i Sarmiento Author of a Nation TULIO HALPERIN DONGHI IVAN TAKSIC GWEN KIRKPATRICK FRANCINE MASTELLO University of California Press7 Sarmiento the Writer ‘Tospek of Sarmiento the wer 0 spedkof the impose of beng ‘wer in ninetenth-cnnary Argent, Theft prblem: oe mae ‘ssl within ths impose the state of erature wth no eur ‘omy politic mvades everything, there sno spc, functions ar inter ‘ingle, one annot be only an author. The seeand concern: hat me Impowibilty has been the condition for writing an incomparable work, Strminto wat able to write some of he bet ets in Argentine erate crue 10 be a writer nas imposible. His retest works (parcalsely Fecundo) exes within thei fora this cera parade, The euphoria fle by Sarmiento regring the power of his writen ‘wor is prt of che sae condition, His lng melon eet tobe sn oumle of the arogant daly ofthe allel aria anand by Philp Rit i vaiows contemporary polticans. fs tve that the pola etumphs where the arts fas (he cs of Maco Verges Loa ‘ome to mind), we might sy that inmeentcentury Argentina, te ‘erate cam exist ely where plies fal Inded, pli edie and “xfer area the origin ofthe founding works of hia nation's erate Fecanda, Martin Fira, Una excarin alr indoe rangle, and he novels of Eugenio Cambeceres were all wrlten under the conan oa fered atoremy or tal nthe case of Semen is erary wring can bedted (1638-1852), sndieinorsblerosurivehistriomph, After the alof Roe, Sarmiento ‘a no langer write He une to oter Bd, the yw women of (tras compltas cannot alto show. (Thee pra scene ehh ‘Sarmiento martes this termination: “That ight went o Pleo and, taking pen and paper frm the desk of Rosey wrote four wards my frends in hile wth his dae, Palermo de San Beno, February 6.1852" a128 / Ricardo Pigla ‘A decsve moment,» symbobc gear: Hs writing has ech he par ten of power, and from this moment on thee wil be mor no roam, ‘separation, of le fo litera") ove Herndnde, half give, balf hidden in oom athe Hotel Ar enti fer he dle of Rico Les Jordi, wees Martie Fiero frder to kl “the ecm af hotel Lf.” Lucio V_ Mansi, relieved of ive duty while being tied forthe exsobon of deve, awa the Serle and daring this empty time wer Una exarin ls nos Tanaueles The detent and mot alate example ofthe costacion| ‘auch distancing tha of EageoCambcerer wha sn 1876 resins his feat in che House of Reprerentives and sberdone hpi frre 29 {Sto dedate hielo erature, (And the Argensin nove owes great ‘debt that resignation) ‘Dring the noeeeth century, Argentine writers sem 0 ive 2 dl reality. Tete na one interior othe pubes: chey ae mites, mbaadory,reperentaie, but they canot be writes. ("Tam well ‘elively wel but sal be happy only whe T begin writing novel” Eduardo Wilde sys to Miguel Cané) Argentine erature ofthe ine- teenth cntory might have Been the metaphor of Hell or «writer bike Inde, here «dose canempornsny bowen Faber’ walla leer to Louise Colt, writen in anaryof 1852, nr which be expenses it dsr erie wbonk aout nothing, nd Sarmins' psa one Eerct Grande Fnober's dsr synteres the ighes pat Inthe independence of erature: fo wate book about rothing = bosk that seches foresee sutnorny and preform. And is win hat rate leer from bert to hi lover thet we Bind contemporary Ier= Ure’s maf, A histor proce is condensed: Mave and Fubert tre theft writer to speak ofthe opposition between ar ard capi, “he unproductive characte of lente le antagpiai toward verges renoning, and Fauber’ arte conriene isan exteme cst of ths ‘pporiion. He crests bok aout nahin. «book that woul be got {Se nothing thet would be beyond the regi of boargoi wily” the ‘nasa atoneny inate at he mete the most arte moment ie rejecon of acer. Quite the conty, January of 1852 Sauer tearches within the efltivenas nd tty of he wnt word. I Ca Poti ene Ejtcito Grande he arcs with Jato ost de Urges (who eter Len, or recognizes hm, mor anewers much, and who Bally Sncinidaes han with i og, Pari) and falely tempts vo eannce ‘im ofthe importance and scl omer of the writen word. Cempate ST Strmieme the Weiter 129 raraes his cone end in tat repreene an expt bate (ecm ‘ign abou the function and wy af writing The aymmey beeen rie and Faber eh peeing she bowing reper ngewe tne sor oblnect tng coer ear hh eed Begenin Ieaare tence tengy Toe fnge and dee Porton of ths nee (enced om Eh lt hn ed Petipa ado, sd Esrpsin om te marine mde Ine mse on a al enery Ts ege on cwrery eters nd one. Te i eng ee a trea (887) sek nese permite eaten clk ice nd matron open eae The donut ‘sul edon