THE LOWER DANUBE ROMAN LIMES Ce So! eSND) Edited by Lyudmil Vagalinski, Nicolay Sharankov, Sergey TorbatovLIFE-SPAN OF THE SETTLEMENTS IN THE PROVINCES OF MOESIA SECUNDA AND SCYTHIA AS EVIDENCED BY COIN FINDS (LATE 5" — BARLY 7™ C. AD) Stoyan MIHAYLOV ‘The present study is based on data about the coin finds in the provinces of Meesia Secunda and Scythia. Its purpose is to trace the development of the settlements in this borderline region of the Eastern Roman Empire. ‘The scope of the study is confined within the chronological period between the beginning of the rule of Emperor Anastasius 1 (AD 491-518), who introduced a new type of bronze coins with his monetary reforms in AD 498 and 512, and the tule of Heraclius (Ad 610-641), when a drastic reduction was registered in the supply of Byzantine bronze coins after AD 614-616 in the region of the Lower Danube (Mihaylov 2008, 79). After this date, in my opinion, the exceptionally rare finds of carly Byzantine coins are no longer indicative whether or not a certain settlement was ‘The geographic boundaries follow the territories covered by the two provinces. To the Hast both provinces reach the Black Sea, while the River Danube is theit Northern borderline (Marron 1999, 28; Topdaros 2002a, 14). The Southern boundary of Moesia Secunda alte ogether runs along the Balkan Mountains (Manon 1999, 28), and if the easternmost parts of the mountain the boundary most probably runé to the north of the fortification line starting from the tettitory of the present-day village/of Bulair (in the municipality of Dolni Chiflik, district of Varna) and reaches the Black Sca at the Late Antiquity fortress near the present- day town of Obzor (Annes ct al. 2007, op. 70). accept the line proposed by 8. Torbatov boundary separating Moesia Secunda from Sothia, namely — from the bank of the Danube ve. near the Oltina Lake (district of Constanga, Romania), to the south along the dry and wet patts of the Suha Reka tiver bed and to the East along the current of the Batovska Reka tivet to the Black Sea (Top6aron 2002, 19-20). The River Vit and its tributary, Beli Vit, are considered to be the western boundary of Moesia Secunda (Vetters 1950, 7; Velkov 1992, 385; Hanon 1999, 28). This provides grounds to include the fortress of Golemanovo Kale near Sadovets (district of Pleven), situated on the eastern bank of the River Vit, in the tettitory of Moesia Secunda, contrary to the common attitude that it belonged to Dacia Ripensis (Velkov 1992, 389-390; Annes 2006, 85).462. Stoyan Mihaylov The information from the coins is summarized by complexes. The coin complexes presented in this study fall into two groups according to their nature: 48 coin hoards! and 82 seties of single coins. Specific data from individual coin hoards ot series of single coins shall not be treated as absolute; quite the opposite, overall pictures zesulting from the grouping of the complexes by geographic and chronological indicators shall be examined. On the grounds of the data from the coin complexes two periods of the settlement hia can be outlined. The first covers the time till the middle of the 570s AD and is characterised by a comparative sustainability of life in the provinces of Moedia Secunda and ‘culation in individual the settlement network, with almost no interruptions in the coin cl settlements and very rare finds of coins fallen out of circulation (only 12 coin hoards are known so far for a period of about 80 years). In 54 out of 82 single coin complexes (i.e. in 65 per cent) covered in the study the of Anastasius I (AD 491-518); in 19 (23 per cent) complexes the earliest coins are of Justin I (518-527) and in 7 (9 per cent) complexes the earliest coins dare back to the initial years of the rule of Justinian