Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • JOHNS (Harold - Elford - Johns, - John - Robert - Cunningham) - Phys (Bookos - Org) - P Íginas-371-409

    Uploaded by

    Cássia Barros
    19 views39 pages

    Original Title

    JOHNS [Harold_Elford_Johns,_John_Robert_Cunningham]_Phys(Bookos.org)-páginas-371-409

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    19 views39 pages

    JOHNS (Harold - Elford - Johns, - John - Robert - Cunningham) - Phys (Bookos - Org) - P Íginas-371-409

    Uploaded by

    Cássia Barros

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 39
    722 The Physics of Radiology Compton Coefficients T FORRES ELECTHONS rust ex noes crcic Toon | capping cont | avmage |] Mowe | ty] phonon | Speae tow | tol? mtfdccwon | ‘Sey || Srewy | tuencyer | osnceper | gata ty we byatasobimes’ S|] SI" | "te | “omat’ | oa om in way | ocsatet | ontxt i oe | ate samy | met) | Beat oF ey pert i vasia vos | B02 (| voasr | sare | 15.0 Ls ag94 ooig | Loos |! ius | ‘ones | toss | desc 2 “ass ‘oens | ‘oes |) 4° | cece | Ss00n | ais i taser ‘aosa | tor |] 3 | i893 | Tovpe | Gastt ‘ ég0q loose | tos; |[ 2] ites | 9:5 | fords 5 ees Looss | toaa | 3] ateca | aytas | Std ‘ Selee Toor | los |f & | tear | Gorka | 8138 : leas loose | S12t |[ 8] stare | gare | i830 10 sgous 0120 | -199 |] so | asear | ase | ease ie iets ome | late |] 38 | a3 | aad | 088 2 Seer loeoa | vet |] 30 | ibeve | Sanc8 | ieee 2 ‘seea losit | ivss |) So | dgace | Gest | “ater xe ‘ano ‘oaay | 2088 |] 40 | Save. | Sioa: | tery 2 eiea onsa | Avon |] so | 288e | Goad! | does @ savas osio | sisi |) go | Soca: | Sige: | ‘Stay a sass? ‘ouoe | 9137 |) oo | Seer: | 3aaos | barr 100 v4zaa 0490 | 13.0 |) 100 | sree. | aass. | 4497 iso ‘asi ‘ogog | 27:2 |) 80 | Sasa | ass: | 3%95 | 200 ‘ites ‘oars | 42:3 |) aoe | S350: | fais, | items 300 “asb1 ‘ovss | ove || Son | Saas: | afoca | 18th Soo THe ‘ovat | 124: || too | eas: | Seoce | :so2 S00 | 2092 Siv0s Lover | int: || goo | eae. | Sesc9 | a:b94 Soo | 12675 !1ds2 tones | 221! || Soo | rat. | does | Scaa? seo | 3501 Lise9 fo9%e | 35s. || sea | Sess! | doele | actee G00 | 12580 Lise lovso | 329: || 800 | Zora: | zeta | tigen on wey) || any | 1, [ezuiz ets9s ova" | aso |] aise | asace | sae ize | Siege St000 Sooo | ‘gaa || tos] Sase> | uate | Ser US" | inte ‘ogey ‘ogey | Se || a5" | doe: | iaaco | ase 2° | tase leeer taney | Zee |] 2° | Sgenl | uas:2 | ate 5 |NSt setae cecea | aos [La | asa: | aptae | fatos 4 | ergo e597 loses | aes 3 | te0a lesce Cosze | Sita cry | rar | cero & | 0733 Soest To4ze | cae 8 | e599 e199 endo | S88 to | .0s10 0141 014 | 4.04 1 | 0877 ‘ote ‘ease | tors 20 | 080% Tooes “o80 | 18:5 50 | !0220 loose “oiee | 28 a | lems toons 13453 | Soi4 38 | leas Toose Couns | eis 2 | !01a5 Tox “eons | 408 a | !0099 Sooo Toova | a3: ico_| 90a ‘soi? ‘seas | $5!2 Tat Aa AR Zane taatease WaTER 71208 kent (TP) =p 1000 tea 81006108 tet 2.34.10 eects Fisica | —tntmain | —AvaageAvaage |] Paton | Inencon [avenge [Avge me | Semmes | Some Anais Meee] eae | Sew [Aer a : ae ttn | cmt feat sr, » w mii 16 @& : va on) sors, 3e72.| 1.00 1 | 4093. s0u2. ae Ls | iSos Tapas 109, Ba Santé] 230 BO ah 3285 fsse tea | 2038 [tele festa ed seao 2ot30| S38 4 [abe are 2g Bs OB) a $83 She oh Rake Kida] 58 S| stsaa 50552 a8 i | iba tae 2a%2 || is tiger ae 30 | ‘3390 Sis95 i541 |] 0 Tata ao | case Loaas fa || “aa 33 | 38S 888 Hi | 3 oH @ | tise loa] ofss | ate || oo ‘oxos fo [lesa lease] isda | iste |) Bo ass THER 19209 358 || 333 8258 ‘toes ‘eze7 S76 || 300 10988 aay 34 |] dee 1970) 19888] $B: 3:90 |p S63 | 28 bu we bat oese 0279] aso | 2ca7 |l | ovo costo] sano | 279 tas | loser loze7| ssa" "voae | 2:29 || Jos | ‘ous 024? | 968 Be US" | teste loose | coat loay | uaz |] 18" | cosy Loans | ee 33 BP TGS 8258708 i285 | 295 | BS | SE cPeeE 7a 2B $8898 28182) 3:38 Har [8 [8888 18382 | 3:3 198 & | least ‘orga ac00 Ua |] & | ‘oars ‘oreo | $99 Fed 19 | 0205 .o1as| 7.57 azz |] io | 0222 e157 | 7.38 7.07 | 2.98 i | cote (883 | 7% time |] as | soles ceite | 1383 092 | age so | loves Sous) 20:3 194 |] go | Sout Tonge | gest asi | ta 33 | c8h8h 8882 | 2 S208 |] $3] 10142 19188 | 38:9 Shc8 | 8 8 | totes ‘o1zs| 94:0 Broa || fo, | iotey loias | Soca 29:3 | 3:08 oo | roid 28125 | 98:9 2:98 [80 [8183 s5Rs | 98:8 513 | 2:88 ‘Stopping Power in Me