in Apes op tte of get Borge Shrearad bythe ton Benen moan ap (Oe ‘iow Berges enero how oe the cin ef ach "om nd wp sh soo be lo sch is eo nd they reatng. Th continent fondo meal of Pee Menard") Soe nd he bse qn sg be, Where ihe pvt Or, eer yo How sane ben he rene And as {estos con ene nthe oso Siete inthe ago Agetne lc at somyeony i vide stow alm prolne hing do wh i staromy and nono intarreWhle Eropen iene fa chee av naetod sepmeres in ey pci nd een, n Arne eae thesis eit only inthe onset ers nn ol 6 ‘bicha natal itr. We mighty a Arent ‘Seedaa Sey ofthe pc of bree nthe one Red Aen Ire eon gee gle ad eins fancon non hero oie inte inet cen. te pet ernest pg of eae os {Ther encore ntonhp eer eserye theasono era adte Sony ofthe cntten f ae} gre crue weltnsng fo ted osc poll poe itm acter power tans he igs) ee that be pce cen wn dene’ On he te ado be sete cee ane! erat wea sonny ‘dete in eon frig mre, Aenea aoe crus bref ster nsw te Spnsh aon and330 /— Ride ga cary ut in lerare the same reaaton undertaken pis and omic. However hs emancipated eatre i contre in liane tit one foreign erature rend aetonamous): Pench ear ken 1 wold erature ‘Tis a celtonship—nth po pracices and foreign Iteature—~ represents «unique meod of stonamizaon of beraare ad is one ‘on, The definon of wha it mera t be an autor developed in thi ouble bond. "One mast kesp one eye onthe French iveligesi and theater fed onthe enrlofthe non”: Etban Echeverria motte "ymheszes this dal proces. Strablmie vison represents the tm ‘onal ain: Argentine literature ircontted within double vison, 2 relaonaipofifeence and allance wih over practices and other language and ther raison One eye ion the Aleph, the wry ic ‘ese the ther eye ses the shadow of barbara, the fat of South “Amen, The stablsmas synchronic: oe ye ses he pst, the other iron the fore “The history of Argentine Inertre it mathe by sepration, double temporality, two autonomies, by sabi. woul nw ike to analy hi ptere in the igure of Sarmiento the writer Toraceran indecevenas of plc determines sn uncer spect Within Ks work the dgcd te of fon. Sermiento Rims Re Serdos de prosinca, 9 defines his enrance into the word of wring Sith“ pike’ the fant son fhe imation helped me forthe fs ume 1 mas the ngnton af my hear.” The question of curs, i, On which abeeqaene esos ws ths al true? The se of can nminetenth-cnrary Argentina the tension be ween plc andInevatore becomes coded and one coal sey tat che Ait of stonomy in ie erates made manifest the fer of resisance to ftom, Duin the bith of Argentine Meare, fon it agonist oward the poi use of langue, For the elletiveres of trorde bound orth nal forme: responsi neces, eros Tes the moaliy of dete, she weight fray, Fon becomes aso Sed with iene, praaonnen,«wuanrng of theses dt whch ‘anno! be shown, "I would hve been sl or me seys Mates Sse Alvngthelnnugurton ofthe Salim Lear," have gutberedtegeher est number of tore hocks which see youth Thar maltde of “sles navel lig p dy nthe Crapean preses. Books ht should be viewed ar rly babar oason inthe mit of ton. Ver Aiken that sees fom the light of progres an immense aber of i Sarmiento the Water) 131 ral nee and pervs thousand pare hear.” Serie sess ‘lreers, and in Viis he refers tothe “mob af novels "who pose thee agaed spirits which rakes ch ocery ot of Pest hey Ten with gaping mouths thon lle of ls who enteral cldren, Dumas, Bala, Sv.” “Te kenet example of hit reading ofthe period an be fund in the fave of Hl matedero by Exehan Echeveris. Argemine err’ Et fel tex emaid unpublabed fr mae than hy yer. Ie should slo be sed ha then fale eo be pulihed precy bese was Fajen and fiction had no place save ata prone, see weting. Within ihe ge of El mater, writen in 1636 and low among Echevern's paper etl its plein in 171, one nde hidden x metaphor ofthe ‘Stplacement of fson i Argentine terete "Ta atempt ro crete «history of thi place of Fon ist ace the inter of Argentine en's dove senor: onthe ae hand re Tan So poi dcouree, onthe eer, relation foreign frm nd saves of an already atanomous Bon (i pares, the novel Si Inno’ wring ie ined within hie deal bond 1 Ie shouldbe sid that the history of Argentine Scion begin wie. Or perhaps iti ee sty tha the history of Argentine ton begins with Theme tcl scee of ero ene Iniallyon thes pg of Facando which isa the Bt pge of Argetine literature, ond at the sme ne ou in place fashion) in Zl made by Edheversia. Real the anecdote hat open Facendo. Sarmiento costes decve moment inhi ie Toward he nf 1840, ek