Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quick Practice
9. 4 3 y 4 x 2 xy x 2 y ( 4 4 x) y (3 2 x x 2 )
4(1 x) y (3 x)(1 x) Quick Practice 8.1 (p. 8.7)
(1 x)(4 3 y xy ) (a) a 5b 3c8 a 5 b 3 c8
a 9b 7 c 2 a 9 b 7 c 2
∴ H.C.F. a b c
5 3 2
49a 2 49a 2
10.
7 a 28ab 7 a (1 4b) a 5b 3 c 2
7a L.C.M. a 9 b 7 c8
1 4b
a 9b 7 c 8
29
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
5 x 3 5 x 2 5 x 15 5( x 3 x 2 x 3)
Quick Practice 8.2 (p. 8.8) (c)
2 x 3 2 x 12 2( x 3 x 6)
(a) 18 x 2 3x 3 3(6 x 2 x 1)
5( x 1)( x 2 2 x 3)
3(2 x 1)(3x 1)
2( x 2)( x 2 2 x 3)
27 x 3 3 x 3 x(9 x 2 1) 5( x 1)
3 x(3 x 1)(3 x 1) 2( x 2)
∴ H.C.F. 3(3 x 1)
L.C.M. 3 x( 2 x 1)(3 x 1)(3 x 1) Quick Practice 8.5 (p. 8.14)
(1 2 x) 2 1 3x (1 2 x) 2 1 3x
(b) 5 x3 10 x 2 y 20 xy 2 5 x( x 2 2 xy 4 y 2 )
1 2 x 3x 1 4 x 4 x
2 2
(1 x)(1 3 x) (1 2 x) 2
2 x 3 16 y 3 2( x 3 8 y 3 ) 1
2( x 2 y )( x 2 2 xy 4 y 2 ) x 1
∴ H.C.F. x 2 2 xy 4 y 2
Quick Practice 8.6 (p. 8.14)
L.C.M. 2 5 x( x 2 y )( x 2 2 xy 4 y 2 ) a 2 2ab 5a
10 x( x 2 y )( x 2 2 xy 4 y 2 ) a 3 8b 3 3a 2 b 6ab 2 12b 3
a ( a 2b) 3b( a 2 2ab 4b 2 )
Quick Practice 8.3 (p. 8.9) ( a 2b)(a 2ab 4b )
2 2
5a
(a) (i) ∵ f (3) (3)3 2(3) 2 2(3) 3 3b( a 2b)
27 18 6 3 5( a 2b)
0
∴ By the factor theorem, x 3 is a factor of f(x). Quick Practice 8.7 (p. 8.15)
(ii) By long division, we have 9x2 8 18 x 2 9x2 2 (9 x 2 4 )
2
f ( x) ( x 3)( x 2 x 1) 9 x 6 x 4 27 x 8 9 x 6 x 4 (3 x 2)(9 x 2 6 x 4)
2 3
∴ H.C.F. = x 2 x 1 9x2 6x 4
2
L.C.M. = ( x 1)( x 3)( x 2 x 1) 9x 6x 4
1
30
8 More about Polynomials (II)
5 8( x 2) 6 ( x 2 1) 6
2x 5
L.C.M. 2 3 ( x 2) ( x 1)
4 8 2 9
31
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
32
8 More about Polynomials (II)
9 7x 1 3 3. 12 x 3 y 2 z 2 2 2 3 x 3 y 2 z 2
2. 1
4 x 5 16 x 25 4 x 5
2
16 xy 3 z 2 4 x y 3 z
9 7x 4x 5 1 3 20 xy 2 z 3 2 2 5 x y 2 z 3
4 x 5 4 x 5 ( 4 x 5)(4 x 5) 4 x 5 ∴ H.C.F. 2 2 x y 2 z
(9 7 x) ( 4 x 5) 1 3( 4 x 5) 4 xy 2 z
