ment of reinforcements for colunms 4 Minimum eccentricity in columns assumptions in design of compression members 6 Avially Joaded short column +5 catmns with elical reinforcement le Examples Exercise i coLUMN AND PEDESTAL : ()) Column : If for a compression member, effective length > 3 x least lateral dimension, it is called column. Normally, columns are subjected to axial compressive force. Sometimes, columns may be stiected to moment about one or both the axes. + Causes of moments in column : - gravity loads (due to eccentricity) - wind loads - earthquake loads ~ end restraint by monolithic beams or slabs. Strength of column depends upon * ~ Strength of materials (steel and concrete) ~ Shape, size and cross section of column. ~ length ~ end restraintsmpression member, effective length < 3 x least lateral dimension, s called pedestal, Pedestal is designed as a compression block without reinforcement, Minimum is provided as per IS code provision. w uP TYPES OF COLUMNS : Columns may be classified, (a) As per shape (b) As per bracing (©) As per lateral and longitudinal reinforcement. (4) As per length (©) Type of loading (a) As per shape : Types of column as per shape are : ior ~ square, — T-shape ~ rectangular, — ell - shape — circular, — swastik SQUARE RECTANGULAR CIRCULAR TE EL ‘SWASTIC Fic. 74 (b) As per bracing : According to the bracing, there are two types of columns : (J) Braced columns. (2) Unbraced columns.jateral it “en loads like wind, earthquake, ments tike shear walls, bracings, etc, + CIC, are resisted by °Y some special le way OF joint translation is not possible in such such colum ns, e ra i nb! Fe nbc’ frames, no special bracing systems are provided or joint translation do occur in such col to resist horizontal forces lumns. _ yes 5 shall have to be designed to resist the lateral load loads, e columns ELEVATION ELEVATION _——— RESISTANCE —— RESISTANCE Spagea - WIND | 1 TA PLAN PLAN (a) BRACED FRAME (p) UNBRACED FRAME FIG. 7.2 cement and longitudinal reinforcement = ded in the column to increase its Joad carrying capacity: decreases and lateral length of column the shape of bow and developing cracks (© As per lateral reinfor Longitudinal reinforcement is provi When column is subjected to compressive foree nal bars assume dimension increases. Thus, the longitudi on the outer face of column. It may cause failure of column.2) Spiral columns QB) Composite columns Longitudinal Pitch ‘Sectional Elevation Sectional Elevation — Shel! Core Li Plan Plan. (2) Tied column (©) Spiral column Fig. 7:3 (1) Tied columns : When lateral ties are provided as transverse reinforcement in column, They are called tied columns, Lateral ties may be used for columns like s¢ etc. See Fig. 7.3 (a). (2) Spiral columns : ‘When longitudinal bars are covered lateral type of column is called spiral column, quare, rectangle, cincular, eLL, Tee, Swastic, ly by a wire in the form of helix or spiral, such Spiral reinforcement is normally provided in circular columns, Due to higher ductility, spiral columns are suitable for earthquake resistance289 0} mn ded with structural steel sections like H-section, steel tube. » itis called composite column, “ee rovil (May 2013, June 2014) : ed to compressive load, js subject : Buckling effect should P | jum! wher coreklin of column. ¢ column design- column (Stender column) = ): pont L Te re and © > 12, the column for colurnms if > 7 ie ' H jg called OMB column. sh ; \ p= depth IS : 456 — 2000 \ Le = effective length of column P. 41 a c | Pp Long column fail by material failure and buckling together. But, buckling effect is dominant, ic. secondary FIG. 7.5 BUCKLING OF LONG