DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY c) Film grain and pixels are both organised in rows

and columns which form a grid.

1. Read the text and answer the questions. d) Pixels produce electrical current which
DIGITAL IMAGES corresponds to two streams.
e) Digital images must be stored on a memory card.
Film photography relies on chemical processes to
capture images. When the microfilm is exposed to 3. Match the English words with their equivalents.
light, an image forms and is recorded on the film which
Image sensor Przechowywać
then has to be developed. That's how cameras worked
until digital technology completely changed the way Capture Siatka
images are captured, stored and processed.
Expose Pamięć wewnętrzna
Instead of a microfilm, digital photography relies on an
image sensor which must be charged to work. The Grid Rozdzielczość
photodiodes of the sensor capture light coming in
through the lens and send out electrical signals to Charge Matryca światłoczuła
a microprocessor so that exposure can be set. The Store Naświetlać
photodiodes measure light intensity. They do not
measure colour because they cannot de- tect colour. Internal memory Rejestrować
The size of the image sensor determines how much
light is used to create an image. Resolution Naładować

Image resolution is determined by the size of the
sensor and the number of pixels it consists of. Pixels
record information about what is seen through the
lens. Unlike film grain, pixels are organised regularly in
rows and col- umns to form a grid. Image sensors have
megapixels. 1 megapixel equals 1 million pixels.
Megapixels determine the total number of pixels in
a photo that a digital camera can produce. When
a photographer releases the button to capture an
image, the micropro- cessors send an electrical current
produced by the pixels. The current produced by the
pixels corresponds to three streams: red, blue and
green.
The image file can then be stored in the internal
memory of the camera or on a digital memory card.
Such files can be viewed on the LCD screen of the
camera or uploaded to a computer. There are two main
types of sensors avail- able today: CCD and CMOS. The
chief difference between the two sensors is the way
they capture images.
• How is digital photography different from film
photography?
• How is a digital image recorded?
• What are pixels?
4. Complete the sentences with the missing words.
megapixels image sensors current
store resolution internal memory
a) Memory cards can ________________ much more
pictures than the ________________ of a digital
camera.
b) The number of ________________ is one of the
aspects relating to the quality of a photo a digital
camera can produce.
c) CMOS ________________ offer longer battery life
and are usually cheaper than CCDs.
d) In digital photography, light sensitive diodes create
an electrical ________________, which is the
processed into an image.
e) Simply put, ________________ is the quality of the
image. If it is higher, the image is sharper and more
detailed.
5. Work in pairs. Think about differences between
film and digital photography.
FILM PHOTOGRAPHY DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

2. Decide whether the following statements are

TRUE or FALSE.
a) Digital photography uses chemicals to capture
images.
b) The amount of light used to create an image
depends on the sensor’s size.
6. Read the text and decide whether the following 7. Read the text again and complete the sentences
statements are TRUE or FALSE. using the correct forms of the words listed below.

File formats bad small little large easy good little

Photo quality is determined by many factors. One of
them is the format that images are saved in. Most
digital cameras support one or a combination of the
following formats:
JPEG
When a JPEG is saved, it has already been processed (to
some extent) by the camera in terms of white balance,
contrast or saturation. Also, the file is compressed to
make it smaller. When individual files are small, more
photos can be stored on the memory card. However,
some image data is lost forever as a result of
compressing. Reducing file size results in poor image
quality. This format also offers less flexibility as far as
image brightness, colour saturation and white balance
are concerned. On the plus side, JPEG files can easily be
up- loaded online and shooting in JPEG mode is faster
than in other formats.
TIFF
TIFF format retains the most important image data. As
a result, TIFF files are much larger than JPEG files.
Another draw- back of the TIFF format is that TIFF files
need to be converted to JPEG format before they can
be shared online. However, they are the go-to format
for high-quality prints.
RAW
a) JPEG files are _______________ files.
b) RAW files are _______________ than JPEG files.
c) JPEG files have _______________ image quality
than TIFF or RAW files.
d) It’s _______________ to upload JPEG files than
other formats.
e) TIFF files are _______________ in terms of print
quality than JPEG files.
f) JPEG files have _______________ critical data
about the image than RAW files.
8. Find the words and phrases from the text to
match the definitions below.
A. _____________________ - to make a file use less
space when it is stored in the memory of a
computer or on a disk.
B. _____________________ - to change in form or
character
C. _____________________ - (of a computer) to
change information
D. _____________________ - the intensity of
colour in a picture
E. _____________________ - to copy or move files
to a computer or to the Internet
F. _____________________ - the colour balance on
a digital camera; the adjustment of colours to
make them look more natural.

RAW files store the image data that come directly from
the image sensor. The file is not processed - it is raw.
Some cameras do compress RAW files, but no data is
lost. This format offers a lot more flexibility as far as
image brightness, contrast, saturation and white
balance are concerned. When a RAW file is saved, it
contains metadata about the photograph. RAW files
are significantly larger than JPEG files.

1. Digital cameras always suport only one file format.

2. Some image data is lost when the photo is saved in
JPEG format.
3. JPEG files are the smallest files of the three.
4. RAW files are always compressed.
5. A JPEG file needs to be converted to TIFF format
before it can be shared online.
6. RAW files are bigger than TIFF files.