ry ative ad bashed ease ot ‘hae, ciple ul fbi, brand ws eed he dy bore inane ol thre dy becca aagd by we ype nd pol tages Upon eseing bythe bth of Znds under the aes cot ‘arma och on bpp dys had pane in aan, Tae wth (oa tee wort: Ow ete pt! nde. The oleh reced vd of the ded et» ommision gred to deper the Her rpc, which were sad went tl outbuys, nd thre, Once the elton seat "Wall what doe thar men? A sory both comic ard pate this i the eof a persecuted man eho fle noel and wre in ancher langage. He aks bay, ‘rated by the vlence of bubarom, but abo lenis bis mark hein feibes «hieroglyphic in which culture coed, thus cening miro152 Rando Pile sec outet 0 he reg that he ender to ne By {eapherng th ite Focindo Qe Te eponton beeen fave nd ans ln ia ee where ely mes Senos ree «cr dans Heenan he tacer rom which he eames t nf by rong cre We ts ot fogs Be mos goon sete fom Det Shh sree mig and wor 0 Frou th opening Tine equa rete ae aca ad aya erin “hich aign of Arenin ares pt etme of Borge. Wate is tect we ed ondaned ¢anon tat Agente I curl eer wh ein vos tapout hor he aio ison bree he un eer an the wor fhe te Tiatder eee the arse one e sion Intehereris's sary the clive man eed ne we of he tthe ne woking ssid of she ghee ad the teehee antigen gh fern eps withthe es ey ne enemy teary he Woe thr Sars taapes pen he oc he le The Bre tape yh tre td ere nd ord, Peds cl ewe bgcing wie mata an Scotty of vides, aad exe ard tthe arts been Suttod teupea Agni sng sap von “Rowe fr emt teva ben ef Stind od he por ff the wen word ined in tne ao of ote guage ued tere ference ("Wha dosh en each {hem Ehevea the wl op ont andthe son's ase ‘Cs ppd he by henna. The te repos theconfi anal ane eng» Secon Been he a sexs nue ls oe ray + ron we i othe ened taint io fopterlngnget erie en eel And peal ‘Ra he hing veo Emad sn the ay of spp tenia eyed Ehever'sproumpon sc se Saye The sh soh dupe von ye «ve jeg eerposed by heen between efned anand ont liane The non’ etre hv need eprin and he moe Mal tpn of Ennai the ol egie shere ppl ngage {ope frie fc ine a gene ere pr or ee —__——-r 0O0_0_0__—_—_—_ Sarmiento the Weer) 133, chess) On the very Bet pages of Facade and El mater, we discover { cononmtion of tarslasen—he foreign tongue the Lecay tongue (acing ono moreor ee savage erin), bilngslinn ith the sigs of vilece and vie the popular phrasing, he prime ones ‘of henna wrgue. Moreve, th tes ofthe dal egitim ‘in worl adfererta thse produced by Robe At, Grae, espe Marechal jab Cota, Cambuceres and Arrro Cancel anit when ‘the facut s weed thatthe pretest ets of Argentine eatre ae produce “Thus we Bd wo versions of the vgn of Argetine fon: one, the smphant and pro; the other, the bllucaive and paranoid re Creavon ofan oftolé confrontation, Furthermore, could be sal that rare pray wre the tw reat modes of representation of the lar des in Argentine Iterator, Between hoe inal tet, however, hee eit a key difference hat 1am priely inert in deienting for hie diference which syhenae the rope ofthe presen ety. While the beginning of Fax fund st forth as true ery a hae an asabagraphical form, El Imatadero ta fon and bene I 4 Bsn it an enter int the Wosdof the barbara and give them place and ake ther sea. In 1 Ares tons developed in on sept vo represent the world ofthe (other weber heb led baron, yuck idm or migrant. Tit is eure, daring the entire nineteenth centry, in rds to speak one sel eel aout ons group or nes da, ugh sed, Lead ten acount for themes in the form of tae tae, they acount oe cers wth tion, “iterate doe ot exclude the barbarian, finale hi, which ie to ay that anstracs him reel ae heather subjectively agins| im. The enemy isan object that hat the pve of Being represented, (One must enter the enemy's war nage is inror dimensions i nse sees, sways of being. The other mst be made Known in order {erhim o become cvlized. The strategy of Bon imps thee present the hidden terest ofthe ene. "Te barbarian isa synecdoche for tha hihi el in hi physical teas one canted, 8 with amp, the dimensions and charac of thereat har determine bi, Phvecloy is xtogeaphy. Te teri ‘ot jst a subj or objec br rather the expresin of an aleve word. Bararsm is « metaphor fr the sata conepion of» cule they ae on the oer side af he border: nade opto kaw them, it Isrecsary to enter (ik the unarin) nt thee word to move within14 Reda ihe ones mind to that enigmatic eritory which pins Beyond the cones ‘ izason. “The invention of he spray isthe nace of Facindo, The o> psion brweenclzaon and