I, What is critical thinking?

Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally,

understanding the logical connection between ideas.  Critical thinking has been the subject of much
debate and thought since the time of early Greek philosophers such as Plato and Socrates and has
continued to be a subject of discussion into the modern age, for example the ability to recognise fake
news.
Critical thinking might be described as the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking.

In essence, critical thinking requires you to use your ability to reason. It is about being an active learner
rather than a passive recipient of information.

Critical thinkers rigorously question ideas and assumptions rather than accepting them at face value.
They will always seek to determine whether the ideas, arguments and findings represent the entire
picture and are open to finding that they do not.

Critical thinkers will identify, analyse and solve problems systematically rather than by intuition or
instinct

Critical thinking can be divided into two categories:

• Self-regulating critical thinking: This is the process by which each person argues with his or
her own views internally. We will judge for ourselves, refute the subjective things in our
initial thinking. Self-improvement and the most complete critical content.
• External critical thinking: In a community, each individual will have different ways of
thinking and reasoning. From there, opinions and opinions will also deviate from each other
and may deviate from the truth. Foreign critical thinking...
There are 3 steps:
1. Awareness: Being aware of the problem and looking at things and problems in different
angles = > find advantages and disadvantages.
2. Assessment: Make the most objective assessments.
3. Problem criticism: Countering false opinions and giving the right information by pointing
out the problem and finding factual evidence that strengthens that opinion while making the
right argument about your own opinion.

Lời dẫn: You should be aware that none of us think critically all the time.

Sometimes we think in almost any way but critically, for example when our self-control is affected by anger, grief or joy or
when we are feeling just plain ‘bloody minded’.

On the other hand, the good news is that, since our critical thinking ability varies according to our current mindset, most of the time
we can learn to improve our critical thinking ability by developing certain routine activities and applying them to all problems that
present themselves.
Once you understand the theory of critical thinking, improving your critical thinking skills takes persistence and practice.

{Bạn nên biết rằng không ai trong chúng ta luôn suy nghĩ chín chắn.

Đôi khi chúng ta suy nghĩ theo bất kỳ cách nào, nhưng chỉ có tính phê phán, chẳng hạn như khi sự tự chủ của chúng ta bị
ảnh hưởng bởi sự tức giận, đau buồn hay vui vẻ hoặc khi chúng ta cảm thấy đơn giản là 'đầu óc đẫm máu'.

Mặt khác, tin tốt là, vì khả năng tư duy phản biện của chúng ta thay đổi tùy theo suy nghĩ hiện tại của chúng ta, nên hầu hết
thời gian chúng ta có thể học cách cải thiện khả năng tư duy phản biện của mình bằng cách phát triển một số hoạt động
thường ngày và áp dụng chúng vào tất cả các vấn đề xảy ra. .

Một khi bạn hiểu lý thuyết về tư duy phản biện, việc cải thiện kỹ năng tư duy phản biện của bạn cần phải có sự kiên trì và
thực hành.}

Levels of critical thinking:

