W1 -2- 60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2021/2022 SECOND YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMIN. ATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL AND MARINE engineering SMA 2278: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS APRIL 2022 TIME: 2HOURS “Answer question compulsory and any other ‘questions. Question one a) Given that y = arcsinx prove that - 2 = 7 [2marks] ii a x) 3 — =0 [3marks} Find the general solution of the differential equation below, giving your answer in the = Pion) ee ae c & s2ysot2x=sinx [Smarks] p)/ ify = vx, where vis a function is a function of x, express & in terms of v, x and &. re 7 X*Y use the substation y = vx to show that ax =1-v. solve this differential _ es and hence find an equation relating y and x. [Smarks} Solve the differential equation y""+ 4y" + Sy =0 (4marks] is d?y © Prove that y = eis a solution ofx 7 — (2x + th 3 + (1+ x)y = 0, hence find a linearly independent solution of the equation by Pay the order. [7marks] ay _ 2ytext Sol} ti (Solve differential equation 7 = aerriz (“> { 4-0 [4marks]} Ee |Question two a) Obtain the general solution of the differential equation S_oisee [4marks) at The differential equation above describe is used ta model the assets, £8 million, of a bank t years after it as it was set up. Given that the initial assets of the bank were £200 million, use your ‘answer to part (a) to estimate, to the nearest £ million, the assets of the bank 10 years after it was set up. (4marks) by. Find the particular solution of secx — ytanx = #2, ify= 1 whenx=n/3. [6marks] Y Solve the differential equation y" —y" - 2y = sin2x (Gmarks) ‘Question three Given that x = e', a) show that 2 = et 2 and = = e72t (2 = 2) [3marks] b) use your answers to part (a) to show that the substitution x = e! transforms the differential equation x? <2 — 2x22 4 2y = x3 into $2 - 3.9 4+ 2y = 2 cee ip benpe end the eeceral sclutiomichic® 2 ~ tx Zt2y=x3 [4marks} 4) solve the differential equation, © — y = xy [Smarks] e) solve the equation (xy? +y}de + 200777 +x + yay =O [Smarks] Question four Given that y =x isa solution of, (x? - 1) <2 ~ 2422 + 2y = 0, in the interval (-1, 1) a) Finda linearly independent solution by reducing the order and hence determine the general solution [Smarks] b) Solve differential equation y"—2y'+ y ="; y(1)=0, y(1)=1 (5 marks] ¢) Using series solution method find the general solution of y" + y =0 [7marks]}SMA 2278: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS __CAT2_TIME: ONE HOUR point, hence given the a) Differentiate between an ordinary point and a regular singe differential equaton (x? —4)y"43xy'+ y=0 find the general solution in powers of X using power series about x=0) b) Using the transformation x =e’ solve the differential equation xiy"—4xy' + Oy = x qe’ +28 Sx+4y =e" 2 we” ©) Solve the following system of ae es de if ik 24 4 2x-y=0 a we dt at es aNee gee ! d) Find the general solution of the differential equation y"+4) = sec x ok dae Z qe1 Date TIME: 1; HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWOQUESTIONS QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) a) Find the equation of the family of curves which satisfies the differential equation dy x5 t= 0,determine the orthogonal trajectories of these curves. Hence on the same pair of axis sketch the two sets of curves (5 marks) b) Solve each of the following differential equation i (eh 4" ae aytay = 0 (4 marks) ay i, Dy axy=-ay! | (4 marks) ee | An initial deposit of KE20000 is made into an account that earns 4.8% compounded continuously, Money is the withdrawn at a constant rate of K£3000 a year until the ‘amount in the account is zero, Find the amount in the account at any time t. when is the amount in the account equal to zero. What is the total amount withdrawn from the account j (7 marks) | QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) 3) Outline the method of variation of parameters, Hence using your outline determine the ae general solution of the differential equation oy a 32 qayee (10 marks) +e b) Using Taylor's series expansion find a power series solution of the initial value problem 2. (12 +3, 2+ 9 =0,y(2)=4,'(2)=4 (4 marks) dk | de } c) Prove that the transformation x = e' reduces the equation ad’y aye axe a,y = F(2)to 8 linear equation with constant coefficients. Hence : i solve the equation x? 2. sey sy=2e | (6 marks) QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) a) Find a power series solution near x = Oof the differential equation @ d oro 22 +(x -3=0 | (10 marks) b) Find the general solution of the system | | | (8 marks)