barbarian? desrbes this dal onic lal unvese play, athe sume tie, hough canoes it The employ ofthe book derives fam the erp t ep the wo els uted. One ould comment tht Sermient invents 2 frm soa nt 1 Frcture hs connection. The pare difleence is what the et wie rot simply » question af theme, the wring reproduces the spi reaty [and consrcs the unity). The form of clation and the frm of beri ae repented in ferent ways. The system of quotations, cl feral references, teslatons, ppp and mss of foreign red that Sppert cviaion’s word sand in appsion tthe oa roo, the te Comonies and les the tase of Uned experience tht dapliare ad give ‘oe tothe Brbren world ("hve heard during an India eer ion. ""Aniltrnte man bas provided me with nay of the dee 10 ‘ehh Thave been slereing mje Reve eur he ese deals.” "re aban the comand rrrton fom awe 0 the de") “here are ro forms a trth ow raters of pool that rprodce the struure ofthe book and duplte the top. The trson berween the triton word und ely, Beween clare and experince, between read= Ing adhering generates» bse ilereee. Cian snd barbarism Se ein dns ways, andthe man who writes Find as nee 19 ‘oth versions and is able to tant them This dole movement represented in the very fit page ofthe book: the writer stands onthe Tender, Berween two tongues, between European quottion ad he marks tn is boy and this the par of enancton Facundo eases an imaginary eelationshipberween sw jenapsed dango wore, The book's problems wih leary farm az con~ Covsated within the ils and, (Noone possess « more perseal verse Gr the eanuncion than Sereno. Hit wring nies herropeney Plysyndeton the mark of his tye) Pots tends o make hit and be read as or Fon etblhes ive within ths conjunction, The bok is tren om the border to state oneself at the iit is 0 be able ep- ese one wl rom the vantage pot of another, tbe ale to narte ‘he pomge ad the cssing For thi reson, Sarmiento it interested inthe wy James Fenimore a Sarmiento the Weer 135 Cooper was abe to Rona the intersection betwen to rele. "The ‘only North American romance writer bo hat bre able to auie Ex rope clbrity ts Cooper, bee he ba taken the thester fr his ‘crpons tothe Border between the barbarian andthe iid ways of we” Tn ely, Sarmiento ebtes 9 Cooper the ves that belong te the gene In Theory ofthe Novel, Georg Lake defined the novel the form imped upon an aleated worl Beyond normalized exten and ‘wal experience the harzan of anther enigmatic renty apps (s tultaneously demonic ané poet) which seems vo be pas lg tod on. The nove form an be continted (es Dom Queers) when its pumibeto conceive ofa more inte ern in another wor June gust every Me. The alga fo an experince tt would frenced immedaer rtrnalormet into an ipinary contraction of tmalersive eal with ts wn truth andi own ls: the vel ‘ats the rtionship Between the two worl, ned the hero i the one tthe goes fom one ae tothe her. The epson been anton and svagery ithe elo mame forthe noweliic son. The dal reality that const the gence’ form appeas inverted and polite in Sarmiento. Tit rwhy Rel OF i eight when he Inte tat Sarmiento centrced the épposion eoeen ilanton and barbarian wrth Coopers rowel in en. The struggle erento oppose Fores hat deine he rey forme con ‘nein histor cought during this pero, and i apens in Sarmiento from the very beginning However, Faundo i writen ie (and ir sniue book becnse Sarmiento discovers within the geve «method 0 represent th experience af = divided word Ar Ushi has pine xt, the gene talons the single dacursive dimension ofthe metaphysic rer and shows that the deal rely am sie be grasped a gre and ‘necore. What Sarmiento reeds ito che gone ih furtive and not nly discursive reprsematon of mening to pride the experince of Sigsfetion:t oreo inrerpettion in an image before Bsus a ler. The novelist expesene af ths ddd realty ithe bere ofthe erry form in Feed We do ot read Facundo os novel (which is nex) but ther a poll ue ofthe grr, (Fund la prote-ove novel machine ‘uscem af he frre novel In shi sente i etblshes wei.) oe ‘gument wih the gene ands ipl nthe book: Fund i writen oro the consoldvon of the novel in Argentina and pir tthe om136 Redo Piha sutution of tte The Book ested ip celaon to these wo frre forms, Both discusses the condor ha the government hos poe es chap. 15) and the ponies of « New Word nove in the fare iGhap. 