COLUMN moment is higher. P= axial load M = Moment (Primary) Let, 5 = buckling of column Elem wentary_Struc_Desi-{RCC]\2018\37 _ =<290 Additional moment = P 6 Itis also called P-delta effect Px 3 (secondary moment) Short column : I L, L, Por column, if =* < 12 and + § 12, the column is called short column, For circular column, D = b = diameter of column. FIG. 7.5 (1) MAJOR AND MINOR Axes Short column fail by material failure. The effect of buckling is Negligible, (©) Type of loading : Based on type of loading, a column may be classified as 1. Axially loaded column 2. Eccentrically loaded column (uniaxial bending) 3. Eccentrically loaded column (biaxial bending) 1. Axially loaded column : The columns which are subjected to loads acting along the longitudinal axis oF centroid of the column section are called as axially loaded columns, Axially loaded column is subjected to direct compressive stress only and no bending stress develops in the column 2. Eccentrically loaded column (uniaxial bending) : Eccentrically loaded columns are those columns in which the loads do not act on the longitudinal axis of the column. If the eccentricity is with fespect to one axis only, the column is said to be under uniaxial bending. 3. Eccentrically loaded column (biaxial bending) : If the eccentricity is with Tespect to both the axis (x and y axis), the column is said to be under biaxial bending. Eccentrically loaded columns are subjected to direct compressive stress as well as bending stress,| | | ly (@ aly loaded () Ecgentrtcoly loaded (©) Eccentrically loaded column (uniaxial bending) (bicxial bending) FIG. 7.5 (A) L— 3 REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS : per IS : 456 - 2000, P.48, cl. 26.53 Requirements as (a) For longitudinal reinforcement : () The cross - sectional area of longitu Shall not be less than 0.8% shall not be more than 6% of the gross cross sectional area of the column. (i) The minimum number of longitudinal bars shall be, four in (June 2014) idinal reinforcement rectangular columns six in circular columns. (ii) The bars shall not be less than 12 mm in diameter.292 (iv) Spacing of longitudinal bars ; Design of g 1g Of longitudinal bars measured along the Periphery > tr ety exceed 300 mm. oF the et (¥) Arteinforced concrete column having helical reinforcen of longitudinal bars OS )) Transverse reinforcement : (ls: 456-2009 age iy, General : rc, 2633 " A reinforced concrete compression member shall have transverse or a, 4 spose hat ery longi bar nearest 0th compression fn ig, suppor aginst bcking sujet o provisions in 2 below. The eet gh’ etn Se by traverse enforcement tern the form of cular ings capable of Pon tension o by plygna inks Cte tes) with mera anges not exceeding the transverse reinforcement shall be properly anchored, 5°. The ea 2. Arrangement of transverse reinforeement : 44 OQ Q Hy |<75_|<75_| ‘S486, AI dimension in milimetres AM mason rita @ a > Diameter » a (nn soca “TTP T ‘Al dimension in milimetros ©) Individual groups {NI dimension in milimetres @ FIG. 7.6 ARRANGEMENT OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT eee93 ie wheat asec 7 ed Al bars are not spaced more than” 1008 git Paced more than 5S mm on either side, Sates need only to go round corer and alternate bars for the purpose ° fore aceral SUPPORTS fg. 7.6 (a) din VIC gitudinal bars spaced at a distance of not exceeding 48 times the diameter of We ~ effectively tied in two directions, additional longitudinal bars in betwee™ the He a eed 10 BE tied in one ditection by open ties. Fig. 76 (b) ose be «nes e longitudinal reinforcing bars in a compression member are placed in more her’. row, effective