cma) for he pecs of eam od ‘heme by poten of enh The Physics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficients a a, ae ae ae ee we aan See Se eee ee ee | ee te SS) om | = as(S) oe | ss tel | Sa | = Slee == “ = a = enti) trans, abs tential tminst, abe, | |, featied tranaf, abs. font on _ 5 3 _ $ Ss ely : Set ae ae Pde lg tot? O@ ie slit ig @ ie wl?) | l+lo@ ie @@ |. af! = 7 7 =i a e e Tee Te aa) alps ale a ee ne ees ee fase gag te | re lati a] ie luc telem aed te |. ope lererse eee 2° | sasea Sarre | 1:59 | 228 Z| aes-9 avacy) 2.00 | 9a |] 2 | Sears uacs | —tioe | 3885 ie Ee eae PURSE GE) 28 [eh |e (att Ske) ae, piste ie pep ae) ee iy el) ae fad] y |Ba ae) ie 3 faatoa 80:28 $4878 1883] Be gig S| 3808 38:03] 050 | Sey |] S| age Sega] gee 3 6 24.21 23.55 6 83.44 77.47 5.57 cya +6 A458 14612 ‘5-61 556 6 94672 9.274 575 S167 8 10.10 9.625 8 ‘S731 34.95 7.49 38.4 { 8 6.022 5.643 7650 aaa 8 3.973 3.635 7632 42.08 » lee eleeacl oe fs ep ee eee te ese ace a fesse sae fags asl aa [aa 2 frog za] we |aelie face cee] ose [az ligt tas Esta) iy [By lige ae] [Bae fag gs] ae [ae 8 lie ee BGR ae) UP /as # ge gs) Bs Pac ee Bee Blas a| is [es ae Be ee) i li 30, +2240 10409 50 +3471 41590 2209, aia 50 +2102 0288 6.85 50, +1970 0228 5.73 20.9 3 88 Re Sa) Be Pa ee ee 80, +1919 0257 80 +2082 .0530 20.4 9.93 80 41794 40232 1063 2266 80 41722 0213 9.89 2a = fe ee lame [e fue eal ot fectee lo ce) oe [E wg loge se wt joes gee] ane | oa fee oul se face | ws | us cco] te [ey 200 [11388 Loa98 Boo | 11534 28307 Bz 083 200 | 2134 loavs| 4313 10:3 |] 200 | 1342 10262 32 3s & |e Be Sue Set) EY [ie [Se es) [ea] ee EN) | Ra i [dae Biag ae) @ fest | |i [as Sg) as |) BS ee) es |B 500 0750 0327 500 | 10927 losis 171. 390 500, +0768 40330 17 MAS 500 | lovae 10319 17ly aa 3 Se Bee ata] E/E Pa ee ae ae 432 |loeay Lo323 482 | tog20 losi2] ase, B13 462 | lose ‘losza| 2530 ss || 462 | loaso losis | 253: 3140 2 [Se a8 Pee ea aE ee eee ea eS i = 7 wo me a eo me | we ean] Te fea | ee om | Ot rt et ann | 226 | | ape ge ve [82 | cite | 23 | a] sey ee] TS Le (SE S58) ilies | SSE | hes te fe | BE See) ile] 8 he] SF BS CPS eat gy | P| be | a Se EP] SE ea) se as] 8] br ae | eee PSE Be) 1g) E8 || Se ER cae pgs ee]es Ee) aye [Re ee i fae selon vale ||) [Se Gales 2 2 (SB SEG ES] Ra 2 [a oes i Se belies celre: [Re false ee i [Se ied Ee] ee]: [ae el POBe EES ERTER TS [ER S/S 28 pfs SRTES ic) alg |e ge ¢oSg auleg egfec |]: [REGRESS a elem elect e te [ae ee fe fom alte celeell es fee wee @ eae pele nel safe oes on wg fms gael er ze] eae | sem cme | re Se SB )a3 ae] cays ge ae S/S 38 )ee wale g |e alae an B Ba Se) AS) ETE ne ae B ) Sa a) es aa Ee | 8 |g RTI I & [fe Ge/es as] cele |ae oe B [8 aeler ca/ 2] ee aia] Be 8 2 82 See Gece le |e ge & [aie 8s/82 2228/2 Ge Be) gr G8 8 [8 Ga/es ES) SE) | ak ge BSE SR)Ee RES | 2 [oe ues es & [ae sale: os) cal [Se 8 me galde wal eg |e [aR Re) 4 oo & [Se Sa] Be Hei] & |e Se UES SAIS! Ba/28 | 8 [au 28 | Be Be (Le SLES os | La |e ee LS SELES BaLS | ie [si SS The Physics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficients 727 a ee a anne en a —— ee Photon | Teteraction "Average ] Average || Photon | Intention Taterctioa —] Average | Averge || Photon | Entercton 4 ee| im: | = Sees) Ses “a | oe laalts) xz | oe ES =o i Lem? /a) transf. abs. [emt ia) Leroi) teams, abs, | fem? in} abs. w fe) 3 (fox) s A) (a - s b\ few) 2 @@ le ali 0 &) | @@ le nlite |@@ is = = = i om oo eee a ls cee aa = leo on ‘os [28 a] 88 fs BRS BS wage ae] ree PET ages re 2 410.0 4090 2600 2 356.6 355.7 S974 6964 2.00 P24 2 626.0 624.7 i EES ee) 88 Pies ee Ba ia) ER | ae | es Be PBS Rg) ss i ES ts Be, Be) ce lat: |eie ste i eg us| £e : [fg Ba ba gul G2 [23/2 [ee Be i BS Bh) Ee : 28 BE BA) ER [eS yt ice Ba 3 Se ist) oR ; a | wae) oe [seta [eae tee . | oe eee es oe es toe soe] ose et teen ig [rag aan] gre [age 22m ee aia] sg [tee sau & |e oS | agit te a a) ES 2 Ga tay | os a ea Se sal atl) Ee || Saat tase [Be Some eee es ee fe) s/s |B dee hae 2 |e eee Be ue) Ey [il |Be ae 2 ae 2 |e 3m BR M8) HA [ina Bae ee (cee cs [cis et Heise) ee fie |S [ae ie ves ee ee Gee ee feet emegpoeeel | eee loo “yer gas see] ase | ase ze vie zee] sea | aa se | zee pe] ga Se Ba] @ [ugh gas HE Se) ga eB Re) Bs Bs Sa PA] S| Sat HSB) UR i) a [a HE Saas Ea || ie | ie sos ees] fast ce |e [uses “ane | det | 6 ae 38 