AP3019A

WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER

Description Pin Assignments

The AP3019A is an inductor-based DC/DC converter designed to
drive up to eight white LEDs in series for backlight. Only one (Top View)
feedback resistor is needed to control the LED current and obtain
Pin 1 Mark
required brightness.

A constant frequency 1.2MHz PWM control scheme is employed in

this IC, which means tiny external components can be used. SW 1 6 VIN
Specifically, 1mm tall inductor and 0.22F output capacitor for a
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typical application is sufficient. Additionally, the Schottky diode in

GND 2 5 VOUT
boost circuit is integrated on this chip. The AP3019A also provides a
disable pin to ease its use for different systems.
FB 3 4 CTRL
The output over-voltage protection is implemented in AP3019A. When
any LED is broken or in other abnormal conditions, the output voltage
will be clamped. K/KT Package
(SOT-23-6/TSOT-23-6)
The AP3019A is available in standard SOT-23-6 and TSOT-23-6
packages.
Applications
 Cellular Phones
Features  Digital Cameras
 Inherently Uniform LED Current  LCD Modules
 High Efficiency up to 84%  GPS Receivers
 No Need for External Schottky Diode  PDAs, Handheld Computers
 Output Over-voltage Protection (OVP)
 Fixed 1.2MHz Switching Frequency
 Uses Tiny 1mm Tall Inductor
 Requires only 0.22F Output Capacitor

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Typical Applications Circuit

V IN  3V L 22 H
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1 5
6 SW VOUT
VIN
Control C OUT
Signal AP3019A 0.22F
4 3
CTRL FB
CIN GND
1F 2 10

C: X5R or X7R dielectric

L: SUMIDA CDRH5D28R-220NC or equivalent
This circuit can work in full temperature

Pin Descriptions

Pin Number Pin Name Function

1 SW Switch pin. Connect external inductor
2 GND Ground

3 FB Voltage feedback pin. Reference voltage is 200mV

4 CTRL Shutdown and dimming pin. Connect to 1.8V or higher to enable device; Connect to 0.5V or less to
disable device; Connect to a PWM signal to achieve LEDs brightness dimming

5 VOUT Output pin. Connect to the cathode of internal Schottky diode

6 VIN Input supply pin. Must be connected to a local bypass capacitor

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Functional Block Diagram

FB SW
3 1
SOFT
5
VOUT
START

OVP
DRIVER
6 A1
VIN VREF 200mV
Q
R
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1.25 V
A2 Q1
S

COMPARATOR

2
4 GND
CTRL
RAMP
GENERATOR

1.2 MHz
OSCILLATOR

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit

VIN Input Voltage 20 V

VSW SW Pin Voltage 38 V

VFB Feedback Voltage 20 V

VCTRL CTRL Pin Voltage 20 V

JA Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient, No Heat Sink) 265 C/W

TJ Operating Junction Temperature +150 C

TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 C

TLEAD Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) +260 C

– ESD (Machine Model) 250 V

– ESD (Human Body Model) 2000 V

Note 1. Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.

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Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

TOP Operating Temperature Range -40 +85 C

VIN Input Voltage 2.5 16 V

VCTRL CTRL Pin Voltage – 16 V

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Electrical Characteristics (@VIN =3V, VCTRL=3V, TA =+25°C, unless otherwise specified.)

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

VIN (MIN) Minimum Operating Voltage – 2.5 – –

V
VIN (MAX) Maximum Operating Voltage – – – 16

VFB Feedback Voltage (Note 2) IOUT=20mA, 4 LEDs, TA=-40oC to +85oC 188 200 212 mV

IFB FB Pin Bias Current – – 35 100 nA

IQ Quiescent Current VFB=VIN, No Switching 1.5 2.5 3.2 mA

ISHDN Shutdown Quiescent Current VCTRL=0V 2.0 4.0 6.0 A

f Switching Frequency – 0.9 1.2 1.5 MHz

DMAX Maximum Duty Cycle – 90 93 – %

D=40% – 550 –
ILIMIT Switch Current Limit (Note 3) mA
D=80% – 550 –

VCESAT Switch VCE Saturation Voltage ISW=250mA – 360 – mV

– Switch Leakage Current VSW=5V – 0.01 5 A

High 1.8 – –
VCTRL CTRL Pin Voltage V
Low – – 0.5

ICTRL CTRL Pin Bias Current – – 100 – A

VOV OVP Voltage – – 30 – V

VDROP Schottky Forward Drop ID=150mA – 0.7 – V

VR(Reverse Voltage)=23V – 0.1 4

– Schottky Leakage Current A
VR(Reverse Voltage)=27V – – 150

t Soft Start Time – – 300 – s

Thermal Resistance SOT-23-6 – 60 –

JC C/W
(Junction to Case) TSOT-23-6 – 60 –

Notes: 2. The bold type specifications of full temperature range are guaranteed by design (GBD).
3. The switch current limit is related to duty cycle. Please refer to Figure Current Limit vs. Duty Cycle for detail.