4x 5 ( 4 x 5)( 4 x 5) ( 4 x 5)(4 x 5)
L.C.M. 2 4 3 5 x 3 y 3 z 3
4 3x 1 12 x 15
240 x 3 y 3 z 3
4 x 5 ( 4 x 5)(4 x 5)
4 3 x ( 4 x 5)(4 x 5)
4x 5 16 12 x 4. 2b( a 1) 3 ( 2b 2 7) 2 2 b ( a 1) 3 ( 2b 2 7) 2
4 3 x ( 4 x 5)(4 x 5) 6ab( a 1)(2b 2 7) 2 3 a b ( a 1) ( 2b 2 7)
4x 5 4( 4 3 x )
∴ H.C.F. 2 b ( a 1) ( 2b 2 7)
4x 5
2b( a 1)(2b 2 7)
4
L.C.M. 2 3 a b ( a 1)3 ( 2b 2 7) 2
4x 2
6ab( a 1)3 ( 2b 2 7) 2
3. ( 2 x 2 8)
2
1
x2
5. 12 x 3 ( x y ) 2 ( x 2 y ) 2 2 3 x 3 ( x y ) 2 ( x 2 y )
4x2
[ 2( x 2 4)] 15 x 2 ( x y )( x 2 y ) 3 3 5 x 2 ( x y ) ( x 2 y ) 3
x2 2
∴ H.C.F. 3 x ( x y ) ( x 2 y )
2
x2 x2
4x2 3 x 2 ( x y )( x 2 y )
[ 2( x 2)( x 2)]
x
L.C.M. 2 2 3 5 x 3 ( x y ) 2 ( x 2 y ) 3
x2
4 x 2 ( x 2) 60 x 3 ( x y ) 2 ( x 2 y ) 3
[ 2( x 2)( x 2)]
x
[ 2( x 2)( x 2)] 4 x( x 2) 6. 42 x( x 4) 2 ( x 2 y ) 2 3 7 x ( x 4) 2 ( x 2 y )
2( x 2)( x 2) 63 x 2 ( x 4) 32 7 x 2 ( x 4)
4 x ( x 2)
98( x 4) 3 2 7 2 ( x 4) 3
x2
∴ H.C.F. 7 ( x 4)
2x
7 ( x 4)
L.C.M. 2 3 7 x ( x 4) ( x 2 y )
2 2 2 3
Exercise
882 x 2 ( x 4) 3 ( x 2 y )
Exercise 8A (p. 8.10)
Level 1
1. 6 x 2 y 4 z 2 3 x 2 y 4 z 7. 8 x 2 2 x 3 ( 4 x 3)(2 x 1)
8 x 2 yz 3 23 x 2 y z 3 32 x 2 18 2(16 x 2 9)
2( 4 x 3)(4 x 3)
∴ H.C.F. 2 x y z
2
∴ H.C.F. 4 x 3
2 x 2 yz
L.C.M. 2( 2 x 1)(4 x 3)(4 x 3)
L.C.M. 23 3 x 2 y 4 z 3
24 x 2 y 4 z 3 8. 6( 2a 3b) 2 ( 2a 3b) 2 2 3 ( 2a 3b) 2 ( 2a 3b)3
36a 2 81b 2 9 ( 4a 2 9b 2 )
2. 2 pqr 2 2 p q r 2 32 ( 2a 3b) ( 2a 3b)
3 pq 3 p q ∴ H.C.F. 3( 2a 3b)(2a 3b)
4 p 2 qr 2 2 p 2 q r
L.C.M. 2 32 ( 2a 3b)3 ( 2a 3b) 2
∴ H.C.F. p q
pq 18( 2a 3b)3 ( 2a 3b) 2
L.C.M. 2 2 3 p 2 q r 2
12 p 2 qr 2
33
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
g ( x) ( x 2 x) 2 1
5 ( 2a 1) ( 4a 2 2a 1)
[( x 2 x) 1][( x 2 x) 1]
80a 3 10 10 (8a 3 1)
( x 2 x 1)( x 2 x 1)
2 5 [(2a )3 13 ]
2 5 ( 2a 1) ( 4a 2 2a 1) (b) H.C.F. = x 2 x 1
L.C.M. 2 5 ( 2a 1) ( 2a 1)
2 ∴ By the factor theorem, x 1 is a factor of f(x).