iH || ae Se wae 8] BE Ge Ue] Be | gs cet CET 8 | 88 BH He G8) Be OR ge Re) ee Es set feat | Be | Sh Ta fee eg) et ee [oan cau | ks | Bop se OS | 2 [88 ge SG 8) Be ge T eae as) ge LEE = ves | ou) se ars" | cer coor wore sine | | nae | res enor | | an ge7 ate 22] tas eee 9a SEB] tans | 288 | to | SEE | aioe [3 it ie fogs | ee a8 SEE, eet] wal oe | 28 Sew | 088 EBL os Moe | 3 ah a LP) Se ee ste eek Se ag | 9 | EE | eB 85 35 PRE cee SE S| Sh og |e a Bet ge ee b fist ss ee awa Ee | ice | | aie see 3s a ae i ge os Se es) ATES | [ae at is Sie it f SHE Sis SER )EE EG) hg [2 | ss ss ie eo f [Sa is cep ce TES |p [ate ae me [on aplscaliel. jm sere eee eae |e ee - ag |seue cauet] tee zee | 1 Uae | eee sore sgge suas] zisy acon nag lao | ezae nur | ong 20 | SS RE eh) ee |e | gies ais ce STE (ELS TS |S SR | ee | be [Si SIG Bana eet ae SS SB SES Te |e ei is ze [isie lmpace er] ie ie |) Ses wigs [asa aka | te | [eure oes i Se as Gee] aks aie Be GEE GS) ERR /ge se Lg BYE SHY Bay 8 | Se aes SE SVT BESS | [sie cee es ge [sss ley Se ae | ae S| oats ous wish lesa etl ie |S | er ee 3 ®, He G/B: SS ER |B [Se 88 eee i “*Av, Stopping Power in [MeV con"s'"] for the spectrum of electrons produced in the medium by photons of energy hi | “*Av, Stopping Power in [MeV emg") for the spectrum of dectrons produced in the medium by photoe of energy hi hysics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficients 729 cneney 5 = enerky 2, (sanetreed a fio? mat), (io? pt (emi) (Toe powers fot at). fo® pt lentish Crosee orabsorbed | powers Be) « (°" Be) Mey en? Bs) = (0 a5) : Me eat (ate a) f ieeanin tet (m= (a) | ina ase | TO pt ee ee a ere wma oe ee 2 em | OO 3 2 ee | 6 8 & a “Segaeicr be Sopa The Physics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficients “TABLAS: RADIOLOGIGNL FROPERTIRS OF NFTROGEN TABLE A‘d RADIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ONVGEN zt P1165 kyla? (NTP) 8.010% 107 ects a 97 1.982 kgm? (NTP) Son sto dceing 4.200.610" stow/hg 2.764510 omg Froton Tale Goffe Interaction cook fe fe coeny | Stopping Fraton a Cotsen Tntsacton cock in Sse] Som Phot . ‘wunfered energy nee a8 gt fmt) (To get or abaorbed wer 3 | foe go Got a8) tema (oe crated | Bowes (°% sak) o (0 as) Pale sent a (=? /kg] divide by 10) z in Loe ‘im? kg] divide by 10) os be tm ek ae : . i tat tee ot 6) te) - ; etek fp o@ & js cen pte pl @ @ & evi rT tel ev) 1 | so.02 .2566 7950 aa96, 1.00 1 | azeay 2249 sz2100 soy. a8 ef 18 | 27085 Is215 26080) 4323. 150 91.8 peel leateeioeteinesed aes oes 24.4 g | bee jedes ineae. a eee 5 | dear ivase ‘sys aes Mele ae ee aa nares are 2 a 20199 Lees ag: gsi 9325 sae a fase tao: shin Skeae sxe | 5 3 | ihsa3 25833 18h: Shee Ma 33:8 a ater nae pas ee oe rd 6 13.20 2.675 704.6 2712 26652 AB2 i Hen a pene eae 207 | a2 p | as | Seat sary artae Mae tase ins | a3 A aie ass acer a es faa 30 | BE aoe TB? nator 1888 te | Bg BS sate Ziese oeed hoes rata aoe 30 1.889 42300 5.921, 3017 s1s6s 13.0 1a 2 2817 2917 240 10453 2.13 ed 30. ts76i 4l2e1 7350 12108 lost? a8 138, os ieee teeae cg ce eee led fo | laren atant laose Mess ‘oso van | tst3 0 eens es tag ne tae go | aaa Mons ‘isos ‘ere logas tie iso fas fon 11928 oat S| 17.0 180. | lope sige ‘esis uae gash are | tts ea 200° | ieais 32%4 [9088 SE 10308 aug | alse aa cota i233 pai ares joo | lotsa 2oz1 ‘oose lio ‘aes aoa | ster eo ae joe mae a 400 +0105, 0011 0957 10296 124, 4639 re pee opeee ae 662 +0038 2.047 0003 0772 0294 3.02 B00 | 08t8 bet ae 800 | ‘80% 71800 ‘800 2508 2309 BF wv) wv 7 , te eotaeee ox | 19882 19380 fas | ‘ott t's12 ‘e001 -oo02 | ‘0570 loze0 238 ete beer ee oot | 28285 oH 115) | loo07 ai374 Tooze | ‘osie 0256 310 LS" | T0009 1302 eost | esis esse a | 233 ons By | eoeraucoes coat [eee acer 3 | Seooe sazzs lexi | ‘oss ‘ozoy ‘ozor tes 5 | ‘e001 ‘eave S093 | ‘osse 0208” 0208 : Goo 17698 esa | ioste loisy lose eo 4 5 “0 ° 3 | s888t 22888 29 | loaz Solve L8toe Le F ean Boarel essa atte Goa é ‘nave Tonne | loas4 ‘0170 ‘otee ue A oe Rosoa| letesest ectaat cones 8 v4804 tite | 10225 lois? Conse 79 8 vinoa ‘ome ‘o1s0 10 sore s1ass | 0207 .o188 .o149 : ; iB Soa Have | loins Toray lors 8 "3ec0 1eig7 leiag Teias | tite tit | ter By sso AB93 | -g4BB 0147 sory 2 Ftd 01g 18138 81s | 18 15d | 198 7 sean eaca eossid nolan ce? 0 May ‘oiss ‘etsy leis | 38:3 317 | ties a 1770 Saree | eeotaseeeice