CHARTS & DIAGRAMS

1.-INTRODUCTION 
The graph/chart/table/diagram:

● gives information about/on

● provides information about/on
● shows
● illustrates
● represents
● depicts
● gives reason why (only if graph provides reasons for smth)
● explains why (only if graph provides explanation for smth)
● compares (only if several items are compared)
● OUTLINES
● EXAMINES
● EVALUATES

Ex.:
the diagram explains/shows___________
            (paraphrase the rubric)
The diagram explains the way in which steel rods are produced for the
furniture industry.

You could also write the introduction in another way:

The diagram shows the process of metal rods production for the
furniture industry.
-AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THIS CHART...
.-AS SHOWN IN THIS CHART……………………..

2.-BODY

TIME CONNECTORS

To begin
Following this
Next
Then
After
 After that
Before**
Subsequently
Finally

.-To begin with_____________ then___________________

.-Following this_____________ next ___________________
.-In the subsequent stage_____________then _________ folllowed
by_____________ . Finally 

VOCABULARY

VERBS
The passive
Is/are used
Is/are placed
Is/are transformed into
Is/are packed
Is/are delivered

Is /are Loaded into, collected from, transported to, harvested ….

Movement (Verbs): Up
● Rose
● Went up
● Increased
● Grew
● Shot up
● Surged
● Rocketed
● RISE
● ROAR
● GROW

Movement (Verbs): Down

● Fall
● Declined
● Dropped
● Decreased
● Sank
● Went down
● Plunged
● Plummeted

Prepositions
● Between 1995 and 2000
● From 1995 to 2000
● Sales rose from 200 to 250
● Sales fell to 150 in March
● Sales fell by 50%

Adverbs and intensifiers

● slightly
● a little
● a lot
● sharply
● suddenly
● steeply
● gradually
● gently
● steadily
● SIGNIFICANTLY
● PROGRESSIVELY
● RAPIDLY
● RELATIVELY
● COMPARATIVELY
● MARGINALLY
● VASTLY

No Movement: (Verbs with Adjectives, Verbs)

● remained steady
● were unchanged
● did not change
● remained constant
● remained stable
● stabilized
● stay constant
● LEVEL OFF

Tops and Bottoms

● reached a peak
● peaked
● reached their highest level
● fell to a low
● sank to a trough
● reached a bottom
●  

Describing numbers:
Ten /fifty per cent of people……
A small minority….

The majority / minority of…

A significant percentage of…

A large / small number of…

A large / small proportion of                

A substantial minority/ majority

Only a tiny percentage…

Most people…

Few people …

Writing a
percentage 
X accounted for 3% of ...
in 2018. 

X was 3%
in 2018. 

X, Y and Z made up 3%, 4% and 5% of ...

respec vely 

X comprised 3%
in 2018. 

Describing trends
It can be observed there has been a swing away from….

There has been a gradual swift from…

There is a tendency amongst…

There has been a resurgence of ..

An exception to this trend is …

The chart suggests there has been a move towards…

Linking words:
Whereas/ although /while/ whilst/compared to/ in comparison with…

Using grammar: relative clauses- non -defining :

… of whom…

There were 1,113 motorcycle casualties in the country las yaear, 63 of whom died in
motorcycle accidents

…of which…

The government  donates approximately 1.3  billion dollars in overseas aid per year, the
majority of which goes to Eastern Europe.