T till AD 536. The coins of Anastasius I might have reached some settlements only several decades after being minted; conversely, earliest coins are coir not finding coins of Anastasius I in some of the complexes might as well be due to mere chance’, Anyway we can assume that the greater part of the settlement network functioned under the tule of Anastasius 1, moreover in the period AD 518-538 a slight increase of the number of inhabited settlements was noticed. ‘The mapping of the complexes with the latest coins till AD 565 (map 1) reveals that five collective finds with latest coins from the period AD 527-538 are concentrated along the Black Sea coastline between Varna and Kaliakra. One of the reasons for these complexes not to be in circulation afterwards, could be the invasion of the Bulgars in AD 538 and 540 (Beason 1959, 47). A second likely reason is that they might have been “lost” as a result of the catastrophic flood in this part of the Black Sea coastline in AD 544-545 (Theophannes 1997, 326). Another point worth mentioning is the interruption of the coin circulation in several settlements in the south-western part of the province of Moesia Secmda (Debnevo, Batosheyo, Kilifarevo) in the ars between AD 538 and 565. Whether this was a direct result of the Slavic invasions registered during this period (Beaxox 1959, 47-49) is difficult to say, because the coin series of the above-mentioned settlements had a relatively small number of coil which does not provide grounds for offering a more categorical opinion. “The present study does not examine the collective finds from Razsoba 1933 (Chatal Deve, district of Veliko Tarnovo), Asparuhovo 1924 (Chenge, district of Varna), Pleven 1926, Pliska 1955, Popovo 1951, Radingead (district of Razgrad), Varna 1936 in Bulgesia, Satu Nou (district of Constanya) in Romania (Morrisson et al. 2006, No. 43, 44, 49, 50, 51, 53, 58, 78), because of the rather general information that is available in respect of them, 2"The composition of the coin hoards in Golemanove Kale I and III, as well as the one in Zhelad points out that under the rule of Mavricius Tiberius (AD 582-602), coins minted during the time of his predecessor Anastasius I (AD 491-518) were still in circulation. At the same time in all the single-coins complexes with more than 50 coins, there are always coins of Anastasius 1, while they are not to be found in some of the comple numbering fewer coins esLife-span of the Settlements in the Provinces of A a Collective finds with Collective finds with Complexes of stay aot coin up to €0 Inet coin upte 628 confi with fast Moesia Secunda and Scythia as Pwidenced.. 463 in up to 88 2 wn ea eaeed 5 + ose ‘= Klfoeio ¢ 5. fala ces) 17 ones 7 {XR SW 2 7 ag € om . 4 is ar ee we ae oe oe 50 km 4 Map 1 ‘The complexes with the latest coins of Justin H (AD 565-578) reveal that in 67 per cent of them the latest coins were minted after AD 574, and only in 1 (Aladzha monastery) out of 12 complexes the latest coin was minted before AD 570. In some of these settlements (Golemanovo Kale, Koptivets and Abrit) coin hoards were found also with latest coins minted during the rule of Mauricius Tiberius (AD 582-602), which points wa later date of interrupting, the supply of new coins to the same settlements. This makes it possible to suppose that later issues with latest coins of Justin II circulated in other settlements as well, only that such coins so far have not been localized. One of the reasons that accounts for this is the 4-5 times tedluced average annual volume of the supply of coins of ‘Tibetius I Constantine (AD 578- 582) and of Mauricius Tiberius (AD 582-602) in comparison with the rule of Justin TT (AD 565-578) (Gandili 2003-2005, 113, table 3; Maxaiiaon 2010, 111-115, fig, 