21, On she one hand, Facdo isthe kernel ofthe tte in fens used by Claude Lev Stour i dscusing team a the herve Ai he mates om the othe, tthe Keel ofthe Argentine novel Pose fevsingtmething ofthe propbetc an the top it produces « mirage {Hlec:withn the vacuo he deze, whatever one hopes te shines hie. The bot isconstraced beeen the nove andthe state anti {paing and announcing the bh, sands between these two a950 Mate orn, Fsundo nether aoe Mrmo’s Ama or Juan Bast ‘Nerds Bossi composed of thestme but arsformed materi, ke fvotbeed or double form “The ey to thi forn the ovencon af gent) resides in the fc cat ‘he novel represent dee no gun aston by Well ut, ne Sea, conlled bythe plc word. This s where the eflecvenes of the ext and of i erate fein sdfine: he fiona dimension {ss av insrumen of truth, Therefore, the boo eens pte ‘Rong sew norms of ere that move sroughout the sn. Facunde prope» tye of truth diferent om wha i pracies. The lsessionconceraing the dtrons eto, exaggerations ané novel: {avon f ven deineted by Sern oneness rely Dod {oths issue. From the dell revisions made by Valenin Asin up to the opinions of alberd, Guess Echeveria all rio ted 22 tape that the Bok fas o obey the norm of rath that posts tthe tame ime, everyone rcognis that thi incangrlty the bss of is erry eleivenes (Only when the Book becomes canonized trough {ts kdelopa umph dvs thi eta fd its reslaion) Tacund constructed within the tension betwen he sare a the fguaive haracer of mening: cording fo where the exepbnss pled ome eade on thing or anther On one lew he took it nether {ree nor fale, it simpy propos am expecence of reality, and this founded on tle. tthe mete, however rth il is posed a the mot ffl eanetraion ofthe stupa betmeen ciation ad Tnbarsm ever to ave been achieve, The problem of rorms of iter tavon resides within the screen Sarmiento erevs the re {Tm of realing which sands as rl inte Book. {About the] Bs tnd o ich you cfr wih och meet am Argentine end of mine i ha the any eros commis ae the cause fis popstar.” be Seis in eer o Miu Las Amuchastepu (December 26,1853) a= Ing! "Amang os there exits dvoree beeen the reader andthe book.” Sermieno the Weiter) 137 ‘eee ksi rm aio a ae coe fy ration iw tog relocate lone he ns td tego rod neared ‘Serer erg ry om an i ga and al tein oferta “fn pp ed rr on ie Fe eri wring snub teint inden ang he ta iy oe ‘and cod hen anne nance, We ence thine Int ben dco of epeon neg Tyan ety pnt et Te tae de tt ‘Seg te trenton tet poe nrc ome Ftp iver ses nd id ep arp a [ifeclimatl"rshes soph th wel nde terials the pans of en nacre pram Pen a ahr nyo wg ers tin on ined fon now Wt nda fh bea wich Ate maton imap (heen the rc yet sem an ean pee) Cn bode wth polling, ton om sae be sgt hr the pal word ens tel seo Fam Senin an, a rt rhe Alster (oes ty ew ea tes my Temi din: gst etn yet ana Tower th pt where the dicate th enced a scl by th egies the drone Ra se ‘ct il pr oom Dit in tle ow tReet Copies ne ues), eps ea aa a 110? cn ot hbepinng of Pred mene dns tn en (Men eit oe a ores Fan poner Aer eta be Fh fons upsets fom Sete Ban er en id nai mop eal she rae ht Semen ing smu nd oar tein he nie eke ey Teyacmcd Twa pom hanced yma Sit ofa onda on er, oan, pita, ‘Ei spy. eprops sn ry ae ec evo frm at or ae TS to tegretol Samee ters sb Sin oer of men no expen epee by an ae18 / Riade Pile image this wy, he eastracs a sapinay cena fr wing the tro, What {nen by this tha Sarmiento ble vo cesta drama Seene that condenses the abstract lines ofan ipo. I oes nt nates whether this conaucton i re o ale, since fon i tthe Tie tine tre nd fale snc ton see 0 produce an experene of ro 2 serie the onder ogee ot nd Si ts he eon fing wlth nto il ean These nl ror of ee racy apenas he’ enone ota | Se einer eons xs thes EIN etn oa sory he nsoe Ce Conroe! fat is ag an al Kt Pdi ny tet, ae See's nopston rd oe ged es ea ian suns fiom pte ered Sonal denied atchopapy ded he rata ee aera eto tet en) Sema Sone ose es cuca uy eh rt het pen eee, ts egincy, nti of ming ee. Te gee we sce Sacean an poets hee ee ss Talc coop beeen te fnguenty eo gee and ele Sita Gey oo) The nc oak sd coca he Bil of gue ha clan te vem of wing aang she teen Yee eet sen te te eal om) it oie ed Soettn els ime. he ue cn ha es ie ftom pomtsig td terse eens lent an’ wie ml rm at Ri the meer fared ten Sans cos hms ee om ore fine se Alpe (E2ode oo. Aage 19) Tieweieg pres ets thctepinget hs nny web hl anc nd ihc onload epee rye Assent se snl tied erm Sic Sa eee oe mers iden, he sys of he ‘Septhrea ter dle sn pe STepboth hn Taig hese oon TEE pl ed he gran peri in sheghow fd aber The eee ones ee Sarmiento he Water 139 sive aon: Spanish hese