and who uses it?
Above 20,000 HZ is beyond humans to hear and most animals use it.
39. How does ultrasound work for bats?
Bats make high pitched screeches and listens to the reflective waves coming back to
them.