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Performance Characteristics (WLED forward voltage (VF) is 3.45V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.)

Efficiency vs. Junction Temperature Efficiency vs. Input Voltage

83 86

82 84

81
82
80
Efficiency (%)

Efficiency (%)
80
79
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78 78

77
76

76
O
74 IOUT=20mA, 8 LEDs,TA=+25 C
75 VIN=3.6V, IOUT=20mA, 8 LEDs
CIN=1F, COUT=0.22F, L=22H
CIN=1F, COUT=0.22F, L=22H 72
74

73 70
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
o
Junction Temperature ( C) Input Voltage (V)

Efficiency vs. LED’s Number Schottky Forward Current vs. Schottky Forward Drop
86 350

85
300
Schottky Forward Current (mA)

84

83 250
Efficiency (%)

82
200
81

80 150

79
O
100
78 VIN=3.6V, IOUT=20mA,TA=+25 C
CIN=1F, COUT=0.22F, L=22H
77 50

76
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
LED's Number
Schottky Forward Drop (mV)

Shutdown Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
30 3.5
Shutdown Quiescent Current (A)

25 3.0
Quiescent Current (mA)

2.5
20

2.0
15
1.5

10 O
TA=-50 C
1.0 O
TA=+25 C
O
5 TA=+25 C TA=+100 C
O
0.5

0 0.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V)

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Performance Characteristics (WLED forward voltage (VF) is 3.45V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.) (Cont.)

Input Current in Output Open Circuit vs. Input Voltage Frequency vs. Junction Temperature
6.0 1.40

1.35
5.5
1.30
5.0
1.25
Input Current (mA)

Frequency (MHz)
4.5
1.20
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4.0 1.15

3.5 1.10

1.05
3.0
1.00
2.5
0.95
2.0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 0.90
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Input Voltage (V) o
Junction Temperature ( C)

Feedback Voltage vs. Junction Temperature Schottky Forward Drop vs. Junction Temperature
210 0.80

208 0.78

206 0.76
Feedback Voltage (mV)

Schottky Forward Drop (V)

204 0.74

202 0.72

200 0.70

198 0.68

196 0.66

194 0.64
ID=150mA
192 0.62

190 0.60
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
o
Junction Temperature ( C) o
Junction Temperature ( C)

Schottky Leakage Current vs. Junction Temperature Current Limit vs. Duty Cycle
0.50 700

0.45
VR=10V
Schottky Leakage Current (A)

600
0.40 VR=16V
VR=23V
Current Limit (mA)

0.35
500

0.30

0.25 400

0.20
300
0.15 O
-50 C
O
0.10 200 +25 C
O
+100 C
0.05

0.00 100
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Junction Temperature ( C)
o Duty Cycle (%)

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Performance Characteristics (WLED forward voltage (VF) is 3.45V at IF=20mA, unless otherwise noted.) (Cont.)

Saturation Voltage vs. Switch Current CTRL Pin Voltage vs. Junction Temperature
450 1.8
1.7
400 Falling Edge
1.6
1.5
Rising Edge
350

CTRL Pin Voltage (V)

Saturation Voltage (mV)

1.4
300 1.3
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1.2
250
1.1
200 1.0
0.9
150
0.8

100 0.7
0.6
50 0.5
50 100 150 200 250 300 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Switch Current (mA) O
Junction Temperature ( C)

Application Information
Operation
The AP3019A is a boost DC-DC converter which uses a constant frequency, current mode control scheme to provide excellent line and load
regulation. Operation can be best understood by referring to the Figure Functional Block Diagram of AP3019A.

At the start of each oscillator cycle, the SR latch is set and switch Q1 turns on. The switch current will increase linearly. The voltage on sense
resistor is proportional to the switch current. The output of the current sense amplifier is added to a stabilizing ramp and the result is fed into the
non-inversion input of the PWM comparator A2. When this voltage exceeds the output voltage level of the error amplifier A1, the SR latch is reset
and the switch is turned off.

It is clear that the voltage level at inversion input of A2 sets the peak current level to keep the output in regulation. This voltage level is the output
signal of error amplifier A1, and is the amplified signal of the voltage difference between feedback voltage and reference voltage of 200mV. So, a
constant output current can be provided by this operation mode.