(ii) By long division,
( 4a 2 2a 1)(4a 2 2a 1)
f ( x ) ( x 1)( x 3 1)
20( 2a 1)(2a 1)(4a 2 2a 1)(4a 2 2a 1)
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2 x 1)
( x 1) 2 ( x 2 x 1)
14. 9b 2 12b 4 (3b) 2 2(3b)(2) ( 2) 2
(3b 2) 2
3b3 b 2 2b b(3b 2 b 2)
b(b 1)(3b 2)
34
8 More about Polynomials (II)
x3 3x 2 4 x 2 x2 y
2x 6x 8
2
L.C.M. 12 x y z
3 2
2x2 6x 8 22 3 x3 y 2 z
The exponent of 2 in the monomial is 2.
∴ x2 – 3x + 4 is a factor of f(x). The exponent of 3 in the monomial is 0.
x 2 3x 2 The exponent of x in the monomial is 3.
The exponent of y in the monomial is 2.
x 2 3x 4 x 4 0 x3 3x 2 6 x 8 The exponent of z in the monomial is 0.
x 4 3x3 4 x 2 ∴ The monomial 2 2 30 x 3 y 2 z 0
3x3 7 x 2 6 x 4 x3 y 2
3 x 3 9 x 2 12 x Alternative Solution
2x 6x 8
2 Let f(x) be the monomial.
∵ Product of the two polynomials = H.C.F. L.C.M.
2x2 6x 8
∴ f ( x) 6 x 2 yz 2 x 2 y 12 x 3 y 2 z
∴ x2 – 3x + 4 is also a factor of g(x). 2 x 2 y 12 x 3 y 2 z
f ( x) 4x3 y 2
∴ x2 – 3x + 4 is a common factor of f(x) and 6 x 2 yz
g(x). ∴ The monomial is 4x3y2.
35
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
∴ 2x + 3 must be a factor of 2 x 3 5 x 2 x 6 .
By long division, ( a 1) 2 4b 2 a 2b 1
8.
2 x 3 5 x 2 x 6 ( 2 x 3)( x 2 x 2) ( a 1) 2 4b 2 a 2b 1
( x 1)( x 2)(2 x 3) ( a 1) 2 ( 2b) 2 a 2b 1
(b) The two polynomials are (x – 1)(2x + 3) and ( a 1) 2 ( 2b) 2 a 2b 1
(x + 2)(2x + 3). ( a 1 2b)(a 1 2b) a 2b 1
( a 1 2b)(a 1 2b) a 2b 1
Exercise 8B (p. 8.18)
a 2b 1
Level 1
a 2b 1
x 2 7 x 12 ( x 3)( x 4)
1.
x2 9 ( x 3)( x 3)
x4 x 2 1 3x 6
9.
x3 x2 x x2 2x
( x 1)( x 1) 3( x 2)
x( x 1) x ( x 2)
2 x 2 y 4 xy 2 xy ( x 2)
2. x 1 3
x y 3 xy 10 y y ( x 2 3 x 10)
2
x x
2 xy ( x 2) x2
y ( x 2)( x 5) x
2x
x5 a 1 a 1 28
10.
a 3 a 4 a 2 a 12
2 x 2 20 x 78 2( x 2 10 x 39) ( a 1)(a 4) ( a 1)(a 3) 28
3.
4 x 2 49 x 39 ( 4 x 3)( x 13) ( a 3)(a 4) ( a 4)(a 3) ( a 4)(a 3)
2( x 3)( x 13) ( a 1)(a 4) ( a 1)(a 3) 28
( 4 x 3)( x 13) ( a 3)(a 4)
2( x 3) a 2 5a 4 ( a 2 4a 3) 28
4x 3 ( a 3)(a 4)
9a 27
x2 2x x2 2x x ( x 2) x ( x 2) ( a 3)(a 4)
4. 2
3x 6 x
3 2
x 4 3 x 2 ( x 2) ( x 2)( x 2) 9( a 3)
1 ( a 3)(a 4)
3( x 2) 9
a4
x 3 8 4 x 8 ( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4) 4( x 2)
5.
x 3 8 3 x 6 ( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4) 3( x 2)
( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4) 3( x 2)
( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4) 4( x 2)
3( x 2 2 x 4)
4( x 2 2 x 4)
36
8 More about Polynomials (II)
Level 2
1 1 4a 3 ab 2 1
1 2x y y 2x 19.