1-3), The late 570s AD marked a new stage of the settlement life in Moesia Secunda and Sowthia. \t the beginning of this stage for a period of about 20 years (until about AD 602) 70 per cent of all the coin hoards, covered in the present study, disappeared from the coin circulation, and the supply of new coins was also interrupted in 70 per cent of all the setdements in Moesia Secunda and in 40 per cent of all the settlements in Seythia, covered464. Stoyan Mihayloy 4 o a Collective finds with Complexes of stray Cece fds ith Toot com ap ta 578. enn with lst coin lost con up to 692 wpios7e 2 Pmw tons) $8.0 2.commnee sth. Adee renmon a ownne vax gue) comm cary thet crpan ee IW.kepets sacoumowrny — 1 %anget-okin cia) 7 W-korshoats B.Gonmner tae 2.comavads Atop) {seta Dustin) 2. Chmoatons Soran ben) — A tn ae ‘Biko rapes s.Prvedinegion ts Gempleces of stay ‘1 Rome 2k Owocnee aeaketoval Sora en ‘2 opluiCasva 25 Ait alga BE vam Hayate cointnas wih astcan ‘s.mit Patnyty)—38 oan apa EM upto 602 4. uunght pagal snow funy Eta ingame) Regan) 5. ani i tow Btn rapa posi lpr mus) 74 Pon ave Tents enigeve(Casion) Fe Tucan ecco) Garman Bota in the present study (map 2). ‘The interrupted supply of new coins and the huge numbet of coin hoards coincide with the increasing invasions of the Slavs towards the end of the rule of Justin II and the war becween Byzantium and the Avass, when according to evidence from historic sources of the same period, dozens of settlements were captured and devastated in the provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia (Beaxow 1959, 50-54). The combination of these observations gives grounds to assume that the settlements, which were cut off the supply of new coins, were cithcr abandoned or their territories and population were severely reduced. su Tn the beginning of the 7 century under the rule of Phocas (AD 602-610) and in the early years of the rule of Heraclius (AD 610-641) the process of supplying the provin of Meesia Secunda and Soythia the supply of newly minted coins actually came to an end in all the settlements of the two provinces (Mihaylov 2008, 80, table 1). This is usually considered the time when these settlements were abandoned (Aasaperxo 2003, 156-159). This judgment most probably could be regarded as valid for the settlements, where 1-2 coins of Heraclius were found. ‘ith new coins was still interrupted (map 3). In AD 614-616 However, a group of coins (Veliko Tarnovo, Varna, Euxinograd, Kaliakta, Constanya)Life-span of the Settlements in the Provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia as Evidenced.... 465 o . Comolexes of stray Complexes of stray ‘colnfinds with net coinfirde with oct coin upto 610 coin up to 616 1 even (Soon) 18 Chek Asis) 24, Canin FS 2 Pct 1H. Drs Novae! 26. Comaved note ‘-tuaan Mensnarisca) 18. velo Tamote Zia) 2 Topaa (Saar) 4,S8st@ Dumstbam} 38. Chemiwrah 2 arson Sus ities esAteshove 17. Prorat Bae it) 6.08en0%0 18 vana(osessus) 28 Junovca pgaruny 7s} 10. Ensinogas M.Enola (Conan) Balen ists) Zo Kowrea Wine) 3, Sova usa (Bn) ®.peamete(Topoam 1 Klaka (Rows). Maho em Tous 2.Margsa(Calois) 38 Nate 1. leneea Move) 22, Constants es) 3, Tana Mapua) rn Cotactive finds wth lastcoin upto 66 12. vara oss) — man There A stands out among the complexes with latest coins of this emperor, where the coins of Heraclius are considerable in number (between 6 and 15 pieces), which, in my opinion, rules out the option that they disappeared from the coin circulation within several years. This is a proc Ekely to take a longer period that might span even several decades. However, at the current stage no precise chronological guideline can be offered. ‘The numismatie data from almost 6200 coins, coveted by the present study, provide grounds to