V IN  3V L1

1 5
6 SW VOUT
VIN
Control AP3019A C2
Signal 4 3
CTRL FB
GND
C1 R1
2

Typical Application Circuit to Decide R1

LED Current Control

Refer to Figure Typical Application Circuit to Decide R1, the LED current is controlled by the feedback resistor R1. LEDs' current accuracy is
determined by the regulator's feedback threshold accuracy and is independent of the LED's forward voltage variation. So the precise resistors are
preferred. The resistance of R1 is in inverse proportion to the LED current since the feedback reference is fixed at 200mV. The relation for R1 and
LED current can be expressed as below:

200mV
R1 =
I LED

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Application Information (Cont.)

Over Voltage Protection
The AP3019A has an internal open-circuit protection circuit. When the LEDs are disconnected from circuit or fail open, the output voltage is
clamped. The AP3019A will switch at a low frequency, and minimize input current.

Soft Start
The AP3019A has an internal soft start circuit to limit the inrush current during startup. The time of startup is controlled by internal soft start
capacitor. Please refer to Figure Soft Start Waveform.
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II N
100mA/div

VO U T
5V/div

VF B
100mV/div

VC T RL
2V/div

Time 100s/div

Soft Start Waveform

VIN=3.6V, 5 LEDs, ILED=20mA

Dimming Control
Two typical types of dimming control circuit are present as below. First, controlling CTRL Pin voltage to change operation state is a good choice.
Second, changing the feedback voltage to get appropriate duty and luminous intensity is also useful.

(1) Adding a Control Signal to CTRL Pin

Add a PWM Signal to CTRL pin directly. The AP3019A is turned on or off by the PWM signal when it is applied on the CTRL pin. The typical
frequency of this PWM signal can be up to 2kHz. Please refer to Figure Dimming Control Using a PWM Signal in CTRL Pin.

AP3019A
CTRL
up to 2kHz

Dimming Control Using a PWM Signal in CTRL Pin

(2) Changing the Effective Feedback Voltage

There are three methods to change the effective feedback voltage.

First, adding a constant DC voltage through a resistor divider to FB pin can control the dimming. Changing the DC voltage or resistor between the
FB Pin and the DC voltage can get appropriate luminous intensity. Comparing with all kinds of PWM signal control, this method features a stable
output voltage and LEDs current. Please refer Figure Dimming Control Using DC Voltage.

AP3019A
FB
Effective
VDC Feedback Voltage
R3 R2 R1
90K 5K 10

Dimming Control Using DC Voltage

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Application Information (Cont.)

Second, using a filtered PWM signal can do it. The filtered PWM signal can be considered as a varying and adjustable DC voltage.

AP3019A
FB
Effective
PWM Feedback Voltage
R4 R3 R2 R1
C
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10K 90K 5K 10

0.1F

Dimming Control Using a Filtered PWM Voltage

Third, using a logic signal can change the feedback voltage. For example, the FB pin is connected to the GND through a MOSFET and a resistor.
And this MOSFET is controlled a logic signal. The luminous intensity of LEDs will be changed when the MOSFET turns on or off.

AP3019A
FB
R2 Effective
Logic Feedback Voltage
Signal 2N7002 R1

Dimming Control Using Logic Signal

Ordering Information
AP3019A X X - X

Product Name Package Packing RoHS/Green

K: SOT-23-6 TR: Tape & Reel G1:RoHS Compliant
KT: TSOT-23-6 and Green

Package Temperature Range Part Number Marking ID Packing Type

SOT-23-6 -40 to +85C AP3019AKTR-G1 GAS Tape & Reel

TSOT-23-6 -40 to +85C AP3019AKTTR-G1 L8E Tape & Reel

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Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm(inch).)

(1) Package Type: SOT-23-6

0°
2.820(0.111)
8°
3.100(0.122)
0.300(0.012) 0.200(0.008)
0.500(0.020)
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0.300(0.012)
0.600(0.024)
6 5 4
2.650(0.104)
3.000(0.118)

1.500(0.059)
1.700(0.067)
Pin 1 Mark

1 2 3
0.700(0.028)REF

0.950(0.037)TYP

0.000(0.000) 0.100(0.004)
1.800(0.071)
0.150(0.006) 0.200(0.008)
2.000(0.079)

0.900(0.035) 1.450(0.057)
1.300(0.051) MAX

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Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm(inch).) (Cont.)

(2) Package Type: TSOT-23-6

0
2.800(0.110)
8
3.000(0.118) R0.100(0.004)
MIN
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1.500(0.059) 2.600(0.102)
1.700(0.067) 3.000(0.118)
Pin 1 Dot by
Marking

0.370(0.015)
MIN

0.950(0.037) 0.100(0.004)
BSC 0.250(0.010)

1.900(0.075)
BSC 0.250(0.010)
BSC
GAUGE
PLANE

0.700(0.028)
0.900(0.035)

1.000(0.039)
MAX

0.000(0.000)
0.100(0.004) 0.350(0.014)
0.510(0.020)

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