15. a ab 4a 2b a 2
6 x 2 13xy 6 y 2 3x 2 y y 3x
1 a ( 4a 2 b 2 ) 1
1 3 x 2 y ( 2 x y ) ( a b) 2
a 2( 2 a b ) a
( 2 x 3 y )(3 x 2 y ) 2 x y (3 x y )
a b ( 2a b)(2a b)
1
a 2a ( 2a b)
( 2 x 3 y )(3 x y )
a b 2a b
a 2a
( 2a 2b) ( 2a b)
2a
3b
2a
37
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
x 1 2 x 2 3x 1 x 2 1 x 1 1 1 2b3
20. 24. 3 6
x x 1 2x 4 x2 4 a b33
a b 3
b a6
x 1 ( x 1)(2 x 1) ( x 1)( x 1) x 1 1 1 2b3
3 3
x x 1 2( x 2) ( x 2)( x 2) a b
3 3
a b 3
( a b )(a 3 b3 )
3
c2 1 c 2 8c 12
3 (c) 3
2 ( x 2 x 2) c 7c 6 c 5c 2 2c 8
2
( x 1)( x 2 4)
(c 1)(c 1) (c 2)(c 6)
3
( x 2)( x 1) (c 1)(c 6) (c 1)(c 2)(c 4)
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)( x 2)
1
3
c4
( x 1)( x 2)
38
8 More about Polynomials (II)
39
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
x 2 8 x 16 3 x 6
6.
x3 8 4 x 16
( x 4) 2 3( x 2)
( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4) 4( x 4)
3( x 4)
4( x 2 2 x 4)
40
8 More about Polynomials (II)
1 1 1 p 1 3 p 1 p2 1 p2 1
11. 14.
a ab ab b 2 ab
2
p 1 3p 3 p 1 p 1
1 1 1 ( p 1)(3 p 1) p 2 1 p 1
a ( a b) b( a b) ab 3( p 1)( p 1) p 1 ( p 1)( p 1)
b a ab
( p 1)(3 p 1) p2 1
ab( a b) ab( a b) ab( a b)
3( p 1) 2
( p 1) 2
b a ( a b)
( p 1)(3 p 1) 3( p 2 1)
ab( a b)
3( p 1) 2 3( p 1) 2
0
(3 p 2 4 p 1) (3 p 2 3)
3( p 1) 2
w w 3
12. 4p 2
2 w 3 2 w 3 16 w2 36
3( p 1) 2
w w 3
2( 2 p 1)
2 w 3 2 w 3 4( 4 w 2 9)
3( p 1) 2
w w 3
2 w 3 2 w 3 4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3)
1 1 1 x 1 x
4 w( 2 w 3) 4 w( 2 w 3) 1 1
x x
4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) 4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) 15. x x
1 1 x 1 x 1
3 1 1
x x x x
4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) 1 x 1 x
(8w2 12 w) (8w2 12 w) 3 x 1 x 1
4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) ( x 1)( x 1) (1 x)( x 1)
24 w 3 ( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1)( x 1)
4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) ( x 2 2 x 1) ( x 2 2 x 1)
3(8w 1) ( x 1)( x 1)
4( 2 w 3)(2 w 3) 2x2 2
( x 1)( x 1)
1 1 1 1 2( x 2 1)
13.
x y xy 2 x 2 y xy 2 x y x y
2
( x 1)( x 1)
1 1 1
xy ( x y ) xy ( x y ) ( x y )( x y ) 3 p 2 q pq 2 1 p 2q 2
x y x y 16.