lateral support to the longitudinal bars in the inner rows MAY han” rad to have been provided if asst transverse reinforcement is provided for the outer most row in accdrdance with * (py above no bar of the inner row is closer to the nearest compression face than three + Mines the diameter of the largest bar in the inner row Fig. 7.6 (©) here the longitudinal bars in a compression members are grouped (not in contact) (iv) jy each group effectively tied with transverse reinforcement in accordance with () ane ve, the transverse reinforcement for the compression member as a whole may be rovided on the assumption that each group is a single longitudinal bar for purpose of provers determ!! eae diameter of such transverse reinforcement need not, however, exceed 30 mm. Fig. 7-6 (4). ning the pitch and diameter of the transverse reinforcement in accordance with ransverse reinforcement : 2 Wien lateral ties + (June 2014) @ Pitch = The vertical distance between two consecutive ties in column is called pitch. ‘The pitch of transverse reinforcement shall be not more than the least of the following (i) The least lateral dimension of the compression member (ii) 16 x smafler diameter of the longitudinal bar. (iii) 300 mm (I) Diameter : The diameter of the polygonal links or lateral ties shall be not less than, - 1 i @ ] * diameter of the largest longitudinal bar Gi) 6 mm Which ever i more™~ De = esign of Structy (c) For helical reinforcement rey, Ie itch : The pitch of helical reinforcement shall 1 : + = x Core diameter of column but, + 25mm + 3x diameter of helix Diameter : The diameter of helical reinforcement shall be, not less than (i) 1 x diameter of the largest longitudinal bar 4 (ii) 6mm Whichever is more 4 MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY IN COLUMNS : TS : 456-2000, P. 42, Cl. 25.4 All columuns shall be designed for minimum eccentricity : Minimum eccentricity (e) = Where biaxial bending is considered, it Unsupported length of column Lateral dimension 500 30 and D in mm. is sufficient to ensure that eccentricity ‘exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time. 7.5 ASSUMPTIONSINDESIGNOF COMPRESSIONMEMBER: —(Nov.2011, June2014) IS : 456-2000, P. 70, Cl. 39.1 Assumptionas made in the design of compression member are : (a) (b) (c) (d) Plane sections normal to the axis remain plane after bending. The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost compression fibre is taken as 0.0035 in bending The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as 0.002. The relationship between the compressive stress distribution in concrete and the strain in concrete may be assumed to be rectangle, trapezoid, parabola or any other shape which results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with the results of test. Elementary_Struc_Desi-[RCC]\2016\36ged Columns ensile strength of concrete is ignored 295 Se EEE EEE Ee Pee t mr mum compressive xin! ; © strain at the hight, 1g to axial compression and bendin 'Y compressed extreme fibre in concrete i and - (0 gybiee 5 0035 minus 0 he se 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the stan atthe tere nesemnin on he eee es ALLY LOADED COLUMN - least compressed extreme fibre ngular 's a rectangl column section subjected to axial load. The column is subjected ig 77 show: : jfot strain of 0.002 and uniform stress of 0.446 f,,. ° ae "ial Foud with © = 0, 7 + f, = stress in steel corresponding to a strain of 0.002 = 087 f, for Fe 250 (Mild stel = 0.79 fy for Fe 415 = 0.75 fy or Fe 500 Ls. code adopts the critical value of 0.75 f, for all grades of steel for finding out the pure aj Joad carrying capacity of short column. 