os * oan loise ‘otat leize | 3507 nly 2 “1496 suoes | -o1gy 0153 sons 3 Hio8s Sie totes Totae | 48:5 382 se 18 "S500 | ‘oi7t ‘oise e133 #0 ‘oes seis, onde [oiz2 | $69. dese 2 soln ‘aso | 0171 ‘ouer ‘or32 0 1088 10182 Sorkk TOS | 9828 99:4 {_100 8668 a0v7 | (0199 0198 “018s ‘a Stopping ower in Me cm} for heme of lctons prodnced hemi by photons of nergy “ax Sapping owerin [MV ont gi] or the ecm of ton produce te mei by photos of ny Be The Physics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficiénts 733 "FABLE Ade RADIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM TABLE Aai RADIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCTEM = 2699 kal? 2.902 108 elec ag A-26.981 20 91850 gn? $3005 x 108 tec g ‘An40.080 2282x108 stompg 1.503 2108 atoms ‘Base Cetin Tx Intention cock in ‘Aveneny | Stopning Photon Base Goeicie a i teanstened z cnet 7 ‘easter (0° aw fo len2i) ope ER | powers mY (0 gt lentil (rose Sameree | powers tne died 10) (Pre aided 1) ae Goa So : tay (43) (4x) toh Soe rk ae «By as 8 @® & pee ee o @ & lev) 90.07 14163 19870. 356.2 aon 216.7 1.371 115300 1736 was. 1.50 63-5 doles ise 129900 weal, A105. 19720 Loan S47206 Blow? BO? i199 573 #2150 11585 Losto0: 3505, 3287. 18518 31991 17e40! 2705 Bee ans $8117 21125 “seono. Boone F924 435.2 i.aa7 "7401 tis 3.97 ang 57.97 2.611 1sa70 Sagea Sane Boal Al19s steno, Bons 3:95 40.7 29.95 Sosa “bana! re ate 11422 2252 Sano: 16:0 ans 5805 43013 S.aes gaze 176 se 97.21 S.t61 25200. 390.2 Siaa ie S23 alias 240! 50.8 ABS Daler Gii32 11490. D3te a 2955 a6 4787 11326 26.35 28.57 10 | 59-40 6.04 atar. 23.36 87.30 29.7 4:02 9.495 445.0, Hers peat a5 | a7isa Blors tatty Bpae 2748 3 Bride aitay toe i373 Moat 30 | 35.38 Binge 8173 Tigo T98 ian 41894 siseq 37.04 101 asia" aso 30 | is. year Dans $91 44575 S972 ta $067 8l7a1 tet fovi ‘sane S3ae7 ao | asia 91901 90.9 191 150s 11802 toe Biooa el735 485 13a5 3380 1986 80 | 51525 Si589 bor8s Hoon aby Fare a8 US? eget alist 1987 ove ors so | Alara 9l99 B0l08 16519 14474 Lanae 378 fo974 6488 Taba [2018 ‘ona? ‘ona? 6 | 3les0 9l7ii ston Shes2 Steen 11989 5168 15909 6.225 toes +1708 0381 «0301 100 | 1.767 9.413 6.061 1107, 1105 e.08 [2yaa Slaan laaay Haat ‘0285 So2es iso | sazr7 alsi tions 107 Los0% Loses S98 Noon Sloe 03a NES [0877 ‘02768 200 | 14779 Glove 19408 M1G88 [0398 10594 5:23 fovea 4.573 Loses hoas ‘ozes ‘020s 300 | 2174 91000 leaa taity ‘os20 Toate | as.7" ass | alee Soao1 a.tos lo122 ova lozar ‘oza7 400 | “1245 41300 love ‘a%e0 Lox09 Voxoa | ize. 2g. | 3cas 10387 3.582 loons Sogas [0280 “o2a7 500 | ‘oes $382 e988 lense ‘oso 'osos | 158: 3581 | 39 10213 3.404 .aos0 ania L287 02a sso | ‘oan? sles loaor a 0302 0301 | 196. 19s: | aor iota? 3.324 ‘oos0 o746 0284 028s 242 | Lown Sito” Loos: 19778 19297 Soave | 288 ase! | Bi99 Solog 30a ‘oot Yogss 10379 abva Boo | O83 329% 1014s 10912 loaet cones | 88 aest | Bad Imes bev) 0064 2.746 0010 0615 0270 0269 1 | .0200 4.222 .oom1 +0839 0281 .0277 | .aao vase | 2.20 041 2.456 0007 .0003 | lasay loase loas? 1,25 | 0128 3.777 loons .o00s | ‘0570 0250 ‘ozse | ‘san ‘saa | 2:03 9029-21232 Lo00% ‘oo7 | loser ‘o2ay lozay 3:5" | ‘ogy 3.438 loosy Cotes | ‘0521 [0257 ‘oase | ‘bag S953 | tige Toots {1903 Looe ‘oSas | lease ‘ozay Toney 2° | Yooso 2:950 ‘0024 oss | ‘oass ‘0240 lease | ivan ives | 199 10007 11499 19002 ‘oa72 | loase ‘ozos loz0s 3 | +0022 21306 ‘ots 2072 | ‘037 ‘0221 ‘ozie | tive iin1 | tee Soo0a 11230 Laoo1 ‘1420 | loatt ‘0193 loine : 2013 i124 10009 cs3ag | 0300 10213 Lozos | ait alas | ties Yooos 16a ‘0001 ‘191 | lozme ‘eine LorR0 3 0008 1.481 ‘0007 ‘4305 | losia ‘oati ‘esos | $155 3013} 168 0002 «545 Lo001 1220s | lovee lore ‘oi7a & | ‘0008 i%4sa Soo0s is302 | Loao1 loz0r lonve tes Sooo S7h08 ‘Sono | ‘oae2 loiss loLas 8 | ‘0003 11201 loo0a Lavoe | Lome loz12 loise 163 +0001 +6480 s7sa| 0232 10174 .0166 to | .0002 1,025 0003 .n633 | -o284 .0222 .0203 | 7,92 1.62 4932 vasa | [0917 lo17e ‘otes | ies thee 48 | ‘e001 .