xy 6 p 2q ( q 1) 2 q 1 p q
xy ( x y )( x y ) xy ( x y )( x y ) ( x y )( x y ) xy pq (3 p q ) 1 p pq
( x y ) ( x y ) xy
2(3 p q ) ( q 1) 2 q 1 2( q 1)
xy ( x y )( x y ) pq p( p q)
xy 2 y
2( q 1) 2 2( q 1) 2
xy ( x y )( x y )
p 2 2 pq
y ( x 2)
2( q 1) 2
xy ( x y )( x y )
p ( p 2q )
x2
2( q 1) 2
x( x y )( x y )
x 4 xy 3 4 x 2 4 xy 1 1
17.
x2 y 2 4x2 y x
x( x3 y 3 ) 4 x( x y ) x y
x2 y 2 4x2 xy
x( x y )( x 2 xy y 2 ) 4 x( x y ) xy
( x y )( x y ) 4x2 x y
xy ( x 2 xy y 2 )
x y
41
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
Level 2 22. 5 p 3 5q 3 5( p 3 q 3 )
18. 12 x 22 x 14 x 2 x(6 x 11x 7)
3 2 2
5( p q )( p 2 pq q 2 )
2 x( 2 x 1)(3 x 7)
2( p q )( p 2 2 pq q 2 ) 2( p q )( p q ) 2
9 x 2 48 x 63 3(3x 2 16 x 21) ∴ H.C.F. = p q
3( x 3)(3x 7)
L.C.M. 2 5 ( p q ) 2 ( p q ) ( p 2 pq q 2 )
24 x 68 x 28 4(6 x 2 17 x 7)
2
10( p q ) 2 ( p q )( p 2 pq q 2 )
2 2 ( 2 x 1)(3 x 7)
∴ H.C.F. = 3 x 7
23. 3 x y 3 x y
2 2
L.C.M.
2 2 3 x ( x 3) ( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1) (3 x 7) 4 y 2 22 y 2
12 x ( x 3)(2 x 1)(2 x 1)(3 x 7) ∴ H.C.F. = y
L.C.M. 2 3 x y
2 2 2
12 x 2 y 2
19. 20m 6m 36 2(10m 3m 18)
2 2
(5 m 6 ) 0
4n 2 ( m 3)(2m 3)(3m 4)(5m 6) g ( 3) ( 3)3 3( 3) 2 9( 3) 27
27 27 27 27
20. ∵ x + 1 is a factor of x3 – 3x – 2. 0
∴ By long division, By the factor theorem, x + 3 is a common
factor of f(x) and g(x).
x 3 3 x 2 ( x 1)( x 2 x 2)
(ii) f ( x) 3( x 2 ) 2 26 x 2 9
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)
( x 2 9)(3 x 2 1)
( x 1) 2 ( x 2)
( x 3)( x 3)(3 x 2 1)
∵ x + 1 is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1.
∴ By long division, By long division,
x 3 3 x 2 3 x 1 ( x 1)( x 2 2 x 1) g ( x) ( x 3)( x 2 9)
( x 1)( x 1)( x 1) ( x 3)( x 3)( x 3)
( x 1) 3
( x 3) 2 ( x 3)
H.C.F. = ( x 1) 2
(b) H.C.F. = ( x 3)( x 3)
L.C.M. = ( x 1) ( x 2) 3
L.C.M. = ( x 3) 2 ( x 3)(3x 2 1)
42
8 More about Polynomials (II)
( 4 x 2 1) 2 30. x 6 x 2 x 2 ( x 4 1)
[(2 x ) 1]
2 2
x 2 ( x 2 1)( x 2 1)
[(2 x 1)(2 x 1)] 2
x 2 ( x 1)( x 1)( x 2 1)
( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1)
2 2
H.C.F. x 2 x x( x 1)
(b) g ( x) 16 x 3 2 L.C.M. 3 x 7 3 x 6 3 x 3 3 x 2
2(8 x 3 1) 3 x 6 ( x 1) 3 x 2 ( x 1)
2[(2 x)3 13 ] 3 x 2 ( x 1)( x 4 1)
2( 2 x 1)(4 x 2 2 x 1) 3 x 2 ( x 1)( x 2 1)( x 2 1)
∴ H.C.F. = 2 x 1 3 x 2 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1)( x 2 1)
28. (a) ∵ x – 2 is the H.C.F. of f(x) and g(x). 31. (a) L.C.M. 6 x 3 30 x 2 12 x 48
∴ x – 2 is a common factor of f(x) and g(x). 6( x 3 5 x 2 2 x 8)
By the converse of the factor theorem, we have
6( x 1)( x 2 6 x 8)
f ( 2) 0
6( x 1)( x 2)( x 4)
( a b)(2)3 6( 2) 2 5( 2) 10 0
8( a b) 24 0 (b) H.C.F. 2 x 2 2( x 1)
a b 3 0 ……(1) ∴ The possible sets of polynomials are
2(x + 1), 6(x + 1)(x – 2)(x 4) or
g ( 2) 0
6(x + 1)(x – 2), 2(x + 1)(x – 4).