1 Py = 0.446 faye + 0.75 fy Ase h is approximated as 0.45 face + 0.75 fy Ase anil whicl __ (7.1) For pure axial load where, { A, = area of concrete in columa Ace = area of steel in compression in column ess than or equal t0 0.05 D, ie. pin $0.05 D. 1S = 456 - * short axially loaded column by the following equation ° os we 12) 7 If the minimum eccentricity is I |, 2000, C1. no. 39.3 permits the design 0296 Design of Structun, é 2 is obtained by reducing the capacity of i Ro he }ould be noted that equation given by equation 7.1 by approximately 10%, os If however, enn > 0.05 D the column should be desianed for combined yi bending moment, and Cl. 39.3 of the code can not be used. lo, ay For ein $ 0.05 D, Emin = 20 mm 20 < 0.05 D 20 0.05

where, o, = ratio of cr Volume of spiral reinforcement to the volume of core. ih ‘ an0.6[ 8 1} +ts ee as (IS : 456-2000, P. 71) oe Volume of spiral in one loop Now, Py = SPE Oe OP x ‘SECTIONAL ELEVATION FIG. 7.8> CECE reece eee sally poaded Columns 297 A {neglecting 6, rals) sol D, = diameter of core (out to ‘out spit Q) rom ea. (1) and (2) 4-4sp > 0. no( Re '}. fe p-De cr fy puctility of column with helical reinforcement is more than that of tied column There ore cowumn with helical reinforcement is more suitable for earthquake resistance - gxample-1 : Determine the ultimate load capacity of a rectangular column section of 400 1 x 600 mm reinforced with 6 nos. 28 mm diameter bars. Consider concrete of grade M 25 | yee! of grade Fe 415. Assume that eis less than 0.05 times the Jateral dimensions. Solution : M 25 and Fe 415 f, cl f, = 415 Nimm? = 25 Nimm?* A, =6-286 = 3694.5 mm? | A, = Ag -Ay | = (400 x 600) ~ 3694.5 | = 2363055 mm? As per IS : 456 - 2000, P. 71 For ein < 0.05 D P, = 04 fy-Ay + 0.67 fy Ace = 0.4 x 25 x 236305.5 + 0.67 x 415 x 3694.5 = 2363055 + 1027255.72 Allowable service load 3300.31 = 3390310 N eet 1s = 3390.31 KN = 2260.20 kN Elementary_Struc_Desi-[RCC]\2018\38of Structy Ne Tes, UR, P Example-2 : Determ! with "in cinforced a 6 nos, ~ 25 mm diameter bars either ee reinforce | 298 (a) Lateral ties (b) Spirals Use M 25 concrete and Fe 415 stecl Also assume that ein <9.05 D Solution : fy #95 N/mm? ' 2 dig=D=400mm f= 415 N/mm : 603-25 A = 6-25 mm dia. se 1 =6x =x 29 =6xG = 2945.24 mm? A. =A. Ag FIG. 7.10 eee ee e ; x 400? - 2945.24 = 122718.46 mm? (a) Column with lateral ties IS : 456 : 2000, p. 3) B, = 04 fA; + 067 fA Emin < 0.05 D = 0.4 x 25 x 12271846 + 0.67 x 415 x 2945.24 = 1227184,6 + 818923.98 = 2046108.58 N = 2046.11 kN (b) Column with Spirals : P, = 1.05 ultimate axial load capacity of the section with lateral ties IS : 456 — 2000, P. 71 = 1.05 x 2046.11 = 2148.42 kN Example-3 : Design an axially loaded braced column for the following data : Ultimate axial load P, = 3000 kN Unsupported length of column = 3.25 m Effective length /,, = 3.0 muse M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Design rectangular section and square section. Solution : Consider that the column is short and e, fy, = 20 Némm? = 2 fy = 415 Nimm P, = 3000 kN min < 0.05 D in both directions Rectangular section : Assume p, = 2% Asc Ac = Ag- Age = Ay ~ 0.02 A, = 0.98 Ay = 456 — 2000, P. 71 P, = 0.4 fag + 0.67 fy-Ace Is : 456 — 2000, 3000 x 107 = 0.4 x 20 x 0.98 Ag + 0.67 x 415 x 0.02 Ag y= 3000 x 103 = 7.84 A, + 5.561 A, 3000 x 10% = 13.401 A, Ay = 223864 mm? (Required) For rectangular section, take D=1.5b A,=bxD 223864 = bx 15d b = 386.32 mm say 400 mm D = 1.5 x 400 = 600 mm Size of column is 400 x 600 mmDesign of Stryg ty ab 20 < 0.05 x 400 20mm -. OK = 96,5 mm > 20 mm nin £ 0.95 P Emit 76.5 < 0.05 x 600 < 30 mm - OK Check for slenderness + 1s : 456 - 2000, P. 41 by MO ascn D> 600 l, _ 730 by , 750 26875 384 mm ..... therefore provide closed ties for corner as well ay central bars on longer side.