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aie ~b ——Desrenbing — Ocdor Go i 7 SL. Stem = and = leaf! displays ond —alotplot.— a = Methods of organizing exploring and _summanzin oe mie + Visual (charts and graphs) “provides. jasiqit HS into charac teristics ole clatoa_set_without using lie na ee =“ «© — Nlumecicol Cstebstics or lable). prouidler_insiqh into_chevacteastics £ of a_data st -osing—mavthemetis ' ca _= Choracke riches of tinivariale_clta Case of _n_cbeervatiens.on._ ft _one_votable) ; — Chacactenistics _|_ “Teter pretation — | —Hesiantak —[- Date of -—onre | Tinteger — oc _contidous’, I me sheet aay comms hee foray — Cenkee | Whee ore the dette values concentrated 1 / what. rem tanya ela millon — Variactly— —Noci ability —___] ——— fii rch pin de cn Hed, : ce the data values @ Are Hore unusual yolues Shope Are tte dotavebe distributed cyrnmedrically * ; __ owed 2 shacply $eaked | = Phat 2 bimodal 2. TRI MINH = TMG PRO GRAND c0., LTD Scanned with CamScanner WUWWESERPUEEeedodddeee PrCliminedy . 30 tof. exploractony + Shomen 7 mtudive, Ange que cnnertrmens 4 e liminnns 7A Sessnent. bok of the. cade_ovel thoy wee collected and measunecl. ue ursucclize hows Sor E the dala_as_c fst slepanel then swamaci2e— ia_c._quaphi cal avs ploy.- — — The ty peel cyaph use ‘to spy, elalas clepenclent onthe type, of-date.@quanhbhie cata er categprical data) + Steer Stem and = dead Plot is a dyol_ot- explorectory cata cnclysis CEDA) that seeks do reveal esential cote features ina scvtuitivewny.. Simple eyo visuilie sanll-clatt. 56. = Stem is the: tens deégit of tre dleder Chai chys )___-__ —+ deaf sis the ones_clegit—Chaify_ceba_oe 2 ________ 9 Sten =and =leof plot is basically a frequency telly __ Example. a = Sorter P/E Ratio a 32 9 410 40 40 to ad be tet 48 AY. gop. ott Pole ee ed ea a pe eee - Sten=and=lea} plot: _ Fequenty | Stern} = dead . JD 0 +5 4 : - |__| BARRE Ap asco Rag ; | | O01aaneoze a y_ | > | ae ae ss ee E _ 5 04 ay Notes. De ook jump—she stems TRLMINH = TMG PRO GRAND GO. LTO e Fresiy om => Bo rat jump fom 3 Scanned with CamScanner UENECIO OE: NG retn eve : key ro i cmetmens GS Date ... Ad “He stem —ond = ppg — Retrieve. the few. decoy ae dicy’t-witheach— 1 of vis eat agi a — + 4 Da plot - ig the "simplest aft o Pica. chplay » n_individaal values oe} tumerical dala = Eosy to _andecstancl____— — Rewtaling,-dispecsion canny Sage _dlistabution _in_moli Dst plot: _ Step. ye plo Seto ee ee “Nok: More than A clatr value lies ect aba =the seme otis london Tl sks ave stacked verti cally —____— Theo pat AO 5D €0 40. “Atypical * middle” datas ed eee ke +The dolore. not symmedic be cause fa Pow lov @ P/E eodios TRI Minn > » MINH = TMG PRO GRAND GO., LTD Scanned with CamScanner | | HUY II “ae Compan mals _A stacked _dot_p lot Ete wine a commen Xk _=asis_seale —Exomple — Central | $j Netleatl Et ee i, Ge i i = 400. old. $o0___400. eno “600 = _“Hft). raion Seles Price Single Early “Hares (hess) Stacked Det_plot_ far Hame "Prices _Cn_s 450 cities) Scanned with CamScanner ee ee ee ne ene ee «Frequency | Oistm bution:_is_a4 sable tee byclassfi iag-oclate Valves into k classes _ Chios $$$ — The bin limits: -—dePine. che. values so be iacudlecl ineoch bin “widths andl teie_I lg_cannot eas gett el wna overlaps. ae ee fo Relative se Frequeniy relahves how often somethiny happeas divided by-all__ en ceed pat ocala omeacy) = Eyample:_ Your team has_tvon 4 games from 49 games playecl _ —=> 1 The _Prequecy of wna 9 + The “relative frequency is 9/5 = HEM _0, + => Peccentages 2 0,35 x 100 = 35° Y + —The_basic_steps_forc_constucting, a. frequency distribu bie + C4) Sort the cleta ia ascending er cler oping 2 ep SECO E Set te Shoei es | | ee eee UH) Put the deta values inthe appropridle bin (5) Create dhe able Step 1. Find Smallest ancl durest Data Ualuee Exompe : eee ee 1 fo. Y A 4S Gd th n 43 48 4949 90. 91 st 92 9% sb __06. 