outline two major periods in the life of the settlements in the borderline Byzantine provinces Moesia Secunda and Scythia, During, the first one (the late-5 centry — the 70s 570s AD) the settlement network under investigation appeared to be stable. The evidence about barbarian invasions during this period, in combination with numismatic data, indicate that even if there were any military conflicts, these did not have significant impact upon the life of the population and the damages suffered must have been easily overcome from the point of view of the individual provinces. ‘The great change happened in the late late 570s, when the military conflicts in the territories of the two investigated provinces seriously intensified. The interrupted coin circulation and the large number of coin hoards unmistakably point out the damage incurred to the466 Stoyan Mihaylov settlement network in both provinces, much more significant in Moesia Secunda and less so in Seda. This difference might be explained by an eventual restoration policy implemented in the tertitory of the latter province. Potential restoration activities might account for the “losing” of the numerous coin hoards in the province of Siythia from Adamelisi (Tropacum Traian’), Cernavodi (Axiopols), Topaha (Capidana), Istria (Hisiria), Murighiol (Elalmyris\ under the rule of Mauricius Tiberius (AD 582-602), and for the existing single coins of Phocas (AD 602-610) and Heraclius (AD 610-641) in the same settlements. ‘The process of destruction of the Late Antique settlement network continued also during the 7 century, but the interrupted supply of bronze coins to the investigated provinces after AD 614-616 prevents a more precise chronological tracking of the process under examination on the basis of data from the numismatic finds. Appendix L. Coin complexes on Map 1 A, Coin hoards with latest coins minted in the period AD 527-538. Provenance Number First coins Last coins | References of coins 1 Debnevo 31 | 3 pes 512-518) RMH-Lovech! 2 | Varna (Odes) 94 | 21 pes (512-518) RMH-Varna” 1 : - aie 3 | Zlacni Pyassatsi 24 | Spes (512-518) | U1 pes (527-538) | Mostisson et al. 2006, || “ No. 62 Moerisson et al. 2006, | senowe 9 s (498-512) | 7 pes (627-5. : 4 Owsenovo | 9 | 2pee 498-512) | 7 pes (627-538) Ne 48 | Mosrisson et al. 2006 5 Kaliakta (Acres) 7 2pes (491-518) | 3 pes 627-538) sem al 2006, ta M 9 : RMH- 19 Varna—Kayalakatl | 4 | 4 pes (518-527) Mapee'1953)'26, RMH un Varna B. Coin hoards with latest coins minted in the period AD 538-565. en | 8a sae ey eee Mortisson et al. 2006, 6 ‘Teteven men | 2e5(827-538) | 1 pe (62-563) ioe | Morrisson et al. Gorna Oryahovitsa | 8 | 3 pes (512-518) | Ipe fore Maes - oe 8 | Fissek (fiag- | 1 pc (512-518) a i | | ment) 10 | ment) I’ Benkovski (frag- | 3 pes (518-527) | 4 pes (638-565)Life-span of the Settlements in the Provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia as ividenced 467 10 | Varna—Batareyatn | 9 3 pes (518-527) | 1 pe (562-563) Vieanon 2004, 197 36 11 | Shabla (Carva/Creai) | (feag- | 3 pes (~ 538), 2 pes (663-564) | TopSxron 2002-2003, 22-26 ment) 383} 952 pes (up.498 Morrisson et al, 2006, 12 | Constanta (Limi) | (frag- 2 pes (545-546) ? ¥ 1) No. 66 ment) C. Complexes of single coins, .. with latest coins minted in the period AD 538-56: RMII-Lovech 13 | Debnevo 13 | 1pe (12-518) | 3 pes (638-565) 4 Giadnitsa 8 1 pe (498-512) _| 1 pe (566-567) RMLL-Gabrovo" 15 Batoshevo 14 | 2pes 12-518) | 1 pc G4l-542) RMH-Gabrovo \ THAVIM-BAH ilifa 's (512-. 554-555 . 16 Kilifarevo 22 3pesG12-518) | 1 pe @54-555 (¥. Ternove branch)! 