Level 1: Speaking clearly about a specific content the presentation and expression of unclear
views will make the listener difficult to understand and spend a lot of time explaining and
countering.
Level 2: Structure of speech Expressed according to the structure so that the listener
understands the problem, avoiding taking time to explain more. For example, when you
express your opinion in class you will begin your presentation with structure: "Sir, my view on
the matter is... The reason I made this comment is..."
Level 3: Basic arguments the argument may come from two or more sides to refute your
original opinion. What you need to do is make compelling arguments and evidence to defend
your point of view or absorb the other person's opinion if positive.
Level 4: Effective debate In order for the debate, the rhetoric to take place positively,
constructively, avoid becoming quarrels, you must identify the implicit assumptions set
behind the counter-opinion and have a logical and consistent critical thinking.
Level 5: Practice regularly Practicing critical thinking skills will help you have logical
thinking in judging and evaluating a problem or field.
Level 6: Effective thinking Now, it can be said that your critical thinking has reached a good
level, fully meeting the factors including: fairness, courage, integrity, humility, empathy and
perseverance.
what role does critical thinking ?
In social life:
- help people to go beyond the stereotypical way of thinking, habits are available. Learn,
discover new ideas and values of the problem.
- consciously see all problems from a new perspective. It stimulates creativity. Help people
think of a problem in different directions with different solutions.
- overcome the situation of one-sided, one-sided, subjective, willful problem recognition.
In the work:
- offer many different options and choose the optimal one;
- more aware of listening to and respecting the opinions of others and willingness to accept
objective truth.
- trying to understand the nature of the problem before drawing conclusions: Admit what is
wrong, admit the right of others.
In politics:
- help the leading and management staffs of the Party and State to improve their theoretical
thinking capacity, summarize practices, develop the right and effective guidelines, guidelines
and policies.
- actively contribute to the development and development of democracy and the rule of law:
strengthening the needs and possibilities of social criticism, policy criticism of socio - political
organizations, expanding the active participation of people in state management, Social
management.
In socio- culture:
- help people to recognize the right information, overcome information disturbances, follow
public opinion, rumors; acquire experience, knowledge and information from different
sources; Get the good, the good in society.
- have more skills to process information and situations in social life.
In science and technology:
- plays a particularly important role because science needs experiments, application through
doubts and criticisms.
- is one of the core qualities of the intellectual activity of the team of scientists and inventors.
In education- training:
- which is one of the most important and also the most difficult skills
- provides learners not only with how to solve problems but also how to raise problems.
- develop the capacity to think independently, receive and process information and knowledge.
Conclusion:
- Critical thinking helps people see the limitations and mistakes that are easy to make in their
thinking process, thereby making optimal judgments and judgments; having positive thoughts,
minimizing negative states of mind. Discover your inherent potentials, motivate yourself to
rise above yourself, assert yourself, and form an independent, self-reliant personality.
- Efforts to update and distill necessary, valuable and useful information for themselves;
improve access and information processing skills; present the problem creatively; make a
point/argument clearly; enhance the ability to think in an open, clear, reliable, non-hasty way;
Easy to get along with the group, the community.
- Moreover, critical thinking has become a driving force for social development, of great value
determining the success of social organization and the progress of humanity. Society has the
critical that society develops, avoids risks, promotes the improvement of the old and creates
the new. Critical thinking inherits the values in the old perspective, forming new perspectives
in order to transform perception and action in practice.

How to think critically?

1. Assess things objectively
- we must not think or solve problems emotionally or put the ego too much and see a problem.
Gradually you will have sharp arguments, evaluate the problem more logically and accurately,
- we need to have deep and extensive knowledge of the problem that needs to be countered,
knowledgeable the problem to be able to think, the foundational knowledge of critical thinking
2. Judging from simple questions:
To reach the high level, we need to practice from small things, small questions, small
problems that can help us gain more experience, knowledge so that we can think better in the
matter later.
3. Learn to observe and deepen the problem to thoroughly understand its nature, to look at
the problem in a far-reaching way.
4. Logical thinking
- consider the whole relevant issue before giving your own critical opinion. Besides, don't
rely too much on emotions to give that opinion. To provide the most evidence, arguments, and
arguments to prove your argument is true.
5. Start small habits such as:
- Take note of your new ideas
- Take some time to review the day's action
- Exercise
- Entertainment diversity
- Reading
- Experiencing new things
- Learning more things
- Practice giving up a bad habit in 3 months.
WHY HAVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS?

 Critical thinking is aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes in any situation. In order to achieve this
it must involve gathering and evaluating information from as many different sources possible.

 Critical thinking requires a clear, often uncomfortable, assessment of your personal strengths,
weaknesses and preferences and their possible impact on decisions you may make.

 Critical thinking requires the development and use of foresight as far as this is possible. As Doris Day
sang, “the future’s not ours to see”.

 Implementing the decisions made arising from critical thinking must take into account an assessment of
possible outcomes and ways of avoiding potentially negative outcomes, or at least lessening their impact.

 Critical thinking involves reviewing the results of the application of decisions made and implementing
change where possible.
WHY HAVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS?

 Tư duy phản biện nhằm đạt được kết quả tốt nhất có thể trong mọi tình huống. Để đạt được điều này, nó phải
liên quan đến việc thu thập và đánh giá thông tin từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau có thể.

 Tư duy phản biện đòi hỏi một đánh giá rõ ràng, thường không thoải mái, về điểm mạnh, điểm yếu và sở thích
cá nhân của bạn và tác động có thể có của chúng đối với các quyết định mà bạn có thể đưa ra.

 Tư duy phản biện đòi hỏi sự phát triển và sử dụng tầm nhìn xa càng tốt càng tốt. Như Doris Day đã hát,
"tương lai không phải của chúng ta để nhìn thấy".

 Việc thực hiện các quyết định được đưa ra từ tư duy phản biện phải tính đến việc đánh giá các kết quả có thể
xảy ra và cách tránh các kết quả tiêu cực có thể xảy ra, hoặc ít nhất là giảm bớt tác động của chúng.

 Tư duy phản biện liên quan đến việc xem xét kết quả của việc áp dụng các quyết định đã đưa ra và thực hiện
thay đổi nếu có thể.