97 28 oa ag as 20GB). TRI MINH - TMG PRO GRAND CO., LTD Scanned with CamScanner ke 1 te Prereeoe —* «Sumy es! ale ee eee : n= number _ of samples __Exconple: —__ Numbec_of samples_’s__ #1 (n= 410.) Te fdalediof ae as | 4 30 Log O18) = $e Chins)_2y Use 6 oc J bins, oe _ Sturges.” Rule Semple. pee Cay | | ___ Suagested_aumbar oP Bins Ck) 10) _ 1 § 3h ~ & a = f . Ag & abl at 5b. 4 Sd 40. A, 4l _ 2 = See: 3. Set tin dime = : pend ms a= a —_— ke. renal Examples : __ Bia_width = oS taf. 8 863 25 Rowel the. bia_wath up to. {0 TRI MINH = TMG eal GRAND CO., LTO Scanned with CamScanner gand-dunmona 4? Date. — Step A: Count te Dota Value—ia _Eoch_bia.—————— ——_Bin_0 =I. dower Limi tis 0, -uppperelimst- is 40-_____ a Bia 0-0 dower Vint 15.10 4—lepy ee oe fe el CO _= Step js Pepure_o “Table. ome es “Bia hints Re latie | Cumulecive. Eroquenc Fequency | Jower_| Upper C4 ) Cpa) C%) Frequency Peceents oz i | a fauo-om|s | 2a 5 jp 4 QO | 4.99 {smo = 056 | 55 JM 60 ao 30 40 40 /40 = 0.95 | 25 a4 3s S504 40 of. 2005 | 6 | 96) 40 ae 50 a 0.0 | _§. 38 Qs: 504. 60 Ps O05 | 5 40 410. a Hstogram -1's_a_grophio.l representation of a Requeney lect bucio , (bar chart ) +X = a4is _@nd_ts_points_of each bia. 4 /= axis Srequet,. within each bin, nm aon nmamnen nO O t Choosing the rune of bins and bin lines in_creatiy hiskgns -eegui es judgement TRI MINH = TMG PRO GRAND CO. LTD Scanned with CamScanner | VWWUBRRBRUEEEBETVIWWWWVWy Wstogram foc PIE tosis Toe bins Kmox = kein = 6 © Tf youwoat (bis =p foir_width 9__bas py" 1 =F2 nee ee — =p} nie bin wiclth for 8 bins is @ =~ Sf 9 bins is 6 - a Shope - = + “a hn fog ram_pAoy S044 est_the-_shape._of the population. a THs influencedl_toy- he nwdloer_af_bias ancl fin_lin its 7 TT Model_claes -& b lhisto-ninm — bar thet 's_brighem than those on -edthor_side . + Vaimodal single med jal closs CL peak) 4 —i — ‘TRI MINH = TMG PRO GRAND CO., LTD Scanned with CamScanner —Bimodal 9 medal clases —Cd-psks) Ss Ce HF Bo Hl —_— es —t Multimodal. ger ncn ore ae a s = - i= HH “dept =skowed —C negatively. stewed )_alenger lft -e‘} 1 Symmetric: both tou! areas cre sthe same: fo . [> Outlier is_qn_ectreme vole that ak is) le that is Jor enough fram the mopeity of she dal cht pesbebly, once fon adie coun wa che ton -MeOcuemenk__ encore (5) | eal mee oleae TRIMINH - TMG PRO GRAND GO., LTD Scanned with CamScanner —=_Speeval__ Cases » = Multimodal Skew ed left fj yet rth —— ~ Bimoddl Skewed Right wth Outliers f HH i fy a Tip. a Elechve. Frequency Distributions. ee . (4) Check Sturges” Rule fiest., bub enly asa a sageston te “the rucber_of big 7 _ ae Choe _oa_appropriate bia width C2) Choose _bin_limi'ts that ave _mulh’ples of 4 Fiala GA) Make sure that the range 1's covered _, -ancl_acld_bia tf necessary. (5) Skeved. date may cequie_mert_bins to reveal sufficient. clita rere PLAT * Frequency Poly gor_ond_Oqjve_ ———= _ _& Frequent Poly gan: is_a_line_qroph that cennects the idl points of the stag intervals, plus extra intervals_at te baying and _ each_when ouch XK —osis_.___ ee - Some pucpose_as o_histogmm_ Se = Attrative_when_comporing 2 data sets elise! more thon Fee 1 polygon -can_be_plettecl_en the _same_seall. scale = wee ewey > _ —#0-4}— Percent — ___—30-4— _— 10+ 0 0 a0 30 ap TRY Ming TH PROGRAND 6O., LTO PIE Rove o Scanned with CamScanner onctnens 2 @ Date... a — xO gives isa _line cyaphof ) the _cumulahve frequencies —__ —+_Dse ee thactais the shape of the _somple_ with a_lenown __ benchmack C_normal distri buction nt ba be PIF Ratko 3 dl. dine Chact - ce dine. _Chorb:._Déed to_dis play a ime series, ta_spst_srenels_oc Pr ns ion @_spB. period's + Con display —sevecol_vanables tence __________ > Z\ Dallocy, 1 pet Menth yo] 40 0 W935 1990 IRS 49g 1995 GOD) Monthly bass _Raite_far_Coble TM _______ (86-1935 ~ Sow) Scanned with CamScanner i ee A a A a a2 7s Date = Two_-scole line chock — usecl_to compare vari ables that differ_in macyrtycle ec ave _meegureclin_clifferent unrfs ____ Doflavs pec month, — =e 495 __ e000 __geas>__.2000_ool__ a dog Scale a —™rt~”~™ = Arithmetic ecole + destunces onthe Yan are proportional — tothe eng magatude $ the van able being displayed - 20,010,000 — ———1000;000—-— = 400-00 —| — — 100 {ZZ — — 400 = 7 400- = doqarithmic scale Cratioscole) equal distences represent equal cts. + Use a tbe scale for the _verhical_axis when dete vary ever a _widle. coef» 80y.,_by mere than —an_ordem of eng magarhide is will reveal mere _cletail for smaller data value. : = —~6 000 57000 ++ a1 90-4 Scanned with CamScanner I = E Meee dine Chock + Use Pec hime = series-clata 2 = : + Coonpmnadanmual_perentge cube. C GDP, ste_national debt.) ——+—Ti_reveals. whether he quent" ty ts grawing—at co : ; increassiny percent —C Concave upward : i + Constant percent -—C_Stiraight_hae ==) + D eclining percent — C Conceve_dowaward ~~) 5.5. Column —ancl_Bor—_Choet's — «Colma Chock» 13 a_vertical display of data ________ — + Bardkechact—is_a_hectzontal_dis plays _o| foi Colma _Chact Bar _chack + THe = | 7 Title ae > + ET, x ——— a Tle _THle._Title. 1 PueioChoclt— special type of bac otk user i a “ongenest_to dpa a fenioey, io delech ce verte di £ chypes * Cotecjories are ch tod 4 geries ar is playect escendiny otder_« Greg ency. —most ef ects oc_errats) SEAAAA a — TRI MINH = TMG PRO GRAND Coy OT Y 5 Btle, Scanned with CamScanner ESWSWWWURWPEbesd vUwWLAGAZZLZ ae Date ... an Bamimso mat 4 Stahecl_Columa Chort - Bor _hergit is ale sum ef -subtotuls servecal + Arrecis_mey be compavecl by. color to show pactferns ia the Subgroups aad total. . 3.6: Pie Chort $+ - — = « Pie_Chacts: -Con_only convey, agora rdea of cect ___ + Should_be- usecl “fo_portroy cate. which_sum_to_a_totalCpneat snacket chores). + Should_only have afew shes _C9= + Bach shee canbe labeled with dita _valves_ec perceats ST Web (18%) QD == | fe ee Campus - SA Yo Retail Outlet (a5 Yo) st pus 1 5A a Pel 0) Stores e } __ a = a ——_—_____— on Fale I Bc Where Dil You Buy Your Sook 9 i lobes. _ re simple. foaecoadt— ones “disp oy the Same. dato._o _piechacts se - ae TRI MINH - TMG PRO GRAND fn. 17P Scanned with CamScanner gurd-dannaoms EP? GR —A-D | ie __chact adds visval_actevest_, the dhe sizes—of He. ~ie—shices: ae harder to_acsess. D2: Scatter Plots -— * Seater Plots can cmvey—Patllerns in_dala pairs thet twoulel. —not_he_appacet_fcom_a_dchle oe + Scedler Plots_t's a stoctiny point for bivariate deta ewalyeis. in_which we iaveshgale the assoctation ancl relationship _behueen two variables n. er : - Bieth fe “+ ,* + - Rate pects go| 9 -# 4,6 % | anid =e ee e . : : - do do 5p) &b #0. li Pectoney Cyears ) $9. Tables Tables are_the simplest forma of dota clisplay mo Py —actanging numbers ia cows columns their meaning can. -beenboneed si con he unclor stood at_o_qlenco. the eels) oc tay compu the. Yaris Cetera dt ame) —+lips Jor_creating. effective -tobks A Keep simple ronsistan ones oon ee —Puk.summonydables_in_sto_moin_bocly. a} le rpperk ——-etniled_nbles_a__on appendix Scanned with CamScanner a irdeto Date = lumas_ras A. Display data to be —_compewecl_in—_columas = Fe — purposes, _rouncl off Sar AL segiject chigits }— Physi cal_taote Layout aa qqucle the. “a stowarel the. —_ rena you wish cho_onphasrre — 5 Row ond column heoclines i smple en Within column, use cr_consis tect | umber. a “cecim. ae “digits. : : ee 5.4. Deceptive Geaphs —e_ Berge 2 Non 2210 origin —— @)- lin hea se # Error Q — Keep the espect-satioCan'th [hag ht) be lew 900 20 0s not sty_excrcpepergle he Grey x Eecon 3. Dramatic. 7 Files ond_ Destrachag Dvehure Ac stifle Should_be shoe but _ackequate Yor ae eee a _+ & Error 4 arent Nove ly Caraphs, _ Novelty graphs _C| yramiel_chect) should be avercl_be cause fey _di stort the bac _veluma_ualumeencl_make it hacel_to_mecsure har height: 2X! ieee ost doeah ee Coo make

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