¥572 0002 ivtio | ‘oat ‘ozs loses | 73°e isa fae seat | seats iSige 19i42 | 12:3 1ke2 20 | soost 14077 o001 i227 | ‘oad lease Teas | 13:4 63 [2e76 ts961 | ‘0220 ‘otva ‘ots? | Ayla Zara 30 saaaa ‘ooo 11396 | 10307 lozaz lozze | 37.6 He 2249 L752 | ‘ov2a ‘0207 Louse | 3919 aol? 2 '3gte loooi 11773 | los losoo logan | 39.6 ion Teade | ‘oast ‘oniy Toner | 318 32:7 30 s2935 0001 1922 | losss “O3t7 ‘0328 | 43:2 Taaa 250 | ‘oza4 ‘o2s ‘area | s7c0 azo $0 2529 zioie | losar ‘0327 10222 | a7.6 Ls 1394 yesot | ‘oaas ‘0254 lorso | 371 gare 80 1994 Bi175 | ‘0357 ‘osee ozs | 9776 178 130 nore iota | toast tobas Tones | 3311 228 10 nes Biabe | 1oa7i loses Todos | 33:9 ie "ho Stopping Ror ia [M6V cn!) forthe pac of eon “4 Stapring Pern (Me cat) for he etm of lam roared te medm by peton of ney br The Physics of Radiology Photon Interaction Coefficients 735 TAR ag RADIOLOGICAL PERE OF COPTER Tan on A DEAL PROPS OF —— ame, | os Te oc fe |= oat) oe fo at (owt (roe or absorbed wy o* eat), fo™ gh, fom) (tot arabwrbed | powers (a) = (Be) | ae nn ; (a «(fon ie Feo me tw fs) (3) (48) coh ne or im i) Ee Ea . coh hah, pate pa o) @) e ch bok pee nh ae @& 5 Bl | 395. 2.778 asa100, taoa, 1797. 27.9 ‘hs Stopping Power in [EV ca] fare pect of ctu rou ie mem by phen es ‘hs Sepia Power a INE on] forte prt af eto profane med by photon of nay BF Tonizational Stopping Powers The Physics of Radiology TABLE.A.5 IONIZATIONAL STOPPING POWERS in [MeV ott g'] TABLE AI RADIOLOGIGAL PROPERIIBS OF LEAD eens 11360 kgm? 28911086 cect g aeto7.20 Teen T a ees 2907 108 stom Bee [A | wwe | moe | toe [ore | norm | tae 7 Tak Codi Tatecion cock iw eae commana es vz7.n | 129.9 | aa0.9 [r7.2 | tos | vacen * sestened : E Sor09 | ones | 33 aged | scan (0 gt) 4 fo" gt lente) Toa or aborbed tooo" ee F919 |zecn9 | Sarae halon | Bacon : twa) ade by 10) ‘ ‘eos see 3ara8 | ass90 | secas otea |ore St oe me) a) ‘oa facia arian | ase79 | 4028 Bese | nd he o ® & “00s, asa 40103 | 4ntao | Saiz aie | 3oi50 on rote mi ‘ooe aaa galze [34-5 | ern meres | 23.90 eee ee Bias | zers | Secs race | te 3686. 274000. 802.1 “88 268 3B | Boies | Sates 38:55 | 508 see 70200. i bors. ‘aos 2a a8 maise | 24c80 | 24030 otina | 37.80 Boao: fes300. i570: : : Beaat eran aoe wet | agers | zeae | ata | ara | aguas | 22.28 | 23.07 ea | tar 3258: S185 998208: ie: 3 eat | RE | 18°07 | Scan | Scag | 12:09 | S298 | sores tiga | pease ee eceises fa sede | auase | ss0% e398 | S887 | S2and | 22502 aaa | 9300 00, gonouo oa | alaea | 72997 Pisa | 7.90a | 7087 | 2 elon | S908 Hos: conta tos | Siena | 2.408 ave | a27e4 | aan | acan7 S909 | neoae S79 Sh3e00, tos | 3:0 | 81997 $980 | $2388 | 8128s | 82292 BOR, | aot 2504, 147200: lor | 1590 [slo tant | sesaa | scv0n | scone ago | tem 2088: 70790: 2 tee | Altes | 1757 fiaoe | Slane | alaan | 2oes0 Sane | ast os | Stags 40402 Sor | 22805 | A885 | 22888 saa | 88 1608 43960. loys, olga suzre. fs | 3885 | S088 HeSon |] SN $6098 | $988 | 40095 | 683 | as 309s, 20.72 Si139. 2 | Baan |al7o8 2iser | 2iaue | 20785 | 27am | 2oean | oison | 2-179 Ono: B38 48790, 3 | Btons | 2:88 o'ant | geaoy | arson | 2:g9n | 2.oae | aciay [1 oagn 1039; 21133 $3090. 4 [ESSE [Atte Yooh | 2tee | 340s | 2tbbe | 22089 | Trase | 31298 Abies 24100 ba750. Fs ts | tot | lors tars | 3iaga | tc987 | 4972 | 12927 | utara | tax weary Bees BRS 5 $ | Alaa | ie Hines | tone | 1844 | 12900 [tase | 2090 | Asan 213.3 33.03 aa 3 [ies [ste H5Rt | 15ke | lage | eet [ones | ee | ct isel2 as90 iano! fa | Alene | sleee 4.789 | tlaoa [tinue | Cast | tone | alaos | 1 ane ands Sa089 SIE" 188 29 | 88 88% 19 | ESSe [tes tae | Uner [atete | slate [12700 | alae | laze Bales gala bass. rags gale Bai? ore? want 4777 wat 36.2 35.7 1 1.660 [1.082 | raze | 1.099 | rans | 1.904 | 1.796 [x22 | aoa | 1.464 2a 32:90 42004 teva aoe 76 2B | Aebe | Eige | dees (10698 | CASS | cFme | 1586 | 98e| Sta | a Dist aires 29003 ais ‘doar as nde 3 | 00559 [ataee | tes | 505 | tase | lane | tinog | tigen | tage | tase 9330 22.97 Te0r8 Week 18840 iil ae, a | atae [tase U2 | Coane [Uae | tongs |e] reas | see Bisse 4033 2304 [aly aay) Ba, 3 ase | 12530 135m | 10500 | tee [TIRES | Tacs | 18h0 | 4:8a2 S800 Bari apl93 Tas looas asa: 26s: & | tase |tigae | tnos | 1995 | rlone | tlaye | tems | tose | riser | 1 lser O38 fovab Taibs ues 88t ie: dee 2 | E302 [45956 | 1500 | alzee | tlpee [tines | lave | tteay | 191% | Ieee 1a19 Ilo 9.599 loara loses aaa) a2 & | 1980 [15970 | 15998 | Liaoo | 11989 | 198 | Tse | tear | 1928 | 182 bev 9 | ales | il903 | tear | tlsze | tens | tleee | alonn | tlazs | laze | tats gun 179 g.o20 10701 .0305 1239) +920 0 979 |1.994 | 1.949} toe4| reves | 1-950 | a.976 | asans| 1.744 | 1024 3875 15.40 1987 .ooss | logei ‘oa22 2 | La