3( 2) 2( a 3b)(2) 8( 2) 0
3 2
(or any other reasonable answers)
8( a 3b) 8 0
a 3b 1 0 ……(2) 2a 2 a 3 2a 2 3a 1
32. 3
(2) – (1): 4b 4 0 2a a 1 2a a 2 4a 3
2
b 1 ( a 1)(2a 3) ( a 1)(2a 1)
( a 1)(2a 1) ( a 1)(2a 2 a 3)
By substituting b = 1 into (1), we have
a (1) 3 0 ( a 1)(2a 3) ( a 1)(2a 1)
( a 1)(2a 1) ( a 1) 2 ( 2a 3)
a2
1
a 1
43
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
( p 2) 2 4q 2 p 2 q 2 pq 2 2 pq 1 1 1 1
33. 37. 2 2
p 2 4( q 1) 2 p 2 q 2 pq 2 2 pq 2 x 8 x 2 2 x x 10 x 2
[( p 2) 2q ][( p 2) 2q ] pq ( p 2q 2) 1 1 1 1
[ p 2( q 1)][ p 2( q 1)] pq ( p 2q 2)
2( x 4) x 2 ( 2 x 5)( x 2) x 2
2
( p 2q 2)( p 2q 2) pq ( p 2q 2)
1 2( x 2)
( p 2q 2)( p 2q 2) pq ( p 2q 2)
2 ( x 2 )( x 2 ) 2 ( x 2)( x 2)
1
x2 ( 2 x 5)( x 2)
( 2 x 5)( x 2 )( x 2 ) ( x 2)(2 x 5)( x 2)
( a b) 2 4 b 2 2b ab ( a 2) 2 b 2
34. 1 ( 2 x 4) ( x 2) ( 2 x 2 x 10)
b 2 2b ab (b 2) 2 a 2 a 2 2a ab
( a b 2)(a b 2) b (b 2 a ) 2( x 2)( x 2) ( x 2)( x 2)(2 x 5)
b (b 2 a ) (b 2 a )(b 2 a ) 5 2x ( x 2)( x 2)(2 x 5)
a ( a 2 b) 2( x 2)( x 2) 2x2 2x 8
( a 2 b)(a 2 b) ( 2 x 5) ( x 2)( x 2)(2 x 5)
a 2( x 2)( x 2) 2( x 2 x 4)
ba2 ( 2 x 5) 2
4( x 2 x 4)
12 x 2 36 1 13 x 28
35.
