COVID-19 and AKI

By: Candice Emrith

An accumulation of nitrogenous products
in the blood (azotemia), together with or
without a decrease in urine production, are
symptoms of acute kidney injury, which is
characterized by a fast decline in renal
function over a period of days to weeks.

It frequently happens as a result of poor

renal perfusion brought on by severe injury,
illness, or surgery, but it can also be
brought on by a quickly progressing,
intrinsic renal disease.
▪ According to the Evidence Analysis Library: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often progresses
slowly over a period of years (AKI: days to weeks).
▪ Kidney function is assessed using the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Five stages of CKD were
identified to help in treatment planning:
▪ The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
is responsible for COVID-19, a
respiratory illness that is acute and
occasionally severe.
 Hospitalized individuals with Coronavirus disease had a higher
mortality rate when they have acute kidney damage (AKI) in 2019.
(COVID-19).

The following have so far been identified as independent risk

factors for AKI with COVID-19 (2), notwithstanding the fact that the
data are recent and developing:

Race (higher Low baseline Shock

Cardiovascular Mechanical
Age among African Diabetes Obesity Hypertension kidney requiring
disease ventilators
Americans" function vasopressin's
Aim: The objective of the current
review was to assess the signs, issues,
and treatments used to treat AKI in
COVID-19 patients.

Method: For the pertinent scientific

literature released up until February 1,
2022, use PubMed/Medline, Web of
Science, and Embase. "COVID-19,"
"SARS-CoV-2," and "Acute renal
damage" were utilized as search terms.
 A history of chronic kidney
The evaluation included 44
disease (CKD) in this group of
studies with a total of 114
individuals was mentioned in
COVID-19 individuals with AKI
12 out of the 44 studies that
(mean age: 53.6 years). History
were evaluated. The most
of diabetes, hypertension, and
frequent pathological findings
hyperlipidemia were the most
were acute tubular necrosis
prevalent comorbidities in
(ATN) and focal segmental
COVID-19 individuals with AKI.
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
▪ According to the current systematic analysis,
AKI frequently worsens the course of COVID-
19 hospitalizations and is linked to worsened
illness, extended hospital stays, and bleak
prognoses. Early diagnosis of comorbidities
and renal problems is crucial to improving
the outcomes of COVID-19 patients given the
severity of the deleterious effects of AKI.
1.

https://www.andeal.org/topic.cfm?menu=5303&cat=5983

https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-
19?query=covid+19

https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/acute-
kidney-injury/covid-19-and-acute-kidney-injury-aki

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014846/