leap - ey : pallteral ioe 994 | tye |acoan| rraoe | 11609 2319 11.98 Tiasy ivvot | Soaps 192e9 9398 | GSS 3882 Be | zeae |2toas | aco2a | 1.912 | a.oae | 1.996 | 1o4ee | Tear aloe | 1 s0e Tosa feaa7 .ces0 casa | “aes (one ioe ed 3S | BreBs [20082 | 2-072 | rogue | gros | 2-082 | 2-099 [1-908] seas | 1.749 asns pave ‘seze g.7e2 | | $1370. ‘oa77 ie | ten | i98a | tee | tora Teor | T3e3 2 in | Tae | laa | 1370 taos | [a8 2191 0412 | 4.917 .0404 | 8.299 .os27 | sata .03n2 | 5.900 .0751 3 isso | isso | los | tyes Teor | "bee pia7 ‘oars | 91947 losae | ores ltoaa| 30-38 lo790 | tores l1430 4 i365 | lesa | tear | las tere | 1388 1519 (iin | tice “azat | 1alze Tita | inson 129s | 198s zai, 3 Sar | lose | gag | 9a iia | Teo fist 18is tates 18a | 775 ipa8 | soa IMS | TRtoa 288 3 to | lee | lpr | lsat tio | 1980 Uoisa linze | t9lz lista | 201a0 Lagoa | 22.92 lanar | 2iloa Lazar 8 ie | lshe | leer | eas tate | [983 2233 ‘hyo | 29:48 asia [eatin lean | getty lauar | galzt lanza Belge TBaSe | 35:98 9a08 [98.04 C3588 | 38135 NS | Bats so | saa | 933 | axee | vor vio | 946 aylan lores fantia ezoe | 42120. Lanne | 90138 ‘avae ts | i931 | ly0 | Toe0 | ‘aes Tato | “336 Solos ‘evan | to!se Taagy | a4lon Tanne | aosas Lazo? zo | yee | Ste | Seo | ‘aes tmos | “8 $oo [R58 Thors | Satay Tine [Aaa Teens | U3 cates | 38139 AN ao | 90 | lave | lop | ‘830 tees | ‘ots ao | ‘gor | lena | Tove | ‘eee ‘aot | ‘300 een So | tess | tees | Ser | oie ioe | S308 eo | tase | S87] Sosa | tuor i334 | lees ee so, | teea | Seo | leer | ‘aos yer | tess too | tera | teas | ieee | 1999 yas | 808 APPENDIX B—RADIATION THERAPY DATA These tables are intended to present representative data for making dosage calculations for radiacion treatments. They span the range of commonly used functions—backscatter factors, percent depth dose, rela- tive depth doses, tissue-air ratios, tissue phantom ratios, and scatter-air ratios—over an energy range from superficial therapy to 25 MeV. The emphasis is on providing data for examples and problems used in this book rather than being general reference material for radiotherapy de- partments, This is a change in policy compared with previous editions of this book. We now feel that, with the proliferation of different types of high energy equipment, general data might lead to incorrect dosage. We wish to emphasize that each user of a radiation machine must en. sure that the data he uses applies to his equipment. Table B-1a contains backscatter factors measured for circular fields in the 100 kV to 400 kV range (J20). The backscatter factors for rect- angular fields presented in Table B-1b were obtained from the data for Gircular fields by the sector integration method described in section 10.04. Table B-2. Percemage depth doses are presented for the full range of energies from about 70 kV, to 25 MV. Tables B-2a through d were ob- tained directly from measurements made in circular beams (J4, J5, J21, J22), Again the square and rectangular field data of Tables B-2e and B-2f are obtained from the circular field data. Table B-2g is taken from BJR Supplement 11 (B13), Table B-2h has been computed from tissue Phantom ratio data given by Van Dyk (V7), and Table B-2 is from un- Published data measured by Rawlinson et al. (R1). Numbers in parenthe- ses were obtained by extrapolation. Table B-3. The relative depth dose data are obtained from tissue-phan- tom ratios by methods described in Chapter 10. Table B-4. Tissue phantom ratios for cobalt radiation, Table B-4a, were calculated from tissue-air ratio data of Table B-5c, The tissue phan. tom ratios presented in Table B-4b for 25 MV x rays were measured by Rawlinson et al. (RI). Table B-5. The tissue-air ratios given in Tables B-5a, b, and c were measured by Johns et al. (J). Table B-5d is from Gupta and Cunning- ham (G10). The Physics of Radiology Percentage Depth Dose 743 TABLE B-l TABLE B-2 Backscatter Factors for Circular Fields, B(e, hb) Percent Depth Dose for Circular Fields, P(d, r, F, hv) @ HIVL 1.0 mam Al, (Approximately 70 kyp with Inherent Filtration) Anatom) 0 «91 «70a Oto Ares ____ndius(em) 0S SCiSC=C HVL (em?) 16 0 85 35 50 64 90 100 150 800 500 400 7 oe So. ° 09100 00100002000 ea 05 mk te mm Al (cm) 178 226 268 288 336 300 451 505 56h 627 798 976 Ma ; fea all ee ee rd a a ——$_— ¥sD 2 Bo ak 1.108 