x3 8 x 2 x2 2x 4 2 4 4 x 2 8 x 12 5 10 10
38. 2
12 x 2 36 x2 2x 4 3 3 x 3 5 x 25 x 30 6 3 x 3 x 3
( x 2)( x 2 x 4) ( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4)
2
2( x 1) 4 4( x 2 2 x 3)
(13 x 28)( x 2)
3( x 1) 3( x 1) 5( x 5 x 6)
2
( x 2 2 x 4)( x 2)
5( x 1)( x 3) 10( 2)( x 3) 10(6)( x 1)
(12 x 2 36) ( x 2 2 x 4) (13 x 2 2 x 56)
6( x 1)( x 3) 6 ( x 1)( x 3) 6 ( x 1)( x 3)
( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4)
2 x 2 4 4( x 1)( x 3)
24
3( x 1) 5( x 2)( x 3)
( x 2)( x 2 2 x 4)
5[ x 2 4 x 3 ( 4 x 12) (12 x 12)]
6( x 1)( x 3)
2( x 1) 2x 3 2x 1
36. 2 x 2 4( x 1)( x 3) 5( x 2 4 x 3)
4 x 2 8 x 3 4 x 2 6 x 2 4 x 2 10 x 6
2( x 1) 2x 3 2x 1 3( x 1) 5( x 2)( x 3) 6( x 1)( x 3)
2( x 1) 5( x 2)( x 3) 6( x 1)( x 3)
( 2 x 1)(2 x 3) 2( 2 x 2 3 x 1) 2( 2 x 2 5 x 3)
2( x 1) 2x 3 2x 1 3( x 1) 4( x 1)( x 3) 5( x 1)( x 3)
( 2 x 1)(2 x 3) 2( x 1)(2 x 1) 2( x 1)(2 x 3) ( x 1) 2 ( x 2)
2( 2)( x 1) 2 ( 2 x 3) 2 ( x 1)3
2( 2 x 1)(2 x 3)( x 1) 2( x 1)(2 x 1)(2 x 3)
( 2 x 1) 2 1 1 a2 b2
a 1 b b
2
2( x 1)(2 x 1)(2 x 3) 39. a2 b2 b
1 1 b a 2
4( x 2 2 x 1) ( 4 x 2 12 x 9) ( 4 x 2 4 x 1) a a
a b a b
2( x 1)(2 x 1)(2 x 3)
b 2 a 2 a 3 b3
4x2 4 2 2 a 2 ab b 2
a b 2 ab 2 2 2 2
2( x 1)(2 x 1)(2 x 3) ba b a a a a
4( x 1)( x 1) ab ab
2( x 1)(2 x 1)(2 x 3) b2 a2 ab a 3 b3 ab a 2 ab b
2
2 2
2
2( x 1)
ab b a ab b a 2 a2
( 2 x 1)(2 x 3)
a b
3 3
a 2
ab(b a ) a 2 ab b 2
( a b)(a 2 ab b 2 ) a2
2
ab( a b) a ab b 2
a
b
44
8 More about Polynomials (II)
1 1 1
x2 y 2 1 1 1
40.
y2
x 2 1 1 1 b 1 a 1 x y 1
x y 1
1 1 xy x 2 y 2 b 1 a 1 1 1
x y3 1 1
y x 3
x y 1 x y 1
1 x2 y 2 x2 y 2 1 1 ( x y 1) 1 ( x y 1)
y 2
x2 x2 y 2 xy 1 x y 1 x y 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 xy 1 x y3 3 1 ( x y 1) 1 ( x y 1)
x y x y x y
y x3 x y 1 x y 1
y (1 x 2 y 2 ) x 3 ( x 2 y 2 1) x 2 y 2 xy 1 x y x y2
2
y (1 xy ) x 2 (1 x 3 y 3 ) x2 y 2 2 x y ( x y)
x y ( x y)
(1 xy )(1 xy ) ( x)(1 x 2 y 2 ) x 2 y 2 xy 1
( x y 2) x y 2
y (1 xy ) 1 x3 y 3 x2 y 2
( x y )( x y )
1 xy ( x)(1 xy )(1 xy ) 1 xy x 2 y 2
( x y 2)( x y 2)
y (1 xy )(1 xy x y )
2 2
x2 y 2
1 xy 1 xy x 2 y 2 x2 y 2
( x)(1 xy ) 1 xy x 2 y 2 xy 1 1
y 43. (a) ab
xy x y x y
xy yx
x y xy
2 1 2 1
41. 1 1 xy ( x y)
x 1 x x 1 x 1
x y xy
2 1 x 1 2 x 1 1 1
x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1 a 2 ab ab b a 2 1 1 b
(b)
2 2 x 2 x b 2 ab ab b b 2 1 1 a