7 Voyvoda 6 | 1 pe 27-538) | 1 pe 641-542) PKeKona 2006, 70-71 5 RME-Varna; 18 Ries ey 6 pe (312-518) | 1 pe (562-563) MH-Provadia’s | Adereenepols) MIL-Sevlievo II. Coin complexes on Map 2 A, Coin hoards with latest coins minted in the period AD 565-578. x - —— Map Provenance Number) First coins Last coins References No. of coins: 1 (Golemanovo Kale 1] 35 | 2 pes (518-527) Morrison oa 2000; No. 8 (feng. - we 2 | Pleven (Songasids 1 pe 642-543) Kopastena 2008, 73-75 8 ment) 3 GabrovoGradishte] 36 2 pes (512-518) RMH-Gabrovo RMI : 543-544) (674.575 4 Dichin 12 | t pe (43-544) | 1 pe 674-575) Mi tatnawe 5 Baniska 15 L pe (538-539) 2 pes (573-574) |Morrisson et al. 2006, No. 41 7 15 (frag: 7 - 7 6 Byala reka meng | 2PeS A024) | 1 pe 65-578) | Maradinon 2008, 159-142 7 | Sige 7 Apes (518-527, 2 e (573.574) |Morrisson et al. 2006, No. 55 (Durestorun’) — follis : Pat HPee OF . : : 8 oe 3 IMorsisson ct al. 2006, No. 56 | Doras) — oles 1 pe 665-578)468 Stoyan Mihaylov [10 Aksakovo 1 8 | apes 658-559) | 3 pes (505-578) RME-Varna im Rogachevo 30 | 3pes 12518) | 1 pe 672-573) MH-Balehike 12 | Topalu (Cepidanw) | 35 | 14 pes (627-538) _ 18 pes (565-578) |Mortisson et al. 2006, No. 80. 13 [Matighiol (Ha’mnig 1) 9 L pe 618-527) [Mottisson etal. 2006, No. 76| 14 |Mutighiol Habyyrig I] 39 1 pe (Ve) {pe 675-576) _[Mortisson et al. 2006, No. 77] B. Complexes of single coins, with latest coins minted in the period AD 565-578. 15 | Golemanovo Kale | 112 | 1pe 12-518) | Lpe 676-577) | Mackeasen 1992, 341-343 Gabrovo — 7 7 bie . 16 Bbine 53 | 6 pes (498-512) pe (573-574) RMH-Gabrovo : Kluwe 1966, 410-411: \ Keivina (laers) 51 | 2 p08 498-512) | 1 pe (577-578) eee oor, | 236-239; RMH-Ruse? 18 Koprivets 20 | 4 pes (518-527) | 2 pes (569-570) RMH Ruse 19 | Kovachevers 22 | Lpe 12-518) | _ 1 pe (675-576) M-Popovo” 20 Metodievo 1 1pe 618-527) | Lpe 676577) PKexona 2006, 69-79 21 | Chemookove 15 | Opes 618-527) | 2pes (672-573) | Kexona 2006, 67-78 22 | Aladzha monastery | 6 1 pe 618-527) | 1 pe (568-569) RMH-Varna | 23 Debrene 19 1pe627-538) | 1 pe G77-578) _RME-Dobrich" | 24 | Obrochishve 6 | 1pe@12-518) | 1 pe (674-575) RMH-Dobrich ; og ea = RMH-Varnas 25 | Absit (Zallapa) 19 | 1peqor-s18 | 1 pe (74-575) aya Golesh/ Kapitan . RMH-Dobrich; 2 © (512: 5 (574-57 26 Dimitrovo a Ape (12-518): }1-9 pes, M4375) RMH-Silistra!” 71 | Varna—Kayalaka 8 | 1 pes 612-518) | 1 pe 75-576) RMH-Varna C. Coin hoards with latest coins minted in the period AD 578-602. Golemanovo, Mozrisson et al. 2006, 2 | rate | 162 | Opes 12-818) | Tpe (578-575 No.2 28 a Kale | 59 | 3ppes 618-527) | 1 pe GR2-583) wena °. a ~~ | 29 ow. Kale 1g | 3 pce (542-565) | 3 pes 84-602) Mout ee 2006, 7 Geran Kale | 55 | 1 pe qor-sisy | apes @e4-602) Mortnen in 2006,Life-span of the Settlements in the Provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia as widenced... 469 Golemanovo Kale 1 pe (584-602) Morrison et al. 2006, * vl ‘ EEE O2TS6Y) No. 245 32 Koprivers 40 | apes @ies27) | 1 pe @s2-583) Neiscn a 2006, 33 Razgrad (Abritm) | 8 | 7 pes 665-578) | 1 pe (81-582) Asanen 2005, 133 34 Zhelad 83 | 7pes 612-518) | 1 pe (585-586) siete “ a 2006, : Morrisson et al, 2006, 35 Provadia area (Gag- | 3 pes (576-582) 1 pe (582-602) a ON EF , ment) lo. 36 Aksakovo I 9 1 pe 656-557) | 1 pe (589-590) RMH- ‘Varna — Kayalaka 5 Mupyer 1953, 9-115 Mor- 7 5 (638-539 +5 (578-579 , : (the basilica) 52 | 2pes (538-539) | 2pes 578-579) | eer sae No, 50 Te , Morsison eta 2005 38 | Abrit (Zaidgpa) | fre | 1 pes (565-567) | 2 pes (582-602) | NOMA SN ic) No. Adamelisi Morrison ct al. 2 39 | (Cropaenn Truien), | 3°! | 1 pe 38-530) 1 pe 684-585) forrisson et al. 2006, (102) No. 63 1908 _. ais ‘Adamedlisi erisson et al. 2 40 | Crpacim'Inien), | 13) Lpe(S70-571) | 1 pe G90-sor) | Morisson eval 106, No. 64 1993 = 7 Strunga cop — 41 | (cootina-Cisle) 8 {pe 491-518) | 1 pe 691-592) lili 2003-2005, 150 Cornayodi ora bas Moreisson et al. 2006, 42 (Assepoli) 6 1 pe (527-565) | 4 pes (578-582) No 68 ‘i et al. i 43. | Istria (Hiswréa) TL 22 2 pes (527-538) | 1 pe (595-594). eh ea 2006, | : Mania eral: NOG | 44 | Istria (His IV) 27 1 pe (566-567) | 1 pe (599-600) lor cae 2006, 45 | Istsia Givig Vo | 12) 1 pe 667-568) | 1 pe (601-602) Mornsson al 2006, 46 | toeria tiie IV) 10 | 1 pe G65-56q | 1 pe (600-601) Mowison ea 2006, | ; , son et al. 2006, a | stavaRusa Ghia) | 8 | 1pe@27s6s) | 7 pes (82-602) | Monisson cial 006, [a eee & os Nei? D. Complexes of single coins, . with latest coins minted in th 1e petiod AD 578-602. 