is “ihe damned psi, the parse von” The invention of genre const in castracting an imaginary form ine and personaly elted to tosh Niory and pai, Phe wing feproduce the movement of thi dilgoe wth an inerlocitoe who a Toth the ober and vecver ofthe dscourse The complex pronominal ‘mechani typi of Sarmient's wring fe he expan of th bse Srwion the wring represen an orl scene of plemics and isl testing forms of interrogation, sermon, pola ratory sander, ef eens, and deni of charges The inertogations, inerecton, neg tions, soypostion, tnd imple queons al wert onthe ioginry constracon ofthe enemy (ond Iii) a as forthe situation of froncaton. The ther man ithe you of he dicots, Dut be ao the thie. When you is omvered ito he, and he forme is group and all ‘nes (he), we ar anspor inte the aren of ities prenin, UUnderging a metamorphosis, th pee changes pat, td icon tent becomes lied. In Mi defer tthe natn that “ink blow ty fet evaporates it tors new habe spe.” In Fade, "the tere shadows the ghoet of» dead man wh conti all he engines ‘ol barbs, In Campa ene Bjrto Grade the place of he moter rd the nigra i ocped by Genel Urge (a hi dag, Campa ‘Serly ae of Sormien's retest books bere thi dremat fornof dex confomation with the eter egmaiefgure—nho i all it ‘monologues doe no hes and whore dep reoning ane mast imagine ction at 2 mld for epesening» concrete historia station. (Ur sun ated 10 this Fsrtion with eran one indllerenc, bat SSdoubtdly gare the excess ofSamions'soveracting tnd prance burden “owe to Urgia the coining af anya» abel,” Sarmiento testo Mary Mann it 1868) In Campsie the Egurtive chara of ‘meaning dominates the purey dicrsive sgnifeation one ean, ‘The secret de behind ths perosl and imaginary egal wth the figure ofthe guintesental ober of core, oan Manoel de Roa. The Image of he pete ands metamarphore Series way f epee senting his impossible dialogue wth Rota. Sarmiento i great writer brenuse this logue wah Ross, nie texte, i alvaysdtlced and eoraloed at wea indirect nd mented. The water of Facunde never artes» book about Roa, yer he does nahing but write abut hi Stele’ reat tera (and poll) decom yin choosing Quiroga asthe sabje of bok cbt Row). Thi duplacemes allows the wate teal iberey Because he constr dipaed figure between Sarmiento 8d Rona. Just as Ross polices langue and weet cnet monstrous gure which inraleMo /— Read Fie rah sybaionfr the Federains,which condenses the Hines finer tation, on the other sd of he atllnes we fd Sarmiento, consoing { seatapo fo we Qutop's ghar for his own eatin of synbolm Alsigned wo condense hin seer of iager and mouoes the other Sense af history, "A noaycntoverny har euped between Ros, hero the deers ard Salento, member ofthe Univers of Chile Tis « ae of ean bythe lok of things” wer Sarmiento (s ways sing inate dicorse aa atie mak of foraiton). Saint's wit ing contracts te ilsion of srgae between egal (sm equa hat Unyuinrfes to recogni th Surmient teratare las as lng a the isin of ths dalogue lasts dlgue thts nothing snore than ehe onl representation of {pli corfrontton, Or perhaps beer to say that erature has Ti ple along at Sarmiento can re-ene Argentine history a 3 pes= Sonal stggles What ane haul actly sy tht Argetine istry is Rupa hose pred gee Srment's wring. There us Ont ‘Scoumerpostned “other” tight agains 20 tha the onrortatien can Tighten the megulamann and satncmy of the agent tho jaslying all ‘he excesses and tergiverstion and ues of langage: Ess why the fo Tica sagale age the enemy tradton overlaps wth Sarmieo the Tor the confontation and daloge tbe possible, ts necessary not cyto ind he “ther” pees In wring nthe fort ofa el edes~ Sry but alo fo centr the nth ate pesoniiation of cian fd iat. He who marches in Campa en el ret Gren i perfect ‘rape ofthis work of he geation, Sarmiento peers himsl inthe fon of elem and allegry This complex constrcion of ube ble tmengate in perioral dopa with Argentine hiory rns throophout Swrmieno's works, "Everything inte word cn be psn,” ewer in Recuerdos de rosin. (Rost ite peronifton of Durbar”) ‘The pevoniston of himself ay an example of lzason i the other ret momen in Sarmient’s wring gether wi the constuction of the spect “Fhe water must basoe dul persnage, speak of himslfin the hid pert indace hil, Saint i he dc means of aged ‘ene toallegorine himself: he eatees story with neni (and dine) protgons and nally cover, "hae was 10” At tes he Semaies himself Sarmiento is prevent at «rene where everyones speaking of hin, bur noone knows