x 1 x x 1 x 1 ( a 1)(a 1) (b 1)
2 1 x 2 x (b 1)(b 1) a 1
x 2 x x 1 x 1 a 1
2(1 x)( x 1) 2 x( 2 x) x b 1
xy
x( 2 x)( x 1) x 1 1
x y
2(1 x 2 ) ( 4 x 2 x 2 ) 1
1 1
( 2 x)( x 1) x 1 1
x y
2 4x
xy x y
( 2 x)( x 1)( x 1)
x y
2( 2 x 1)
y x xy
( x 2)( x 1)( x 1) xy
2( 2 x 1) xy x y xy
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2) x y y x xy
y x xy xy
x y 1 x y y x xy
42. a
( x y)2 1 xy
x y 1 x y
( x y 1)( x y 1)
1 Multiple Choice Questions (p. 8.25)
x y 1 1. Answer: B
6 xy 2 3 x y
x y 1 8 x 2 y 23 x 2 y
b
( x y)2 1 12 xy 2 2 2 3 x y 2
x y 1 ∴ H.C.F. 2 x y
( x y 1)( x y 1) 2 xy
1
L.C.M. 23 3 x 2 y 2
x y 1
24 x 2 y 2
45
NSS Mathematics in Action 4B Full Solutions
2. Answer: B 8. Answer: B
12 a 2bc 2 2 3 a 2 b c 2
3
H.C.F. 6abc ( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1)( x 2)
2 3 a b c 2( x 2) 3( x 1)
L.C.M. 60a 2b 2c 2 ( x 1)( x 1)( x 2) ( x 1)( x 2)( x 1)
22 3 5 a 2 b 2 c 2 2( x 2) 3( x 1)
∴ The monomial 2 3 5 a b 2 c 2 ( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)
30ab 2c 2 x 1
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)
( x 1)
3. Answer: D
8 x 2 2 x 2 x( 4 x 1) ( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)
1
16 x 3 x x(16 x 2 1)
( x 1)( x 2)
x( 4 x 1)(4 x 1)
∴ H.C.F. x( 4 x 1)
9. Answer: D
4x2 x
1 1 1 x2 x2 1
x x
x x x x
4. Answer: B 1 1 x2 1 x2 1
∵ x – 1 is the H.C.F. of f(x) and g(x). x x
x x x x
∴ x – 1 is a common factor of f(x) and g(x).
1 x2 x2 1
By the converse of the factor theorem, we have 2
f (1) 0 x 1 x2 1
1 x2 1 x2
12 a (1) b 0
1 x2 1 x2
a b 1 0 ......(1)
(1 x 2 ) 2 (1 x 2 ) 2
g (1) 0
(1 x )(1 x ) (1 x 2 )(1 x 2 )
2 2
12 2b(1) a 0
(1 2 x 2 x 4 ) (1 2 x 2 x 4 )
a 2b 1 0 ......(2)
(1 x 2 )(1 x 2 )
(1) – (2): b 2 0
2 2x4
b2
1 x4
By substituting b = 2 into (1), we have
2( x 4 1)
a 2 1 0
1 x4
a 3
10. Answer: A
5. Answer: A
a2
H.C.F. = x + 1 x 1 1
b2
L.C.M. = x 3 2 x x 2
a2 b2
By long division,
b2 b2
L.C.M. ( x 1)( x 3x 2)
2
a2b2
( x 1)( x 1)( x 2)
b2
∴ The two polynomials are (x +1)(x – 1) and ab
(x + 1)(x – 2), i.e. x2 – 1 and x2 – x – 2.
b2
a2
6. Answer: A y 1 1
4a 2 9b 2 ( 2a ) 2 (3b) 2 b2
a2 b2
4a 12ab 9b
2 2
( 2a ) 2( 2a )(3b) (3b) 2
2
b2 b2
( 2a 3b)(2a 3b)
a2b2
( 2a 3b) 2
b2
2a 3b
ab
2a 3b
b2
ab
7. Answer: A x 1 b 2
∴
x2 y 2 1 ( x y )( x y ) 1 y 1 a b
x 3 y 3 x y ( x y )( x 2 xy y 2 ) x y b2
1 b2
2
x xy y 2 b2
46