48 49 Sevlievo Dichin 8 5 pos (518-527) 1 pe (586-587) MH-Sevlievo” # 5 pes (618-527) 2 pes (578-582) RMIELV Tarnovo,470 Stoyan Mihaylov Nikyup (Nieapoiis ise srg cay, | Butcher 1995, 302-303; 50 ‘a isan 6 | 2pcs (518-527) | 1 pe 678-582) Riese - Mechka | aa 7 s (1251 9 RMH Ras St Cthimninn 68 | Spe 12518 | 1 pe GL-s9 e 52 | Razgsad (Abritns) | 22 | 3 pes (512-518) | 1 pe G78-579) RME-Ravgrad" 53 | _Krumovo Kale 45 | Spes (512-518) | 1 pe 693-594) RMETargovishte! 54 | Veli Preslav au L pe (498-512) | 2 pes (583-584) 2Kerona 2006, 66-81 55 Dragoevo 9 pe (512-518) | 1 pe 678-579) 2exova 2006, 65-79 56 Shumen 158 2 pes (498-512) | 1 pe (691-592) 2Kexona 2006, 65-81 57 Madara 14 pe (12-518) | 1 pe 84-585) IKexowa 2006, 66-81 Gandllé 2003-2005, 139; | Sieben Poenaru Borden et al. 2004, 5g |, Ostrov (Daronte! 28" 2 pes (518-527) | 1 pe (80-581) | 25-81; Custurca 2004-2005, me) 499; Dima, Elefterescu | 2009, 230-231 | & - Géndili 2003-2005, 140; | 59 | Pacuiul uiSoare | 24 1 pe (498-512) | 1 pe 685-586) Poenaru Bordea et al. | 2004, 42 ss | | Poenare Bordea et a ‘ali | oenaru Bordea et al. | 90 Canlia 12 | {pe (518-527) | 1 pe (583-584) 2004, 28-112 | | | Géndili 2003-2005, 136; 61 | Iavoarele (Sucidar) | 39 pe 498-512) | 1 pe 682-602) | Cnsturen 2004-2005, 498; | | | MDJ-Cakirasi"® | 62 | SatwNou(4éind) | 18 | 4 pes G12-518) | 1 pe (594595) | Géndila 2003-2005, 141; © 63 Onogus (Pabrataa) | 354 | 24 pes 491-518) 1 pe (89-590) RMH-Dobrich” | 64 Balik (Adind) 28 | Apes (491-518) 1 pe (686-587) RMH-Dobrich ; | , | Vodnuantsi/Dry | 7 7 | 65 | covets (Filet | 37 | SPesGI8527) 1 pe (686-587) RMH_Dobrich, | 66 Voynikovo 10 | 2pes (18-527) | 1 pe (691-592) RMH-Dobrich | RMH-Varna; . ne : s cheng or ; | Kiten 19 | 2pes (S18-527) 1 pe (578579) as | 68 Ayrea 7 I pe (527-538) 1 pe (583-584) RMH-Varna © 69 | Dolen Chiflik 8 I pe (827-538) 1 pe (86-587) | RMH Verna | 70 | Kamehin (Evis) 15 | 1 pe (527-538) I pe 594-595) 72) Varna — Vinivsa 8 I pe (518-527) 1 pe 686-587) | RME-Verna MH-Balehik, 73 | Novo Botevo 20 |S pes (527-538) 1 pe (689-589) RMH Varna, RMH-DobrichLife-span of the Settlements in the Province: of Moesia Secunda and Scythia as Evidenced... 471 . - — - Topoa |g 7 (569. 1 pe (84-5 - 4 (Apbreion | 7 1 pe (669-570) pe 84-585) RMH-Dobrich, oo 7 RMH-Varna, 5 | Balgaevo (Him | 11 | Ipei2s18) I pe (590-591) ATR ek 76 | Polkovnik Dyajovo | 19 | 3 pes 18-527) | 1 pe (581-582) RMI-Dobsich | Severtsi 39 | 12 pes 491-518) | 1 pe (587-588) RMH-Dobrich dil 2003-2005, 131- 78. | Harsova (Carsinm), | 25 | 3pes (498-518) | 3 pes (682-602) SN ae ; 1 Ganalila 2003-2008, 142- | 143 79 erases 28 1 pe (491-518) | 2 pes (582-602) 80 | Garvin Dinogetic) | 69 ) Bpes W98-518) | 11 pes 682-602) | Gandilt 2003-2005, 134 TIL Coin complexes on Map 3 A. Complexes of single coins with latest coins minted in the period AD 602-610. — an aT 7 Map Provenance Number! First coins Last coins References No. of coins Konawena 2005, 73-7 1 | Pleven (Stergosia) i 1 pe (491-518) | 1 pe (605-606) RME-Pleven'*; RMI-Varna 2 Fisck 23 | 3 pes (518-527) | 1 pe (603-696) Kexowa 2006, 6: Tutrakan eae MHTutrakan”; ne (Fransmarisea) 6 pe OA ee seen (605-606) RMH Silistra 4 Silistsa (Durostorm | 120, 2 pes (498-512) | 2 