CHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Lesson 3 Principles of Design eo _____«}_______«ee Learning Outcomes ‘At the end of the lesson 3, the students must have: 11) identified the principles of design; 2) defined and translate principles of design in an artwork: and 3) created an artwork. I Lesson Development LESSON 3 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Introduction ‘The Principles of Design describe the ways an artist use different elements of design in a composition, Making a design ke making a cake. The Elements are the ingredients. The directions for mixing them tagether are the Principles. Organization of elements that work together to give unity Principles of Design. These ways ar principles are Principles of Design © Balance Balance is the principle of design refers to the visual equalization of the elements ima work of art. Balance refers ta the weight of objects and their placement in relation to each other. It's a sense of stability you might feel from elements in alignment. Three major forms of balance: Asymmetrical balance where equilibrium is achieved by the balance differences inthe art elements within a composition. Symmetrical balance where the art elements in a composition are balanced in a mirror-tike fashion (it does not have to be exact but close), Radial balance isa kind of balance where the elements branch or radiate out from acentral point.CHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Portrait of the Painter's Mother (commonly known as Whistler's Mother). by James Whistler is an example of asymmetrical balance (upper left). Oriental Poppies, by Georgia O'Keefe is an example of asymmetrical balance (above). And the Race Window of the Natre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is an example of radial balance. ‘Source of Petes: htm eepad comes pod pet © Proportion The relationshipin size of one component (part) of a work of art to another. This could be natural (e.g: a nose which fits onto 2 face the way you would expect it), exaggerated (e.g. a nose that is vastly over orundersized), and idealized, inwhich parts have the kind of perfect proportion that you just don't see accurring naturally. | John Zacchea work titled Wine Battie and Cheese is known for its proportion because when comparing the size of the abjects in the composition, you see that the objects are not too large cr too small for each ather. They are of a realistic size source of Fcture: hips tpeped confles/ood potCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Unity A principle of design that relates to the sense of ane-ness or wholeness in a work af art, There is something similar throughout the entire design. Do nat be confused with harmany, unity. is the overall cohesion of the work. You might achieve this through any kind of grouping of objects. Any kind of similarity will help to strengthen the sense of unity you feel when looking at a series of objects Cezanne work Mt. Victoria is known for is unity Source o Picture: p/h. tyoened cones /pod not Emphasic The principle of design that is concerned with dominance; the development of a main idea or center of interest. Emphasis is an extension of these first two principles: it is when contrast, placement, size, color, or other features are used to highlight one object, area, or other elements of the artwork. This is used to draw attention 2 focal point — or accentuate a feature ‘Wassily Kandinsky's, Compasition Vf. Kandinsky emphasized the large black circle in the upper left corner of his ‘work. The object is different from everything else in the painting and ‘therefore it “stands out” source of ieare: brtayPenba npepad com/His/o0d pot Variety Variety is a senseof the difference between elements af an artwork —the opposite of unity, or harmony.CHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Variety adds a sense of chaos to a work, and this is often used to highlight certain powerful emotions. Salvador Dall is one of the artists who have experimented with chaos and variety in his paintings, yet achieved a great sense-of perfection, When unity is used instead, it immadiately calms - though this can ako lead to being boring. Wassily Kandinsky, Composition Vil. Kandinsky used a variety of fines, shapes and colors to give this painting interest. He also overlapped some of those elements source of Petar tp: lenbs ypepad.comyties/on, | Movement A principle of art referring to a way of combining art elements to produce a look and feel of action, ar to cause the viewer's eye to travel over the artworkin a certain way. Hf the emphasis is used, this often means you start with this element first and travel away from it. The movement inherent in the image is important, ast tells you a story through the use of lines (whether they are literal ar implied) Starry Night (1889) of Vincent Van Gogh. Look at the painting and concentrate on how your eyes bounce from one star to another. This is an example of how an artist can create movernent in a work of art source of tae: eo aw vengoahwaler com ating sary ighCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART © Rhythm This can also be thought of as a kind of relationship between patterned objects. Rhythm is aften the use of regular, evenly distributed elements — they could occur in slow, fast, smooth or jerky intervals, and'this tells you something about the feelings invoked, Like listening ta an upbeat pop song versus.a slow ballad, the arrangement af notes creates a kind of pattern you naturally respond to. The important part is recognizing the relationship between the abjects. In Vincent van Gogh's Undergrawth with Twa Figures (4890), the trees provide 2 very repetitive beat. which contrasts ‘against the energetic brushwork used for the grass and flowers. ‘source of Picare: ps: feawpataceden comrtteny + Scale It might sound similar to proportion, but they differ slightly: scale is about the size of objects but in relation to what you'd expect them to be in reality. HW an object occurs in a natural scale, then the object is the size we would expect to find it. Diminutive refers to an object being smaller than expected, and monumental is when the object is much larger. Andrew Wyeth, Cheistina’s World (1948), In this scale inart example, the artist uses scale to show the space or depth between the girl and the house inthe background. souree of eta: tos /rtcleeeuratorcom/orindales af GeserrexamcienCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Harmony Harmony is the principle of art that creates cohesiveness by stressing the similarities of separate but related parts. ‘One should note that harmony is nat the same as unity. Harmony does, hawever, enhance unity in a work of art. Specifically, harmony uses the elements of art (color, line, shape, form, value, space, texture) as a vehicle to create a sense of togetherness amongst otherwise ceparate parts. A set of colors that relate according to2 specific scheme creates harmony. Likewise, a uniform texture of brush strokes acrass the surface of a canvas creates harmony. Another way to guarantee harmony is ta choose compositional components that are similar in shape and contour. Pablos Picasso's The (ld Guitarist (1890) is united by the dull, blue tones used in the painting. Even. the orange guitar looks like itis bathed in soft, blue fight. Source of Picture: htps:/rawoumnacademy com fisrsany) Contrast A principle of design that refers to the differences of the elements in a work of art. Two very different elements are combined in the same work (i.e. dark vs. light value; bright vs. dull color; geometric vs. organic/free form shapes) etc. Contrast can be used to create variety, visual interest, and drama in an artworkCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Caravaggio, Crucifixion of St. Peter (2601) in this example of contrast in art, Caravaggio created a scene of action and energy by contrasting both light/dark and irectional fines Fite tos oan feccurator comoCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART TASK Direction: Analyze each painting carefully and thoroughly. identify the main principles of design that the designer has used. Explain and describe the effect of that main principle of design has ‘on the overall design of the artwork, using specific details of the work to support your ideas. Explain it briefly but substantially (NOT YELLOW PAPER). ‘Write your answer in a one whole sheet intermediate paper Youwill be graded based on the following criteria: Content and Originality (50%). Organization and Structure (25%), Usage of words and Writing Style (1536) and Grammar and Spellir Punctuality (10%) PICTURE 1 The Starry Night (1889) Painting by Vincent van Gogh Source: http: /saww vananghalery.con/paiting saree hlCHAPTER Ill: ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART PICTURE 2 “The Spoliarium” (1884), Painting by Juan Luna Source: htp//wwwartworkony cm famous-wtpt2/spoiarue- by juar-une famouse handmade painting oncanves Reflection from the activity: [Answer this question based on the first activity. Write your answer in a 1 whole sheet of paper: © What makes you say you “like” a piece of original design artwork? Describe your thought process of seeing a piece of a design and then into determinizing the fact “I like this!