Question Four (2) _ Explain two types of pavement evaluation (b) Briefly explain the meaning and causes for the following rigid pavement distresses (palling (i) Blowup Buckling) Distress | Description Causes Spalling Blowup (Buckling) Question Five (2) State any four benefits of proper maintenance of roads to the road users and road agencies. (©) What is the purpose of pavement management system? (©) _ For each of the following types of pavement distresses, state their right maintenance option and what might happen if neglected. Pavement Distress | Right maintenance What might happen if neglected option Rutting Alligator Cracking (4) Explain why most of the bituminous roads are developing rutting and alligator cracks distresses in the early stages (Premature failure)PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE TUTORIAL NO.1 30/11/2022 Question One Outline six general causes of pavement failures. Question Two (@ Fill in the table provided any three causes and three treatments pertaining to the given flexible pavement distress types. Distress Type | Possible causes Treatments Alligator Cracks Ravelling (>) Outline any three principal uses for the pavement condition data? Question Three (@) _ Explain the term “Loss of surface skid resistance” as used in paved roads. (&) Explain the meaning and functions for each of the following surface rehabilitation techniques: () Slurry seal Gi) Sand seal (©) Draw a sketch showing the relationship between pavement condition index (PCI) and time for a service life of 20 years, if the PCI values range from 90 to 50 in a 6 years period, and then the pavement is resurfaced such that the PCI is increased to 80. After another 6 years, the PCI has reached 40, but with a rehabilitated pavement in place, PCI increased to 85. At the end of its service life the PCI value is 35.