(b) Square sectio ‘Assume short rectangular column? Ag= 223864 mm i mn: column and nin < section determines A,=DxDP 273864 = D x D p= 473.14 mm say 475 mm Size of column is 47: Check for eccentricity = about y-axis or X axis _ 80, 30030 = 22.33 mm > 20 mm pig = 22.33 mm ‘min min $ 0.05 b ‘min S 22.33 < 0.05 x 475 < 315 mm ea FIG. 7.12 RECTANGU! pense 44-258 ‘ge @ 300mm e/e ‘00mm 0.05 D. The ct .d in case (a)- 2 (required) 5 x 475 mm * OK ae @ 300mm c/e open ties Lan COLUMN SECTION ross sectional area shall be same as th; at of IS : 456 — 2000, P. 42cially Loaded Columns 303 ry > Check for slenderness ; lee _ 3000 D> ang 7 O38 < 12 1s 456-2000 F-8 ey _ 2750 _ bo ag 7 5789< 12 Therefore, it is a shrot column in both the directions «Longitudinal reinforcement : P, = 0.4 fy Ay + 0.67 fy Aye 3000 x 108 = 04 x 20 x (475 x 475 - A.) + 0.67 x 415 x Age 3000 x 10% = 1805000 - 8 A,. + 278.05 Ay, 1195000 = 270.05 A, Age = 4425.10 mm? Provide 4-28 + 4-256 Ag, = 2463 + 1963 = 4426 mm? + dia, of lateral ties : a) x28 = 7 mm IS : 456 - 2000, P. 49 (2) 6mm Provide larger of two values Provide 8 mm 4 lateral ties © Pitch of lateral ties : (i) Least lateral dimension = 475 mm IS : 456 - 2000, P. 49 (ii) 16 x Smaller dia = 16 x 25 = 400 mm (iii) 300 mm <. Provide smaller of three values . Pitch = 300 mm *. Provide 8 mm lateral ties at 300 mm c/c 48 , = 48 x 8 = 384 mm_ istanee bet 2415 ox? 2347 mm 7 ) aT mm < 384 1 ow therefore provi | open ties to connect the central bars | fc Example-4 : C. short column square in ann to resist ara 2990 kN. Use eanerete grade M-20 and sect grade Fe 5, Assuming 2% of or . ne, ituding ley cement. Determl reinfor (iy Size of square column. (ii), Area of Jongitudinal reinforcement : (iii) Pitch and dia. of lateral ties: draw sketch of sectional elevation and py, an, Solution : 7 p, = 2000 KN fy = 20 N/mm? A, = gross arca of column f= 415 N/mm? 2G steel provided. Ng = 100 Ay 0.02 Ay Ape Ay” Ace ae 0.02 A, ‘A, = 0.98 Ag IS : 456. : 2 000, P. 71 P, = OA fy Ae #067 fy» Are Joao x 108 = 04 x 20 x 0.98 A, + 0.67 x 415 x 0.02 A & 2000 x 10° = 7.84 Ay + 5.561 A g 2000 x 103 = 13.401 A, e A, = 1492426 mm? For Square column For sl i r short axially loaded column si ize of column = /149242.6 Cmin < 0.05 D y in < 01 “os = 386.32 mm 20 . is 400 x 400 man size square column aos

384 mm, two sets of closed ties shall be used Check for Eccentricity : L D e+ D 456 - 2 2 tain = Hoyt IS : 456 - 2000, P 3000, 650, = "500 *°30 = 27.66 mm > 20 mm (minimum) min = 27:66 mm min. 27.66 _ 9 q49 < 005 -. OK D 650 Design as axially loaded short cloumn is satisfactoryae of 1641 reguite 1100 KN: US? fe = e the xample-6 + Calculat an axial load 0! ae mm [to carry a 2 1650 kN oo x 450. Solution = p, asx 1100 Size of column = 220 Nim? fy =415 N/mm? For short axially loaded column, P= 04 fax” A, +067 fy “Ase Ag = 400 x 450 = 180,000 mm? Ace Ag Ase = 180,000 - Asc 0 x (180000 ~ Ase 1650 x 103 = 0.4 2 1650 x 10° = 1440,000 - 8 210,000 = 270.05 Ase Age = 778 mm? is 456 - 2000, P. 48, But as per I 0.8% Mini. p, in column = 0.8 Ase = 100 x 400 x 450 = 1440 mm? (governs) . Provide 8 nos - 16 @ bars (A, sc dia. of lateral ties 2 (i) 7* 16 =4.0 mm (i) 6mm “. use 6 mm @ ties Design Of Structy, Tor a short RCC colum Fes TR ey MPa and Fe 415 Sa 4 F stegy (June 2012, v4, ee. lay IS : 450 - 2000, P. 7) ) 40.67 x 415 X Age Ag + 278.05 Acc = 1608 mm?) » ay,eine axsatly Loaded Columns 309 pitch of lateral ties : (i) Least lateral dimension |-— column 400x450mm = 400 mm 8 noe—1¢roms (ii) 16 * 16 = 256 mm arya (iii) 300 mm corde :. Provide 6 mm $ ties @ 250 mm c/c Distance between corner bars on 400 fonger face }—— 8 nos—166 = 450-2 x 50 = 350 mm fecal 48 $, = 48 x 6 = 288 mm Ting Since, 350 mm > 288 mm 250mm ¢/c two sets of closed ties shall be used. in FIG. 7.16 + 3? Example-7 : Design a short square R.C. column for an axial compressive factored load of 1500 KN. The grade of concrete is M - 20 and steel Fe - 415. Use minimum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement. Also design lateral ties. sketch the details. (Oct. 2016, Nov- 2017) Solution : Mini. steel as per IS : 456-2000, P. 48 is 0.8% 0.8 : Asc 199 Ag = 0.008 A, fg = 20 N/mm’ A, = A, ~ 0.008 A, f, = 415 N/mm? = 0.992 Ag P, = 1500 kN Pi =0.4 fy. A, +0.67 f, Ace CIS : 456-2000, P. 71) © 1500 x 103 =0.4 x 20 (0.992 A,)+0.67 x 415 x (0.008 Ay) 1500 x 103 = 7.936 Ay + 2.22 Ay 1500 x 103 = 10.156 A, Ay = 147696 mm? tsDesign of Structures [ ally loaded column 310 Consider square column, bie <0. Size of column = 147696 fe 20 = 384.3 mm 2 oy 20 mm (mini. required) Cin = 22.2 mm (ii) 6 < 0.05 D emin ¢ on < 0.05 22 005 450 0.049 < 0.05 O.K. : 9 : Design a circular column to carry an axial load of 1600 kN. Using helical Example- crete and Fe-415 grade of steel used. Sketch the reinforcement reinforcement. M-25 grade of co details Solution :* * Design of Structures [RCC 312 ength of ticd column, Strength of column with helical reinforcement = 1 factored load = 1.5 x 1600 = 2400 kN. 2400 design factored load (P,) =T05 2285.71 KN. Assume mini. steel 0.8% Aye = 0.008 Ag Ay = Ag- Age = Ay ~ 0.008 A, = 0.992 Ay Py = 04 fy. Ag + 0.67 fy Age 2285.71 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (0.992 A,) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 Ay 2285.71 x 103 = 9.92 A, + 2.22 Ay 2285.71 x 10° = 12.14 A, A, = 188280 mm? IS : 456-2000, P.71 Assume € pin < 0.05 D. 188280 = * x D? D = 489.62 mm Provide dia. of column = D = 500 mm Cin < 0.05 D tr 20 Ay Provided = = x 500? [= 196350 m 0 < 05 Axe = 0.008 Ay 0.04 < 0.05 OK. 0.008 x 196350 570 mm? Provide, 8 Nos ~ 16 Aj = 1608 mm? Consider clear cover = 40 mm for helix. Consider 6 mm M.S. bars for helix. D, = 500-4040 = 420mm +. Ag = 2 x 420? = 138544 mm? gy = : x 62 = 28.27 mm? an Ay Minimum @, = oae( 8-1) P.71 ‘cr fy n036( 2850), 28 138544) 415 0.009stall Loaded Columns 313 ee SE SE ge eee ECE EE Ea eee 4 Check for pitch : pitch (p) should be < 75 mm 1 <§ % 420 = 70 mm > 25 mm >3xosp=3x6=18 mm Provide pitch = 30 mm c/c p = 29.91 mm = pitch say 30 mm (IS : 456-2000, P.49) p=30 ‘SECTIONAL ELEVATION D=500mm LONGITUDINAL BARS ‘Bros. = 16mms HELICAL(SPIRAL) REINFORCEMENT 6mms,030mmC/C ENFORCEMENT LONGITUDINAL FIG. 7.18 Elementary_Struc_Desi-[RCC]\2018\40ircular column section lor Example-10 : Design eccentricity and short/long column. ‘Axial load = 2000 KN Unsupported length = 3.0 m Effective length = 3.0 m Grade of concrete = M-20 Grade of steel = Fe - 415 Solution : Designing as per helical reinforcement 3000 mm effective length = ! 5x2000 = 2857.14 KN. design factored load (P,) = ~~ Assume Mini. steel 0.8% Ace = 0.008 Ag Ag = Ag ~ Age = Ag ~ 0.008 Ay = 0.992 Ay », = 0.4 fay Ay + 0.67 fy Ase IS : 456-2000, p, 7), S : 456-2000, P. 7)) 2857.14 x 103 = 0.4 x 20 x 0.992 A, + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 Ag 2857.14 x 10° = 7.936 A, + 2.22 Ag 2857.14 x 109 = 10.16 Ay “ D= 598.37 mm 281214.6 = i x D? Provide dia. of column, D = 600 mm Ag Provided = ; x 600? = | 282743.30 mm Ace = 0.008 Ay = 0.008 x 282743.30 = 2261.95 mm? Provide, 6 nos - 22 mm dia. bars Aj, Provided = 2280 mm? Assume €ni, < 0.05 Deee ; siall Loaded Columns A ws Consider, 8 mm 4 helix, clear cover = 40 mm D, = 600 - 40 - 40 = 520 mm, A., = : x 520? = 212371.7 mm? " dy = 4 * 82 = 50.26 mm2 A, f 9, = 0.36 | 2-1] ek ain 8, = 036 (28 | 282743.3_,) 20 36 ( 82783 _ |), (asa '}. 