1.128 198 1.148 1.166 1.179 1.180 1.197 1.206 1.218 1.220 wen 8 3 me me 1118 1148 1.164 1.268 1190 1211 1.225 1.288 1.280 L206 L270 4 so oe 1186 166 1379 1.194 1817 1240 1.256 1.270 1289 1302 1318 5 2% bees ae Ish 1174 1.190 1208 1 6 1a 14 1.994 1.850 an ~——___—_ 1M 00 1.208 1.296 1265 1.885 1.909 1914 1.894 133 5 cae ie ee * 08 oo ss 1 “oe ) 1.820 1.297 1.268 1.292 1.818 1.390 1.848 1.974 1.905 1424 L460 yap y as moon A 1285 1.264 L282 1314 1386 1.857 1876 1.406 1.480 L468 1492 ee noon ee en 1200 1321 1,858 1.288 1.914 1.388 1300 1998 L420 1488 1400 ‘ 7 so 9 1384 1.201 1280 1.262 1.886 1.906 1327 L361 1391 1428 1480 * os 6 1.160 1.176 1.201 1.280 1.250 1.269 1.288 1.920 1.848 1888 L418 ae 1190 1144 1164 1.88 1.205 1.822 1.298 1.266 1.250 1316 1340 ° too 100300 1106 1114 1.192 1.162 1368 1.182 1.197 1.220 L840 1.264 1280 °. ao 0 sp 2 es 6 © 8 4 8 8 Soom wo ea Backscatter Factors for Rectangular Fields 4 ow tote G) Ke 5 eos 4 te ® HVL 3.0 mm Al. (Approximately 120 kyp 1 mm Al. Filter) See eens oe HVE. Fictd Size (em X om) mm Cu 4X4 4X6 4X8 4x0 4X15 4XB0 OXE EXE 6XIO EXIS 6x20 2.216 1.244 1.261 1.272 1.285 1.992 1,988 1,306 1.881 1.840 1.300 1160 1-211 1.290 Leds 1.258 1.266 11262 L279 1.907 1.818 1.830 2166 1,298 1-210 1/222 1.297 1945 1.990 11858 11269 1201 1.908 1.144 1-169 1184 1.194 1.208 1.816 1.901 Tage 1237 Lest 1268 LMG LIST 1169 1.158 1 1Te L176 116s Lise Lee Lal Laat 8X8 SX10 8X15 8x40 10X10 10X15 10XB0 16XIB 15X40 40X80 4.334 1.852 1.876 1,300 1.75 1.401 L418 1.499 1.482 1.480 13 1.888 1.960 1375 1367 1889 L4oT1.480 1.456 1-487 1,282 1.302 1.990 11349 1324 11387 1.878 1.400 1.888 1.487 ° 1.848 1.265 1.292 1-807 1286 1.817 1885 1858 188 1.418 °. 2.204 e190 1.24 1253 1287 162 Ler? 1206 1818 1.887 1 ree ee ese Psp 2 no soem 8 sw ‘ rl es 6 ‘ . ‘BLE B-2 (continued) TABLE B-2 (continued) Percent Depth Dose for Circular Fields, P(d, r, F, hv) Percent Depth Dose for Rectangular Fields HVL 2.0mm Cu_FSD 50m ROTO aD foe 93h St testes on tae ity : Govateso Umm els ee (om) 0X0 4X5 4x0 4X8 $x 4xIS BKB BX —OXS OXI _—8xIE 00.8 101.0 ore 102.4 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 5.8 83.6 99.0 Po oo ee os 63 90.5 987 2 1 6 Ne 15 1G Hs Os O19 we Bes wT me see 47.0 3 1.5 BAT 855 85.9 BLT wos HO HS wD SBT os we 2 4 BT 10 7.9 4 HO gO HLL RS so 6.5 718 5 65 1S HS TT 78S HTB THD STO TS ss woe O48 hae iets are 6 08 O81 6.2 09.9 70.10.87 OTST 5 aie fae 7 S56 620 HT GHB O51 as OT 3.7 aes * a ae oar 5 50.9 aso oe 50.0 BOS GOR ODT 9 aa at 9 68 5385 AT 55S HB SOS SOG Bok BT TT 5 ace tae Oe 0 ao i 5 a i ‘ 80 32.7 No.2 48.5 45.8 Hat. ser es 019 iis] elo) tasty ates eat asin] ad's) | la ales aaa) aa 18 82.9 $86 87 god 4.9 Tako de 9.1 We 85.0 38.6 TST HEART BHO BHD GUUS w8 es es ee ee ee) ine Wk 99.4 BS 80 SO 8S BH 85.0 ne 83.3 81 2.0 6 3080.7 LO wk BT 8k ne Oe ee a eS ee ar) 19-196 80 ho Dah BOTS 8.0 ele S88 (4) Cobate-60 exa0 8X8 8X10 8X1 8X20 10X10 10X15 10X20 16X15 _18K80_B0XB0 asia ©5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 eae 1 78 97.8 98.0 HHL HHO HE OE OH ORS 2 RB OT 980 FE HSH «HG 8D DOLD ‘(omy 3 87 87.6 87.9 HBS OHS wT BSL] 0.8 4 eT 825 8D SRO BETO 5 77 Ts Te 1S HB Se TS OT Bd BOS 8 12.7 724 73.00 78.7 TOS tT TOE 7 67.9 675 681 8.9 we BS 1 ROTA Ted a cs ec ee ee ey 9 68.9 Se 38.9 5.8 ook aT. wd wR BTL 0 548 0 She 5588 BOS o8e 6D STs Beale No S10 50.1 50.8 028TH SO a ee ee es BoD ae Oa eB we aa 8800 Ho 40 fod oo oe Da 81 72 S80 Se BD HOS Wo 85.5 845 88.8 855 BTL SO GOSS LS 88.1 SRL ge SHO Hh 887 akg SEB T 80.0 80.8 B08 8.6 BT BRS SS 2888.8 Bhs 8B 887 wrt 4 DO BOk we HOTA BRS BA BeO 20 68 7 a4 eee ore eS TABLE B-2 (continued) Percent Depth Dose for Square Fields erent Depth Dove for Square Fics obateg0 % tow awe 3 4 5 20 1000 T1000 ae 2 : a i 3 i é a : & z * 2 3 x 2 i mre $67 Seca 1485 196s teat las:e tena i os5 age | 1000 58) az8 98-0) (220) (253) 73.6 79.8 wee Tele 288 | 200 43) (eas) (6541 ¥a88 | 36 | avo, 30) 23) | (23) » eas) | ws | sss | 00 x0 | wo | as | ass | ass | 2 so; | aa j seo 80 [fo 133 | 83 | 23 & B30 | 33 3 | soo | StS | BS | ho | 83 | Be x tise; | a2 a | mo | mo | iso | bs | es | Bs a estas | 23 | He | 8 | Bo | sos | ws | oss Relative Depth Doses for Square Fields SAD = 50. 