pes (607-608) RMH Silistra 5 Aksakovo 68 | 2pes 498-512) | 1 pe (604-605) RMU-Varna 6 Ossenovo fi 1 pe 627-538) | 1 pe (602-610) RMHL-Varna 7 Odarisi 149 | 2 pes 498-512) | 1 pe 602-610) | ‘TopSarox 2002, 92-15 Balchil: 8 s (512-5 z ME-Balchik (Diowsapatiy 80 | Spes (512-318) | 1 pe (602-610) ME-Balebil 9 Adamelisi 40 2 pes (498-518) L pe (602-610) Gandila 2003-2008, 129 (Cropacum Traian’) 2 pes ) Pe (602-610) zandild 2005-2005, 10 “Paeguyor 14 | LpeGl85a7) | 1 pe (602-610) | Gindili 2003-2005, 142 Sandila 2 8 é Isaccea 133 Gandili 2003-2005, cs (498-! s (602-6 (Noviodsnan’) 8 pes (498-518) | 9 pes (602-610) 138-139 B. Coin hoards with latest coins minted in the period AID 610-616. T 2 2 23 1 pe (588-589) | 2 pes (613-614) Se Varna (Odessui) 12 |__Roman thermae472. Stoyan Mihaylov C. Complexes of single coins, with latest coins minted in the period AD 610-616. Cherkovitsa 13 ae 5 Ipc @12-518) | 1 pe 11-612) RMH-Pleven 14 | Svishtov (Nowe) | 240 | 21 pes (498-518) | 1 pc 611-612) | Auurrpos 2009, 256-359 Veliko Tarnovo 4 tee = | Dochev 2002-2003, 292- 1 (Zikilese) 255 | 9 pes (498-512) | 15 pes (10-615) | 597. Rvp, Tarnovo F e | >Kexowe 2005, 68-82; | cherni Vira 5 1 pe 612-613) Be a 16 Cherni Veah 13 | pe (498-512) pe 612-613) Sar ora : : é Aasapow 2001, 44-495 17 Provadia BLS pes (512-518) | 1 pe 12-613) | aatt veers MEL Prowl 18 | Varna (Odewns) | 258 | 9 pes (498-512) | 11 pes (610-614) RMH-Varna 19 Businograd 107) 4 pes 491-518) | 10 pes (10-614) RMIH-Varna” Topaasion 1982, 58-59; 20 | Kavarna Bizow) | 28 7 pes (491-518) | 1 pe 13-614) | Aasapeuno 2003, 162, ole note 20 | 21 | Kaliakea (ares) OL Spes 491-518) | 9 pes 610-616) | Tapymren 1991, 2 22 Mangalia (Callatis) | 21 tpe 618527) | 3pes 10-641) | Gindiki 2003-2005, 136 | 23. Constanga (Tomi) | 244 | 9 pes (498-518) | 6 pes (610-616) | Gandilx 2003-2005, 132-134 24 | Duniiteni (Satidann) | 1 pe (565-578) 1 pe 610-616) | Gandila 2003-2005, 141 = Muzait Cernavodti : , ¢ (491-' cs lf aa a -2 il 25 Aoi 26° 1 pe 491-518) 2 pes (610-616) | Gandiki 2003-2005, 130 §26 | Topalu (Capidens) | 168 | 1 pe 607-512) | 1 pe G12-613) | Gandil& 2006-2007, 113-118 | ¢ = , Pantelimonul de S ‘ ee 2 Cini) | 2 TPE GLE-S27) 1 pe GLO-GIG) | Gana 2009-2008, 140 | 28 | Istria (His) 355__| 14 pes (498-518) 2 pes 610-516) | Gandila 2003-2005, 135 29 114 | 3 pes (498-518) | Apes (610-616) | Gandili 2003-2005, 130 30 Bnisala (Constantiana)| 27 | 6 pes (518-527) 2 pes (610-641) | Gandil 2003-2005, 134-135 | 31 Slava Rusa (Ibidd) | 19 | 2 pes (498-518) | Ipc 10-616) | Gandia 2003-2005, 142 | P. 0: 32. | Murighiol (Habayri) | 116 | 1 pe (507-512) | 2 pes (613-614) aero 142-156 ES Nefiral | 1 pe 627-565) 1 pe 610-616) Gindila 2003-2005, 139 | 34 | Tulcea (Aegon) | 1 pe (498-518) L pe (610-616) Gandila 2003-2005, 142Life-span of the Settlements in the Provinces of Moesia Secunda and Scythia as Evidenced... 473 ‘Notes to the appendix L.Tam grateful to R. Gushterakliey for his assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Museum of History — Lovech. 2. Lam also grateful to I, Lazarenko for his assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Museum of History — Varna. 3, Apart from the published eight coins in RMH-Varna, two moze solidi are kept with information that they belonged to the coin hoard from the villege of Benkovski (Hadzhi Sinanlat). 4.1 am grateful to R. Yossifov for his assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coin the Regional Muscum of History ~ Gabrovo. 5, Lam grateful to M. Robor and C. Dochey for the information provided about the early Byzantine coins from the archaeological excavations at the site near Kilifarevo. 6. Lam grateful to N. Hristov for his assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Museum of History — Provadia. 