415 = 0.36 (0.289) x2. 415 = 0.00575 Now, 4x 50.26 px520 oe ch = 67.23 mm Check for pitch : (IS : 456-2000, P. 49) pitch (p) should be < 75 mm < z x 520 = 86.66 mm > 25 mm >3x osp=3x8=24 mm Provide pitch = 70 mm c/e Check for minimum eccentricity : (IS : 456-2000, P. 42, Cl. 25.4) 1 = 1, = 3000 mm min < 0.05 D ! D 26 min = 500 + ry an 00 < 0.05 2000 cou =6+ 20 0.043 < 0.05 .. OK. 500 10 = 26 mm > 20 mm Cin = 26 mmDesign of Structu: 316 = [Rc Check for short or long colu be _ 3000 g9<12 <. Column is short. IS : 456 - 2099 = P-4 ' D _— LONGITUDINAL BARS 6—22mme HEUCAL_ REINI tf 8mms,@70mmC/C pa70 D _—R.C.C COLUMN 600mm DIA D SECTIONAL ELEVATION HELICAL, REINFORCEMENT LONGITUDINAL BARS D=600mm PLAN FIG. 7.19 Example-11 : An R.C.C. column 450 x 450 mm is reinforced with 4 nos. of 28 mm ameter bars and 4 nos. of 20 mm diameter bars. The unsupported length of the column is 6 m. The lateral ties of 6 mm @ bars are provided at 200 mm c/c. (i) Check whether the main reinforcement and lateral ties are adequate or not. (ii) Check the eccentricity.tally Londed Columns 317 Solution : Main reinforcement ; Ag = 4 ~ 286 + 4 ~ 205 = 2463 + 1256 = 3719 mm2 As per 18:456-200, P. 48 SP. 16, P. 229 For column Minimum % of reinforcement = 0.8 % [7 08 ‘Aq mini = 95 * 450 x 450 = 1620 mm2 3719 mm2 > 1620 mm? . 7 Ok Lateral ties : (IS:456-2000, P. 49) Dia. of lateral ties : a ; x dia. of larger bar = ; x 28=7 mm (ii) 6 mm Diameter of lateral ties should not be less than 7 mm. 6 mm 4 provided is not sufficient. pitch of lateral ties : (i) Least lateral dimension = 450 mm (ii) 16 x dia, of smaller bar = 16 x 20 = 320 mm (iii) 300 mm pitch should not exceed 300 mm. 200 mm pitch provide is sufficient. check for minimum eccentricity : 1S:456-200, P. 42 emin < 0.05 D an) 2.2 enin = Sop ay Fm < 005 pean 0.049 < 0.05. OK 500 30 =72+15 = 22.2 mm > 20 mm (mini required) wv... 2. OK.318 Design of Structures [Ric Tra circular column to carry an axial load of 1100 KN by using hej ai ‘ketch the reinforcement details, Exampl reinforcement. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 ste Solution : (May 2019) fey = 25 N/mm? fy = 415 N/mm? 5 x Strength of tied column, Strength of column with helical reinforcement = 1.0! Factored load = 1.5 x 1100 = 1650 kN :. Design factored load = Py = 190 = 1571.42 KN Assume Minimum steel 0.8% Age = 0.008 Ag Ac = Ag ~ Asc = Ag ~ 0.008 Ag = 0.992 Ag Is : 456-2000 P.71 assume Cin < 0.05 D ce Py = 0.4 fy-Ag + 0.67 fy Ase 1571.42 x 103 = 0.4 x 25 x (0.992 Ag) + 0.67 x 415 x 0.008 Ag 1571.42 x 103 = 9.92 A,t+ 2.22 Ag 1571.42 x 103 = 12.14 Ag 2944 129441.52 = 7 x D? D = 405.96 mm Provide dia. of column as D = 410 mm emin < 0.05 D Ag provided = © x 410? = 132 A || Provided = J x 4102 = 132025.43 mm? | 7 < 0.05 Age = 0.008 Ay 0.0487 < 0.05 = 0.008 x 132025.43 Assumption is correct. = 1056.20 mm? Provide 6 nos - 16 bars (As, = 1206 mm?) Consider clear cover 40 mm Consider 6 mm 6 M.S bars for helix -. Dia. of core = D, = 410 - 40 - 40 = 330 mm Aer = FX 3302 = 85530.0 mm?axially Loaded Columns un ayy = x 6 = 28.27 mm? A f, Minimum &, = 0.36 | © -!