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Bokenkamp) » 42 82 #518 + H 241-248 « 53 tide (AAMT MAEM) (C1130) » EAMALERL CL) Emr ty BEMLLE PRART ADR BE,ASLSUTIL ! AUR A APSE Sakti 83 EVORSLE DRT BAS - ERR LSM ERR RR Ae > AVERT RR A: EAS PERI EET SE + PS TIDUS < UEMATSU - Leek MATER RHA) OEE ESE ROSES EAE AY » 9 PREACH OR FEE ER THAUENS: + NAR TERERAUEEUTG > SUN TUT LTA EES: A IPS I DAG EMER » UE > RARE LEI SEAUEDR + MRCS RR IMIR | OR, + ISBT. OE LES TEL - MRCUHRARRA PARRA WHA RMARE RE RAW AA BAMA BERS RAK PLANAR» DRED TE ARTLINE PASE ° B38 ORE “PRISER "CT 5 7431) Schipper, Kristofer, ed. 1975. Concordance du Tao- tsang. Tires des ouvrages. Paris: EFEO. (Publications de I'EFEO, 102.) 1. (98) EGR + RUT CAREER)» I: HESS + 1990 FF « 2. (BE) Fe + RRR CET ARERE) » bie: bis aL it» 1991 4 + 3. (BERR?) GECHSEAED (CT790) + BSE AMIE CIERGERE) - SRSA» Belerti | SSCA ALENT + 1977 + 4. (HR?) CEHPESBEERE) (CTII4) ABRRSRARR CE eum)» LMT» Belk Th + RRMA LENT» 1977 F 5. GEM?) 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HLLEEAA + 1996 + (TSR ESB + FULT)» HOE + ANTI © 6.» 1987» (_EREBBIC FL S OTERO ESL HERE L C) + CHRERSEAZE) 30/2:56:84 » 7, SM 1990) (EF CURRED TERRACE)» CRG BT 32) BIH» Hy 149-180 - 8,.—— + 1996 > (AARSLYME : AGM ett, SRATHELISU ATI) © CF ESC MPAIRTI) BF 9M FL 91-130 © 9. Bs 2000+ (HARLAN) (CF) > Cat 33) + HE 368-393 » Aba + HEATARL + 10. ARETE + 2001 > (Red FREEOR SHIR) + COPA FCRRESRES WIEATBTL) 72/2:233-300 » 11.44 BE (Stephen R.Bokenkamp) +1999» ( RAREMGDNHS “ARs HL WS REPEAT) CMARSCILAAFE) 16:241-248 « 12. HAE ASAR » PREREGAS 1996 GHG: HBR) °F ie: eee thiai » 13. G3 (Mare Kalinowski) 9» E383E8% > 1997 + (ASHEN A ERO $8) > CEBDBEM) 2:315-347 + 14, AGAR + 1997 + Come)» cadk oR LHERIREL + 15. FERRER» 1991 + Ce) > dk: HAA] + 16. SEGRE > 1999» (ABLE ER EUAIISE) Gib: BCH FPL aS * +1963 > (PEARS) + CARTE) + Fi 308-369 ACHE: “PSE > 18, SAE + 1996 +» FREAK) + CHR TGSRBL) 87:1-20 + 19. BIL + 1909 > (BE > RATA th TN AGM AIBA ASE) + CSM) 2:62-76 > UAT + RARE RSE : ATARI ABUSE) + HL S7-74 + ACR + SARE + 2003 4F > + 20.— + 2003+ ( (_Ei#BESREERE) RUSCRRERUTZE) >» CARS RFU ¢ APVARBHOTEAUTIE) «75-95 > dk: SBR TE + 21. BST + 1988 > RAE SGET LSTA RUT) + (BE SRUCAIRPAANMSE) > 219-261 > Alt | AMA] « 22. ASSAD » 1956» (2 BRAIN A Rh Se PAL RS Bh) > CRIBS OIEARTDD 28 CE) + 1754+ 23. SHBBRE » 1997 + (RBA Ha, SCATTERER) > SELLE 17,86 RT SORTA @ 5 ASE) + 327-360 » maiiE + EHESMLAMBE « 24. MERE: 1991+ (ARABROMZMAR) » (ETRE) BE 162-167 » bis > Lv SHABD © 25. REE * 2001+ (REED) + CAB 97:1-19 « 26. Campany, Robert Ford, 2002, To Live as Long as Heaven and Earth: A Transla- tion and Study of Ge Hong's Traditions of Divine Transcendents., Berkeley: Uni= versity of California Press. 27. Nickerson, Peter, 2000, “The Southern Celestial Masters.” Livia Kohn ed. Daoism Handbook, Boston; Koln: Brill., 256-282. 28. Schipper, Kristofer M., 1994, “Purity and Strangers-Shifting Boundaries in Medi- eval Taoism”, 7’oung Pao LXXX(1994):61-81. 29. Seidel, Anna, 1970, “The Image of Perfect Ruler in Early Taoist Messianism: Lao-tsu and LiHlung.” History of Religions, IX, Chicago. 30. Strickmann, Michel, 1981, Le Taotsme dlu Mao Chan:chronique d'une revelation, Paris: Collége de France, Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises. FAB PRR OM SL FRE 11529 FMA 128 5 E-mail: chaojan@gate.sinica.edu.twAut ST | MA- RAMA ASR 87 Initations and Practices: The Teaching on Sexual Rites (huangchi) of Zhao Sheng’s Celestial Masters Sect Chao-Jan Chang Abstract In the Six-Dynasties Period, when Taoism was at the peak of its development, different Tar cist practices were continually proposed, modified, and rejected. The particular sexual rites, hue angchi, practiced by the Tianshidao 6 (the Celestial Masters School), had existed since the inception of Taoism, but it was constantly subjected to criticism for its controversial morality Notwithstanding, members of the Celestial Masters School stuck to the tradition of sex rituals within their group for reasons that deserve our further investigation. This paper proposes to con duct a textual analysis on two significant documents in Celestial Masters School, namely The Shangqing huangshu guodu yi Ei 38 I (Rites of Salvation ofthe Yellow Writings of Hig- hest Clarity) and the Dongehen huangshu 3436 &(The Yellow Writings of the Cavem-Per- fected) inthe serics of eight-volumed Huangshu % (The Yellow Writings). In ight of the doc- trinal development desribed inthe documents, an intial attempt is made to distinguish the Ce- lestial Masters Sect, which originated in Yuntaizhi under its founder Zhao Sheng, fom the Celes- tial Masters School, and to war against the ovesimplification of treating the various Celestial ‘Masters School as one unified, homogeneous trend of thought and practices. The analysis of the rites of salvation ofthe Yellow Writings reveals that the rtes were actually a series of initiation rituals. In the spirit ofthe harmonious unification between Heaven and Earth that complement cach other, copulation was performed between masters and neophytes of the opposite sex in an effort pass on tothe followers the heavenly qi that materialized as chigi inhuman bodies as well asthe skills required for enlightening sexual relations with their Future spouses. After the initia- tion, members ofthe Schoo! would do as instructed by the guidebook of the Dongzhen uangshit asa way to enlightenment. This research is expected to lead toa deeper understanding of the re= ligious selFidentity and the religious life ofthe Celestial Masters School convert. Key words: Taoism, The Celestial Masters School, Zhao Sheng, huangchi, art of the bedchamber (langzhong), uniting gi (heqi), sexual rites, initiation ritual.