2, 8 ie tee Bet ne. ‘Tiguue Phantom Ratios for Squat Fields TABLE B-5 (continued) Tissue-Air Ratios for Rectangular Fields «@ 751 t 750 ‘Radius (em) o86e 3.95 $05 60h 6.07 7:08 = come : ‘ican eee oe sa den) OKO AX4_4KO_1KO_1KI0 WKIS_OXO 6X0 GRA Ou” GUE TRT_ORE ORD ©) em HVE 1.0 mm Cu 1 ine So ttt ea Lee 108 Les row ew teu kaw ret Let +0 10 120) 185) eo eT wo ea F005 96.970 88 2st 983 ORS 994 ORS 80k 907 oe lo cm igs res ie ia ota ie : elton on Sis oh aet “850890 “a0e 4 ve eae ose oes as ‘ p64 ms masa i ore 98 sate ois vas se81 6 330-631 726.700 900054 Lok 101.28 ' oe is ge on : Soo ese He ee ee ' fame sor 10 818 sts eel ass so cast ass st? a6 » 163 ‘st “ane asa [Sev ao eas n08 as qm am Tae TOL 180 “B10 709 gor 18 B ms "ase “ah “830 to ase aon “bu “ors ae feat fost tea es im ce se no a aoe vy ano 178 218 250 300 325 382, 425, 534 534 6 a u wom ise ws lene “ee 85 6ss “66k rr eon “ara ess a3 16 ss [198 “1se “tee ee5 | tks a00 808 aa 4 soo ame cene eee ees o 8 a 2 tee sso iro “ate ior “toa am loot “ees “amr “soe “atl cote wo oe 067 oss Cop nas 138 Stes “90254 lite sr sor ‘sat ‘385 “230. sar “aah loro ae ses o18 308 oo ee eee nae 196 sos “sie ses “aa 3S “tes ase “ase ast oes a7 » HVL3.0 mm Cu uke wor “ane “ss5 “sou “tno ans “ton Sor set sot as see os Too ea Fie ears even es eae TES : a 0.449455 acs 44s 458470796 485490 : Set thes riage 2 pare pres ene eve ey a ee Blas aie aes “eee “ain “ety Last lass lage aer ‘on dan t S228 okt Las oe isa ' 1 RT S300 gon doe e303 aoe eae ast ad 6 sok GL a7 385861908 ses 1.081 DO fort ey oo ee see be 8 200 (300.363, 617 “60s 78K 800 SST . 2 a 6 i. Se oe Oe eS {ste sam ane ate air et 308 ais sense se sa .ase 2 Wes 2008357240 Laas 51950878 iOS ass zee ats ato apo aro ast gong 303 ate us Wes ew eso ease ass toa te “eo “no as iy law ato aan aes ase “aso owe 18 092 167 197 219 258 288 325, 385 458 et ee meee 208° 218.203 81k 8 68128 ws g01 a0 259 le90'sz0 Se ree eee eee hws se a 20 ast os nets tar amt aoe case 0 : Elon) 8X5 B80 TORI 10518 TONED TRIB HIRI TORE ORB HKD TKS vo Tom co e Gobale 60 7 0.6 1407 108 1.095 L082 ewe eH 1.01 1am Los Le) Les Lao 9 10.5 1.000 ole hoa 4oRs ae 10a taye oq 1004 t PY Nee ee Lon hes os Van em toe aes eee bee tea . Meet al eee eee eat ee eee f MOE Ne Vor Loy Lae Fon ee ose tn rhe ee 1 ‘ voz ‘wo “900 “ois “ge ‘oat oaa8 age 87 ' 2 Se em Nes hove tom vom vee 1 ‘ G04 70582035 RSG 8T 889 amas yer rise Passle aia ee Cass] oe oot lot aa ‘ cos 708734 zx a76 “ner sos sek 88 : 1» S38 Lexy 59 era eae “now 79075100 shes sie tor 502 ago sss ane 912.005 sto oes asa ® 400 (553 ‘ses g0e eae “eae ask “orm “7a fees ems) nore arr, one ust ara oon eros ie 58 toned tau 4 sie ‘aso 518 ast tars 308 ete tee & — Iape “toe Stor “eta ‘sts hoc “eso cea caso cer cist eos at 6 Sul 485458 lane got 00 a8 “eer 00s 9 ast Sie0 “isn “aon “ane “non oon “son “aes nas “auton awe % Sit gas lan “any asa ast 480 “301 “se t ws nae tuo aan tso Laue tr “too “st ai as ast 20 ee ee ee a — fl Mesa sere ms co? ano nor 162.808 smo Scanian ae “to “ao “ate wo ete es fa 80 “ome ! 1% lm “tis “ee we lees ss ma io Ha ee i Mls “see ont esos eee oor ie ust oes! ee ee vsen bg oe leet laste wats si ass ssa aes soe est .e60 ae i mle me as oo fe Se “tor i res 8 4s he aaa ase wo sy iis Sone one so a las las ae Sr sas 800 “Seo S08 380 ges 3H ste seh ad 4s ase ast a8 ‘304 308 (390 300 32 ‘308 lss6 “352 lars 308 "40s 263 "e700 907 976 aes are 80k ga) gah sake APPENDIX C—SCATTER-AIR RATIO DATA Table C-1. The scatter-air ratio data for HVL 1 mm Al presented in Table C-1a were derived from the measured percentage depth dose data given in Table B-2a and backscatter factors from Table B-1a. The meth- od used is discussed in section 10.13. Table C-Ib for HVL 2 mm Cu is similarly derived from Table B-2c. Scatter-air ratios for cobalt radiation are taken from Gupta and Cunningham (G10). Seatter-air ratios for high energy radiation, Tables B-2d and B-2e, are derived from tissue phan- tom ratio data measured by Van Dyk (V7) for 10 MV radiation and by Rawlinson (R4) for 25 MV radiation. To derive scatter-air ratios from tissue-phantom ratio data, it is necessary to assume tissue-air ratio data for the reference depth. This has been done by methods discussed in section 10.13. Scatter-Air Ratios for Circular Fields, S(d, r, hv) @ HVL- 1.0mm Al Field radius in om at depth & d(m) 1.8 2.0 3.0 48 5.8 68 7.0 8.8 18.8 15.0 wo 957 11S 152 170.200 218 225 238.238 a4 o13

    You might also like