} fe : Ka fy c 132025.43 25 = 0.36 x | 132025.43 4] x 25 3 [ 85530 ‘> 415 = 0.36 x 0.544 x 0.0602 = 0.01178 4x 28.27 0.01178 = S535 p = 29.08 mm “pitch = p = 29 mm Check for pitch LONGITUDINAL, 6nos—166 HEL 66—29mmC/C | R.C.C COLUMN 10mm DA ‘SECTIONAL ELEVATION HELICAL LONGITUDINAL BARS: D=410mm PLAN FIG, 7.20Design of Structu; res Re 56-2000, 9 320 pitch < 75 mm < Ex De= £ x 330 = 55mm > 25mm > 3x sp=3x6= 18 mm ©. Pitch = 29 mm which is safe. W example-13 : Design a short R.C. column to resist an axial characteristic load 9 1200 kN. Use material M 20, Fe 415. Draw neat sketch. (May. 2016, 2017) Solution : Characteristic load = 1200 kN factored load = P, = 1.5 x 1200 = 1800 kN fx = 20 N/mm? f, = 415 Nimm? Assume 1% steel. x = gross area of column, A 1 we = op Ag = 0.01 A Ag = Ag ~ Age = Ag ~ 0.01 Ay = 0.99 Ay P, = 04 fy - Ac + 0.67 fy Ay 1800 x 10° = 0.4 x 20 x 0.99 Ag + 0.67 x 415 x 0.01 A, | IS : 456 - 2000 P.71 Assume 1800 x 10° = 10.7 A, €min < 0.05 D A, = 168224 mm? For square column, Size of column = 768224 = 410.15 mm Provide size of column = 415 mm x 415 mm A, = 415 x 415 = 172,225 mm? Age = 0.01 Ag = 0.01 x 172225 = 1722 mm? If we provide 4 nos of longitudinal bars spacing between peripherial bars will exceed 300 mm.. «8b required Provide 4- 209 +4 — 16 4 (1256 + 804 = 2060 mm?) Dia. of lateral ties ; 1 le IS : 456 - 2000, P. 49 (i), 6mm use larger dia.say 6 mm ties [+ longiutdinal bors 4-208 + 4-168 LATERAL TILES 68-250mm j>-—RCC COLUMN 415mm X 415mm ELEVATION 415mm 415mm PLAN FIG. 7.21 Elementary_Struc_Desi-[RCC]\2018\41322 Pitch of lateral ti eral dimension = 415 mm (i) Least lat (ii) 16 16 = 256 mm (ii) 300 mm Distance between corner bars Whichever is small. = 415 2 x 50 - 20 = 295 mm Pitch = 256 mm say 250 mm 48 4, = 48 x 6 = 288 mm use 6mm ¢ ties at 250 mm ¢/c. here, 295 mm > 288 mm Therefore, two sets of closed ties used. shal Example—14 : Calculate minimum no. of bars required for a square column of 459 ™, Solution = pacing of longitudinal bars measured al Ong the As per IS : 456 — 2000, P.48, .26.5.3.1, S| pheriphery of the column shall not exceed 300 mm. total 8 bars are required for a square column 450 mm x 450 mm Therefore, Consider cover to reinforcement = 50 mm FIG. 7.22 Example-15 : a. ie Rie Fae What shall be appropriate minimum diameter and maximum spacing of Fe s in a rectangular column with 230 mm least lateral dimension and reinf reed and reinfo with only 25 mm @ Fe 415 steel ?axially Loaded Columns 323 v Solution = dia. of lateral ties ; 1 (i) G % 25 = 6.25 mm IS : 456 ~ 2000, P.49 (ii) 6 mm, whichever is more, Use 8 4 polygonal links (ties) pitch of lateral ties : (i) Least lateral dimension = 230 mm (ii) 16x 25 = 400 mm (iii) 300 mm, whichever is smalll pitch = 230 mm Provide 8 $ ties @ 230 mm c/c. A reinforced short column of 400 mm x 450 mm in cross section is to carry an axial factored load of 1680 KN. Calculate the area of steel required and the spacing of 8 mm dia. lateral ties. Use concrete M-20 and steel Fe-250. Give detail sketch. (Ans. : A,, = 1505 mm?, spacing = 288 mm) Use 6 - 18 6 bars. Design longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for a column 300 mm x 450 mm to support factored load of 1500 KN. Use M-15 concrete and Fe - 415 steel. Draw sketch. (Ans, : A,, = 2536 mm?, Use (4 - 22 9 +4 - 18 4), ties 6 mm $ 285 mm cic) Design rectangular R.C. column for a axial load 1500 kN. Use M-15 concrete and Fe-250 steel. Also check for eccentricity. Unsupported length of column is 3.5 m. (Ans. : Use 0.8% steel, A,. = 2600 mm’, use (6 - 22 mm 6 + 2 nos - 16 mm 9) ties 6 mm $, 250 mm c/c) A short R.C.C rectangular column of 300 mm x 400 mm is reinforced with 6 nos. of longitudinal bars (4 nos. of 25 mm @ and 2 nos. of 20 mm 6). Determine load carrying capacity of the column. If M - 25 mix and Fe - 415 steel is used. Also design the column for lateral ties. Check the column for minimum eccentricity. Unsupported length of column is 3.2 m. Sketch the details. (P, = 1894 KN, 8 mm ¢ @ 300 mm cic ties)