humo, even beer where every ‘paiang him, but noone resizes tht the Young man standing ro one Sid ofthe rom ie the selisme Sarmiento, Tn Sarmiento, the wnespected Kguravon of is identity is 2 frm of f Sarmiento the Water 141 erry construction. Jt as important isthe figuration ofthe enemy tron embodied nthe “other” ar pee. Here we preive the it of his novel writing ai seri Stn, we Sd den tions and ‘xnogapic with ply of ae ens of changed names fp pearance that rereen he baie mages of representation af he y's truck. In Semlento, however, the heros the ane whe writes lik thse {pen protagniste of the gene the oly ne wha can ats fom one trv to another, the ely ave who relly knows the lee tt aw estage int this epic ely, “The sory ofthe exile and the gonention are placed a the ean of Facund that the her can make bis appearance. In this order seme tsps deine: dring the etre Book we wil see Rie mave and march enter and ext the tory, purse the Sgore ofthe monster ha losin the deve, erage decipher the meaning of he enigma, Meg tlomanisa paranon, ernptet is agen wl pe hohe prophet, tnd peograper as hone and waver, a hstoran nd pot; he wal el _Breything abou hme! and speak for everyone (orf he were every Sesh wl sy hate kore al he secrets and all he tore, hat he as read all the books and sae ll the languages: in eal, the oly thing the hero doe s wee. He des nating ee he writes as noone ‘lea etme, Farundo a once the tary ofthe spectre that contains ‘he ative lands enigma and the Biry of he sir a well. eis wort nating thatthe man who write the quotation tthe pening cf Faando has been weting for some ine and is working make hi fella nme os wre, His beginnings are marked by anonymity and favented names: at Bit Sarmiento als himaelf “ico” (he wn owen), nde wie to Alber under the eradonym of Gace Romain ‘order to send him some poems. Weare now in 1838: “Alhough have not had the honor of meeting yo, the blance of your leary same neouragesthe shyness af young man who wishes toi his own ‘amen onder to subject the enclosed componton to your indulgent and {stooge Thi is ow the Nitry of hit reaionaip with literature begins, and the end i oud in Lay cent y une. Non 1852, Series hase» nave For Rirmel and liberates with Alera sequal, And the pc road he he rom big nobody 0 becoming ‘tri one ofthe grat bdongromans of Argentine iterate wat {enter he aay in Recuerdas de previa, "How many mistaken vo {on di Tempe before nding the one that had schema, ‘ight ay wth my eens?" ror to everything se, Alber and Stren debue the atonomyTD SE a) Reade Mla tnd function of learned nen, This isthe are where Alber mas his ‘bections. Moreover the cent pint his eri of Sano’ ose Gllanguage, he acuee Semen of taking fon ("He invent parent Ress") an of pacing polit a he penal service of sw {nein one see, Alerd eight Sarmiento conceals is personal ex Floaton of he Argentine tongue beet he form of pala use of lnngosge. "This wring rings hi ito power. Sarmiento reminds one ofthe seril waters ofthe nineteenth century who, as Walter Benin sd, ad made pli caeer oot of thay vo miate the eallecive Imaginary. Br Sarmiento gos further shan the et the bes Argentine rrr ofthe nineteenth enury bees Preent af the Repub. And then something eaadinary ose: Manel Gives tls the story of Sarmiento writing «speech for hi inauguration that reed by is inion, armies inagoral perch swe by Nels Avene, "We might sy ths is bere, in an emblematic figure, tat all he tensions beeen pli and veatre ronsingthrovghoot Somers erature are reafved From th pont or Sarmeno wl hve ro adap himself othe neces of praca pli Furthermore, he wll se ave 0 adapt his ue flange. ‘Wecan envision si speach athe great ext of Strmiento the wrt ‘he lar ten i farewell to lngange. At tier hin tat we Argentine twtr ao write ina temp yo sae and recontrac that To et Notes 2 Sarin’ erry wring ie eioied,Bcoul be sald dha ie confined to priate cesiton. Corepondence the ple where he hiory srminserstue fos 1S2 on shouldbe onstrate. Thelewerot {pert frm of lating witha cen an absent neatorama form nhs wring nd Sarmienss maser we of ts frm en be abe served in Compata en el jr Grende rd ip Vie. concerning your tak, thawed po werd Ande Bela wre 0 Fens Senne evn de Mt leer aed November 5, 1. "Only the De sold have given you the eat end 750 copie of yout work Iwhicherer 0 Beenor Aes wich of a the counts the Ares ‘iowte dor he met ignorant nd whes thet sad (And Bele Eptolao [Cara (a Casa de Blo, 1984), 1116 Thi coal pow 1 db ee cotry to what one gt