7.’The publication offers a proposition that the nine coins fom Byala Reka 1947 (Tepacunion 1950, 320; Motrisson etal. 2006, No. 42) and the six ones from the region of Shumen 1949 (Tepacumion 1952, 400-401; Morrisson et al. 2006, No. 57) were fragments of the same coin hoatd. 8, Lam grateful to R. Encheva for her assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Museum of History — Balchik. 9. Lam grateful to D. Draganov for his assistance in my work with the carly Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Museum of History — Ruse, ‘Thtee of the coins from the complex were found after the paper came out of print in 1991. 10. Tam grateful to L. Doncheva (Veliko Tarnovo University of St. St. Cyril and Methodius) and N. Rusey for their assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, keptat the Museum of His tory — Popovo, and those from the investigations of the Kovachevsko Kale till 2009. 11. Lam grateful to V, Parushev for his assistance in my work with the carly Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Museum of History-Dobrich 12, Lam grateful to V. Penchev (the National Museum of History) and G. Atanassoy for their as~ sistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Muscum of History — Silistra. 13, Lam grateful to N. Boteva for her assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Museum of History — Sevlievo. 14, Lam grateful to G. Dzanev for his assistance in my work with the early the Regional Museum of History-Razgrad. . 15. am grateful to A. Konakliev, director of the excavations, for the provided opportunity to use the deta about the early Byzantine coins found during the archaeological excavations in 2006. ‘The coin of Emperor Heraclius from AD 613-614, kept at the Regional Museum of History — Varna, is known to have been found at the same site. 16. 18 coins from the complex have not been published and are kept at the Lower Danube Museum — Calirasi, I am grateful to M. Neagu and D, Blefterescu for assisting my work with the early Byzantine coins kept at this museum. 17. According to V. Patushey, a good deal of the coins fom Onogur represent a collective find, but this information was not recorded when the coins were accepted at the m 18. Lam grateful to P. Bunoy for his assistance in my work with the early Byzantine coins, kept at the Regional Museum of History — Pleven. 19. Lam grateful to E. Petkoy for the information provided about the early Byzantine coins, Ieept at the Museum of History — Tutrakan. 20. Lam grateful to V. Pletayoy, director of the excavations, for the opportunity to use the data about the carly Byzantine coins, found during the archaeological excavations till 2008. kept at ntine coins, kept at um.474 Stoyan Mihaylov Bibliography Beaxon 1959: B, Bearon, Ppaanr » Tpaxna m Aaxna ripeo wneniara annramoer IV — VI». Cocpua, 1959. Baaauampora-Asagzcona 1998: A. Baaanmepona-Asaaoona, Ome 3a rapraperire uncirrannay & Monernore obpsmterne npes VI 8. — Hynsirawarmva 1 ccpparactana, 1998, 1, 70-75, Tepacumos 1950: T. lepacumos. KoAckrupnn waxoaku Ha Moneru. — Msnecrna ua Apxeosornye- cxus mucrusyr, 17, 1950, 316-326. Tepacumos 1952: T. Pepacumon. Koaextiibia HaXOAKH Ha MOKETHE UPeS HOCAEAHANIE FOAM. ~ Visnceraa xa Apxconorsrecknia unerirryr, 18, 1952, 400-404 Asanen 2005: P. Asancn. Boenonoanmucest, uxonommrcents 1 conmantn cp6xraa 9 AGparyc i 1eropust pernon cHOpes AAMTTHTe OF KOAeKTuBIITe MoMeTIIN HaxoAKis. —B: Kywrypuurre rex crore Ha Mumaaoro, Hocurean, campoan, uaen. 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Ue e der deutsch-bulga Die Spitantiken ch-dsterreichischen ed with Introduction and haften Schriften Stoyan Mihaylov MA Regional History Museum — Veliko ‘Tarnovo 6, Nikola Pikolo Str. BG — 5000 Veliko Tarnovo