thik led to he sled ‘Sdn of Eropeainm in Argentine ereare "oder eo cone sh ral ines heigl inert thud nth epontn, se alo Papen Dong, Recon y guerre (hts Siglo 2081 1873), Hana he pros of rare nthe Sarmiento the Weiter 18, powers, of he elanships meng the mass, dine td he army, hot the ons berworn Rea edhe My Reolcon epee an ocortnarydevogmers ef ceil content of Facand. I hi ese, Resse» guevateSr hock writen on Faun: ene of hee eet Invthch be semneny (gh dr) hot x danse each the bighs sa dane ‘STs poe, formed by hn 1920, imp and ha een tought acusics ad enlarged in ey the sbeguen toe on te, So Wrenn, The Sayles inating (NewYork: chen Bock, 178), Clade Lest, on mythand novel in Myth Tepgnen i Org or martes de ble: ln 1578, and Rent (Ghar, Mersonge ratigue eset ramenegne (a Gre 196) Fore hei ofthe slinship among the platens the nul ees andthe Binings othe novel see lan Wat The Rie of ‘he Noel (Landon: Cheb Wns, 1957) cap 1 ‘See Rall Orga, “Sarmienny elmo ti,” In Scie argentina (Crdoba: Asan 195), TE See "Note de Valentin Alan al oro Cina y barber” Domingo F.Semien, Fords ed. Albers Plc (La Pat: Unveriad 4-4; aed Jan Botta Abe, "ae (gs, 1a; "Wha ad rgedingFeandoe l Mere do ot ree Feo btre having sed oe book am coeiced tat tl have a eg tie ete on the Agente repel, dha very senile man wl ts eareaot. thi book ie the preys ade of oe socey by hoe tele who repr ange ings the lngherous, the mua Fond thelil it he opin the mouth ofall woman ec. ec: Arena Isnt pol of Hod” Arse te aly 1850), bo st eter Abed dbvertic lero teers snd enggerns commited by Semen the war agi Rows ("Sutin wanders bo He ey") 7See Pal Versevoye,Dominge Fine Sarmiento. éluceee ps ice eae: Inna es ne Ede de Antigo tie 196) ‘The lene are cal only on. The ae cold be sythesized sn the ens "There book Ie thane” On the one hand, the ‘aural question —What kindof bon theism snowed (oe argh, hit) On the athe and i presepoed tht ha silat ‘ert ein ('ewash mare than bts cine tent bya valine Tend The key, feu he reitoeship betwen thee ses ‘he inaranon we find he ly betwee he prolate of dal stney ‘nd the pc ol Sermo wrt A at 176 (Obras completa 122) Ina pee abt he rn, Sami sae tat nthe mis the Senge the Rit eo, "oe cou es ram beyond the Aes We ind rom Chleshee sesh he iah Bet «ror,» book,1441 Rado Pile cal whee you he, which apearedin he Chilean pes.” The heck’ eerie mcr ithe det ras ft ef weer, ecko ‘Stenemy andthe wrens of pal epee the rmaaneso that Spicer ane emai roland on 2. The prema reeing mer, fe, sc, and tempo an ‘houghow the ene history of Seen festeshp wih eng ether praia cpt ion of Rou of sang fren nd ‘reputation forthe cation. The a I ave wen mens of eg ea Ina cording my enderancing of hing hewn Campa en 11 Erte Gronde. Ths enc of ling pra ane eae te ain ‘wala bfare he regiment of rat pelos ow the cent le ‘oun in Sarmens he we. 8 On the Threshold of Facundo Tame CONCHA Jn Memoriam Not Salomon Born inthe fot af the Andel ee noteworthy ever of Imp ehae bop uing tack wd forth om ne le oe other Srmienn, Compa eel Eto Grande ‘Av the end of March 1968, 1 fad the opporunity to evel to Buenos ‘ives ser fifteen-year hare, What ye mas no joe crit, bot {renly pathetic. The ecnomi rahe oat merce, aed the 2 scion tower, in genera confused and enzadcory. The clive ee of the ation mare sen a superego wae ply cramblng ony, ‘dive sharing the ent ofthat one-Souihingargetindad Inflation fished of eveyiing the dicts andthe Finds Mal ins war had rare The rst, wove dcine im gut of information seer evdent es coveringthecurent candste onthe eve ofa leon ‘rid tha enlivened, somewhat, the population’ med. The outsanding Fguresof the ay, whose public persona ely vel nies with shade sr of melancholy and concen, were the governor of La Rij, alvays trling the goverrer ofthe provneofBoens Aires, aig ond wer ‘id: and, a pone candidate of scceaion (who did become acd tare tron the govern of Céxdbe, ore word tan sling, with the acitonal melancholy of the game accustomed 10 the onerous act ff ruling, The polaraation between Peroni and Radel beare “overdeermined,” as an Ahsan woul ay, by the weight of te provinces andthe iterregiona seg ‘One nee and ity years afer he wen of Facand, istry seemed tobe repeng elf hough with he neva differences observed one ep in famous pasage. Wer this Indication ofthe relevance of Sat ‘ent’ evay? Or perhape poof the anachroniar ofa veublc ht {ts suthor, later president ofthe auton, had consibted fo eente and lorpnze? The answers ae ot meray sheer nor incompable, Bet